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单词 bank
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bankn.1

Brit. /baŋk/, U.S. /bæŋk/
Forms: Middle English bannke ( Ormulum), Middle English bonc, Middle English bonke, Middle English bonkkes (plural), Middle English bunk, Middle English–1500s (1800s– English regional (west midlands)) bonk, Middle English–1600s banke, Middle English– bank, 1500s banc (Scottish), 1500s–1600s banck, 1500s–1600s bancke, 1900s– banghs (Scottish (Shetland), plural, in sense 10), 1900s– bangse (Scottish (Orkney), plural, in sense 10).
Origin: Apparently a borrowing from early Scandinavian.
Etymology: Apparently < early Scandinavian (compare Old Danish banke shore (Danish banke sandbank, mass of cloud, fog, etc., (now chiefly regional) hill, slope) and (with assimilation of consonants) Old Icelandic bakki shore, riverbank, ridge, slope, mass of cloud, Old Swedish bakke (Swedish backe ) hill, slope, Old Danish, Danish bakke hill, slope) < the same Germanic base as bench n. (compare bank n.2). Compare post-classical Latin bancus , banca bank, hill, mound (from 13th cent. in British sources) and Anglo-Norman banc shore (1402 or earlier; rare). With use denoting a sandbank, etc. (see sense 4), compare (early) Middle Dutch bank (Dutch bank ), Middle Low German bank ( > Swedish bank (1644)), in this sense (specific uses of the respective cognates of bench n.), and also Middle French, French banc (1529), banche (1484; subsequently from the 17th cent.). In Orkney and Shetland use in sense 10 probably after the unattested Norn cognate of the Scandinavian words listed above (compare also Faroese bakki steep slope, cliff, especially sea-cliff).Form history. The English word reflects an early Scandinavian form without assimilation of nk to kk , and was therefore borrowed either before this change took place (perhaps in the early 10th cent., although this date is disputed) or from a variety which remained unaffected by it (the assimilation was fully carried through only in the West Norse languages). The preponderance of the early place-name evidence in the north (especially the north-west) of England (the principal area of West Norse settlement) would appear to make the former more likely. Place names. Attested earlier in the place name Aikebanc (field name), West Riding, Yorkshire (1170); compare also Ellerbank , Cumberland (c1215; now Ellerbeck), Thornbank , Cumberland (c1230), Bankys , Burtholme, Cumberland (1256; now Banks), Wyndibonk , Lancashire (c1300; now Windy Bank), etc., although some of these examples probably reflect the early Scandinavian rather than the English word. Such place names are rare outside the north and east before the 14th cent.; for a notable exception compare Northbanke (field name), Wiltshire (a1272). A related form in Old English. A parallel formation (with different sense) from the same Germanic base is shown by Old English banca (only in the compound hobanca bench, couch: see bank n.2).
I. A mound or slope, and related senses.
1. A raised shelf or ridge of ground; a long, high mound with steeply sloping sides; one side or slope of such a ridge or mound.See also hedge-bank n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > small mound
balkc885
bankc1175
hill1297
hillock1382
mow?1424
sunka1522
tump1589
anthill1598
pustule1651
mound1791
hag1805
moundlet1808
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > small mound > side of
bank1807
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9210 Whær se iss all unnsmeþe ȝet. Þurrh bannkess. & þurrh græfess.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. v. l. 521 But blustreden forth as bestes ouer bankes and hilles.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. iii. sig. O7v Sitting ydle on a sunny banck.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. i. 249 I know a banke where the wilde time blowes. View more context for this quotation
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. ii. 46 Finde you out a bedde: For I, vpon this banke, will rest my head. View more context for this quotation
1807 G. Crabbe Parish Reg. ii, in Poems 76 Toy'd by each Bank and trifled at each Stile.
1862 W. Barnes Rhymes Dorset Dial. I. 22 Yollow cowslip-banks.
1932 A. Bell Cherry Tree xvi. 234 We walked in a false spring, with the banks before the cottage gardens offering posies of primulas.
1996 Guardian 2 Oct. i. 14/7 On the elbow of a beech avenue, there's a grassy bank surrounded by stunted oaks.
2. An artificial embankment created by digging or dredging and piling up earth, as one surrounding or bordering a well, road, etc.; (also) a military earthwork; a dyke providing protection from flooding or from the sea.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun]
wallc900
banka1387
aggera1398
trench1445
braye1512
mantle-walla1522
werewalla1525
rampire1548
rampart1550
mound1558
mount1558
argin1589
vallie1602
earthwork1633
circumvallation1645
vallation1664
subtrench1669
epaulement1687
enceinte1708
ring1780
vallum1803
main-work1833
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 27 (MED) Þat welle is..nouȝt depe bot to þe kne, i-closed wiþ hiȝe bankes [L. ripas] in eueriche side.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 508 (MED) Fulofte a litel Skar Upon a Banke, er men be war, Let in the Strem.
a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 65 Aboue þis bank moot be piȝte pales or stakes wel scharped.
c1450 (?a1405) J. Lydgate Complaint Black Knight (Fairf.) l. 79 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 386 (MED) The bankys rounde the welle environyng.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Sam. xx. 15 Beseged him..and made a banke aboute the cite.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Banckes defensyue againste subundation called Seabanckes or Seadickes.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. iii. v. 59 Fenced on the East side, with the banke or rampier of Tarquinius.
1611 Bible (King James) 2 Sam. xx. 15 They cast vp a banke against the city. View more context for this quotation
1709 J. Green Let. in Jrnl. Friends' Hist. Soc. (1914) Oct. 185 Ye sea..it's bounded wth huge banks of earth, rampired wth strong planks.
1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature ix. 206 Daisies on the banks of the road.
1762 Gentleman's Mag. (1806) May 237/1 The old podike, the defensive bank to the country of Marshland, in Norfolk, against foreign waters, was cut thro' by persons unknown.
1815 Monthly Mag. May 312/1 On the tops of the hills are no earthworks, or banks: so fortification was out of the question.
1873 E. O'Curry Manners Anc. Irish III. 4 The same name [i.e. Dun]..would apply to any boundary or mearing formed of a wet trench between two raised banks or walls of earth.
1912 J. W. White Flora of Bristol 251 The well-drained banks of railway lines.
1970 N. Pevsner Cambridgeshire (Buildings of Eng.) (ed. 2) (Gloss.), 507/1 Agger, Latin term for the built-up foundations of Roman roads; also sometimes applied to the banks of hill-forts or other earthworks.
1998 J. Cope Mod. Antiquarian 334/2 On the Isle of Man the chapels were called keeils and were often just a rectangular earthwork bank with softened edges.
3.
a. The slope of a hill, a hillside. Later also: an incline on a railway. Cf. up-bank adv. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun]
hield943
lithOE
pendanta1387
bankc1390
slentc1400
shoring1567
rist1577
inclining1596
slope1626
side-slip1649
slant1655
sideling1802
hang1808
siding1852
counterslope1853
bajada1866
tilt1903
palaeoslope1957
c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 130 (MED) Hit is heor kynde on Bank and bouh A quik Brid to hauen and holde.
a1425 (a1396) R. Maidstone Paraphr. Seven Penitential Psalms (BL Add. 39574) l. 239 in M. Day Wheatley MS (1921) 29 (MED) Bryng me fro this brery bank To heuen blys aboue the sky.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 340 (MED) A man..wroght in a banke for syluer vre. And sodanlie þe banke fell and kyllid all þat was vnder-nethe.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 29 There vas ane grene banc ful of rammel grene treis.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Biv/2 Banke of an hill, procliuitas.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xvi. 252 Two Hils their euen Banks do somewhat seeme to stretch.
c1650 (a1450) Death & Life l. 69 in I. Gollancz Sel. Early Eng. Poems (1930) V. 3 As shee [bowed] by the bankes, the boughes..lowted to þat Ladye & layd forth their branches.
1747 W. Gould Acct. Eng. Ants 2 The Hill Ants I so denominate from their usual Place of Residence, the sunny Banks or Sides of Hills.
1816 J. Austen Emma III. vi. 98 A bank of considerable abruptness and grandeur. View more context for this quotation
1875 J. A. H. Murray Thomas of Erceldoune 2 Thomas, lying on Huntley Banks, sees the lady riding by.
1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Bonk, a sloping height.
1908 Railway Mag. Feb. 111/1 The fastest work I ever recorded with the same loads up the Hemerdon and Burlescombe banks.
2002 J. Freeman Red Water (2003) iii. 205 She circled above the camp.., moving along the sloping bank of the hill until she could see the shape of the horse before her.
b. An area of high ground, a hill. Now rare (English regional (northern) and Newfoundland in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun]
cloudc893
downOE
hillc1000
penOE
holmc1275
woldc1275
clotc1325
banka1393
knotc1400
nipc1400
rist1577
kop1835
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. 174 This Geant with his ruide myht Part of the banke he schof doun riht.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 907 Bydeȝ here by þys blysful bonc.
c1440 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Thornton) l. 41 (MED) To bekire at þose barrayne in bankis so bare.
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 160 Downe I ley me vpon this banke.
1794 in W. Hutchinson Hist. Cumberland II. 14 After a long and painful search, they..found her body laying on this hill, or bank, slain by a wolf.
1896 F. M. T. Palgrave List Words & Phrases Hetton-le-Hole 2 Bank [baangk]. Hill. The word ‘hill’ is practically unknown in the dialect.
1956 E. Rouleau Stud. Vascular Flora Newfoundland 26 A footpath, used for generations of berry-pickers, who frequent the bank in the fall of the year to pick cranberries.
1987 G. Fizzard Unto Sea 14 It is thought that this name [sc. Grand Bank] was given to the location because of the high bank which extends from Admiral's Cove to the harbour at the water's edge.
c. An upward slope towards the outside of a bend on a road, sports track, etc., which enables vehicles to maintain speed round a curve.
ΚΠ
1899 F. G. Aflalo Cost of Sport v. 332 Considerable damage may be caused by water percolating and freezing beneath the cement, or by the bank slipping.
1938 Boys' Life June 20/4 My car shot up the steep bank, crashed into the guardrail at the top and went through it as though it were paper.
2004 N.Y. Mag. 6 Sept. 29 The van rolled into the 30-degree bank of Turn No. 2 on the track at the Daytona International Speedway.
4.
a. A ridge or raised shelf of sand or other soft material on a seabed or riverbed, typically rising above or lying just below the surface; a large, elevated region of the sea bed. Also in figurative contexts.See also mudbank n., sandbank n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > body of water > [noun] > shallow place
shoal839
shoala1400
bank?1473
undeep1513
shelf1545
flat1550
vadea1552
ford1563
shallow1571
shoaling1574
ebbs1577
shelve1582
bridge1624
ballow1677
shamble1769
sharp1776
poling ground1901
sea-shoal1903
?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 139 Theyr boote was born with the wawes vpon a bancke of sande where the see was so lowe, that þe monstre mighte not well swymme with his ease vnto hem.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) i. iii. l. 31 Cachit amang the schald bankis of sand.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. vii. 6 But heere, vpon this Banke and Schoole of time, Wee'ld iumpe the life to come.
1696 London Gaz. No. 3221/4 Near the Banks of Dunkirk.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 142 The Banks, so they call the Place where they catch the Fish.
1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. xliii. 122 There are so many Banks and Rocks under Water, that Navigation is very precarious.
1851 H. W. Longfellow Golden Legend v. 257 No danger of bank or breaker.
1974 A. Dillard Pilgrim at Tinker Creek viii. 141 Off the deep Atlantic banks where whitefish school.
2000 K. H. Mann Ecol. Coastal Waters (ed. 2) xvii. 311 The shallow banks of continental shelves have historically been the sites of some of the most productive fisheries.
b. A bed of oysters, mussels, or other shellfish, typically forming a ridge or reef-like mass on the sea bed.mussel bank, oyster bank, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animals collectively > [noun] > layer of small animals
bed1609
bank1725
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 187 They found a new Bank of Oysters, which had not been found out before.
1792 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. II. v. 47 There is a fine bank of the most excellent oysters, small indeed, but highly flavoured.
1856 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca iii. 440 The great banks of scallops belong to the shallower part of this region.
1905 J. D. Champlin Young Folks' Cycl. Nat. Hist. 445/2 Pearl Oysters congregate in banks in large numbers and are obtained year and year from the same locality.
2009 S. Nichols Paradise Found vii. 117 During the summer there were huge herds of seals on the coast and offshore islands and great banks of shellfish for the picking.
5.
a. A long sloping or flat-topped mound or pile of ice, snow, sand on a shore, etc.snow bank: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > small mound > type of
bank1580
hedge-bank1776
spoil bank1830
palsa1938
pingo1938
lunette1940
1580 J. Florio tr. J. Cartier Shorte Narr. Two Nauigations Newe Fraunce 2 We came to the Iland of Birdes, which was enuironed about with a banke of Ice.
1680 H. More Apocalypsis Apocalypseos Pref. p. xxvi The Papacy would melt away like a bank of snow in the summer-sun.
1784 B. Rush Jrnl. 5 Apr. in Pennsylvania Mag. (1950) 74 iv. 450 We saw one bank of ice on a high bank of earth 20 feet high.
1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago I. ii. 62 Great banks and denes of shifting sand.
1893 in H. T. Cozens-Hardy Broad Norfolk (Eastern Daily Press) 77 Mielbanks, banks of sand blown up by the wind and consolidated by the marum grass.
1959 Listener 22 Jan. 159/2 Blowers which blast the snow into banks at the roadside.
2003 E. Hay Garbo Laughs xxxiii. 290 That week, following the ice storm, the snow-military were out in their trucks and ploughs removing the snow-and-ice banks.
b. A large or dense mass of cloud, mist, or fog, esp. one seen from a distance, stretching above the horizon.See also cloud-bank n. at cloud n. Compounds 1a, fog bank n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > long flat-topped mass
bank1601
banking1835
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > layer, bank, etc., of mist
bank1601
sheeta1774
streamer1871
weft1883
shred1912
1601 W. Walker tr. J. C. van Neck Jrnl. Voy. Eight Shippes of Amsterdam f. 42 The Zealand discharged a peece, supposing they had seene land, but it was a banke of mist.
a1626 F. Bacon Charge (1662) 4 There may be perhaps a Bank of Clouds in the North or West.
1770 L. Carter Diary 2 Apr. (1965) I. 380 It is snowing as hard as ever and from a Northerly and Northeast bank of clouds that seem almost inexhaustible.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxxi. 113 On the starboard bow was a bank of mist.
1860 Fitz-Roy in Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 342 The first indications of daylight are seen above a bank of clouds.
1902 J. Conrad Heart of Darkness iii, in Youth 182 The offing was barred by a black bank of clouds, and the tranquil waterway..flowed sombre under an overcast sky.
1950 Life 28 Aug. 28/2 From the foot of the column, the base surge, which is a bank of radioactive fog, rolls rapidly for a mile and a half in every direction.
2006 Wanderlust Mar. 123/3 Wreathed in banks of cloud, these idyllic peaks are a nature lover's dream.
†6. An ant hill. Also ant bank. Obsolete.Cf. mole-bank n. at mole n.3 Compounds 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > ant > that form ant-hills > ant-hill
anthilleOE
ant bedeOE
pismire hill1440
maur-hill?c1475
maur house?c1475
ant heap1591
molehill1610
ant-hillock1656
bank1667
sprout hill1766
formicary1816
ant mound1830
formicarium1834
1667 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 425 If either of the other two sorts be put into the black Ants Bank.
1743 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Nov. 108 It [sc. the Plough] will..cut up more Banks, or Hills, in one Day, than twenty Men can do.
1761 J. Mordant Compl. Steward I. 29 If the smallest matter of turf be left at the side of the bank unpared, the ants..will soon raise another hill.
1847 Farmer's Mag. Jan. 31/1 And also in the labour of cutting up ant banks in old pastures, the tenant should be deemed to possess a five years' interest.
1884 D. Johnson Assoc. Farming 3 A large quantity of ant banks were on the pasture land.
†7. Mining.
a. A coalface. Obsolete.Cf. coal bank n. (b) at coal n. Compounds 5.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > working face or place > in coal mine
stall1665
bank1693
coalface1771
set1858
1693 J. Gale Let. 28 May in D. R. Hainsworth Corr. J. Lowther (1983) 27 I have nott known the country pitts in worse for this last week Prisgill was throwen upp by all the workmen, their bank being badd.
1788 G. Washington Let. 15 Sept. in Papers (1997) Confederation Ser. VI. 429 Near the Mill..there is..the greatest appearance of a valuable Mine bank I have ever seen.
1811 J. Farey Gen. View Agric. Derbyshire I. 344 A set of Colliers called Holers..begin in the night, and hole or undermine all the bank or face of the Coal.
1862 Chambers's Jrnl. Apr. 216 The work is continued in one set until the bank is pierced through, and the next strait set is reached.
1908 W. T. Griswold Struct. Berea Oil Sand in Flushing Quadrangle 59 At Flemon Childer's, in a bank where coal has been taken for two or three years, the block coal is 3 feet 1 inch.
b. A coal bed or ore deposit worked above the water table by surface excavations or drifts. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > [noun] > stratum or bed > of coal > type of coal seam
foot coal1665
foot-rid1665
top coal1803
ten-yard coal1839
rider1840
ten-foot coal1855
top-hard1855
yard-coal1855
yard-seam1862
guide seam1867
main1867
bank1881
rearer1883
thick coal1883
thick seam1883
thin seam1883
1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 105 Bank... 2. An ore-deposit or coal-bed worked by surface excavations or drifts above water-level.
8. A lateral inclination or tilt of an aircraft or vehicle when turning sideways; a manoeuvre involving such inclination. Cf bank v.1 13.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > [noun] > attitude in relation to line of travel > lateral inclination when turning
bank1911
1911 Aeronautics Dec. 206/2 The amount of bank or angle is always at instant command of the operator should he desire it more or less.
1928 C. F. S. Gamble Story N. Sea Air Station xiii. 225 When turning with a heavy bank.
1955 Times 13 July 4/6 When the bank was jerked off there was a crash and he saw the port wing was gone.
1975 Cycle World July 92 I fed in some throttle to hold the bike in a bank.
2001 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 15 Sept. a12/2 The right wing man flew out ahead, did a bank to the left, and approached the small plane nose-to-nose.
II. The edge of a watercourse, body of water, excavation, etc.
9.
a. The sloping, vertical, or overhanging edge of a river or other watercourse; (also more broadly) the land running immediately alongside a river or other watercourse. See also riverbank n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bank > [noun] > of river
sidec1275
rive1296
bankc1303
brae1330
riversidea1425
brook-sidec1450
ripec1475
pleyc1503
riverbanka1522
burn-sidec1540
greave1579
wharf1603
watera1800
riva1819
brook-bank1861
riverine1864
hag1886
c1303 in T. D. Hardy Reg. Palatinum Dunelmensis (1875) III. 40 Ex eadem aqua mensurari debet a le mainflod, quando eadem aqua ita fluit ut sit plena de bank' en bank'.
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. Prol. 8 To reste Vndur a brod banke bi a Bourne syde.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 241 Ouer þe water þat lage is, fro bank to bank rauht itte.
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 3490 He ne sank, Tyl þat he com to a bank [a1425 Linc. Inn water bank].
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 23 Banke of watyr, ripa.
1536 in F. Drake York 230 That several persons inhabiting on the Banks of the River had placed Fishgarths, etc. in the same to the hindrance of the free passage of Ships, keyles, coggs, and boats.
1577 Arte of Angling sig. Bi I will with my line leade him harde to the bank.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. i. 45 Tyber trembled vnderneath her bankes . View more context for this quotation
1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated ii. ix. 160 Some riuers ouerflow their bankes at some certaine times.
a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 81 This second bank [of the Jordan] is..beset with Bushes, and Trees.
1781 J. Rennell Bengal Atlas sig. B This steep Bank..is always found on the concave Side of the River Bed.
1792 R. Burns in J. Johnson Scots Musical Museum IV. 387 Ye banks and braes o' bonie Doon.
1817 C. W. Wynn in Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 35 356 A cordon of troops had been stationed on the banks of the river to intercept any communication.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §17. 120 The left bank of the glacier.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 5 Geographers have agreed to call that bank which lies upon your right side as you go down towards the sea the right bank.
1933 V. Brittain Test. Youth xii. 643 The Danube, slow-flowing and pompous, ran darkly grey between banks powdered with snow.
1971 S. Hill Strange Meeting 165 A canal not far from here overflowed its banks.
2008 Thames & Solent News (National Trust) Autumn (What's On Diary section) 4/1 An enchanting time capsule on the banks of the River Thames, Ham House is a veritable treasure trove.
b. figurative and in figurative contexts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > quality of being restricted or limited > [noun] > limit
markOE
measurea1375
bound1393
sizec1420
banka1425
limita1425
limitationa1475
stint1509
within one's tether?1523
confine1548
tropic?1594
scantling1597
gauge1600
mound1605
boundalsa1670
meta1838
parameter1967
a1425 (a1349) R. Rolle Meditations on Passion (Uppsala) (1917) 43 Drawe me euer to þee..as a nett draweþ þe fysshe til it comeþ to þe banke of deeþ.
1576 A. Fleming tr. J. Caius Of Eng. Dogges 30 Within the banckes of his remembrance.
1642 T. Fuller Holy State i. xi. 33 Liberality should as well have banks as a stream.
1665 J. Glanvill Scepsis Scientifica Addr. Royal Soc. sig. b Like a mighty deluge..beat down all the Banks of Laws, Vertue, and Sobriety.
1887 H. H. Bancroft Pop. Tribunals II. v. 70 A mighty stream of popular will, its bank of vice-bound superstition burst, coursing its way through untried fields.
1998 A. Cohen Handle with Prayer 76 Uplifting words and thoughts carry us from the river bank of fear to the bank of love.
†c. spec. The south side of the Thames opposite the City of London (also called Bankside), an area known for its brothels until their suppression in 1546. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > prostitution > [noun] > area characterized by brothels or prostitution > specific
bank1519
banksidec1540
Whetstones-park1682
Soho1818
Yoshiwara1870
Reeperbahn1974
1519 in Lett. & Papers Foreign & Domest. Henry VIII (1867) III. 126 Southwark, Bermondsey, St. Olaves, Kentisshe Streat, the Banke, Paris Garden.
1536 R. Morison Remedy for Sedition sig. 21 As moche shame for an honest man to come out of a tauerne..as it is here to come from the banke.
1548 R. Crowley in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) II. i. xvii. 142 Sisters of the Bank, the stumbling-blocks of all frail youth.
1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 331 On this banke was sometime the Bordello (or Stewes).
d. Australian and New Zealand. bank and bank: from bank to bank; (of a river) swollen up to the top of the banks, with all the streams joined into one. Cf. banker n.3 4 Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [adjective] > full to the brink
bankfullc1600
bank-high1675
bank and bank1855
1855 Argus (Melbourne) 1 June 5/5 The width of the river varies throughout from 200 to 500 feet, and at its confluence with the Murray measures nearly 300 feet, ‘bank and bank’.
1863 S. Butler First Year Canterbury Settl. vi. 79 Half a dozen times in a year, the river is what is called bank and bank, that is to say, one mass of water from one side to the other.
1872 Sydney Morning Herald 15 Oct. 5/3 It rained in torrents for hours, and this morning, the river and Vale Creek were bank and bank.
1902 J. B. Stephens Poet. Wks. 199 His heart a moment sank To see the river nearly ‘bank and bank’.
1933 L. G. D. Acland in Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) 9 Sept. 15/7 Bank and bank. A river runs b. and b. when all the streams join into one; i.e., when in high flood.
10. The sea coast or shore. Also in plural in same sense. See also sea-bank n. 1a. Now somewhat rare (chiefly Scottish (Orkney and Shetland)).In Shetland frequently used spec. of a precipitous sea coast.
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the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [noun]
sea-warthc888
sea-rimOE
sea-strandc1000
sandc1275
rive1296
bankc1350
sea-banka1375
sea-coasta1400
coastc1400
warthc1450
ripec1475
landsidec1515
seashore1526
banksidec1540
brinish brink1594
shorea1616
ore1652
outland1698
sea beach1742
table-shore1849
playa1898
treaty coast1899
treaty shore1901
beach1903
c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 19* Sur la ripe est vn ceroyne, On the bank is a meremayde.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 198 They had a syght of the bankys of Normandy.
1530 tr. Caesar Commentaryes iii. 4 The open playne banke of Brytayne.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 44v Brode sailes vp braid bonkis þai leuyt.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. ii. 83 And twice by aukward winde from Englands banke Droue backe againe. View more context for this quotation
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 554 Who causeth the waters of the sea to over-swell their bankes.
1885 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 6 280 It seems this Gorgon is localised by the swans as living on the banks of the ocean.
1891 J. J. H. Burgess Rasmie's Büddie 21 Shü gae dee ta me at da banks, An sed, ‘Quat says du, hinnie?’
1979 J. J. Graham Shetland Dict. 4/2 I dunna laek ta see you boys climmin ida banks.
2007 Poetry Oct. 53 A painter born in Majorca, on the banks of the sea.
11. A raised or sloping edge enclosing or bordering a lake, pond, etc.; a lake shore.
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the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bank > [noun] > raised
bank1577
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 173 In the bankes and sides [L. crepedines] of these Ponds, you must haue Busshes and Creeke holes, for the Fishe to hide them in from the heate of the Sunne.
1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis ii. ii. 71 There was a Lake not aboue a mile about; whose bankes were pleasant and easie, but further onward the water very deepe.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 262 The fringed Bank [of a lake] . View more context for this quotation
1791 T. Jefferson Let. 5 June in Papers (1982) XX. 465 The honey suckle of the gardens growing wild on the banks of Lake George, the paper birch, an Aspen with a velvet leaf, [etc.].
1823 J. Thacher Mil. Jrnl. 96 We behold Lake Champlain widening and straitening as banks and clifts project into its channel.
1891 Mag. Western Hist. Aug. 390/1 The hour she sat on the banks of Lake Champlain.
1941 E. Linklater Man on my Back i. 1 In winter it will drown its green islets, in summer its banks are hidden by meadowsweet and flags.
2004 S. M. Wolfe Unveiling xxi. 161 Ducks clustered..along the muddy bank leaving a white swan to cruise the lake in solitary possession.
12. Mining. As a mass noun. The area surrounding the top of a shaft or the mouth of a pit. Chiefly in to (also at) bank.
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society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > mouth or top of mine or shaft
adit1602
bank head1645
mouth1702
bank1708
sough1747
pithead1839
brace1881
mouthing1883
1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 12 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) Horses to draw your Coals to Bank (or Day) out of the Pit.
1765 London Mag. Jan. 40/1 A gin is a machine to raise great weights, of universal service to the coal-owners for drawing the coals to bank.
1835 Rep. Select Comm. Accidents in Mines 215 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 603) V. 1 The placing of the furnace at bank, over the up-cast shaft, with a chimney of moderate height.
1892 Daily News 11 Mar. 5/7 The preparations which are made at many pits to bring horses and ponies ‘to bank’.
1935 H. Heslop Last Cage Down iii. v. 315 One never knew how long the pit would be closed and there were a few things he wanted to see personally before the men rode to bank for the last time.
1987 R. Collis Pitmen of Northern Coalfield xiii. 207 The marching gang could call out workers in other collieries, destroy, scatter or confiscate the coal at bank.

Compounds

C1. Australian, New Zealand, and U.S. Designating a place where gold-mining occurs in or on the bank of a river or stream as opposed to the bed, as bank claim, bank digging, etc. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1851 Empire (Sydney) 7 Oct. 231/7 The bank or dry diggings are being worked in situations that excite astonishment in the visitor.
1856 Hutching's Calif. Mag. Nov. 199/2 The ‘bank’ diggings pay regularly very good wages.
1873 V. Pyke Story Wild Will Enderby (ed. 4) i. iv. 21 The Dunstan gold workings were of two kinds—technically known as ‘beach claims’ and ‘bank claims’. The latter were on the gravelly river-banks which the miners sluiced away bodily for..the golden grains therein deposited.
1900 J. F. Kitto Pract. Dredgeman's Man. 18 If you are working a bank claim it is important that you keep the hole or paddock wide.
1944 M. W. Peacock Dead Puppets Dance 22 I've only got a creek claim. If I had a bank claim—including the bank as well as the bed of the creek—I'd sink a shaft.
C2.
bank-bait n. Angling (now rare) a mayfly or its larva.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Ephemeroptera > family Ephemeridae > member of
day-fly1585
mayfly1653
bank-bait1758
1758 T. Flloyd & J. Hill tr. J. Swammerdam Bk. Nature i. 104/2 The eggs of the Ephemerus produce..a little Worm with six legs. This is the creature fishermen call the bank-bait [Du. oever-aas, L. escam ripariam].
1879 E. P. Wright Animal Life 485 A great many [mayflies] fall into the water a prey to fishes... Hence the name bank-bait.
1903 Humane Rev. Apr. 22 The larva of the common may-fly is a semi-transparent brownish scaly creature... ‘Bank bait’ it is called by the anglers.
1968 J. Mihálik Freshwater Fishes 80 Successful baits include rainworms, the larvae of bank-bait, leeches or natural food.
bank barn n. North American and English regional (Cumberland) a barn built into a slope or hillside, frequently with ground-level access, by way of an external ramp, to an upper floor.
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the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [noun] > barn > types of
tithe barn1543
tithing barn1659
corn-house1699
Dutch barn1742
staddle barn1794
bank barn1804
staddle granary1816
Pennsylvania barn1823
grain-barn1844
1804 Sprig of Liberty (Gettysburg, Pa.) 10 Feb. An excellent large new bank barn, with stables under the whole.
1894 Congress. Rec. Jan. 1036/1 On my father's farm, when I was a boy, there stood a big bank-barn.
1906 ‘R. Connor’ Doctor 26 The foundation of the bank-barn.
1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Bank-barn, a barn built on a hillside or sloping ground, so that three sides of the lower story are surrounded by earth, the fourth being unbanked.
1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. 31/6 (advt.) New bank barn 36 × 80, equipped for 38 cows.
1986 National Trust Mag. Autumn 25/1 Bank barns are particularly Cumbrian... A bank barn has a threshing floor at an upper level with a cow house or stable below.
2001 National Post (Canada) 25 Aug. f10/3 (advt.) The property has two ponds, one with an island and draw bridge, an inground pool, hot tub, guesthouse, 18 stall bank barn, paddocks, [etc.].
bank cress n. Botany (now rare and chiefly historical) any of various plants of the family Brassicaceae that have leaves with a peppery or sharp taste, esp. winter cress and land cress (genus Barbarea), London rocket, Sisymbrium irio, and hedge mustard, Sisymbrium officinale; also in plural with singular agreement.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > hedge-mustard
bank cress1562
wild rocket1578
hedge-mustard1671
1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. Diiij Gerardus Delwike rekeneth that ye herb yt is called in Duche winter cresses, or whiche we may call in Englishe bank cresses, because they grow alwayes about the bankes of ryuers, to be the right Irio.
1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Medicinal Materials i. in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Qq2v Bank-cresses, which some call Irio, others Tortela, do so much resemble Rocket both in gust and form.
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) III. 584 Erysimum officinale..Hedge Mustard, or Wormseed. Bank Cresses. Scrambling Rocket.
1929 R. W. T. Gunther in J. Ray Further Corr. vii. 172 Ericolevis Neapolitana, small bank cresses of Naples, appeared all over the ruins after the Great Fire of London.
2007 G. Allen Herbalist in Kitchen xx. 126 Sisymbrium officinale: Bank cress, crambling rocket, hedge mustard, Jim Hill mustard, [etc.].
bank engine n. now rare a second railway engine providing additional power to a train travelling up an incline; = banking engine n. at banking n.1 Compounds.
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society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > steam locomotive > to assist in climbing steep slopes
bank engine1835
banking engine1838
pilot engine1839
banker1852
bank1866
roof garden1932
1835 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 18 325 The locomotive carriages used at present on the railway are of three kinds, and are called train, luggage, and bank engines.
1890 Engin. & Mining Jrnl. 25 Oct. 483/3 It has been decided to do away with the main slope hauling engine standing at the 1,700 feet level, and to replace the bank engine by a large one capable of the entire hoist of nearly 3,500 feet.
2009 Hornsby & Upper North Shore Advocate (Sydney) (Nexis) 2 July 14 For many years, bank engines were added to trains as they came up the hill.
bank fence n. a fence or boundary wall consisting of a bank of earth.
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the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > bank of earth
bank fence1707
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 231 The Bank-fence is likewise a good shelter for the Land and the Cattle.
1785 W. Marshall Minutes in Rural Econ. Midland Counties (1790) II. 97 This morning, made up a bank fence, on one side of a drinking pool.
1878 T. Hardy Return of Native I. i. vi. 124 Not on the level ground, but on a salient corner or redan of earth, at the junction of two converging bank fences.
1904 E. P. Finnemore Marrying of Sarah Garland x. 118 She snatched at the tall grasses leaning outward from the bank fence, and robbed a tall-stemmed fox-glove of a handful of its bells.
1971 Proc. Royal Irish Acad. C. 71 36 On the north side there was a horseshoe-shaped depression and a modern bank fence ran along the north-eastern side near the base.
bank fish n. now historical (in Newfoundland) cod ( Gadus morhua) obtained from offshore fishing grounds, esp. the Grand Banks.
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the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > cod
cod1357
codfisha1399
cod's head1545
New-land fish1580
bank fish1584
Newfoundland fish1589
water horse1777
coddiea1870
rounder1907
1584 R. Hakluyt in Writings & Corr. (1935) 266 The frenchmen: whoo, settinge furthe in January broughte their bankefishe wch they tooke on the bancke forty or three-score leagues from Newfoundelande to Roan.
1705 London Gaz. No. 4103/4 Newfoundland Bank-Fish..equal to the North-Sea Cod.
1969 H. Horwood Newfoundland 174 All the bank fish was made by the women—every cod's tail.
bank fisherman n. (a) a fisherman who works in the Grand Banks area off the coast of Newfoundland (now historical); (b) an angler who fishes from the bank of a river, lake, etc., rather than from a boat.
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the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fisher > [noun] > sea-fisher > on bank
bank fisherman1782
banker1861
1782 J. H. St. J. de Crèvecoeur Lett. from Amer. Farmer iv. 146 Nantucket is a great nursery of seamen, pilots, coasters, and bank-fishermen.
1867 Sporting Gaz. 2 Mar. 170/2 The bank fishermen [on the Thames] have been taking some good roach.
1883 J. W. Smith Winter Talk on Summer Pastimes 21/1 The bank fishermen salt their fish in bulk in the holds of the vessel.
1994 Acadiensis 23 13 North coast or south, inshore or bank fisherman, large merchant or small, full-fledged fish business or small-scale supply merchant—the whole traditional saltfish industry of Newfoundland was in a state of imminent collapse.
2013 J. Molloy Best Hikes near Columbus (Falcon Guides) iii. 31 The beach presents rewarding panoramas of the lake and is often used by bank fishermen.
bank fishery n. now historical a fishing operation, or the fishing industry as a whole, in the Grand Banks area off the coast of Newfoundland.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [noun] > sea-fishing > on bank
bank fishing1611
bank fishery1693
banking1794
1693 W. Anderton Remarks upon Present Confederacy 44 The Newfoundland and Bank Fishery suspended, if not lost, to the impoverishing of divers of our Port Towns.
1777 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Mrs. Stopford-Sackville (1910) II. 69 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 5038) XXXV. 675 Without a large force is sent out to me the bank fishery is at a stand.
1861 New Amer. Cycl. XII. 302/1 About..80 [vessels are employed] in the coast and bank fisheries.
2009 S. T. Cadigan Newfoundland & Labrador iii. 64 The remaining surplus labour appears to have stimulated an offshore bank fishery.
bank fishing n. (a) offshore fishing in an area characterized by large or numerous undersea banks, esp. the Grand Banks area off the coast of Newfoundland (now historical); (b) angling from the bank of a river, lake, etc., rather than from a boat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [noun] > sea-fishing > on bank
bank fishing1611
bank fishery1693
banking1794
1611 J. Guy Let. 16 May in S. Purchas Pilgrimes (1625) IV. x. vii. 1878 The commoditie that they may make by the banke fishing, as by the husbandry of the Land, besides the ordinary fishing.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 27/1 The bank fishing season, begins the 10th of May.
1823 W. F. Deacon Inn-keeper's Album 244 As the vast extent of the water rendered bank-fishing a vain employment, we had recourse to the Welch coracles.
1955 Bulletin (Bridgewater, Nova Scotia) 9 Mar. 9/2 A number of fishermen..have gone sealing out of Halifax, or engaged in bank fishing.
1990 Field Jan. 86/1 Both ends of the loch are shallow and good for both boat- and bank-fishing, but the outflow of the River Sorn is boggy and unfishable from the bank.
2007 G. A. Rose Cod 193 The French grip on the Avalon fishery was loosened during this conflict, but was not replaced by the Spanish or Portuguese as they were more interested in whales and bank fishing.
† bank-harbour n. Obsolete a harbour protected by banks of mud, sand, etc.
ΚΠ
1824 J. Evans Revision & Explan. Geogr. & Hydrogr. Terms 32 Again, some are sheltered from the fury of the open sea, by a bank of sand, mud, gravel, or shingle, which acts as a break-water, with a channel, or channels between; these we may call Bank-Harbours.
1883 H. Witcomb & E. Tiret Dict. Termes de Marine I. 51 Bank-harbour, shoaled-harbour.
bank head n. (a) the upper portion of the bank of a river, lake, etc.; (b) Mining the mouth of a pit or quarry (cf. sense 12).
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society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > mouth or top of mine or shaft
adit1602
bank head1645
mouth1702
bank1708
sough1747
pithead1839
brace1881
mouthing1883
1645 W. Lithgow True Relation Siege Newcastle 10 This being regardfully done, he caused to erect five Batteries, along the Bankhead.
1845 J. Begg in Statist. Acc. Edinburghshire 19 The stones from the mine or quarry were formerly carried to the bank-head by women with creels fastened on their backs.
1993 Equinox June 65/1 The first sight of the surface damage alone at Westray made several rescuers sick to their stomachs. ‘Everybody was just scared,’ says Doucette. ‘The whole bank head was totalled.’
2002 J. McManus in S. J. Jones & L. U. Frostick Sediment Flux to Basins 222/1 The growth and forward progression of the individual banks..was often aided by disposal of the sediments directly on to the bank head.
bank-high adj. (and adv.) (of a river or other watercourse) swollen up to the banks; also as adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [adjective] > full to the brink
bankfullc1600
bank-high1675
bank and bank1855
1675 J. Smith Christian Relig. Appeal ii. viii. 92 The holy Waters, that were but Ankle-deep, and ran in the middle of the Channel before, are made by Christ Bank-high, and Chin-deep.
1882 Daily Tel. 28 Oct. 2/4 Streams everywhere are bank high, and flooded.
1996 C. Thomas Holiday Angler in Wales iv. 58 When surrounding rivers are back to low water the Teifi will still be running bank-high, clear and fast, just like a chalk stream.
bank hook n. a large baited fishing hook attached by a line to the bank of a river, stream, etc.
ΚΠ
1675 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (ed. 2) Analysis sig. E6v/1 Taking of Eels... By Angle... With Bank-hooks.
1773 Brit. Chron. 8 Apr. On Saturday last, as Mr. James Crundy..was taking up some bank-hooks, he fell into the river Tame, near Nightford's Bridge, and was drowned.
2003 R. Garrison Everything Fishing Bk. xx. 252 Fishermen bait up bank hooks, trotlines, or jugs and then go back to camp and fish with rod and reel while waiting for a bite on the set hooks.
bank jug n. English regional (now historical) either of two warblers of the genus Phylloscopus which build domed nests, the willow warbler, P. trochilus, and the chiffchaff, P. collybita; cf. jug n.1 2.
ΚΠ
1848 A. B. Evans Leicestershire Words 3 Bankjug, ‘Nettle-creeper’, of the West of England, according to the description I have received from some: but seems rather to be one of the ‘Willow-wood Wrens’ Phyllo-pneuste Hippolais, or ‘Chiff-Chaff’, of Mac Gillivray.
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 26 Chiffchaff... Bank-bottle or -jug (Bedfordshire). From the shape and situation of its nest.
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 26 Willow Warbler... Names arising from peculiarities of the nest. a. Locality. Bank jug.
bank martin n. the sand martin, Riparia riparia.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Hirundinidae > genus Riparia (sand-martin)
bank martnet1544
western1553
bank swallow1633
water swallow1633
bank martin1668
sand martin1668
land-martin1674
shore-bird1676
sand-swallow1797
river swallow1817
shore swallow1869
1668 W. Charleton Onomasticon Zoicon 90 Hirundo Riparia..the Sand, or Bank Marten, or Western.
1774 G. White Let. 26 Feb. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 176 The bank-martin terebrates a round and regular hole in the sand or earth.
2014 Craven Herald (Nexis) 25 Jan. Our river banks were patrolled by American mink..virtually wiping out the harmless water rat..as well as water hens, coots, bank martins [etc.].
† bank martnet n. Obsolete rare = bank martin n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Hirundinidae > genus Riparia (sand-martin)
bank martnet1544
western1553
bank swallow1633
water swallow1633
bank martin1668
sand martin1668
land-martin1674
shore-bird1676
sand-swallow1797
river swallow1817
shore swallow1869
1544 W. Turner Avium Præcipuarum sig. F2 Tertium genus, quod in ripis nidulatur, Angli a bank martnet [printed martuet]..nominant.
1779 Comte de Buffon Hist. Nat. des Oiseaux VI. 632 Dans la basse Allemagne, speiren (c'est en Suisse le nom des martinets); en Anglois, a bank-martnet.
bank shot n. (a) Billiards, Snooker, and Pool a shot in which the cue or object ball is rebounded off a cushion, in order to alter its direction; (b) Basketball a shot in which the ball rebounds off the backboard; cf. bank v.1 5.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > billiards, pool, or snooker > [noun] > actions or types of play > type of stroke
hazard1674
carambole1775
carom1779
cannon1802
screw1825
sidestroke1834
following stroke1837
cannonade1844
five-stroke1847
follow1850
scratch1850
fluke1857
jenny1857
bank shot1859
angle shot1860
draw shot1860
six-stroke1861
run-through1862
spot1868
quill1869
dead-stroke1873
loser1873
push1873
push stroke1873
stab1873
stab screw1873
draw1881
force1881
plant1884
anchor cannon1893
massé1901
angle1902
cradle-cannon1907
pot1907
jump shot1909
carry-along1913
snooker1924
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > basketball > [noun] > goal > types of goal
bank shot1859
field goal1896
dunk shot1940
tap-in1948
dunk1957
tip-in1958
slam dunk1969
put-back1980
1859 N.Y. Herald 18 Aug. 3/1 Upon his thirteenth innings Mr. Phelan made a double bank shot, similar to Mr. Bird's, though not so difficult.
1890 J. F. B. McCleery McCleery Method Billiard Playing [75] Showing by a bank shot that the angles No. 2 bear at the same relation as the center of the table.
1910 G. N. Messer How to Play Basket Ball 11 A player should not attempt a bank shot unless directly underneath his basket.
1984 T. C. Boyle Budding Prospects (1985) iii. ii. 151 She seemed to enjoy humiliating us, neatly cracking down ball after ball, executing tricky bank shots and wicked side-pocket cuts.
2010 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 17 Feb. b3/2 A 12-foot bank shot..left the Hoosiers stunned... ‘I didn't think it was going in, he just freaking shot it up and glassed it.’
bank smack n. now historical a fishing smack used in bank fishing (bank fishing n. (a)).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > fishing vessel > [noun] > used in Newfoundland fisheries
banker1654
by-boat1698
chebacco-boat1823
Jack1845
bank smack1883
1883 Great Internat. Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 355 The fishery is carried on..in larger vessels, called bank-smacks.
1978 A. Fenton Northern Isles (1997) lxviii. 602 Larger boats from the Scottish Mainland were also taking up the long-line fishing from Shetland and many of the bank smacks found that longlining was of more profit than handlining.
bank swallow n. now chiefly North American the sand martin, Riparia riparia.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Hirundinidae > genus Riparia (sand-martin)
bank martnet1544
western1553
bank swallow1633
water swallow1633
bank martin1668
sand martin1668
land-martin1674
shore-bird1676
sand-swallow1797
river swallow1817
shore swallow1869
1633 J. Schröder Messis Medico-spagyrica 629/1 [Hirundo] Riparia, Wasser-schwalb, Bank-Swallow, or Water-Swallow.
1712 J. Morton Nat. Hist. Northants. vii. 426 The Sand Martin, Hirundo riparia, or the Bank Swallow, so call'd from its building in Holes in Banks.
1838 J. J. Audubon Ornithol. Biogr. IV. 595 In its general appearance..the Rough-winged Swallow is extremely similar to the Bank Swallow.
1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. III. 93/1 The Rough-winged Swallow is a much duller looking bird than the Bank Swallow.
2000 Guardian 19 June i. 16/7 Once again, linguistic differences caused confusion, as I called out sand martin (or as they know it, bank swallow).
bankstick n. Angling a spiked pole which is driven into a riverbank, etc., to support or secure a rod or other piece of tackle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > rod > [noun] > support for rod
fork1726
rest1726
rod rest?1881
bankstick1964
1964 T. Barnes Coarse Fishing for Absolute Beginners 32 Almost all keepnets are fitted with a bank-stick which screws on to a thread on the top ring of the net and is then pushed into the bank.
1998 Index Catal. Spring–Summer 265/2 2-rod 40-cm back rest plus 2 telescopic bank sticks and 2 screw-in rod rest heads.
2010 Coarse Fisherman Apr. 68/1 Looking more closely around the swims I noticed that there were six holes made from banksticks, three close to the water's edge, the others directly behind.
bank vole n. a common Eurasian red-backed vole, Myodes (formerly Clethrionomys) glareolus (family Cricetidae), which inhabits woodlands, hedgerows, and also riverbanks.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > superfamily Myomorpha (mouse, rat, vole, or hamster) > [noun] > family Microtidae > genus Clethrionomys (vole)
vole1805
bank vole1837
red-backed mouse1865
red-backed vole1880
wold-mouse1892
Orkney vole1904
1837 T. Bell Hist. Brit. Quadrupeds 330 (heading) Bank Vole. Arvicola pratensis. Baillon.
1960 M. Burton Wild Animals Brit. Isles 68 The bank vole is much more agile than the field vole, and not so much given to burrowing.
2006 C. Stringer Homo Britannicus iv. 153 Smaller mammals such as wood mouse, pygmy shrew, bank vole, common vole, water vole and beaver suggest rich vegetation, with rivers and ponds.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

bankn.2

Brit. /baŋk/, U.S. /bæŋk/
Forms: early Middle English boncke, Middle English bonke, Middle English banc, Middle English–1500s banck, 1500s bancke, 1500s–1600s banke, 1500s– bank.
Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymon: French banc.
Etymology: Apparently < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French banc (French banc ) long seat (11th cent.), market stall (12th cent.; compare bank n.3), seat of justice (12th cent.; also with reference to the King's Bench (a1307 or earlier) and the Common Bench (mid 14th cent. or earlier)), rank of rowers (1478), carpenter's workbench < post-classical Latin bancus (also banchus , bancum , (rare) banca ) bench, seat (11th cent.; frequently from 1141 in British sources), bench in law court, law court itself (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources) < a Germanic cognate of bench n. Compare also Middle French, French banque sales counter, financial institution (see bank n.3). Compare Old Occitan banc , banca , and also Catalan banc (14th cent.; also banca (15th cent.), Spanish banco (13th cent.; also banca (late 14th cent.), Portuguese banco (15th cent.; also banca (a1619), Italian banco , banca (both 14th cent.). Compare earlier bench n. and also bink n.The variation in gender in Latin, the Gallo-Romance languages, and Italian may reflect similar variation in the underlying Germanic base (see bench n.); compare e.g. the masculine and feminine uses of Middle Dutch banc and Middle High German banc (the gender of Old High German banc is unclear). In other Romance languages, the feminine forms are later and apparently secondary. With use with reference to courts of law (see sense 2) compare earlier bench n. 3. With Bank Royal compare post-classical Latin bancus regis (1245, 1419), bancus regius (1331, 1586), bancus regalis (15th cent.; all in British sources); also Anglo-Norman Banc le Rei (1275 or earlier; compare King's Bench n.). With Common Bank at sense 2 compare post-classical Latin bancus communis (frequently from 1327 in British sources) and Anglo-Norman commun banc (1315 or earlier). Compare also the rare Old English compound hobanca bench, couch ( < a first element of uncertain origin (perhaps hōh ho n.1 or hōc hook n.1) + Old English banca , a weak masculine (n -stem) derivative from the same Germanic base as bench n.):eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 62 Sponda, hobanca.
1. A long seat on which several people may sit, a bench; (also) †a platform or stage from which to speak (cf. mountebank n.) (obsolete). Cf. banquette n. 4. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > bench > [noun]
bencheOE
binkc1175
bankc1275
forma1387
sede1552
siege1566
bench seat1825
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12569 Þa spæc Angel þe king..And stod uppen ane boncke [c1300 Otho vp on benche].
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 145 (MED) Þe pacient..bounden vpon a banc [L. banchum], be þe dindime kut after þe lengþe.
1527 in N. Pocock Rec. Reformation (1870) I. xxvi. 54 Where was prepared a bancke with quyssons and carpets.
1558 in M. Cash Devon Inventories 16th & 17th Cent. (Devon & Cornwall Record Soc.) (1966) 2 A bank to syt by the fyer 10s.
1607 B. Jonson Volpone ii. ii. sig. D3v Fellowes, to mount a banke! Did your instructer..neuer discourse to you Of the Italian Montebankes? View more context for this quotation
1661 P. Heylyn Ecclesia Restavrata II. iii. 69 Twelve Levites standing on the bank or stage.
a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 59 (MED) A State-Quack, that mounts his Bank in some obscure Nook, and vapours what Cures he could do on the Body politic.
1855 Brit. Q. Rev. Oct. 350 The best house was prepared, a roaring fire lighted, and the wooden banks covered with comfortable bedding.
1875 A. Wood tr. E. Marlitt Second Wife I. ii. 34 No one could eat rare and dainty fruits on white deal tables, nor rest from some amusing game on a hard wooden bank or chair.
1937 J. Whatmough Found. Rom. Italy xii. 290 A miniature chamber-tomb..with an entrance on one side, and to the right of it a low bank or bench for the stretched-out body of the dead.
2. A seat of justice; = bench n. 3. in bank: sitting in court; in session. Bank Royal: the court of King's Bench. Common Bank: the Court of Common Pleas. Cf. also in banco adv. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > King's or Queen's Bench
King's Benchc1390
Bank Royalc1450
Upper Bench1649
Queen's Bench1665
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > place where court is held > [noun] > seat of judgement
doom-settlec1000
doom-stoola1250
benchc1300
bink?a1400
bankc1450
judgement seat1526
tribunala1530
justice seat1548
pew1558
chair1629
cushion1656
banc1689
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court for trial of civil cases
common courtc1400
Common Bench1414
Common Place?1433
Common Pleas1531
College of Justice1537
civil court1567
Common Bank1647
High Court1896
c1450 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 228 Fewe can ascape hit of the banck rialle.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 201 In þis ȝere [sc. 1392] þe bank and þe chauncelry was translate fro London to Ȝork.
1593 Order Keeping Court Leete & Court Baron sig. A2 There shall be a precept made by the Steward vnto the Bayliffe, to warne the Court by a reasonable time: that is to say..sixteene daies before, as it is in the Common Bancke.
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. lxvii. 262 Trials in the common bank or other Courts at Westminster.
1657 J. Howell Londinopolis 368 The Courts and Benches, or Banks of Justices.
1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 1109 General days in Bank in real Actions.
1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 277 Days in bank, dies in banco, days of appearance in the court of common pleas.
1873 Latter-day Saints' Millennial Star 11 Nov. 719 Punctual at the hour appointed the ‘boys’ appeared at the bank of justice.
1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. 656 Any four Justices may, either before or after judgement by a department, order a case to be heard in bank.
1984 Calif. Law Rev. 72 737 Republication was originally used by the court sitting in bank to adopt the opinion of one of its departments.
3. Chiefly historical.
a. A rank or tier of oars; used chiefly with reference to ancient galleys, which had several tiers one above another.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > rowing apparatus > [noun] > oar > rank or tier of oars
bank1553
1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. iv. f. 39v A Galley called Cinquereme, which had fiue oers in a bancke [L. quinqueremis].
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. i. §6. 350 One of the Carthaginian Gallies, of fiue bankes.
1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie iv. ii. sig. Nnnn2v Gallies with two Banks of Oars upon aside.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine A felucca is a strong passage-boat used in the Mediterranean, from ten to sixteen banks of oars.
1797 T. Holcroft tr. F. L. Stolberg Trav. (ed. 2) IV. xci. 67 Dionysius supplied his gallies with five banks of rowers.
1807 J. Robinson Archæol. Græca iv. xiii. 387 Several orders or banks of oars, which..being fixed at the back of each other, ascended gradually in the manner of stairs.
1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. vi. 165 They were excellent 'snekrs'..with double banks for twelve oars a-side.
1933 Mariner's Mirror 19 342/2 As to polyremes, I think that seven or five superimposed banks were the maximum ever built on this system.
2004 B. Bunch & A. Hellemans Hist. Sci. & Technol. 49/2 It [sc. the trireme] has three banks of oars, providing for 170 rowers in all, instead of two banks.
b. The bench occupied by the rowers of each oar in a galley.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > other parts of body of vessel > [noun] > seat in a boat > for rower(s)
thoftc1000
thawt1589
bank1595
thwart1736
oar-bench1856
zygon1888
1595 H. Roberts Lancaster his Allarums sig. B3v The Gally was finished..with ores, hauing 14 bankes on a side, a maste and sayle.
1599 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 169 The gally had..at euery banke or oare seuen men to rowe.
1625 P. Heylyn Μικρόκοσμος (rev. ed.) 783 The Ægyptians..invented the Galley of two bankes on a side.
1687 B. Randolph Present State Archipel. 54 Every time that they tugg the oar they rise with their bodys, and fall back on the banks.
1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. ii. 224 Their Galeot (which had but eighteen Banks on a side).
1855 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Aeneid v, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 384 Awake, My men, and take your seats upon the banks.
1906 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 26 p. xxxix For the last two centuries it has been generally agreed that Scaliger and Palmerius had proved that the banks or benches were superposed, giving horizontal rows of oars.
2011 M. Pitassi Rom. Warships ii. 36 ‘Bank’ (in this context) means the number of men pulling the same oar and sitting on the same bank or bench; so ‘double-banked’ means two men to the same oar.
4. A bench, table, or work surface used in various trades; (Printing) one on which sheets of paper are laid before or after printing. Now rare and historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > miscellaneous printers' equipment > [noun] > table for sheets of paper
bank1565
1565 Act 8 Eliz. xi. §4 The same Cap [shall] be first well scoured and closed, upon the Bank.
1840 Amer. Masonic Reg. 28 Nov. 102/3 We sincerely wish him a larger share of quoin (coin) than either he or ourselves, are likely to realize from a printer's ‘bank’.
1867 Notes & Queries 30 Nov. 432 When a man is about to work a block of stone, he places it upon a stool or stout table..termed a ‘bank.’
1921 Amer. Printer 20 Sept. 49/2 Pieces from six to eighteen inches in length are kept standing on an inclined bank set aside for this purpose.
1972 L. Collins & D. Lapierre O Jerusalem! ii. xiii. 177 His one remaining eye bolstered by a magnifying glass, he would be back at his printer's bank in time to set in place the blocks of type announcing the birth of a Jewish state.
†5. A shelf. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > stand > [noun] > shelf
skelf1396
shelfc1405
tack1446
binkc1520
bank1574
bracket1635
hanging shelf1726
wall-plat1841
pluteus1895
1574 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Familiar Epist. 195 A banke [Sp. vanco] of olde bookes.
6.
a. A set or array of similar items, pieces of equipment, etc., or of people, grouped together, typically in rows or tiers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > [noun] > a line or row > of things of the same kind
series1611
bank1777
1777 J. Strutt Chron. Eng. I. iv. 294 Two other banks or rows [of tents], which begin at the same straight line with the horse,..and terminate at the other end of the camp.
1841 Missionary Herald (Boston) Mar. 102/2 The walls against which the banks of seats rested, could not be less than fifteen feet thick at the top.
1845 J. P. Durbin Observ. in East II. xx. 158 After coffee in the evening the mistress came in, drew aside a curtain from a large bank of shelves, and took from thence soft and clean mattresses, coverlets, and pillows, with which she made us such beds.
1886 N.Y. Times 7 Mar. 7/1 The banks of spectators ranged around the building.
1937 Life 13 Sept. 59/2 (caption) The shadow of the elephant and rider is thrown on the bank of photocells in the projection room.
1982 A. Road Doctor Who: Making of TV Series 13/1 Peter Moffatt prefers to preside from the gallery, where he can see from the bank of monitors before him the alternative pictures available at any moment.
1994 Computing 4 Aug. 28/4 Today, the 1970s image of dedicated banks of console-watchers is seen as a prime example of poor job definition and evaluation, with computing staff becoming the ‘intelligent slaves’ of a cumbersome, monolithic processing system.
2007 A. Theroux Laura Warholic i. 16 Eyestones crossed to the editor's office, making sure as he passed the bank of switches by the stairs to put out the lights in descending order.
b. An array of separate lights arranged in rows or tiers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > artificial light defined by light-source > electric light > [noun] > rows of
bank1884
1884 Weekly News (Frederick, Maryland) 11 Sept. That of his exhibit which will probably attract the most attention is the bank of lamps occupying the centre of the platform.
1935 Discovery Apr. 111/1 ‘Drifting’ news signs, in which a series of letters is caused to drift across the face of a bank of lamps.
1958 Times 24 Sept. 13/4 A huge bank of lights dominates this rebuilt sound stage.
2008 J. Lethem in New Yorker 17 Nov. 98/1 Everything went swimmingly..until the last time we switched off the central-core light banks, ten days ago now, and they wouldn't come back on.
c. Telephony. A component of a switchboard consisting of a series of fixed contacts, each contact providing a connection to a different line or trunk.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telephony > telephone equipment > [noun] > exchange > exchange equipment
private line1852
bank1884
call-disc1884
howler1886
trunk1889
multiple switchboard1891
rack1893
line switch1898
heat coil1900
relay rack1902
multiple1905
listening key1906
telharmonium1906
wiper1906
preselector1912
line finder1922
rank1924
routiner1928
keysender1929
uniselector1930
wiper arm1933
1884 U.S. Patent 292,912 1/1 A bank of switch bars or strips, such as is commonly used for directly connecting the several subscribers' lines.
1968 E. H. Jolley Introd. Teleph. & Telegr. viii. 232/2 The subscribers' lines are multiplied over the bank of contacts of the line-finders so that each subscriber's line appears on each line-finder.
1983 J. L. Fike et al. Understanding Telephone Electronics i. 29 This moves a selecting finger up or down to allow either an upper or lower bank of horizontal contacts to complete a circuit to the vertical contacts.
7. A rack for holding bobbins of cotton, yarn, or other fibre in rows, esp. in weaving.
ΚΠ
1807 J. Duncan Pract. & Descriptive Ess. Art of Weaving: Pt. I i. 10 The number of bobbins which are to form the warp, are placed in the bobbin frame or bank, so that every thread may unwind from the upper part of the bobbin.
1895 R. Marsden Cotton Weaving viii. 262 In some cases the creel or bank in which the ring bobbins are mounted is furnished with ring spindles arranged at a slight angle from the horizontal position.
1903 Jrnl. Federation Insurance Inst. 132 The bobbins take up less space on the ‘bank’ than spools, which is of importance when a very broad piece is to be woven.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 716/1 A certain number of bobbins, depending upon the capacity of the machine, are placed in a bank, and the ends are collected and passed under a roller which is immersed in hot starch.
1967 H. U. Ahmed Jute Weaving ii. 20 The bank or magazine can be filled with spools while machine is running.
2012 U. S. Patent US20120276358 A1 3/1 Method & Syst. for Manufacturing Foamed Polyolefin Tapes... The term ‘line speed’ refers to the take-up speed of the yarn on the bobbins in a winder bank.
8.
a. Each of a number of rows of keys on a keyboard instrument, esp. an organ; = manual n. 5a. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > keyboard
fingerboard1799
bank1822
manual1852
M1904
1822 Euterpeiad 8 June 47/2 It is a powerful instrument, containing thirteen stops, a swell and two banks of keys.
1884 Harper's Mag. July 272/1 What an organist would call a ‘bank’ of ivory keys.
1905 Christian Work & Evangelist 15 July 83/2 The tone of a three or five bank organ is much better, richer, fuller, more sympathetic, and harmonious.
1939 Hopewell (New Jersey) Herald 31 May 2/1 The harpsichord has two banks of keys. The tone is produced by the plucking of the strings by quills or leather points.
b. A row of keys on a typewriter.The more usual term is row.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > typing > typewriter > [noun] > set of keys > row of keys
bank1875
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2677/1 The Sholes type-writer..is about the size of the sewing-machine, and is worked with keys arranged in four banks or rows.
1959 Chambers's Encycl. XIV. 66/2 The keyboard had four straight rows, or ‘banks’, of eleven keys each.
1993 Economist 3 Apr. 111/1 The moderates wish to adapt the banks of keys on today's typewriters so they cause less harm.
9. Glass-making. A raised surface in a furnace surrounding a circular fire grate or bordering a linear one on both sides, on which crucible pots may be placed. Cf. siege n. 5a.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > glass-making furnaces > specific areas
fine-arch1816
pot arch1819
bank1828
siege1839
glass-oven1875
1828 S. F. Gray Operative Chemist 556 The bottle glass furnace... The grate is in the middle, and on each of the long sides is a bank a foot high and three wide, upon each of which a couple of pots are placed.
1879 Encycl. Brit. X. 658/2 The ‘cave’ or air canal is seen at k; n is the fire-grate..; and a is the bank or siege with the position of the pots indicated.
1892 Paint, Oil & Drug Rev. 15 June 16/1 Around this grate the melting pots are symmetrically arranged upon the so-called bank in the furnace.
1996 U.S. Patent 5,536,291 1/2 In a furnace for melting glass, a preheating zone, a melting zone, a refining zone with a refining bank raised above the rest of the floor and a homogenizing zone, are arranged lengthwise.
10. Chiefly English regional (Staffordshire). A pottery. Cf. pot-bank n. at pot n.1 Compounds 2. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > place where specific things are made > [noun] > pottery
pottery1480
pothouse1673
potwork1681
piggery1818
mug-house1841
bank1843
pot-bank1888
1843 G. Dodd in Penny Mag. May 204/1 Pottery works..known technically as ‘banks’.
1880 C. M. Mason Forty Shires 156 Each manufactory [of pottery] is called a ‘bank’.
1902 A. Bennett Anna of Five Towns iii. 61 What's amiss with this bank is that it wants pullin' down.
1917 Pottery, Glass & Brass Salesman 22 Feb. 15/2 In Staffordshire a pottery is called a bank or potbank.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bankn.3

Brit. /baŋk/, U.S. /bæŋk/
Forms: late Middle English–1600s banke, 1500s–1600s bancke, 1500s– bank, 1600s banck, 1600s banque; also Scottish pre-1700 banckis (plural), pre-1700 1700s– bank.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French banc, banque.
Etymology: < Middle French banc moneylender's counter (15th cent.; 12th cent. in Old French in sense ‘market stall’; specific use of banc bench: see bank n.2) and its feminine variant Middle French, French banque financial institution (1458; earlier in sense ‘kind of sales counter’ (1376)), (in games of chance) amount of money held centrally (1680), showing change of gender after Italian banca financial institution (also banco ), specific use of banca , banco market stall, counter, money changer's table (see bank n.2). Compare (with reference to finance) Catalan banc , Spanish banco (16th cent.; with reference to gambling also banca ), Portuguese banco (1446). Compare also Middle Dutch banc market stall, money changer's table (Dutch bank , now chiefly in sense ‘financial institution’ (17th cent.)), Middle Low German bank money changer's table, Middle High German banc market stall, money changer's table (German Bank , now chiefly in sense ‘financial institution’ (1399 with reference to Venice)), all specific uses of the respective cognates of bench n., after Italian and French. Compare post-classical Latin bancus, banca (also banchus, bancha) market stall (1086 in a British source; 12th cent. in continental sources), money changer's stall or office (1337; from 1443 in British sources).The French and Italian words discussed above only denote the establishment itself (branch I.), not the stock of money kept by it (branch II.): with sense 3a compare Italian monte amount, stock (see mount n.1); compare later mount n.1 7. With use with reference to charitable stocks (sense 1c) compare Italian monte di pietà Monte di Pietà n. and (later) French mont de piété Mont de Piété n.; compare later Mount of Piety n. In extended use with reference to computer memory (sense 7) compare earlier memory bank n. at memory n. Compounds 2 and also bank switching n.
I. A financial establishment.
1.
†a. The shop, office, or place of business of a money changer or moneylender. Cf. banker n.2 1a, 1b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > [noun] > money-dealer's establishment
bank1474
money shop1816
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iv. 113 Ther was a..chaungeour..And..on a tyme..a man cam to hym and said & affermed that he had delyueryd in to his banke .v. honderd floryns of gold to kepe [Fr. quil luy auoit baille cinq cents florins dor en garde et en depot].
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke xix. 23 Wherfore then gavest not thou my money into the banke [Gk. τράπεζα; Wyclif, borde; Coverdale, exchaunge Banke]?
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Bancke of exchaunge, Argentaria.
1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. 21 Exchangers of Money made the temple to be the market and the banke.
b. The table or counter of a money changer or moneylender. Chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > money-changing > money changer's establishment > table or counter
bank1567
counter1688
1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. v. iii. §10.519 Christe ouerthrewe the Exchangers bankes: Meaninge thereby, that there maie be no coine in the Churche, but onely Spiritual.
1587 D. Fenner Def. Godlie Ministers sig. Oiv Christ ouerthrew the exchaungers banckes.
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Banco, a bench, a marchants banke, or counting house, a counter.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Banque, a banke, where money is let out to use: or lent, or returned by exchange: also, the table whereon such money is told.
1846 T. Arnold Hist. Rome II. xxvii. 72 These established their banks or tables in the forum, like ordinary bankers.
1935 Econ. Hist. Rev. 6 73 The consuls ordered that no one should change money (cambiare) in the city on tables or banks..except under certain conditions.
1970 A. E. Harvey Compan. New Test. 173 At least at one time of year (a short period..before the Passover), these money-changers were officially permitted to have their tables (or banks) inside the temple precincts.
c. A pawnbroking establishment set up to provide loans to the poor at low interest; spec. (in Italy and France) = Mount of Piety n. Also: a fund used to set up and maintain such an establishment (cf. sense 3b). Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > loan > loan-fund
bank1572
loan-fund1835
1572 T. Wilson Disc. Vsurye f. 99 There are in Italy, Montes pietatis, that is to say, mountes or bankes of charitye, places where great summes of moneye are by legacies geuen, for reliefe of the poore, to borowe vpon gages.
1646 J. Benbrigge Vsvra Accommodata 3 For their [sc. the poor's] rescue may be collected Mons pietatis, sive charitatis, a Banke of piety or charity..a certaine summe of money, or things..which is laid up for the reliefe of the poore, either by one rich man, or by many.
1659 G. Torriano Florio's Vocabolario Italiano & Inglese Monte di pietà, a publick stock or bank maintained for the relief of the poor, where pawns may be taken.
1664 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders (new ed.) i. sig. d6 A Bank of Loane in that part of the Suburbs of this Great City.
1735 W. Pardon Dyche's New Gen. Eng. Dict. Lombar or Lombard, a Bank or Place where Money is let out upon Usury and Pawns.
1890 W. Booth In Darkest Eng. ii. v. 215 The very name (Mount of Piety) shows that the Poor Man's Bank is regarded as anything but an objectionable institution across the Channel.
2010 S. Zamagni in D. K. Finn True Wealth of Nations iii. 65 Leo X's bull Inter multiplices (1515) finally cleared away all doubt as to the legitimacy of charging interest on the loans of the Monte di Pietà pledge banks.
2.
a. An institution that invests money deposited by customers or subscribers, typically pays interest on deposits, and usually offers a range of other financial services, including making payments when required by customers, making loans at interest, and exchanging currency; a building occupied by such an institution.Frequently with modifying word indicating the model by which capital was originally subscribed, or the type of clients served or financial services provided, as clearing bank, commercial bank, investment bank, joint-stock bank, merchant bank, private bank, reserve bank, retail bank, savings bank, universal bank, wholesale bank, etc.: see the first element. See also Bank of England n. at Phrases 3c, central bank n. at central adj. Compounds.The sense in some of the early examples is unclear, and may be closer to that of sense 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank
bank1482
banker's shop1565
Lombard1609
mount1622
money banka1628
cantore1673
banking housec1770
jug1845
1482 in J. D. Marwick Charters Edinb. (1871) 155 To compere in quhatsumeuer banckis of Rome, Venys, Florence, Brugis, or ony vtheris quhatsumeuer.
1483 Promisse of Matrimonie We shalle..make the felisship and felowes of the banke de Medicys..laufully to be bounden for the sayd fyfty thousand scutes.
?a1525 (?a1475) Play Sacrament l. 259 I prey þe rychely araye myn hall As owyth for a marchant of the banke.
1601 G. de Malynes Treat. Canker Englands Commonw. ii. 23 Peter hath two thousand ducats in the Banke... Peter hath occasion to pay vnto Iohn one thousand ducats, he goeth to the Bankers..and requireth them to pay one thousand ducats vnto Iohn, whereupon they presently make Peter debter for one thousand ducats, and Iohn creditour for the same summe.
1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 11 Having one son at Venice, one at Noremberge, one at Hamburgh, and one at Dantzick, where Banks are, I desire four Tickets of Credit, each of them for a Thousand pounds.
1696 W. Killigrew Proposal 15 Under the Security of the Government, Men will not be lyable to such Losses, as has been by Private Banks.
1739 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. (ed. 2) III. 264 The bank of all Greece, which he had sent for from Delos.
1786 R. Burns Poems 88 I might, by this, hae..strutted in a Bank and clarket My Cash-Account.
1833 H. Martineau Berkeley the Banker i. vii. 132 A carrier had left the market early to elbow his way into the bank.
1850 J. G. Saxe Poems 124 Always abundance of gold in the Banks.
1875 W. S. Jevons Money xx. 254 Let us suppose that there is a town which is able to support two banks.
1937 H. Jennings et al. May 12th Mass-observ. Day-surv. ii. 396 At lunch time I oiled my tramping boots; and on my way back to the office I drew some money from the bank.
1977 J. Rosenthal Spend, Spend, Spend in Bar Mitzvah Boy & Other Television Plays (1987) 195 Anyroad, I called into the bank for some money..and I got a bloody lecture.
2013 City A.M. 28 Aug. 2/4 In the financial crisis the chairman of a US bank had no option but to ask the government for a bailout.
b. With the and capital initial: (in England and Wales) = Bank of England n. at Phrases 3c.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank > other specific banks
bank1694
Bank of England1694
Reichsbank1874
Threadneedle Street1924
Eurobank1961
1694 Some Considerations against Continuance Bank of Eng. 1 The Bank is only subservient to the Benefit of a few, with a direct Tendency to the subversion of Trade, and the impoverishing all Ranks and Degrees of Men besides themselves.
1710 J. Broughton Vindic. & Advancement National Constit. & Credit ii. 39 The Bank has a Power of discounting Bills of Exchange; which they have done at 4 per Cent. to creditable Merchants, especially those well known to them.
1786 Daily Universal Reg. 4 Feb. 2/4 The two millions which the Bank lent the Government for the prolonging of the Charter, becomes due next year.
1816 G. Morris Let. 28 Oct. in D. Palk Prisoners' Lett. to Bank of Eng. 1781–1827 (2007) 211 I hope and trust the Bank will comply with My request in permeting them [sc. my wife and children] to acompany Me to my destiney in the same Ship.
1881 H. H. Gibbs Double Standard 69 The result would really be..that the Bank would always hold both Silver and Gold bullion.
1952 H. Macmillan Diary 1 Mar. (2003) 148 To have nearly £3000m ‘at call’ and to have some of the huge debt by the Bank to its customers funded, is an impossible position.
2012 Daily Tel. 10 Feb. 1/1 The Bank announced yesterday that it was injecting another £50 billion into the economy to try to avoid a double-dip recession.
II. An amount or stock of money.
3.
a. A sum of money, an amount. Now rare.In quot. 1878: a batch of paper money.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun]
sumc1300
sumc1300
so muchc1384
quantity1405
sum in gross (also in great)1421
summa?a1425
amount1450
sold1513
bankc1530
quantum1602
cash1677
amt.1744
figure1842
a bit1894
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > [noun] > batch of
bankc1530
c1530 A. Barclay Egloges i. sig. Eiv Whan shall I..some lytell banke procure That from the bagge and staffe myn age may besure.
1652 R. Brome Joviall Crew i. sig. B3v Cash: which added Unto your former Banck, makes up in all..Twelve thousand and odd pounds.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 502 He had got a great bank of money to be prepared.
1758 J. Blake Plan Marine Syst. 68 The..payments will constitute a bank, or nest egg.
1878 F. A. Walker Money xv. 319 In 1738 a Bank of £100,000 was issued with new provisions for securing the interest of the mortgages.
1994 Occup. Outlook Handbk. (U.S. Dept. Labor) 235/1 The drawer contains a ‘bank’ of money. Cashiers must count their bank to insure that it contains the correct amount of money and that there is an adequate supply of change.
b. spec. A sum of money upon which to draw, esp. a fund for disbursement for a particular purpose. Now somewhat rare.Sometimes with reference to a fund created from contributions; cf. sense 4. With the sense ‘a fund used for relief of the poor’ in quots. 1559, 1834 cf. sense 1c.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] > set apart for a purpose
box1389
packa1393
stock1463
bank1559
fund1660
fond1664
nest-egg1801
money fund1860
cookie jar1936
1559 J. Yonge in MS Laud Misc. 683 (title) A discourse of John Yonge gentleman for a Bancke of money to be established for the releef of the comon necessitie.
1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. xxiv. 225 S. Paul finds a constant bank for Ministers Maintenance lockt up in a Ceremoniall Law.
1665 S. Bing in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) IV. 24 To extend your charity to the outrunning the bank you honoured me with.
1834 J. Allen On Church Prop. 8 The tithes and oblations of every parish are to be considered as a common Bank, out of which the expenses of religious worship and instruction, and the relief of the necessitous ought to be defrayed.
1906 Elem. School Teacher Jan. 251 They agreed to put the income into a common bank, the money to be used in buying some of the seeds for next year's garden.
2010 C. Edwards in C. O. Trouth & M. Wagner Universal Healthcare Probl. U.S.A. iii. 26 The primary care doctors are given, by some companies a bank of money to take care of their patients and they can spend it how they want.
c. U.S. colloquial. Without article: large amounts of money; a fortune. Frequently to make bank.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > large sum
pounda1225
ransom?a1300
fother14..
gob1542
mint1579
king's ransomc1590
abomination1604
coda1680
a pretty (also fine, fair, etc.) penny1710
plunk1767
big money1824
pot1856
big one?1863
a small fortune1874
four figures1893
poultice1902
parcel1903
bundle1905
pretty1909
real money1918
stack1919
packet1922
heavy sugar1926
motza1936
big bucks1941
bomb1958
wedge1977
megadollars1980
squillion1986
bank1995
1995 Inline July 10/1 (caption) Speedskater Patrick Quinn..is now back in the Big Apple making bank for this winter's racing.
2005 M. M. Frisby Wifebeater xxx. 218 Deep down I knew that her picking him over me was a major possibility on the strength that he was a popular football player with major bank.
2013 C. Doctorow Homeland x. 201 Fireguard..immediately began to make major bank by taking U.S. Army contracts to guard Halliburton supply convoys in Iraq and Afghanistan.
†4. A fund created for commercial purposes from the contributions of many; a joint stock or capital. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > large sum > made up of many contributions
bank1625
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) xli. 245 Let it be no Banke or Common Stocke, but euery Man be Master of his owne Money.
1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 20 They advance trade wheresoever they come; with the banks of money.
1720 South-sea Scheme Detected 17 Ought not these Men to have had a constant Reserve, and Bank of Money, for the Support of the Credit of their Stock by Buying?
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 129 We are afraid to put men to live and trade each on his own private stock of reason; because we suspect that this stock in each man is small, and that the individuals would do better to avail themselves of the general bank and capital of nations, and of ages. View more context for this quotation
5. In games of chance and some board games: an amount or pile of money held centrally, or by a player who plays against all the others, e.g. the proprietor of the gaming table; (also) the person holding the bank in some gambling or board games; the banker. Cf. to break the bank at break v. 11a.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > [noun] > bank
bank1706
cagnotte1928
1706 A. Pope Basset-table in Lady M. W. Montagu et al. Court Poems 7 When Kings, Queens, Knaves, are set in decent Rank; Expos'd in Glorious Heaps the Tempting Bank.
1731 Daily Jrnl. 9 Jan. 1/3 Two Crowpees, who watch the cards, and gather the money for the bank.
c1750 H. Walpole in Harper's Mag. July (1884) 258/1 He saw neither the bank nor his own cards.
1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xviii. 177 He had seen his friend..lose eighteen thousand at a sitting, and break the bank three nights running at Paris.
1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind vii. 175 It is certainly playing against the bank.
1882 W. Ballantine Some Exper. Barrister's Life iv. 52 The principal game played was hazard, of which there were two kinds: French hazard, in which the players staked against the bank, and English, or chicken hazard, in which they played against each other.
1920 I. A. R. Wylie Holy Fire & Other Stories ix. 291 The rustle of gold and paper as it was swept into the bank's rapacious maw.
1935 G. Parker Rules Game of Monopoly The Banker preferably uses for the Bank a small side-table placed at his elbow and the Game Box, or a good sized container.
1970 T. Lilley Projects Section xvii. 232 In Russian Poker..three players play against the fourth—the banker—and the bank changes after every fourth deal.
1997 J. Feather Diamond Slipper xiii. 199 The king held the bank. ‘We play high, Princess,’ he warned with a jocular smile.
III. Extended uses.
6.
a. A stock or repository of something immaterial, esp. one which may be called upon when required. In early use frequently in figurative contexts with reference to the financial senses.
ΚΠ
a1626 F. Bacon Advt. Holy Warre in Certaine Misc. Wks. (1629) 85 A Resolution..to spend my Time wholly in Writing, And to put forth that poore Talent, or halfe Talent, or what it is, that God hath giuen me..to Banks, or Mounts of Perpetuity, which will not breake.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 543 As affliction is a furnace, so is it a banque: Job had twice as much after he had lost all as before.
1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. 110 The talent which God hath intrusted to us in the banks of nature and grace.
1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther 9 Faith is the best ensurer of thy bliss; The Bank above must fail before the venture miss.
1694 R. South 12 Serm. II. 540 Pardons and Indulgences..out of the Common Bank and Treasury of the Church.
1704 E. Arwaker Embassy from Heaven 5 Is not thy Bank of Blessings yet dismay'd, To Lend, where so unthankfully Repaid?
1853 M. L. Byrn Repository Wit & Humor 306 A sum whose value none could ever prove; A counterfeit upon the bank of love!
1920 Science 23 Apr. 417/1 Surely no one will deny to those who have made such solid experimental deposits in the bank of knowledge the right to speculate a bit.
1989 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 14 Sept. 1 He is putting his hours of leave in the bank... One day he will collect.
2008 Chicago Tribune 4 Feb. (Midwest Final ed.) iii. 2/4 I try to share knowledge as much as I can but I don't think of it as a ‘favor bank’ in which knowledge is exchanged tit for tat.
b. A pool of people whose skills, services, etc., may be drawn upon when required; spec. a reserve pool of staff (esp. nursing and secretarial staff within a hospital) who can be called upon on a casual basis to cover absences and staff shortages. Often as the second element of compounds, and frequently attributive, esp. in the context of hospital staff (see Compounds 2).In quot. 1880 in figurative context with reference to sense 2a.
ΚΠ
1880 Jrnl. Educ. Oct. 227/1 A single central institution for scientific research..would not impoverish the Universities, but constitute a bank, on which they could draw for professors.
1968 Impact of Commuter Aliens along Mexican & Canad. Borders (U.S. Sel. Comm. W. Hemisphere Immigration) II. 168 We maintain a bank of people by skills who are available for work and we make this offer to business but to no avail.
1974 Observer 3 Mar. 31/2 The idea of setting up nurse ‘banks’ to fit in the irregular availability of married nurses has gained momentum since it was first tried out in the East Birmingham hospital a year or so ago.
1999 Folkestone Herald 7 Jan. 38/1 (advt.) Did you know you can register with Maidstone Hospital's staff bank?
2001 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 16 July 32 A full induction programme will be provided for new recruits to the secretarial bank.
c. A stock of something held for use in an emergency or shortage, or for general charity or aid purposes; an organization or institution administering such a stock. Usually as the second element in compounds.Recorded earliest in food bank n. at food n. Compounds 2. See also milk bank n. at milk n.1 and adj. Compounds 3a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > storage > [noun] > that which is stored or a store
store1487
store1520
reserving1530
staple1549
forestore1556
conserve1586
budget1597
magazine1615
stock1638
stowaway1913
dump1915
bank1918
stockpile1942
1918 McClure's Mag. Dec. 35/2 Surely, even though the food needs of our army and our Allies grow greater, for every measure of food needed.., we can put by an extra measure..for the food bank.
1952 Manch. Guardian 16 Oct. 4 Those most practical philanthropists the Women's Voluntary Services are starting a clothing bank.
1961 Times of India 1 June 8/5 If..machine and tool banks are established,..between them the institutions can service the needs of the rapidly growing enterprises using their machines and tools.
2013 S. L. Barnes Live Long & Prosper 6 Many black churches sponsor programs such as food and clothing banks, economic assistance, employment training, and housing subsidies.
d. Originally U.S. A laboratory storing blood, cells, tissues, or organs for transfusion, transplantation, etc. Often as the second element of compounds.Recorded earliest in blood bank n. at blood n. Compounds 5.gene bank, organ bank, sperm bank, etc.: see the first element.
ΚΠ
1936 Ames (Iowa) Daily Tribune-Times 4 Jan. 2/1 (headline) ‘Blood bank’ is new development.
1938 Life 28 Feb. 33/2 The bank maintains a positive balance of blood.
1944 Reader's Digest 45 25 (title) Banks for human ‘spare parts’.
1963 Times 16 Feb. 9/2 We must be prepared for the day when ‘banks’ of different organs..will be integral parts of all major hospitals.
1992 L. Niven & S. Barnes Calif. Voodoo Game xxv. 233 Dr. Reeves performed a standard tissue-typing for the transplant banks.
2004 Independent 19 May 21/1 The world's first human stem cell bank officially opens today.
7. Computing. A group of units of memory that a computer has access to; (also) a socket on a computer's motherboard which accommodates random-access memory.Earliest in bank switching n. Cf. also memory bank n. at memory n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > memory > position of > set of
block1948
page1948
bank1953
array1957
stack1960
vector1961
1953 W. A. Hosier 4 Alternative Proposals for Accommodating 64 x 64 Memory in MTC (M.I.T. Project Whirlwind Memorandum M-2361) 1 Division of Memory into 32 x 32 quadrants selected by bank-switching instruction.
1963 Proc. Pacific Computer Conf. 237/2 The only complication which can arise concerns operations with functions stored on two different banks.
1983 Austral. Microcomputer Mag. Dec. 26/3 Memory is managed as 9 64K-byte banks.
2012 K. Lindros PC Basics ii. 32 With all banks populated, you would not be able to add additional memory without taking some out.
8. British. A site or receptacle where certain used items may be deposited for recycling. Also with modifying word.Recorded earliest in bottle bank n. at bottle n.3 Compounds 8. See also paper bank n. (b) at paper n. and adj. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [noun] > re-use > collection point for reusable materials
bank1977
bottle bank1977
1977 Grocer 27 Aug. 7/1 (heading) Bottle banks start.
1985 Guardian 6 Nov. 25/2 Ever wonder what happens to these banks? In fact it seems recycling bottles has become one of Britain's boom industries.
1992 InterCity Mag. Feb. 7/1 A scheme whereby cans sold on the St Pancras to Sheffield route will end up in a can recycling bank.
2012 Tamworth Herald (Nexis) 26 Apr. 48 The Pear Tree Avenue re-cycling area now has an extra small bank for recycling unwanted electrical items such as irons, toasters, DVD players.., and electric toothbrushes.

Phrases

P1. Phrases with in.
a. in bank: in or at a bank or the bank. Also figurative: in store.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [phrase] > in a or the bank
in bank1527
the mind > possession > supply > storage > in store [phrase]
in storec1386
in bank1646
1527 Statutes Prohemium Iohannis Rastell (new ed.) f. cli In a wryt of meane at the distres days shalbe gyffyd within the whych .ii. countes shalbe holdyn with proclamacion that the meane lord may come at the day in bank.
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes (1850) ii. xi. i. 387 He which sheweth mercy to the poore doth lay his money in banke to the Lord.
1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo ii. xi. 335 The paiments by assignement in Banke without handling of moneys.
1646 D. Evance Noble Order 13 The benefits..in hand, besides the blessings that are in banck.
a1747 S. Cibber Let. in D. Garrick Private Corr. (1831) I. 50 She is the greatest coquet in England, and has half-a-dozen husbands in bank, in case of your death.
1753 Scots Mag. May 214/1 The young man has the balance in bank.
1844 Knickerbocker 23 14 [She] claimed..among her chattels sundry shares in bank.
1863 O. P. Morton 9 Jan. in Documents Gen. Assembly Indiana I. ii. 19 The Agent having no means of safekeeping the money remitted to him,..deposits it in bank.
1902 O. Wister Virginian xxiii. 273 Take my land away to-morrow, and I'd still have my savings in bank.
1999 R. W. Scarlata in T. L. West & J. D. Jones Handbk. Business Valulation viii. 79 It does not include cash in bank (working capital to be funded by buyer), accounts receivable, or other current assets.
b. in the Bank: (of a commercial bank) under obligation after borrowing from the Bank of England. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > [adverb] > requiring assistance from Bank of England
in the Bank1930
1930 M. Clark Home Trade xxix. 234 In the language of the Money Market, money becomes tight and, maybe, the loans available from the banks are insufficient to go round. Then the assistance of the Bank of England is sought and the Money Market is said to be ‘in the Bank’.
1955 Times 30 June 16/7 Credit was tighter in Lombard Street yesterday, and one or two houses were ‘in the Bank’ for a very small amount.
1956 Oxf. Econ. Papers 8 249 To bid for bills at less than Bank Rate in a period when it is in the Bank practically all of the time.
c. in the bank: already acquired; safely held. Cf. in the bag at bag n. 18f, money in the bank at money n. Phrases 2a(o).
ΚΠ
1941 N.Y. Times 23 Feb. s5/1 The chief contenders will be N. Y. U., which has 5 points in the bank with Leslie MacMitchell; Penn State, Penn, Princetown, Pitt and Fordham.
1986 New Yorker 30 June 22/1 Many of the changes predicted for the coming years appear to be ‘already in the bank’.
1992 Boxing News 11 Sept. 12/4 With the title safely in the bank he could have been excused a safety-first final round.
2000 C. Donaldson Skydive vii. 83/1 The recent intermediate sky-diver, with the basic skills safely ‘in the bank’.
2005 Rowing News May 77/1 The fact that the U.S. men are starting out on a four-year project with a gold medal in the bank is great but to be honest I think it makes it harder.
P2. to laugh (also to cry and variants) all the way to the bank: to relish (also ironically to deplore) the fact that one is making money, esp. undeservedly or at the expense of others; (in weakened sense) to make a lot of money easily.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > get or make money [verb (intransitive)] > make profit > profiteer
to rob the spittle1632
to rob the spital1749
to laugh (also to cry and variants) all the way to the bank1908
profiteer1917
1908 F. H. Smith Peter xviii. 48 Some of them heard Mason laugh all the way to the bank. He's cleaned up half a million and gone back home.
1946 Waterloo (Iowa) Daily Courier 3 Sept. 13 Eddie Walker perhaps is the wealthiest fight manager in the game..The other night when his man Belloise lost, Eddie had the miseries..He felt so terrible, he cried all the way to the bank!
1959 Times 9 June 14/7 He [sc. Liberace] agreed that the expression: ‘I cried all the way to the Bank’ had become a standard gag of his. He used it to reply to critics who did not like his performances.
1969 Listener 2 Jan. 17/3 I thought: ah no, this isn't right at all people will laugh at me. Then I said: better laugh all the way to the bank than just be laughed at.
1977 Zigzag Aug. 22/2 Look at Screaming Lord Sutch for example, or Alice Cooper gibbering all the way to the bank.
2002 Independent 12 June (Review section) 4/1 Anna Kournikova is also a natural with the media, smiling and flirting her way through the still male-dominated sports world—and consequently laughing all the way to the bank.
P3. Noun phrases, chiefly with of.
a.
bank of circulation n. now chiefly historical = bank of issue n. at Phrases 3d.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank > other types of bank
merchant bank1620
land-bank1696
private bank1696
paper bankc1720
national bank1736
bank of circulation1767
bank of deposit1767
corporate bank1780
state bank1791
branch bank1796
reserve bank1816
investment bank1824
bank of issue1831
commercial bank1838
red dog1838
wild cat1838
central bank1841
national bank1864
investment house1878
issue house1878
clearing-bank1883
issuing house1890
member bank1914
custodian1915
merchant banker1924
Swiss bank1949
development bank1950
Transcash1982
telephone bank1985
bancassurer1991
1767 J. Steuart Inq. Princ. Polit. Oecon. II. iv. xxiii. 235 I now propose to give my reader a short account of the famous bank of circulation first established in France by Mr. Law.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. ii. ii. 385 The bank of England is the greatest bank of circulation in Europe. View more context for this quotation
1834 J. W. Gilbart Hist. Banking 133 Similar accusations may be as justly advanced against banks of deposit as against banks of circulation.
1898 W. J. Stillman Union of Italy, 1815–95 xv. 384 A reform of the banking system, reducing the banks of circulation to one, on the models of the Banks of England and France.
1930 N.Y. Times 31 Aug. e8/2 Dr. Schacht believes between 15,000,000 and 25,000,000 pounds additional are needed for the founding of a bank of circulation.
2009 T. K. Wie in J. T. Lindblad & P. Post Indonesian Econ. Decolonization in Regional & Internat. Perspective 22 Pursuing an independent monetary policy would be difficult as long as the Java Bank, the bank of circulation serving as the nation's central bank, was still in the hands of the Dutch.
b.
bank of deposit n. a bank that receives deposits of money.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank > other types of bank
merchant bank1620
land-bank1696
private bank1696
paper bankc1720
national bank1736
bank of circulation1767
bank of deposit1767
corporate bank1780
state bank1791
branch bank1796
reserve bank1816
investment bank1824
bank of issue1831
commercial bank1838
red dog1838
wild cat1838
central bank1841
national bank1864
investment house1878
issue house1878
clearing-bank1883
issuing house1890
member bank1914
custodian1915
merchant banker1924
Swiss bank1949
development bank1950
Transcash1982
telephone bank1985
bancassurer1991
1767 J. Steuart Inq. Princ. Polit. Oecon. II. iv. xxxviii. 294 We have pointed out one motive for establishing a bank of deposit at Amsterdam, viz. that of fixing the residence of trading men in that city.
1772 J. Marshall Travels 1768–70 II. iii. 115 They have long had a well established bank of deposit, which is generally reckoned to be one of the best and most secure in Europe.
1834 J. W. Gilbart Hist. Banking 133 Similar accusations may be as justly advanced against banks of deposit as against banks of circulation.
1862 Merchants' Mag. Dec. 509 The Treasury had become a bank of deposit and of circulation for irredeemable paper money, and could issue one-year certificates, answering to old United States Bank ‘post notes’, without stint or limit.
1946 Virginia Law Rev. 32 426 The trustee, a bank of deposit and trust company named in a testamentary trust, was authorized to invest in only such securities as ‘savings banks’ are expressly authorized to invest deposits.
2011 J. Cartwright Other People's Money ii. 11 He never understood that to produce a decent return you need financial instruments that banks of deposit never dreamed of.
c.
Bank of England n. (with the) the central bank of England and Wales, which issues legal tender, manages the national debt, administers exchange rate policy, and since 1997 sets interest rates.The Bank was founded in 1694, initially as a corporation of subscribers and contributors to a capital sum of £1,200,000, to whom a charter was granted on condition of their lending that sum to the Government, with certain privileges now no longer existing, or maintained only for the benefit of the State. It was nationalized in 1946.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank > other specific banks
bank1694
Bank of England1694
Reichsbank1874
Threadneedle Street1924
Eurobank1961
1694 (title) Brief account of the intended Bank of England.
1767 J. Steuart Inq. Princ. Polit. Oecon. II. xxii. 221 It is a rule with the bank of England to issue no notes upon mortgage, permanent loan, or personal security.
1828 J. Taylor Money Syst. Eng. 138 The Bank of England had parted with six or eight millions of gold at the current mint price.
1865 J. W. Gilbart Logic of Banking v. v. 319 When the discount rate rises to the Bank rate, the merchants send their bills for discount to the Bank of England.
1923 R. G. Hawtrey Currency & Credit (ed. 2) v. 83 The liquidity of the Bank of England is secured by its power of printing notes, and the interchangeability of its deposits with cash is absolute.
1981 Times 25 Sept. 19/1 Sterling is now lower than when the Bank of England signalled higher interest rates a week last Monday.
2012 Daily Tel. 10 Feb. 1/1 More than a million pensioners have been left permanently poorer because of the Bank of England's growing programme of quantitative easing, it was claimed yesterday.
d.
bank of issue n. a bank (usually a central bank) which is authorized to issue bank notes.In Great Britain the right of issue (formerly more widespread) was restricted by the Bank Charter Act of 1844 and Bank Notes (Scotland) Act of 1845.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank > other types of bank
merchant bank1620
land-bank1696
private bank1696
paper bankc1720
national bank1736
bank of circulation1767
bank of deposit1767
corporate bank1780
state bank1791
branch bank1796
reserve bank1816
investment bank1824
bank of issue1831
commercial bank1838
red dog1838
wild cat1838
central bank1841
national bank1864
investment house1878
issue house1878
clearing-bank1883
issuing house1890
member bank1914
custodian1915
merchant banker1924
Swiss bank1949
development bank1950
Transcash1982
telephone bank1985
bancassurer1991
1831 J. R. McCulloch Hist. Sketch Bank of Eng. 9 Were securities taken from the country banks, their ultimate failure, in the capacity of banks of issue, would be rendered impossible.
1866 A. Crump Pract. Treat. Banking ix. 203 Sir Robert Peel avowed his own predilection for a central bank of issue.
1927 H. F. Grady Brit. War Finance i. 22 The Bank of England and banks of issue in Scotland and Ireland might on Treasury sanction increase their issues without the legal limitations.
2006 K. W. Bender Moneymakers x. 249 The country code is on the (verso) reverse side of the banknote in the twelve-digit serial number in which the starting letter identifies the national bank of issue.
e. humorous (originally North American). the Bank of Mom (also Mum) and Dad: a person's parents regarded as a source of financial assistance. Also with lower-case initials.
ΚΠ
1984 Washington Post 25 Mar. k5/2 Lines spilled out the door of Western Union as students sent appeals to what Syracuse University's Ed Infurna called ‘the Bank of Mom and Dad’.
1989 Wisconsin State Jrnl. 22 Oct. (Auto Suppl.) 16/1 Most often for young and first-time buyers the first step is to try to swing a loan from The Bank of Mom and Dad.
1997 Vancover Sun (Nexis) 10 Mar. d2 Whether you've borrowed from the Bank of Mum and Dad or a regular financial institution, if the payment of that loan can be enforced through the courts, there is a legal obligation.
2013 Daily Tel. 19 Oct. 8/3 The housing ladder will be confined to high-earners in the markets of London and the South East. There will still be considerable pressure on the bank of mum and dad.

Compounds

C1.
a. General attributive and objective, as bank customer, bank fraud, bank merger, bank regulator, etc.Some of the more established compounds of this type are treated separately.
ΚΠ
a1625 J. Fletcher Pilgrim ii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ggggg2v Rogues, and Beggars, have got the tricke now to become Banck-masters.
a1687 W. Petty Polit. Arithm. (1690) 30 Bank keepers..must have power to levy upon the general, what they happen to loose unto particular men.
a1740 J. Comyns Rep. Cases King's Bench (1744) sig. b/1 (table) Bank Governors and Newman.
1791 J. Madison Let. 10 July in T. Jefferson Papers (1982) XX. 616 The Bank-Shares have risen as much in the Market here [sc. New York] as at Philadelphia.
1838 Extra Globe (Washington, D.C.) 7 June 175/3 In spite of miscalled credit systems, bank regulators, or the schemes of reckless, ambitious, selfish, but, fortunately, unsuccessful politicians.
1854 Hunt's Merchants' Mag. Jan. 102 A correspondent..suggests the following rules for the guidance of bank customers.
1872 Bankers' Mag. Feb. 641 Another bank fraud has just come to light by means of altered certificates of deposit.
1922 Pop. Mech. Mar. 376/1 The building of an addition to a New York City bank branch..offered exceptional opportunity to observe the method of fireproofing the structure.
1955 Times 8 July 6/7 On June 8, continued counsel, Thomas Foote, jun., saw a bank official carrying out two bags of silver to a car.
1986 Economist 3 May 94/1 As interest rates decline, watch out for more redundancies among bank staff and more automated tellers.
2013 Vanity Fair July 124/2 Bank executives..see the recent attacks as shots across the bow.
b.
bank accountant n.
ΚΠ
1743 Proper Reply Late Infamous & Scurrilous Libel 18 I believe it would puzzle a Bank Accomptant to determine whether you lavish, or he saves, most in a Summer.
1898 Jrnl. Proc. & Addr. 37th Ann. Meeting National Educ. Assoc. 879 The best training school for a bank accountant is practical experience in all the departments of bank work and bookkeeping.
1993 Austral. Financial Rev. (Nexis) 30 Mar. 26 A number of bank accountants expressed caution yesterday over a new accounting exposure draft.
bank building n.
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?1765 Exact Acct. All Streets, Lanes, Courts, Allies 5/1 Bank buildings, Threadneedle street.
1900 Trenton (New Jersey) Times 24 Nov. 3/6 The heavy rafter frames have been put in place on the new bank building.
2008 Saving Cent. (Victorian Soc.) 15 It is the best Victorian bank building in the City of London.
bank charter n.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal document > types of legal or official document > [noun] > document creating a corporation
foundation1389
charter1474
incorporationa1600
bank charter1736
1736 T. Lediard Rapin de Thoyras's Hist. Eng. Continued III. Summary p. iv/1 The Bank-charter granted.
1834 J. W. Gilbart Hist. Banking 30 In 1708 the Bank charter was extended or renewed until the expiration of twelve months.
2000 Econ. Affairs 20 8/1 Gilbert concludes that ‘all firms that offer liabilities used by the public for making payments should be required to obtain bank charters’.
bank coffer n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > place for keeping money > money box or chest > [noun]
boxc1300
packa1393
money coffer1525
money box1585
cashc1595
kista1625
shuttle1626
money chest1683
lob1718
cash-chest1719
bank coffer1797
casket1832
cash-box1834
Peter1859
1797 Parl. Reg. 1797–1802 II. 287 An equal number of notes..would have borne the same proportion to the quantity of cash in the Bank coffers.
1803 Edinb. Rev. 2 103 The bank-coffers are drained of gold.
1889 Banker's Mag. Nov. 371 The adoption of our proposition will meanwhile have provided to familiarize the people with our silver money, and our pockets and our bank coffers will be full of it.
2001 Middle East Jrnl. 55 208 The majority of the proceeds were used to restructure and reinvest in state enterprises or fill state bank coffers.
bank counter n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank > counter
bench1755
bank counter1815
counter1875
1815 Times 20 Nov. All persons appearing at the Bank counter with a bill payable to some particular individual, must have title in themselves.
1909 Westm. Gaz. 18 Mar. 1/2 Mr. Frederick Price..kept up the traditions of the bank-counter in the literary field.
2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) ix. 186 When he presented his plastic bank card and chequebook at the bank counter, the teller was immediately suspicious.
bank deposit n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank-account > bank-deposit
deposit1753
bank deposit1807
1807 A. J. Dallas Rep. Cases U.S. & Pennsylvania 4 282 On the part of the Commonwealth, a strict scrutiny was made into the bank deposits and drafts of Baynton.
1832 Chambers' Edinb. Jrnl. 14 July 186/2 After exhausting his bank deposits, he still felt himself in difficulties.
1932 J. W. Angell Recovery of Germany (rev. ed.) ii. 56 The mark notes, bank deposits, and securities became practically worthless.
2003 Wall St. Jrnl. 20 Aug. d1/2 As interest rates on bank deposits hover near record lows, some of the best returns are in rural areas.
bank depositor n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank-depositor
bank depositor1825
1825 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 17 Dec. 710 Did any of you, my friends, ever happen to hear, or to hear tell of, any pity, expressed by these banknote-holders, or bank-depositors, or fund, or loan or share-holders?
1940 G. Crowther Outl. Money ii. 40 The ordinary bank depositor keeps all his money in the bank and makes his daily payments out of it.
1995 Which? Sept. 5/1 Improving safeguards for bank depositors mean your money is safer if your bank goes bust.
bank director n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > one conducting banking business > manager, director, or proprietor of bank
bank mastera1625
banker1670
bank director1695
bank manager1734
bank president1819
banket1846
central banker1930
1695 D. Thomas Propositions Gen. Land-banks (single sheet) To determine Titles by Bank-Directors, will be Arbitrary, Tedious, and Uncertain.
1828 J. Taylor Money Syst. Eng. 193 That the bank directors be required to pay their notes on demand in gold at the market price.
2000 P. Rutland in J. Kopstein & M. I. Lichbach Compar. Politics (2002) i. 56 Major left school at 16 to be a bus-ticket collector and..worked his way up..to bank director before entering politics.
bank loan n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > loan
loana1400
prest?c1430
apprest1443
press money1561
accommodation1595
imprest1680
bank loan1721
1721 J. Armour Proposals for restoring Credit 24 Bank Loans should bear Interest after the rate of 4 per Cent.
1839 Times 25 Dec. 5/4 The gigantic cotton speculations..were founded on and kept pace with..bank loans.
1878 J. B. Howe Polit. Econ. Great Brit., U.S., & France iii. 91 The goods of the merchant or other producer, who purchased them by the aid of a bank loan.
1940 Economist 5 Oct. 431/2 The liberalisation of bank loans..left unresolved the problem of the bad..credit.
2005 Digit Oct. 36/2 In a high-risk market sector, getting..a bank loan is close to impossible.
† bank master n. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > one conducting banking business > manager, director, or proprietor of bank
bank mastera1625
banker1670
bank director1695
bank manager1734
bank president1819
banket1846
central banker1930
a1625Banck-masters [see Compounds 1a].
1738 London Evening-Post 5 Aug. Several of the Ticket-Porters appear'd before his Lordship, to whom he was well known by the Name of their Bank-Master.
1840 Ohio Statesman 23 Sept. Her proud and gallant freemen bow to no bank masters, nor cringe for a facility.
† bank monger n. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > one conducting banking business
goldsmith1660
sahukar1785
bank monger1814
1814 T. Jefferson Let. 24 Jan. in Writings (1903) XIV. 77 I was derided as a maniac by the tribe of bank-mongers.
1861 N.Y. Herald 6 June 5/2 The swindles that have been perpetrated at their expense by bank mongers.
bank president n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > one conducting banking business > manager, director, or proprietor of bank
bank mastera1625
banker1670
bank director1695
bank manager1734
bank president1819
banket1846
central banker1930
1819 Illinois Emigrant 23 June A squib against the banks, bank presidents, governours, derelict editors, &c.
1853 Harper's Mag. Jan. 193 As if some invalid clergyman or bank-president, in white cravat, wished sedately to have his carriage called.
1902 A. D. McFaul Ike Glidden in Maine iii. 18 The bank president was fully satisfied with the confidence he had placed in Ike.
1993 Maclean's 26 Apr. 27/1 They can pay the combatants the kind of money bank presidents and fashion models make.
bank robber n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > [noun] > of specific place
church robber?1526
rob-orchard1673
bank robber1799
bank snatcher1890
1799 Aurora (Philadelphia) 15 Mar. Groups of pickpockets, bank-robbers, and hen-pecked dotards.
1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 277 Wildrake was the real criminal and bank-robber.
2009 Film 4 Frightfest: Empire Leicester Square (Collectors' Programme) No. 10. 58 A Paris heist goes wrong and bank robber Black is the only thief to escape alive.
bank robbery n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > [noun] > of bank
bank robbery1799
1799 Narr. P. Lyon 35 When I left Philadelphia to escape the probable fatal effects of the Yellow fever, (not the Bank robbery), I possessed the following [etc.].
1854 C. Dickens Hard Times iii. viii. 339 I have suspected young Mr. Tom of this bank-robbery from the first.
1997 J. Hatfield & G. Burt Unauthorized X-Cycl. D: Deep Throat 86 Their string of bank robberies resulted in the death of seven civilians.
† bank snatcher n. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > [noun] > of specific place
church robber?1526
rob-orchard1673
bank robber1799
bank snatcher1890
1890 Harper's Mag. Feb. 472 One of the most daring bank snatchers in the city effected two robberies in the course of a single day.
1910 Milford (Iowa) Mail 12 May No forger, bank snatcher, burglar or yegg can infringe upon the sanctity of bank funds and get away with it immune.
bank vault n.
ΚΠ
1805 Goshen (Indiana) Mid Week News 24 July The bank vaults were opened Monday morning and the exact shortage found to be $26,900.
1930 J. Taine Iron Star vii. 117 The matted roots and the solid nets of huge convolvuli walling the trees made as impenetrable a barrier as the steel grill of a bank vault.
2003 S. L. Edgar Morality & Machines (ed. 2) v. 176 He would take cash from the bank vault, and then adjust the books on the bank's computers to cover the loss.
C2. attributive. Chiefly British. Designating a member of staff, esp. nursing staff, who can be called upon to work in a hospital on a casual basis to cover absences and staff shortages; designating work of this type. Frequently in bank nurse, bank staff. Cf. sense 6b.Typically denoting specifically staff employed by a health authority rather than supplied by an employment agency; cf. agency nurse n. at agency n. Compounds 1b.
ΚΠ
1974 Observer 3 Mar. 31/5 The rates of pay for a ‘bank nurse’ are not princely.
1987 Nursing Times 27 May 65/4 (advt.) We are developing our pool of bank staff and applications for all grades will be welcome.
1995 Private Eye 25 Aug. 13/2 Out go overtime for sisters and the use of bank nurses, in comes ward amalgamation.
1996 Church Times 23 Aug. 10/4 She did her theological training..in Cambridge, coming home at weekends to..do bank nursing to pay her fees.
2011 Z. Strachan Ever fallen in Love 64 Margaret's daughter does bank shift in the private hospital.
C3.
bank account n. an arrangement made with a bank whereby a person may deposit and withdraw money; (also) a sum of money held under such an arrangement, a bank balance; (more generally) the funds available to a person, organization, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank-account
account1615
bank account1671
a/c1736
drawing account1737
private account1772
banking account1792
embankment1813
current account1846
savings account1850
deposit account1851
checking account1923
demand deposit1930
ghost account1933
numbered account1963
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > other types of accounts
calends of exchangec1374
scorea1400
pipe1455
mensalc1475
profit and loss1553
stock1588
bank account1671
lump-account1699
revenue account1703
profit and loss account1721
sundry1736
drawing account1737
stock account?1768
private account1772
trading account1780
Flemish account1785
capital account1813
embankment1813
cost account1817
cash-credit1832
current account1846
savings account1850
deposit account1851
suspense account1869
control account1908
checking account1923
ghost account1933
numbered account1963
budget account1969
ISA1975
MSA1993
1671 S. Bethel Present Interest Eng. 11 Bank accounts being allowed for undeniable testimonies in Law.
1799 C. B. Brown Arthur Mervyn I. iv. 39 Have I not seen his bank account. His deposits..amount to not less than half a million.
1870 ‘M. Twain’ in Galaxy June 870/1 She began to get miserly as her bank account grew.
1929 D. H. Lawrence Pansies 33 With bank accounts and insurance policies Don't sympathise.
2005 Daily Tel. 29 June 9/2 Their flat is joint-owned by them and they have a joint bank account.
2015 Observer 18 Jan. (New Review section) 22/2 A new economy where your web influence and social connections will matter just as much as the money in your bank account.
bank annuities n. now historical certain classes of British government bonds; (frequently) spec. consolidated 3 per cent annuities (see consolidated adj. 1b).
ΚΠ
1701 Jrnls. House of Lords 17 489/1 Bank Annuities, 3 per Cent. Bill.
1882 R. Bithell Counting-house Dict. 224 Consols—commonly called Bank Annuities—are perpetual.
2004 Statist. Sci. 19 7/2 His daughter Mary, at her death, held her money in 3% bank annuities.
bank balance n. the amount of money held in a bank account at a given moment; (more generally) the funds available to a person, organization, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] > of an individual or company
exchequer1619
finances1686
bank balance1805
fisc1820
one's own poke-nook1821
roll1846
bankroll1849
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank-account > bank balance
bank balance1805
1805 Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 5 p. lxxxiii Did it ever occur in the course of your experience, that what is called the bank balance, proved less than could be accounted for by the expenditure in the pay branch?
1931 H. Crane Let. 10 Jan. (1965) 363 A bank balance sufficient at least to my carfare east again.
1986 Los Angeles Times 8 Aug. vi. 28/3 ‘We started January, 1984, with no bank balance, some assets, some experience, a small, dedicated staff and 1,000 subscribers,’ Thoman said.
1996 Guardian 12 Nov. ii. 13/1 Our local chemist admitted that the increase in sales of nebulisers kept his bank balance healthy.
2005 TNT Mag. 7 Mar. 34/4 Learn how to couch-surf you way across Europe, eat on the cheap and keep your bank balance in the black.
bank card n. a cheque card, credit card, debit card, or cashpoint card issued by a bank; cf. banker's card n. at banker n.2 Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > solvency > [noun] > credit documents > credit card
credit card1888
bank card1947
card1950
American Express1958
Amex1958
charge card1962
banker's card1966
Barclaycard1966
cheque card1966
Master Charge1966
gold card1970
asset card1975
debit card1975
visa1976
affinity card1979
master card1979
smart card1980
phonecard1981
key card1985
Connect1987
Switch card1988
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > cheques and drafts > [noun] > credit card
credit card1888
plastic card1939
bank card1947
card1950
banker's card1966
Barclaycard1966
plastic money1969
plastic1975
key card1985
1947 Life 3 Mar. 62/1 It holds your bank card, credit card, identification card, and photos of your loved ones.
1970 New Scientist 23 July 181/1 Development of existing bank cards—including both cheque guarantee cards and credit cards..—will play a major role in the advance towards a ‘cashless and chequeless society’.
1983 Truckin' Life Oct. 45/1 The drivers can obtain fuel by using a special plastic credit card..issued by Amoco. These cards..are similar to any bankcards..and work on the same principle.
2009 Guardian 10 Dec. (ID Protection Suppl.) 9/1 The association of a bank card with its PIN code to authenticate the user in a simple and efficient way.
bank charge n. a fee or commission debited by a bank from a current account for transactions and services carried out; usually in plural.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > for banking, coining, or financial services
shroffage1629
bank charge1659
procuration money1671
procuration1673
agio1696
premium1717
brassage1806
procuration fee1822
application money1869
transfer fee1869
demurrage1875
1659 S. Lambe in Third Coll. Scarce & Valuable Tracts (1751) II. 181 The Profits of the Bank go to the good Men..in lieu of their great Care and Pains, and defraying Bank Charges, and Officers Salaries.
1885 G. Rae Country Banker xix. 138 (heading) Bank charges.
1923 Jrnl. Inst. Bankers 44 113 If a profit and loss account is to show a correct view of a trader's or manufacturer's affairs, it should include the bank charges and allowances which have accrued up to the date of the account.
1986 Economist 3 May 94/1 As interest rates decline, watch out for more redundancies among bank staff and more automated tellers. Bank charges will also go up.
2008 Independent 17 Jan. 1/3 As the Office of Fair Trading begins a court case against those bank charges, thousands of customers are seeking, and winning, refunds of premiums for payment protection insurance (PPI).
bank cheque n. a cheque or order to pay issued upon a person's bank account; = cheque n. 3a.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > cheques and drafts > [noun] > cheque
paper credit1725
draught1736
banker's draft1764
bank cheque1774
draft1786
sight cheque1863
certified cheque1880
marked cheque1896
Eurocheque1969
1774 Daily Advertiser 4 Jan. Two Bank Checks of 20 l. each.
1803 T. Jefferson in Harper's Mag. (1885) Mar. 541/2 I enclose you a bank-check for twenty-two and a half dollars.
1900 Chicago Banker June 141 In the commercial transactions of this day bank checks fill an important position and form a system of credit-transfer at once simple and efficacious.
1989 J. Gatenby GCSE Computer Stud. ii. 26 (heading) Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR). These are special characters printed on documents such as bank cheques.
2006 K. W. Bender Moneymakers ii. 47 Then began the displacement of physical securities by electronic trading, the diminishing importance of bank checks, traveller's checks, and traditional postage stamps.
† bank circulation n. Obsolete (historical in later use) any of a series of loans made to the British Government, esp. in 1751; (also) receipts given by the Bank of England to contributors to such loans, which circulated as paper currency; frequently attributive, designating such receipts.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > English banknotes > [noun]
bank circulation1714
country note1767
Newland1794
1714 London Gaz. No. 5239/3 Lost..10 Bank Circulation Notes..none of them payable for several Months.
1721 Particular & Inventory W. Astell 38 Bank Circulation Receipts of 2000 /. paid.
1751 London Mag. Nov. 609/2 The receipts of the last bank circulation are paying at the bank.
1753 Scots Mag. May 262/1 Bank-circulation 2l. 15s. prem.
1834 J. W. Gilbart Hist. Banking 38 In 1751, in order to raise the sum promised to be lent to the Government, the bank established what was called ‘Bank Circulation’.
bank clerk n. chiefly British a person employed in a bank to record deposits and withdrawals and perform other administrative duties; (now) esp. a member of the counter staff at a bank.Occasionally (esp. in the 19th cent. and early 20th cent.) with connotations of modest social status or suburban conservatism and respectability.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > one conducting banking business > bank-clerk
bank clerk1742
bank teller1766
walk-clerk1865
1742 Further Rep. Comm. Secrecy Conduct Earl of Orford (House of Commons) 28 Mr. Matthew Collet, the principal bank-clerk.
1829 Harlequin 13 June 35 This burlesque was written by Mr. Rhodes, who was ‘only a bank-clerk’.
1859 G. A. Sala Twice round Clock 42 From sober Hackney, and Dalston, and Kingsland, bank-clerk beloved.
2010 Independent 23 Apr. 38/2 He handed the bank clerk a demand note and brandished a revolver, then stuffed the money into a personal organiser and left.
bank-clerkly adj. relating to, resembling, or evocative of a bank clerk.In later use often with conscious allusion to quot. 1920. Cf. note at bank clerk n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [adjective] > bank-clerk
bank-clerkly1909
1909 A. H. Adams Galahad Jones xii. 235 He took his faltering determination with a boldness that was not at all bank-clerkly.
1920 E. Pound Hugh Selwyn Mauberley 19 But in Ealing With the most bank-clerkly of Englishmen?
1959 Listener 23 July 153/3 The same sort of boyish fun—or bank-clerkly humour—induced inordinate pleasure [etc.].
1991 Spectator 6 July 38/3 Richard Bremmer plays Riccardo as the most bank-clerkly of Neapolitan gentlemen.
Bank Court n. the weekly meeting of the Governor and Court of Directors of the Bank of England; (in a joint-stock bank) a regular meeting of directors, or the general assembly of shareholders.With reference to the Bank of England the meeting is now termed Court, and from 1998 it has been held monthly: cf. court n.1 14.
ΚΠ
1789 Public Advertiser 5 Mar. Formerly a General Bank Court was like the picture in the Dunciad, when all slept..but now they are coming to their senses.
1789 Public Advertiser 17 Mar. To recommend a reduction of the terms of discounting to 4 per cent. at the Bank Court on Thursday, will be a very proper measure.
1873 W. Bagehot Lombard St. (1874) viii. 233 What we want to introduce into the Bank court is a wise apprehensiveness, and this every trained banker is taught by the habits of his trade, and the atmosphere of his life.
1968 Econ. Jrnl. 78 395 By 1914 he was beginning to make his mark on the Bank Court.
bank credit n. credit granted by a bank, esp. regarded as a measure of a customer's spending ability; a credit arrangement of this kind.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > solvency > [noun] > action of placing to one's credit > sum placed to one's credit
bootingc1300
allowancea1325
bank credit1653
credit1662
book credit1786
1653 S. Hartlib Discov. Div. Land 32 All payments (above ten or twenty pounds) be enjoyned by authority, to be made in Bank-credit.
1752 D. Hume Balance of Trade in Ess. (1817) I. 318 An invention of this kind, which was fallen upon some years ago by the banks of Edinburgh..called a Bank-Credit.
1821 W. Scott Pirate I. iv. 83 He would have got a bank-credit, manœuvred with wind-bills.
1926 World's Work Sept. 495/2 A much better banking system than we had before the war, which..checks undue expansion in any field where bank credit is being largely used.
1992 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 11 May b2/5 Another uncertain signal comes from the low level of both bank credit and M-2, the main measure of money supply.
bank details n. chiefly British details such as bank name, account number, etc., which uniquely identify a bank account, and are used when making or receiving a payment, now esp. electronically.In recent use often in the context of the dishonest acquisition of another's bank details in order to perpetrate fraud.
ΚΠ
1968 Hospital Oct. 351/1 Monthly account payment under the existing computer arrangements would merely need the addition of a programme to process payment,..a great improvement which would justify the work on an initial index for suppliers' bank details.
1992 K. Ward Strategic Managem. Accounting xx. 300 Master files are held in the system, containing all the necessary details on all suppliers (including bank details for the eventual payment).
2004 Huddersfield Daily Examiner (Nexis) 17 June 3 Bogus charity collectors are asking householders to give their bank details.
bank discount n. Banking and Finance (originally and chiefly U.S.) the discount (discount n. 3a) calculated by a bank when purchasing a bill of exchange or promissory note before its maturity date, based upon the interest that would accrue during the time it still had to run and the credit risk it presents; (in later use) interest computed on the face value of a loan and deducted in advance by the lending bank.Bank discount is typically calculated using an accounting year of 360 days.
ΚΠ
1803 W. M. Finlay Arithm. Mag. 111 We now come to Practical Interest, or Bank Discount.
1867 I. Mayhew University Bk.-keeping (1870) 145 The Bank Discount of a Note subtracted from its face, will give the proceeds of the Note, or its present worth by the usage of Banks.
1940 Statist. Abstr. U.S. 1939 (U.S. Dept. Commerce) No. 61. 207 The average sale price gives an approximate yield on a bank-discount basis.
1997 R. A. Brechner Contemp. Math. for Business & Consumers x. 325 Because bank discount is the same as interest, we use the formula I=PRT as before, substituting bank discount for interest, face value for principal, and discount rate for interest rate.
bank dollar n. now historical (originally) a (silver) dollar coin issued by a bank in northern Europe; cf. dollar n. 1; (later usually) a countermarked or over-stamped Spanish piece of eight issued as currency by the Bank of England in the early 19th cent.; cf. dollar n. 2.
ΚΠ
1644 C. Cavendish Let. 10 Oct. in J. O. Halliwell Lett. Sci. Subj. (1841) 85 What difference there is between banck dollers and rixdollers I knowe not, but I intended you should receive to the value of £5 sterling.
1696 H. Chamberlen Coll. Papers conc. Clipt & Counterfeit Money 14 Have the Bank-Dollers in Holland been altered in their Name or Weight by the rise of Bullion there?
1780 tr. U. von Troil Lett. on Iceland 132 They are obliged to sell a vaett..of dried fish to the company..which they sell again in Hamburgh, where the greatest part of what is caught in Iceland is usually sent, for five bank-dollars.
1810 Scots Mag. Aug. 632/1 The defendant gave him the guineas, and he paid him 56l. in notes, and 5s. by a Bank dollar.
1904 H. D. Traill & J. S. Mann Social Eng.: 1714–1815 V. p. xlvi The stamp and another, substituted in 1804, were counterfeited, and the Bank dollar was then struck (at the Soho Mint, Birmingham).
2004 Numismatist Sept. 53/1 Authorizing the Bank of England to produce ‘Bank dollars’.
bank draft n. (also bank draught) a draft issued by a branch of a bank requiring the head office, another branch, or another bank to make a payment to a third party; cf. banker's draft n. at banker n.2 Compounds.Typically the bank issues a bank draft in return for payment by a customer, who uses it to make a payment (regarded as more reliable than a personal cheque) to the third party.
ΚΠ
1751 W. Beawes Lex Mercatoria Rediviva 348 The Payment of the Agreements, and Transactions, made in Bank Draughts, before their Suppression.
1788 London Packet 26 Mar. Lost or mislaid this morning, a Manchester bank draft..dated 24 March.
1849 J. B. Weller Let. 27 Sept. in D. Jackson & M. L. Spence Exped. J. C. Frémont (1984) III. 117 I send four bank drafts.
1984 M. Gentle Golden Witchbreed i. iii. 33 I had also a locked case with credentials, bank drafts, and similar papers.
2001 J. Franzen Corrections 440 The money came in the form of bank drafts, credit-card numbers, e-cash encryption keys, [etc.].
bank machine n. (a) a machine which a bank teller uses to dispense coins to a customer (now rare); (b) a machine which automatically provides cash and performs some other banking services on insertion of a customer's bank card; = ATM n. at A n. Initialisms.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > cash dispenser
money teller1594
cash machine1890
bank machine1920
teller machine1921
automatic teller1924
automatic teller machine1967
cash dispenser1967
automated teller machine1973
cashpoint1973
money machine1973
ATM1975
hole-in-the-wall1985
1920 Bankers Mag. July 338 (advt.) The Lightning—a Bank Machine—has similarly doomed to the discard the laborious hand method of paying coin—change making.
1968 Danville (Va.) Reg. 6 Sept. 1/1 (heading) Bank machine dispenses $50 bills like peanuts... An instant money machine began dispensing $50 bills like packaged peanuts..outside a Miami bank.
2002 A. Behrman Electroboy (2003) i. 21 I drove to my bank machine with Stephanie, took out $200, and started cruising around campus in my red Kharmann Ghia.
bank money n. money, or equivalents to money such as credits, held by a bank; (also) money of account which has a value established and retained by a central bank, but which differs from the value of the equivalent currency (cf. banco n.1 and adj.1; now historical). [Compare Dutch bankgeld money held by a bank (1624), money of account of an established value (1695).]
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > money of account
money of accounta1475
bank moneya1610
banco1638
a1610 J. Healey tr. Theophrastus Characters 79 in tr. Epictetus Manuall (1636) He, that boastes upon the Exchange, that he hath store of banke mony [Gk. πολλὰ χρήματα..ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃ].
1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. xlii. 279 A ducat which passes for 7 marks current, is worth but 6 bank money.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. iii. iv. 62 What is called bank money is always of more value than the same nominal sum of common currency.
1839 G. Tucker Theory of Money & Banks iv. 160 This receipt never circulated as currency. It was merely a sort of document, to enable the owner of bank money to draw specie or bullion from the bank.
1940 V. C. Smith tr. F. Machlup Stock Market, Credit & Capital Formation 174 Bank money functions directly as money capital at the time of its creation by new bank loans and investments.
2001 B. Shull & G. A. Hanweck Bank Mergers in Deregulated Environment ii. 24 All merchant bills in Amsterdam above a minimum value (600 guilders) had to be paid in ‘bank money’.
2013 B. Duignan Banking & Finance i. 8 Any commercial bank refusing to honour the obligation to redeem its bank money is typically deemed insolvent.
bank paper n. (a) banknotes in circulation; bills of exchange accepted by a bank; (b) thin paper used esp. for making carbon copies of typewritten documents (cf. flimsy n. 2), or for foreign correspondence.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > [noun]
paper money1669
bank paper1696
paper1704
rag1797
scrieve1800
rag money1808
soft1809
soft currency1837
stamps1872
scratch1914
folding money1930
ready1937
society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > paper for correspondence > types of
mourning paper1635
bank paper1696
bank post1801
foreign1825
Bath-post1837
bill-head1845
mourning notepaper1846
vellum post1847
bond papera1877
correspondence card1892
notehead1892
airmail paper1933
letterhead1939
notelet1955
bluey1989
1696 Reply Def. Bank 16 After they have made 15 per cent. profit to themselves thereby, by converting the same into this sort of Bank-paper, they can by this means, even an Account of 10000 l. with their Principals and get 1500 l. by the bargain.
1787 T. Jefferson Let. 27 Mar. in Papers (1955) XI. 246 I would also be glad to have a dozen [prints] on bank paper, on account of it's thinness and not breaking on the folds.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 336 They imagine that our flourishing state in England is owing to that bank-paper, and not the bank-paper to the flourishing condition of our commerce. View more context for this quotation
1816 U. Brown in Maryland Hist. Mag. 10 356 This morning..receives in Bank paper of him $25.00.
1836 Southern Lit. Messenger 2 461 A substitute for bank paper.
1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 6 Bank paper, a thin paper mostly used for foreign letter or note paper to save cost of postage.
1923 H. A. Maddox Dict. Stationery 56 Onion skin, an American paper trade expression..applied to very thin and crisp typewriting or bank paper.
1961 Times 10 June 15/7 The discount market raised its buying rates for fine bank paper by 1-32 per cent.
2001 S. Seunarine Office Procedures for Caribbean (ed. 2) ii. 28 Bank paper is often coloured pink, blue, yellow or green.
2009 Financial Times 12 Oct. (FTfm section) 13 The risk spreads on bank paper have come in to pre-crash levels.
bank parlour n. a room in which a banker or bank manager does business with borrowers (now historical); any of various meeting rooms or private offices at the Bank of England.
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society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank > room in bank
bank parlour1777
1777 Public Advertiser 12 Aug. They have been told, four Years successively, that if America was ever lost it would be thro' the Bank Parlour.
1859 G. A. Sala Twice round Clock 160 Tremendous bank-partners..pay a farewell visit to the bank parlour.
1884 Lisbon (Dakota Territory) Clipper 30 Oct. /3 The caution which has prevailed..in bank parlors is not at all relaxed.
2014 Independent Save & Spend (Nexis) 26 Apr. (Money section) 14 The private banking team aren't chaps in frock coats sitting around wood-panelled bank parlours sipping sherry and going through your accounts carefully noting what needs to be done.
bank post n. = bank paper n. (b); chiefly attributive designating this type of paper.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > paper for correspondence > types of
mourning paper1635
bank paper1696
bank post1801
foreign1825
Bath-post1837
bill-head1845
mourning notepaper1846
vellum post1847
bond papera1877
correspondence card1892
notehead1892
airmail paper1933
letterhead1939
notelet1955
bluey1989
1801 C. Bowles Artist's Assistant 305 Brush this mixture thin upon gauze, or bank post paper, and hang it up to dry.
1852 C. Tomlinson Cycl. Useful Arts (1854) II. 369/1 Names, dimensions, and weight per ream of Writing and Drawing Papers... Bank post 19 by 15¼ [inches] 7 [lb.].
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) III. 397 The ordinary Saxe paper will answer very well, as will also..Bank-post.
2008 M. Poovey Genres Credit Econ. iv. 220 (caption) Engraving on Bank-post paper, 13–21 cm, 1819.
bank rate n. (a) any rate of interest charged by a bank; (b) (often with capital initial, sometimes also without article) the rate set by the Bank of England for discounting first-class bills of exchange (replaced in October 1972 by the minimum lending rate; see minimum n. and adj. Compounds 1); also more fully bank rate of discount; now historical; (c) (now usually) the interest rate set by any central bank (including the Bank of England) for lending to other banks in the banking system; = base rate n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > use of bills of exchange > discounting > rate of discounting
bank rate1740
discount rate1827
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > moneylending at interest > interest > rate of interest
prime rate1815
usage1822
mortgage rate1898
savings rate1904
saving rate1905
discount rate1913
base lending rate1933
prime lending rate1951
interest-rate1959
base rate1970
minimum lending rate1972
MLR1972
prime1973
bank rate1974
LIBOR1974
subprime1976
Euribor1997
1740 H. Vans Inq. Nature & Uses of Money 39 The Man that wants a Credit may either purchase it at the Bank Rate, or the Market Rate, as he can make the best Bargain.
1819 Philadelphia Reg. & National Recorder 19 June 403/2 If the whole amount authorized be issued and be too much, interest out of doors will fall below the bank rate.
1826 T. Tooke State of Currency iii. 75 One of the great difficulties..has arisen from the uniformity of the bank rate of discount, while the market-rate of interest has been subject to frequent and sometimes great variations.
1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. iii. vi. 355 The value of money is considered to be represented by the bank rate of discount.
1930 Economist 1 Feb. 239/2 A year of dear money, when Bank rate averaged a full one per cent. above the level of 1928.
1972 Daily Tel. 10 Oct. 17/2 Bank rate is no more. As from Friday..[it] will be superseded by a new rate linked by a direct formula to market rates.
1974 Latin Amer. 1 Mar. 67/1 Colombia: The government has raised bank rates from 14 to 16 per cent in an effort to control the rate of inflation.
1984 C. M. Choudhary Bank Rate & Credit Control in India iii. 43 The Reserve Bank of India raised the Bank Rate from 9 per cent to 10 per cent on 11th July 1981.
2008 Daily Tel. 3 Dec. (Business section) b3/1 If the bank rate falls by more than a quarter of a point on Thursday..about half of the borrowers with a collared tracker mortgage will definitely not see the full benefit.
bank receipt n. (formerly) †a redeemable receipt given by the Bank of England for money deposited by a subscriber or contributor on its formation (obsolete); (now) a written or printed receipt given by a bank for money deposited.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > receipt > types of
bill of lading1599
note1601
bill of loading1626
tally1626
bank receipt1699
subscription receipt1720
treasury certificate1791
warrant1825
tally of sol1843
stock receipt1901
1699 London Post 4 Dec. A Bank Receipt for 100 l. viz. per Mr. Selby, 50 l. and Mr. Glandy, 50 l.
1703 London Gaz. No. 3902/4 A Bank Receipt..promising to be accountable to John Radhams for 4 Notes for 50l. each.
1836 Rep. Supreme Courts Scotl. 8 333/1 They might have refused till the Bank receipt was made furthcoming [sic], or its loss duly authenticated.
2011 C. Hadnagy Social Engin. ii. 30 I quickly dumped out the bag and found a bank receipt and the other half of the check.
bank reconciliation n. Accounting the action or practice of compiling a document which sets the financial transactions of a business over a certain period of time against the transactions noted on its bank statement over the same period, and details and explains any discrepancies; frequently attributive, esp. in bank reconciliation statement.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > [noun] > balancing of accounts
balance1588
rescounter1622
balancing1668
making-up1847
bank reconciliation1898
make-up1952
1898 Accountants' Man. VI. Index p. xxviii Bank reconciliation account.
1912 E. E. Spicer & E. C. Pegler Pract. Book-keeping ii. 21 (heading) Bank reconciliation statement.
1985 Pract. Computing May 110/3 It can also help with the VAT returns and the monthly bank reconciliation.
2007 New Straits Times (Malaysia) (Nexis) 9 Sept. 10 Seven offices showed differences in the balance brought forward in their ledgers and the bank reconciliation statement of the previous month.
bank run n. a sudden rush of demands for repayment from a bank or other financial institution on the part of a large number of depositors; cf. run n.2 39a(a).
ΚΠ
1857 New Albany (Indiana) Daily Tribune 9 Oct. ‘Hard times,’ ‘suspensions,’ ‘bank runs,’ ‘protests’—these phrases have appeared and re-appeared, in every possible shape and connection, in every newspaper in the land.
1938 Life 4 Apr. 12 (caption) The Hoover Depression had spectacular offshoots—breadlines, hunger marchers, bank runs, rioting farmers, rabble-rousers.
2002 I. Mallick in A. K. Bagchi Money & Credit Indian Hist. 213 Modern iconoclasts in the world of theoretical finance..would see optimality in bank runs..and tell the policy-makers to allow runs because things ‘would get worse otherwise’.
† bank seal bill n. Obsolete rare = bank bill n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > promissory notes or bills of exchange > [noun] > other promissory notes or bills
warrant1433
assignmentc1460
policy1623
navy bill1679
redraft1682
tally of pro1691
bank bill1694
bank seal bill1696
chequer-bill1697
assignation1704
chequer-note1705
mint bill1707
transport debenture1707
transport-bill1710
loan-bill1722
treasury note1756
tin bill1778
treasury-bill1798
rescription1800
short bill1808
treasury-warrant1834
sight bill1853
short-paper1912
treasuries1922
T.B.1936
T.D.R.1948
T-Bill1982
1696 London Gaz. No. 3234/4 Bank Seal Bills, payable with Interest at the Rate of 6 per Cent. per Annum.
bank statement n. a record supplied by a bank to an account holder, showing all credits and debits over a given period, and the current balance of the account.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > other types of statement
stewart-compt1580
book account1649
account stateda1683
ledger-account1738
bank statement1824
pay bill1828
cost sheet1840
average-statement1865
reconciliation statement1866
swindle sheet1906
exposure draft1971
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank-account > bank statement
bank statement1824
1824 Let. from Treasury Dept. 233 This officer having reported to him..that he had made such a deposite, to the amount of twenty thousand dollars; and none such appearing in the bank statements rendered to this Department.
1916 W. H. Kniffin Pract. Work of Bank (ed. 2) x. 318d The bookkeeping machine for bank statements.
1959 Which? vi. 58/2 At the end of the report, we give the analysis of thirty-four bank statements generously sent us by our members.
1986 Economist 29 Mar. 67/3 Brazilian banks offer..such perks (to their bigger customers) as bank statements delivered daily to their offices.
1997 Advertiser (Austral.) (Nexis) 17 Mar. Both banks offer similar services; checking details of account balances and recent transactions by looking at your bank statements on-line, [etc.].
2007 G. Hurley One Under xvi. 334 The purchase cross-checks with one of his bank statements.
Bank stock n. (also with lower-case initials) now historical the capital stock of the Bank of England, being the aggregate of the shares owned by its various proprietors.The original value of the stock was £1,200,000: see Bank of England n. at Phrases 3c.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > stock > types of
joint stock1615
fancya1652
water stock1675
Bank stock1694
India stock1702
government stock1734
inscription1800
gas stock1820
railway stock1836
common stock1852
floater1871
blue chip1874
trunks1892
traction1896
omnium1902
mummy1903
motors1908
rollover1947
blue-chipper1953
red chip1968
large-cap1982
small cap1984
1694 Some Considerations against Continuance Bank of Eng. 7/2 They lavish away their time, and wast their Thoughts about Bank-Stock, and the Rates it goes at.
1705 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft 7 The Market-price varies as does the Bank-Stock.
1710 J. Addison Tatler No. 243. ⁋6 How went Bank-Stock to Day at 'Change?
1859 E. D. E. N. Southworth Hidden Hand 22 To invest capital in bank-stock.
2004 B. E. Gup Too Big to Fail i. i. 9 In its second proposal, the Bank went much too far, offering to give 1,700 pounds in Bank stock for every 100 pound annuity.
bank teller n. a person employed to count the money received by or to be paid out from a bank; (chiefly North American) a member of the counter staff of a bank (see teller n. 2a).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > one conducting banking business > bank-clerk
bank clerk1742
bank teller1766
walk-clerk1865
1766 Interrogatories J. Ewart 2 Had you then, or a little before, any money from the bank-tellers, or any of them in that course of transaction?
1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 278/2 Public convenience demanded great accuracy in weighing the currency, by..weighing gold with the bullion scales although it was due to the bank-tellers to state, that they gave the utmost attention to their monotonous duty.
1890 Bankers' Mag. Oct. 299 A London bank teller always experiences a feeling of relief when he finds his money correct at the close of Friday's work.
1948 Cape Times 17 Jan. (Week-end Mag.) 2/3 All bank tellers and others handling large sums have now been alerted.
1991 M. Mackie Gender Relations Canada i. 1/2 A bank teller discovers she will soon be replaced by an automated banking machine.
bank token n. now historical a token issued by a bank to serve for payments, on its responsibility, during a scarcity of silver coin.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > other mediums of exchange > [noun] > token used in place of coin > others
tavern-token1601
Harrington1628
palace-crown1653
mint-token1716
loggerhead1797
bank token1800
1800 J. Money Let. Norfolk Farmers 5 You have, gentlemen, acted wisely in receiving the Dollars, or in other words, the silver Bank Tokens at 5s. 6d.
1812 Examiner 21 Sept. 607/2 Convicted of uttering 3s. Bank-tokens, knowing them to be false.
1910 W. Smart Econ. Ann. 19th Cent. xxv. 479 The deficiency had been supplied by an issue of £3,400,000 bank tokens.
1998 Coin News May 41/1 (advt.) Want to Buy..British coins..Bank tokens... Copper and Bronze..Fractional Farthings etc. Also Mint Sealed Bags of Sterling Coinage etc.
bank transfer n. †(a) a written order of payment issued by a bank for a specified sum to a third party (obsolete); (b) a direct transfer of money from one bank account to another; (also) the process of transferring money in this way.
ΚΠ
1755 W. Douglas Summary, Hist. & Polit., of N. Amer. I. 106 A bank transfer is a legal tender; when the bank pays out specie..they retain one eighth per cent.
1852 Banker's Mag. Aug. 388 It [sc. a bill of exchange] is itself only the evidence of one or more transactions, all of which are closed then only when the bill is paid by means of coin, notes, or bank transfer.
1917 Washington Post 30 June Financial authorities of late devoted their chief energies to a campaign to restrain an increase in note circulation by promoting the use of checks and bank transfers instead of cash.
1980 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 26 June Payments can now only be made by bank transfer.
2002 D. Goleman et al. Business: Ultimate Resource 1555/2 Most Finnish banks now offer WAP service, which includes bank transfers.., stock exchange share price information, and trading.

Derivatives

bankward adv. and adj. towards the bank.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [adjective] > towards bank
bankward1803
1803 J. P. Roberdeau Fugitive Verse & Prose 79 With a troop of fifty perjur'd Brokers I Bank-ward follow'd.
1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 Nov. 3 In the full tide of one's bank-ward voyage.
1978 Financial Times 10 Nov. 17/3 Having politely resisted the temptation to travel bankward in fits of laughter until they had bought and sold all the other bomb sites.
1993 P. Johnston Wittgenstein vi. 163 Instead of saying ‘I intend to go to the bank’, the individual might simply predict that her body would shortly start moving in a bankward direction.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

bankv.1

Brit. /baŋk/, U.S. /bæŋk/
Forms: see bank n.1
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: bank n.1
Etymology: < bank n.1 Compare banked adj.1With sense 12 compare earlier banker n.3 6.
1.
a. transitive. To build banks of earth, stone, etc., around (an area of land, body of water, etc.); spec. to embank (a river); to build banks around (a marsh) so as to prevent flooding. Frequently with in. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [verb (transitive)] > embank
banka1450
bench1587
embank1700
levee1832
bund1883
a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 109v (MED) He mote warde his peple al aboute wiþ a depe diche wel I-banked [L. uallo] and welle I-hegged or paled aboute.
1591 R. Johnson Musarum Plangores sig. B2 A flood of teares, bankt in with griefe.
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xvii. lxxi. 309 Against the swelling flood he bankt it strong, And thence vprose the faire and noble towne.
1614 Orders & Bylawes Stretham in C. L. Kingsford Two London Chrons. (1910) 273 The Inhabitants..haue..Banked much of their cowpasture and horsepasture for the better preservation thereof to bee kept from invndation and ouerfloweings of water.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Worc. 184 The Prince and Peoples..Both being Bank'd in their respective Station.
1762 J. Smeaton Reports (1812) I. 39 Some hundred acres..are also banked off from the Torne.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 540 The marshes..are banked, drained, tussocked, ploughed, and harrowed.
1833 Present State of Canadas 113 The expense of banking the river.
1858 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 19 267 Some spirited proprietor may bank in his marsh, drain it, and make it excellent land.
1919 S. Carolina Hist. & Geneal. Mag. Jan. 35 The remainder of this marsh tract..was subsequently banked in and planted with rice.
2002 J. Duckworth Fagin's Children v. 82 The necessary job of cleaning and banking the River Thames and other navigable rivers.
b. transitive. To form a bank to (a river, road, area of land, etc.). Later often in extended use: to form a border or edge to. Frequently in passive. [In quots. referring to rows or tiers forming a border (e.g. quot. 1993) perhaps influenced by bank n.2 6a.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > [verb (transitive)]
bank1584
shore1832
1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 71 You shall finde Aegypt to be straight and narrowe compassed, banked on the one side by a mighty hill of Arabia [Gk. τῆς Ἀραβίης ὄρος παρατέταται].
1590 R. Greene Neuer too Late i. 27 A silent streame..Banckt about with choice flowers.
1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. O8 A solemne sober Stream Bankt all with Lillies.
a1661 R. Bargrave Trav. Diary (1999) 133 Danubius..is on One side bankd with rich Corne-Plaines, & on the other with pleasant Groves of Willows.
1744 J. Thomson Summer in Seasons (new ed.) 82 Burning Sands that bank the shrubby Vales.
1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. v. 291 A ridge of rocks that banked its [sc. a lake's] side.
1886 Harper's Mag. Nov. 868/2 Its crumbling walls are filled with trees and banked with weeds, its borders browed with lilacs.
1924 G. Wescott Apple of Eye iii. i. 232 The platform was banked with potted lilies.
1955 Granta 26 Nov. 9/1 Fling body on the long shelve of the grass that banks the stream.
1993 Ensign Mar. 29/2 Priesthood leaders sat in the tiers of white wooden seats, upholstered in crimson, that banked the pulpits.
2002 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 1 Sept. v. 6/1 I'm driving down a twisting, clinker-brick driveway banked by boulders, wildflowers and rare Torrey pines.
2.
a. transitive. Frequently with up. To form (earth, sand, etc.) into a bank; to heap or pile up (earth, snow, etc.) into a mound. Also reflexive and intransitive: to pile up, accumulate (also figurative).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps > accumulate > heap or pile up
heapc1000
ruck?c1225
ruckle?c1225
givelc1300
upheap1469
binga1522
pilec1540
copa1552
bank1577
hill1581
plet1584
conglomerate1596
acervate1623
coacervate1623
tilea1643
aggest1655
coacerve1660
pyramida1666
aggerate1693
big1716
bepilea1726
clamp1742
bulk1822
pang1898
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 82v Vnderneath towardes the foote of the hill, the earth must be bancked [L. puluinuli altiores excitentur], to keepe the water and the mould the better.
1767 J. Abercrombie Every Man his Own Gardener 408 Let some earth that is somewhat moist be banked up as it were against the outside roots on each side of the bed.
1826 J. H. Druery Hist. & Topographical Notices Great Yarmouth 36 Causing the sand to bank up at the mouth of the channel, and form a high bar.
1833 H. Martineau Charmed Sea iv. 59 They had banked up the snow.
1889 Good Words Mar. 154/1 The driven snow was now banking itself up in wreaths.
1938 J. Fante Wait until Spring, Bandini (1983) ix. 230 There was one spot against the right field fence in the shadows where the wind had banked the snow.
1955 Times 24 May 19/4 The six months' gap..had allowed the traffic to bank up.
1986 O. Rackham Hist. Countryside xvi. 350 Somebody had dug a pit and banked the earth around it.
2013 S. L. Osborne In Shadow of Pole viii. 158 The men banked snow along the sides of the ships, which would act as a windbreak and insulation.
b. intransitive. Frequently with up. Of clouds, smoke, etc.: to form a large or dense mass, esp. one seen from a distance; to gather. Also transitive: to cause (clouds) to gather in this way. Also in figurative contexts.Earliest spec. (originally English regional) in it is banking up: clouds are gathering; it is becoming overcast (now rare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (reflexive)] > collect into one mass or body > accumulate or heap
heap?1507
bank1808
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (intransitive)] > collect in one mass or body > accumulate > heap
bank1808
heap1873
1808 Devon & Cornwall Vocab. in Monthly Mag. Dec. 422/1 ‘It is banking up.’ Spoken of ‘a cloud gathering before a shower’—of ‘clouds heaped on clouds before a storm.’
1842 F. Marryat Percival Keene III. xxi. 264 It's banking up, sir, to the southward; I hope we are not going to have any more bad weather.
1870 Daily News 28 Dec. The smoke..was still banking up in large clouds.
1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton xxiii. 317 The clouds had got banked up in great billows of vapour.
1875 Lippincott's Mag. July 81/1 Dark-gray clouds were banking in the southwest.
1906 C. J. C. Hyne Trials Commander McTurk vi. 154 Look at the way it's bankingup. The sky's like ink already.
1920 Round Table Dec. 88 The steady march of Russia eastwards, and her threat to..the independence and future of Japan was rapidly banking up the clouds of war.
1957 N. Coward Diary 24 Feb. (2000) 351 The clouds they see banking on the horizon.
1998 Church Times 10 July 24/2 Rain clouds bank up over the cathedral, but with spaces for the sun.
3. .
a. transitive. Horticulture. To heap earth around or over (a plant, roots, etc.); spec. = earth v. 3. Frequently with up (also over, about).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivate plants or crops [verb (transitive)] > earth up
bank1577
hill1577
mould1601
earth1658
heela1722
to set up1801
landa1806
stitch1805
soil1844
earthen1904
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 56v The earth must be raysed about them [sc. cabbedges]... You must as oft as you remooue them, banke them vp with earth about them [L. terra aggeranda].
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 523 The skill and feat of baring the roots of trees, and also of hilling or banking them about.
1660 tr. R. Arnauld d'Andilly Manner of ordering Fruit-trees viii. 111 Fir-trees and Pines..must, when they are planted, be banked with earth.
1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening ii. ii. 111 You bank it [sc. a stake] up by causing Earth to be laid about the Foot of it.
1778 J. Abercrombie Universal Gardener & Botanist at Asparagus Plenty of good light earth at hand for earthing the bed, banking up the outside plants, [etc.].
1842 Gardeners' Chron. 30 Apr. 284/3 Artichokes..are cut down to within six inches of the ground and banked up.
1891 Nova Scotia Fruit Grower 59 Stand them upright and bank the roots well over with the new, damp earth.
1925 Woman's World (Chicago) Apr. 15/1 Roses should be banked with earth in the fall, just as high as possible.
2011 J. Cartwright Other People's Money (2012) 193 A hundred little lettuces, a hundred cabbages, and some mounds of potatoes, which have to be banked up and watered.
b. transitive. North American. To pile earth, wood, or plant material against (a building, cellar, or wall) in order to provide insulation against the cold. Frequently with up.
ΚΠ
1720 Rec. Dorchester Precinct 29 June in Canton (Mass.) Rec. (1896) 6 Ten Pounds granted..To repaire The Roof of ye meeting Hovse and To Bank ye out side of ye scils of sd hovse.
1779 T. B. Hazard Jrnl. 30 Nov. in Narragansett Hist. Reg. (1882) Oct. 97 Banked up the cellar wall.
1861 Amer. Agriculturist Jan. 17/2 If your cellar walls are old and poor, it may be well to bank them up with tan-bark or saw-dust, eighteen inches or two feet thick.
1896 Argosy Jan. 337/2 Jack's mother had the house banked up with earth.
1929 Amer. Speech 5 125 A Maine house..was ‘banked up’ in winter to keep the cellar from freezing, pine and hemlock boughs being used and sometimes sawdust.
1990 D. McIntosh Visits 122 A few people were banking their houses with seaweed, earth or sawdust against the coming winter.
2003 G. H. Colt Big House i. vi. 74 Cape Codders had long used Zostera marina to bank their houses and barns for the winter.
c. transitive. To cover (a fire) with tightly packed fuel so as to ensure continued slow burning. Frequently with up (also down). Also in figurative contexts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > make a fire > add fuel to (a fire)
beetc1275
timber1486
mend?a1505
stoke1735
to make up1781
bank1825
chunk1840
to stack up1892
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > make a fire > keep fire going > by covering with ashes or small coal
rekec1330
wryc1374
rakea1398
rake1530
to damp down1869
bank1923
1825 E. Hewlett Cottage Comforts vi. 42 Let the fire be banked up..with turves, which will smother on for hours.
1837 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 225/1 The boiler having been at work the previous day, the fire had been banked down at night as usual.
1860 Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 330 The fires had been banked.
1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. ii. 11 Fire—carefully banked up with damp cinders.
1921 Gas Manuf., Distribution & Use (Brit. Commerc. Gas Assoc.) ii. 56/1 The coal fire is kept going until the last thing at night, and then banked up.
1923 D. H. Lawrence Birds, Beasts & Flowers (N.Y. ed.) 73 His fires of wrath are banked down.
1977 Newfoundland Q. Dec. 37 A fire was..started and banked with sawdust and blackberry mores.
2003 J. Flanders Victorian House (2004) iv. 103 All the downstairs fireplaces were emptied of their cinders, which were sifted and used to bank up the kitchen fire.
4. intransitive. With on or on to. To be situated on or adjacent to a riverbank. rare before late 20th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > distance > nearness > be near to [verb (transitive)] > be in contact with > border on
toucha1387
coastc1400
border1535
to bound on?1577
mere1577
board1596
bank1598
skirt1602
tract1612
bounder1636
buttal1642
border1647
hadland1649
line1846
1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 49 The next Tower, or Castle bankyng also on the riuer of Thames.
1977 Oxf. Times 25 Feb. 22 Abingdon, Oxford, Shiplake and Wargrave—the four areas banking on to the Thames that are notoriously prone to flooding.
2009 Wyndham (Melbourne) Leader (Nexis) 27 Oct. 19 Outside, a native backyard with its trees and shrubs, banks on to the river.
5. Sport.
a. transitive. To play (a ball, puck, etc.) so that it rebounds off a surface or object; to take (a shot of this kind). Also intransitive. Also in extended use. Cf. bank shot n. at bank n.1 Compounds 2. Now chiefly North American.In various spec. uses including: †(a) (Bowls) to play (a ball) off the bank of a green, the wall of an enclosure, etc. (obsolete); (b) (Billiards, Snooker, and Pool) to play (the cue or object ball) off a cushion; (c) (Basketball) to play (a ball) off a backboard; (d) (Ice Hockey) to play (a puck) off a backboard, wall, etc.With quot. 1604 cf. banker n.3 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > play at ball [verb (intransitive)] > hit in specific manner
bank1604
English1875
slice1890
1604 T. Middleton Blacke Bk. sig. D4 Your cheating Bowler that will bancke false of purpose, and loose a game of twelue-pence to purchase his Partner twelue shillings in Bettes, and so share it after the Play.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Bricoler, to tosse, or strike a ball sidewayes..; also, to banke, at bowles.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. v. 263 Bank, is to lay the Ball at a certain place by striking it [in the game of Truck].
1725 N. Bailey tr. Erasmus All Familiar Colloquies 42 You have no other Way for it, but to bank your Bowl so [L. sic mittas sphaeram tuam in parietem], as to make it rebound on mine.
1869 J. Roberts & H. Buck Roberts on Billiards 30 To bank. To cannon or hazard by bricole.
1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xlvii. 336 Cheese it, pard; you've banked your ball clean outside the string.
1890 J. F. B. McCleery McCleery Method Billiard Playing 57 Place cue ball on spot. Bank at the three different angles.
1917 Harvard Illustr. Mag. 20 Jan. 205/2 It is difficult to bank the puck on the boards.
1935 M. A. Peterman Secrets of Winning Basketball 25 The shooter advances one foot in banking a shot from the right or left.
1988 R. Platt & O. Platt Letting Blood (1990) i. 8 Montana banked his crumpled cup into the trash can.
1996 S. Gould Wildside (1997) ii. 32 He banked the six ball into the side pocket.
2013 Hoosier Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 21 Apr. (Herald-Times ed.) b7/3 Miller..did an up-and-under between two defenders under the basket and banked the ball off the glass.
b. intransitive. North American. Of a ball, puck, etc.: to rebound off a surface or object in this way. Frequently with off, against.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > rebound > [verb (intransitive)]
to pilt up againa1200
bolt?c1225
rebounda1398
redoundc1500
stot1513
to strike upward1530
band1580
recoil1591
bound1597
result1598
retort1599
resile1641
bandy1658
resiliate1755
ricochet1804
reverberate1817
kick1832
dap1851
bounce1887
bank1962
1962 Pittsburgh Courier 24 Feb. 28 While the ball ‘banked’ off the wall, Clemente waited in the perfect rebounding spot.
1982 Washington Post 7 Mar. f2/2 All he could do was sight and shoot. The ball banked cleanly home.
2000 B. Broeg 100 Greatest Moments in St. Louis Sports 144/2 The puck banked off one goalpost to the other and found the net.
2002 Sci. Amer. Nov. 80/1 When a ball banks against a cushion, the angle of incidence is exactly equal to the angle of reflection.
†6. transitive. Perhaps: to pass along the border of (a place). Obsolete.Some commentators have interpreted this quot. as involving a punning allusion to winning at cards, but bank in the sense of winning money or gambling is not otherwise recorded until the 19th cent. (cf. bank v.2 2b, 4).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct (one's course, steps, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > pass along outskirts of
coastc1400
trend1580
banka1616
skirt1735
to scrape along1884
outskirt1898
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > move past > closely
coastc1400
shore1592
butt1594
banka1616
skirt1735
verge1890
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) v. ii. 104 Haue I not heard these Islanders shout out Uiue le Roy; as I haue bank'd their Townes? View more context for this quotation
7.
a. transitive. Mining. Chiefly with out. To deposit (coal, as it is drawn up from a mine) into a heap at the mouth of the pit; to treat a pit in this way. Cf. bank n.1 12. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > other (coal-)mining procedures
underbeit1670
buck1683
bank1705
bunding1747
urge1758
slappet1811
tamp1819
jowl1825
stack1832
sprag1841
hurry1847
bottom1851
salt1852
pipe1861
mill1868
tram1883
stope1886
sump1910
crow-pick1920
stockpile1921
spec1981
1705 Acct. 8 Mar. in Accts. Coal Pits Farnley (Leeds Univ. MS11) f. 129v To Horrie ye earth & to Banke ye pit.
1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 6. Bank-out, to teem the coals into a heap as they are drawn, instead of into the waggons.
1875 Trans. North of Eng. Inst. Mining Engineers 24 185 The coal is banked out during the suspension of navigation in winter.
1901 Jrnl. Canad. Mining. Inst. 4 235 When the railway reached the mine there was a stock of 10,000 tons of coal banked out.
1949 D. H. Rowlands Coal xii. 158 The whole complicated process of banking out the coal and cleaning, washing, and preparing it for market.
b. transitive. North American. To pile up (logs) for transportation at a riverbank or other landing place. Cf. banking ground n. at banking n.1 Compounds. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [verb (transitive)] > pile up logs for transport
bank1848
bunch1905
1848 Boston Post 17 Feb. Timbered heavy with the very best of timber, and in the most convenient situation for cheapness in banking logs, &c.
1856 Trans. Michigan Agric. Soc. 7 828 There will be logs enough cut and ‘banked’ for 100,000,000 feet of lumber. We are informed that the amount now banked daily, will amount to 2,500,000 feet.
1888 B.C. Moon 21 Apr. Wright & Davis..have purchased the logs banked at West Superior.
1904 S. E. White Blazed Trail Stories iii. 40 The firm agreed to pay..for all saw-logs banked at a rollway.
2009 E. J. Danziger Great Lakes Indian Accomm. & Resistance during Early Reservation Years, 1850–1900 i. ii. 77 Weekly reports on logging operations, including number of logs cut and banked from a particular parcel of reservation land.
8.
a. intransitive. Of a moving part of a mechanism or device, esp. a watch or clock: to strike another part or against a housing or enclosure (often with against); (of a mechanism or device) to have a part which does this, esp. as a defect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [verb (intransitive)] > make contact (of parts)
bank1766
1766 Philos. Trans. 1765 (Royal Soc.) 55 207 The brass pin..is for the other arm of the beam to bank against.
1805 Philos. Mag. 21 181 A movable piece on the axis of the balance, which banks against a pin.
1881 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 55 If the watch persistently banks it is an indication that the balance is too light.
1918 K. Edgcumbe Industr. Electr. Measuring Instruments (ed. 2) 350 The weight must be correctly proportioned, as if it is too great the escapement will ‘bank’, and the clock will be damaged.
1961 Res. Appl. in Industry 14 179/1 The extent of the oscillations were limited by a pin in the balance banking against a hog's bristle.
2011 G. Daniels Watchmaking (rev. ed.) viii. 246 The exit locking stone will bank on the back of the escape-wheel tooth before the roller pin can leave the fork of the lever.
b. transitive. To limit or control the motion of part of (a mechanism or device, esp. a watch or clock), as by the placement of obstructing pins; to limit or control the motion of (a moving part) in this way. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [verb (transitive)] > use particular materials or procedures in watchmaking
jewel1764
bank1807
1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. xvii. 199 To prevent this accident, a small bar or pin is usually fixed on the balance spring... This arrangement is called banking the balance.
1826 Trans. Soc. Encouragem. Arts, Manuf., & Commerce 44 109 The inferior escapements are very easily banked; a pin fixed in the balance, coming in contact with one or two studs, is sufficient for that purpose.
1910 Electr. Rev. 28 May 1130/3 It gives the armature a rapid to-and-fro vibration, banked by the springs.
1969 U.S. Patent 3,425,212 1/2 Lever 12 is banked by engagement of a pallet pin with the cylindrical root portion of the escape wheel.
9. transitive. Angling. To bring (a fish) to shore; to succeed in landing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [verb (transitive)] > bring to bank
landa1609
play1740
work1825
bank1837
creel1844
grass1856
to bring (a hooked fish) to gaff1886
to play along1921
1837 New Sporting Mag. Apr. 226 Snap-fishing for pike, landing a very fine Jack, which, however, succeeds in getting free from your hook the moment he is banked.
1873 G. C. Davies Mountain, Meadow & Mere ii. 11 Scarcely giving a flap of the tail till they were banked.
1986 Coarse Fishing June 47/1 A very silvery looking rudd of 2:8 ½ was banked during one otherwise blank session.
2009 Times 6 Apr. 59/1 Which, he asked, would I rather bank—the biggest fish in a water or the most difficult?
†10. transitive (in passive) and intransitive. To be sheltered under a bank. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > take or seek refuge [verb (intransitive)] > take shelter > in specific place
embower1591
hut1691
bank1865
1865 W. White Eastern Eng. I. 110 As decoy men say, they are then comfortably banked.
1892 Field 2 Apr. 475/1 [The fox] banked in a crag, hounds baying at him for some minutes.
11. transitive. To assist (a train) in ascending an incline by the temporary addition of an extra engine, typically at the rear. Often with up. Cf. banking engine n. at banking n.1 Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > steam locomotive > to assist in climbing steep slopes
bank engine1835
banking engine1838
pilot engine1839
banker1852
bank1866
roof garden1932
1866 Rep. Inspecting Officers Accidents on Railways 85/1 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 3609) LXIII. 115 Take Notice that tomorrow (Tuesday) the 27th inst. you will have to bank up the train leaving Bury at 10.40a.m. from Radcliffe to Ringley with engine Zamiel.
1889 Railway Accidents: Returns 112/2 in Parl. Papers (C. 5666) LXVII. 63 In all cases in which a passenger train had been banked up during the week, the engine had always been attached to the back of the train.
1908 Model Engineer & Electr. 11 June 570 The practice of banking trains out of Euston, up the Camden incline.
1987 Rail Enthusiast Nov. 58/1 On Summer Saturdays, a single loco is often stationed there in case of difficulty, or to bank the Bristol–Glasgow sleeper.
2001 I. Carter Railways & Culture Brit. xi. 300 As every British schoolboy used to know, almost all trains had to be banked up the steepest main line gradient in England, Worcestershire's Lickey Bank.
12. transitive. Horse Riding. Of a horse: to jump on to the top of (a fence, bank, or other obstacle) and off the other side, rather than clearing it in one jump. Cf. banker n.3 6.In quot. 1892 apparently: to jump banks in (a field) in this manner.
ΚΠ
1892 Live Stock Jrnl. Almanac 34 Over a meadow the next fence was a big bank on and off into a road, and then they [sc. horses] ascended a steep hill, banking field after field to a flag-post at the top.
1938 Times 3 Jan. 5 He [sc. the horse] took off too soon, banked the fence, and Mr. Strutt came off.
1946 L. Edwards in B. Vesey-Fitgerald Bk. of Horse ii. 294 To prove they are meant for banks it will be noted that one horse is ‘banking’ the fence out of the lane.
1948 'Sabretache' Monarchy & Chase xv. 156 Most present day jockeys would have come a ‘purler’ when the horse banked a fence.
1974 Chron. Horse 25 Jan. 18/1 The 3 others banked the slippery surfaced jump, causing tense moments for riders and spectators alike.
2007 S. McBane 100 Ways to Perfect Equine Partnership 41/1 The usual rules of jump construction apply:..straw bales as fillers under poles only, not alone in case the horse banks them, and so on.
13.
a. intransitive. Of a vehicle, esp. an aeroplane: to tilt sideways towards the inside of a turn in the course of executing it; (of a pilot, driver, etc.) to cause a vehicle to tilt in this way. Cf. bank n.1 8.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > fly [verb (intransitive)] > incline laterally when turning
bank1909
society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (transitive)] > cause aircraft to move in specific manner
bank1909
side-slip1911
slip1911
overbank1915
spin1918
yaw1920
hover1967
1909 H. Delacombe Boys’ Bk. Airships iii. ix. 227 When turning in the air the machine is made to ‘bank’ over by warping the back edges of the main planes.
1913 C. Mellor Airman vi. 29 We swung round left-handed and the machine ‘banked’ up to the right.
1956 Amer. Motorcycle June 13/1 Banking too sharply on this loose sand or gravel can result in a spill.
1975 D. Lodge Changing Places vi. 218 The British Captain manipulates the controls to bank in the opposite direction.
2008 S. N. Pisanos Flying Greek xv. 169 I was climbing and banking sharply left and right, looking behind me the whole way.
b. transitive. To cause (an aeroplane or other vehicle) to tilt sideways in the execution of a turn; to turn (a vehicle) in this way.
ΚΠ
1911 C. Grahame-White & H. Harper Aeroplane 133 He ‘banked’ his biplane over too sharply.
1929 Alton (Illinois) Evening Tel. 25 May 11/4 The trouble lies not in the height, but in banking the wings too close to the ground.
1945 Amer. Ski Ann. 55/1 Try banking a bike under these circumstances and you'll experience what happens to the banking skier in every tight place—a spill on the inside hip.
1978 Pop. Sci. Jan. 114/3 He banked the plane three degrees to complete the first turn and headed for the second turn.
2003 C. J. Brauner Last Good War ix. 110 The pilots banked their planes and reefed their turns in tight to give their rear-seat gunners a crack at the nearest Betty.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bankv.2

Brit. /baŋk/, U.S. /bæŋk/
Forms: see bank n.3
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: bank n.3
Etymology: < bank n.3 With sense 1 compare earlier banker n.2
1.
†a. transitive. To lend (money) at interest. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > lend (money) [verb (transitive)] > lend at interest
lenda900
ockera1382
to set out1533
to lend out (or forth)1549
bank1567
to put forth1572
leta1605
to let outa1616
usure1620
fenerate1623
loan1740
1567 [implied in: T. Drant tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Bvj Ritche in banqued goulde [L. positis in fenore nummis]. (at banked adj.2)].
1659 Maze 19 Those, who were scarcely Savers at home, in the time of Peace; are now become Usurers abroad, in this time of Warre... [Note] Make inquiry at the Leopard, the Unicorne, the Victory... And some of these will acquaint you better, where these Gebezzais have banked their treasure.
b. intransitive. To deal in money; to be engaged in the business of banking. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > keep bank or act as banker [verb (intransitive)]
bank1606
1606 [implied in: P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 70 My father was a Banking-monie changer [L. argentarius], And I am now a Corinth-Vessell-munger. (at banking adj.1)].
1738 E. Chambers Cycl. (ed. 2) Banker, a person who banks, that is, negotiates, and trafficks in money.
1836 R. W. Gill & J. Johnson Rep. Court of Appeals Maryland 6 100 Before the charter of the Union Bank was granted, an association of individuals had been banking under certain articles.
1864 T. Guthrie Platform Sayings 78 I was a banker for two years... If I preached as well as I banked, I would get on remarkably well.
1912 E. V. Lucas Wanderer in Florence v. 60 Giovanni [de' Medici] had been a banker before everything, Cosimo an administrator... Lorenzo continued to bank but mismanaged the work and lost heavily.
2006 S. B. Siegmund Medici State & Ghetto of Florence ii. 1010 Salamone di Isac had been banking in Bibbiena since 1567.
2.
a. transitive. To deposit (money, valuables, etc.) in a bank.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > deposit (money)
to pay in1623
deposit1735
bank1792
1792 Star 1 May It is known that the patriots have their manifesto ready drawn—that they have money banked.
1838 Actors by Daylight 1 55 After having ‘banked’ their cash.
1864 G. A. Sala in Daily Tel. 11 Oct. Those who have..banked their greenbacks.
1897 Pacific Reporter 49 461/1 Defendants in the meantime had banked the [promissory] note with the London & San Francisco Bank.
1921 Mod. Hosp. June 531/2 Sales are recorded by a cash register and the money is banked every afternoon.
1995 Holiday Which? Sept. 192/3 Be careful not to bank any cheque that fails to meet your claim in full.
b. transitive. colloquial (originally U.S.). To win or earn (a sum of money).
ΚΠ
1860 ‘M. Twain’ Let. ?27 June (1988) I. 97 I can ‘bank’ in the neighborhood of $100 a month on her [sc. a boat], and that will satisfy me for the present.
1936 Ogden (Utah) Standard-Examiner 3 Feb. 7/8 The veteran Hunter, finishing in the money in three of the eight tournaments staged, banked a total of $3308.34.
1975 W. Kennedy Legs 21 Filetti..had recently banked twenty-five thousand dollars in one day.
2012 Sun (Nexis) 3 Sept. 50 The Aberdeen ace banked a cool £277,420 for winning the Omega European Masters in Switzerland.
†c. transitive. To convert (an asset) into a more readily accessible form of wealth; = realize v.2 8a. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (transitive)] > convert into cash or capital
negotiate1671
realize1720
capitalize1797
cash1811
encash1861
bank1868
unfreeze1933
strip1972
1868 Daily News 2 Sept. 6/6 If parliament were to bank this whole estate.
3. intransitive. To hold an account or do business with a bank or banker; to be a customer of, or use the services provided by, a bank. Usually with prepositional phrase or adverb specifying a particular bank or type of banking.In quot. 1880 in extended use: to borrow money.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > keep bank or act as banker [verb (intransitive)] > keep account at bank
bank1809
1809 Ann. Reg. 1807 (Otridge ed.) Chron. 490/2 The prisoner further stated, that he banked with Prescott and Grote, but not with any other banker.
1833 H. Martineau Berkeley the Banker i. i. 4 A man who brings a splendid capital, and will, no doubt, bank with us at D——.
1880 W. D. Howells Undiscovered Country vi. 103 You'll have to bank with me to the extent of tickets home.
1901 Irish Rep. 1 207 Interest-bearing deposits..are now made by classes of the community which in former times never banked at all.
1921 Weekly Underwriter 26 Nov. 1029/2 Where do you bank? First National?
1977 Cincinnati Mag. Feb. 30 (advt.) I guess that's why I bank at Provident.
2006 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 23 July 37/1 Queenslanders who bank online have been warned against a new wave of fraudulent emails asking them for secret log-ons and passwords.
4. intransitive. In certain gambling games: to act as banker. Also transitive: to act as banker in (a game).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > play games of chance [verb (intransitive)] > form bank
bank1827
1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. xiii. 259 The plan will be for two to bank against the table.
1895 R. H. Savage In Old Chateau iii. 56 They drew to see who should bank the game.
1906 Reader Feb. 235/2 Finny banked and spun the wheel.
2006 D. G. Schwartz Roll Bones xiii. 317 In some clubs the right to bank the game was put out to bid, as in chemin-de-fer.
5. Originally U.S.
a. transitive. To base (a plan, one's hopes, etc.) with confidence on someone or something.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > have confidence in, trust [verb (transitive)]
trowc888
trista1272
trestc1275
ween1340
affy?a1400
betrustc1440
strust1450
traist1473
atristc1475
intrastea1500
betrow?1567
confide1632
salve1646
bank1872
1872 Rep. Joint Select Comm. Late Insurrectionary States (42nd Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Rep. No. 72) I. 338 He said he banked his election on registration. I told him, then, not bank it on judges.
1894 E. G. Jones Oregonian's Handbk. Pacific Northwest 397 The piece of property..on which Harris had so long banked his hopes for future riches.
1921 Munsey's Mag. Nov. 372/1 He banked all his hopes on me—an orator, a statesman in the family—and I threw him down hard!
1958 L. Uris Exodus iv. vi. 523 He banked his defensive plan on the presumption that Kassi would try a direct frontal assault.
2011 Sunday Business Post (Ireland) (Nexis) 20 Mar. With development lagging, the government has banked its hopes on the privatisation scheme.
b. intransitive. With on or upon, or with that-clause. To rely on or put one's trust in someone or something; to be confident that something is the case or will happen. Frequently in to bank on: to count on. Cf. to put one's money on at put v. Phrases 7.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > trust in, rely on [verb (transitive)]
to set one's heart on (also (in)c825
littenc1175
leanc1230
fie1340
trusta1382
resta1393
reappose1567
repose1567
lite1570
rely1574
to set (up) one's rest1579
rely1606
to look back1646
recumba1677
to pin one's faith (also hope, etc.) on (also to) a person's sleeve1791
to look to ——1807
bank1884
1884 B. Nye Baled Hay 127 The man who ranks as a dignified snoozer, and banks on winning wealth and a deathless name.
1892 Congress. Rec. Apr. App. 249/2 I am not banking heavily on [him]..as an honest man.
1898 Sun (N.Y.) 14 Sept. The Democrats are banking upon this movement to help them out this fall.
1903 A. Adams Log of Cowboy vi. 79 I was banking plenty strong, that next year..I'd take her home with me.
1949 D. Smith I capture Castle (U.K. ed.) i. ix. 152 ‘Don't bank on things too much,’ I begged. ‘Simon may not have the faintest idea of proposing.’
1996 Wanderlust Oct. 41/2 Scheduled airlines routinely over-book their flights, banking on ‘no-shows’.
2009 C. Lawrence Cult of Celebrity 108 Advertisers are banking on the fact that because Simpson is a celebrity, I will want to wear whatever she's wearing.
6. transitive. To store (cells, tissues, organs, etc.) for possible use in transfusion, transplantation, etc. Cf. bank n.3 6c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical services and administration > of service: perform administrative function [verb (transitive)] > store blood or tissue
bank1938
1938 Life 28 Feb. 33/2 Here you see how blood is taken in, banked and given out.
1963 Guardian 17 July 1/1 Aortic heart valves from young victims of road crashes are being ‘banked’ by a team of doctors to replace those of older people.
1994 Environmental Health Perspectives 102 58/1 Developing uniform standards governing the privacy of organs, blood, and tissues banked for clinical purposes.
2014 Irish Times (Nexis) 14 Oct. 2 If a 25-year-old banks her eggs and, at 35, is up for a huge promotion, she can go for it wholeheartedly without worrying about missing out on having a baby.
7. transitive. To store up (something immaterial) for later use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > specific something immaterial
fund1806
bank1950
1950 in Foreign Relations of U.S. (1976) VII. 1369 It is a saying in the State Department that with communistic regimes you can't bank goodwill; they balance their books every night.
1987 A. Lauffer Working in Social Work viii. 230 Steve sometimes ‘banked’ time by putting extra hours in, then took a ‘withdrawal’ during exam week.
1998 P. M. Emerson et al. in R. Kiy & J. D. Wirth Environmental Managem. on N. America's Borders v. 136 EPA rules allow sources to ‘bank’ their credits for emissions reductions.
2012 Capital (Annapolis, Maryland) (Nexis) 8 July d1 As the boys grew up, Jackie and Dan saved money and banked leave time so they could take off a year for a family adventure, sailing to the Bahamas.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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