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单词 newcastle
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Newcastlen.1

Brit. /ˈnjuːkɑːsl/, /ˈnjuːkasl/, /njᵿˈkasl/, U.S. /ˈn(j)uˌkæs(ə)l/
Forms: 1600s– Newcastle, 1700s–1800s New-Castle.
Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Newcastle.
Etymology: < Newcastle (more fully Newcastle upon Tyne), the name of a city in the north of England.
Only in attributive use.
1. Newcastle coal n. (a piece of) coal exported from Newcastle, formerly a major port used in this trade. Now historical (but cf. to carry coals to Newcastle at coal n. Phrases 7).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun]
coal1253
sea-coal1253
pit-coal1483
cannel1541
earth coala1552
horse coal1552
Newcastle coal1552
stone-coal1585
cannel coal1587
parrot1594
burn-coal1597
lithanthrax1612
stony coal1617
Welsh coala1618
land-coala1661
foot coal1665
peacock coal1686
rough coal1686
white coal1686
heathen-coalc1697
coal-stone1708
round1708
stone-coal1708
bench-coal1712
slipper coal1712
black coal1713
culm1742
rock coal1750
board coal1761
Bovey coal1761
house coal1784
mineral coal1785
splint1789
splint coal1789
jet coal1794
anthracite1797
wood-coal1799
blind-coal1802
black diamond1803
silk-coal1803
glance-coal1805
lignite1808
Welsh stone-coal1808
soft1811
spout coals1821
spouter1821
Wallsend1821
brown coal1833
paper coal1833
steam-coal1850
peat-coal1851
cherry-coal1853
household1854
sinter coal1854
oil coal1856
raker1857
Kilkenny coal1861
Pottery coal1867
silkstone1867
block coal1871
admiralty1877
rattlejack1877
bunker1883
fusain1883
smitham1883
bunker coal1885
triping1886
trolley coal1890
kibble1891
sea-borne1892
jet1893
steam1897
sack coal1898
Welsh1898
navigation coal1900
Coalite1906
clarain1919
durain1919
vitrain1919
single1921
kolm1930
hards1956
1552 T. Barnabe Let. 1 Oct. in R. H. Tawney & E. Power Tudor Econ. Documents (1924) II. 99 Newcastle coals, which without that they [sc. the French] can neither make stele-work, or metal-work, nor wyre-work, nor goldsmith-work.
1620 J. Taylor Praise of Hemp-seed in Wks. (1630) 66 If the blacke Indians or Newcastle coales Came not in Fleets, like fishes in the sholes.
1667 S. Pepys Diary 8 Sept. (1974) VIII. 426 Nova Scotia, which hath a River 300 miles up the country, with copper mines more then Swedeland and Newcastle coals, the only place in America that hath coals that we know of.
1732 S.-Carolina Gaz. 2 Sept. 4/1 To be Sold by Mr. John King,..Silks English and Italian, Newcastle Coals, &c.
1804 Ann. Rev. 2 63 It is remarkable that Newcastle coal should be cheaper than coal carried landways.
1831 Cat's Tail 13 Not a soul Would have known him, I'm sure, from a Newcastle coal.
1912 Amer. Econ. Rev. 2 647 The ‘Limitation of Vends’ for Newcastle coal..was investigated and reported on by several parliamentary committees.
1992 J. Rule Vital Cent. 227 Faversham sent 353 ships in 1728 loaded with the hops and malting barley to be brewed with Newcastle coal.
2003 I. Friel Maritime Hist. Brit. & Ireland iii. 68 Newcastle coal was unloaded in both the east and south coast ports of England, including London, which was probably the biggest domestic market for the coal.
2. Designating a type of strong brown ale. Now esp. in Newcastle brown (ale). Cf. Newkie n.The form Newcastle Brown Ale is a proprietary name in the United Kingdom and the United States; Newcastle Brown is also a proprietary term in the United Kingdom.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > ale > [noun] > other ales
strawberry ale1523
red ale1557
sixteens1584
bottle ale1586
hostler ale1590
Pimlico1609
eyebright1612
quest-ale1681
hugmatee1699
Newcastle brown (ale)1707
pale ale1708
twopenny ale (or beer)1710
twoops1729
flux ale1742
pale1743
Ringwood1759
brown ale1776
light ale1780
blue cap1789
brown1820
India pale ale1837
Tipper1843
ostler ale1861
fourpenny ale1871
four-ale1883
ninepenny1886
Scotch1886
barley wine1940
IPA1953
light1953
real ale1972
1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 105 He..allows Newcastle-Ale and Salmon to be the most superlative Diet in the Universe.
1771 J. Cunningham Poems (ed. 2) 150 (title of poem) Newcastle beer.
1890 A. Barnard Noted Breweries Great Brit. & Irel. III. 173 The only product of the [Tyne] brewery was the ancient and popular Newcastle sweet mild ale, a local beer, sweet in flavour and brewed for immediate consumption.
1972 J. Wainwright Requiem for Loser ii. 43 A beer?.. There's a can o' Newcastle Brown in the fridge.
1977 N.Z. Listener 15 Jan. 17/1 Between performances he telephoned his wife in London, pottered around on the golf course, downed Newcastle ale and frequented ‘The Pinocchio’, a Sunderland pizzeria.
2012 G. Oliver Oxf. Compan. Beer 608/1 Newcastle Brown Ale's famous five-pointed blue star logo with its overlaid Newcastle city silhouette represents the five breweries..that combined to form Newcastle Breweries Ltd in 1890.
3. Designating, relating to, or made from a type of colour-free glass manufactured in Newcastle; esp. in Newcastle glass.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass > other types of glass
mirror glass1440
Venice glass1527
green glass1559
bubble glass1591
hard glass1597
window glass1606
bottle glass1626
looking-glass plate1665
opal glass1668
flint-glass1683
broad-glass1686
jealous glass1703
plate glass1728
Newcastle glass1734
flint1755
German sheet glass1777
Réaumur's porcelain1777
cut glass1800
Vauxhall1830
muslin glass1837
Venetian glass1845
latticinio1855
quartz glass1861
muff glass1865
thallium glass1868
St. Gobain glass1870
frost blue1873
crackle-glass1875
opaline1875
crackle-ware1881
amberina1883
opal1885
Jena1892
Holophane1893
roughcast1893
soda glass1897
opalite1899
milchglas1907
pâte de verre1907
Pyrex1915
silica glass1916
soda-lime glass1917
Vita-glass1925
peach-blow1930
borosilicate glass1933
Vitrolite1937
twin plate1939
sintered glass1940
gold-film1954
Plyglass1956
pyroceram1957
float glass1959
solar glass1977
1734 Builder's Dict. I. at Glass It [sc. French glass] is a thinner and more transparent Glass than our Newcastle Glass.
1754 Contract of Agreem. building Exchange Edinb. (Edinb. Town Council) Wainscot-sashes, with best Newcastle crown-glass, at 3s. 6d.
1779 W. Cowper Let. 26 May (1979) I. 295 I shall be obliged..if you will inquire at a Glass Manufacturer's, how he sells his Newcastle Glass, such as is used for Frames & Hot Houses.
1843 H. W. Herbert Deerstalkers iii. 53 Four tall pint beakers of clear crystal, and four yet more capacious tumblers of New-Castle cut glass.
1883 J. W. Mollett Illustr. Dict. Art & Archæol. 225/1 Newcastle glass, a crown glass, held the best for windows from 1728 to 1830... It was of an ash colour,..and frequently warped.
1923 H. J. Powell Glass-making in Pottery vii. 93 In later years John Tyzack's warehouse for Newcastle glass near the Old Swan Stairs was well known.
1961 E. M. Elville Collector's Dict. Glass 142/2 There is no shadow of doubt that the Newcastle style was popular abroad.
1965 P. M. Hubbard Hive of Glass i. 9 It was..[a] quite faultless Newcastle light baluster..ten inches high, the rounded perfect bowl perched on a breathless series of knobs.
1972 Country Life 28 Dec. 1783/2 The great rarities in this sale were two Dutch engraved Newcastle glasses of the mid-18th century.
2009 H. Berry in K. Harvey Hist. & Material Culture vii. 147 The technique of perfecting the inclusion of air bubbles, or 'tear drops', in the knop was also a distinctive feature of Newcastle glass.
4. Designating a type of coarse pottery manufactured in Newcastle or the surrounding area.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > English pottery
Staffordshire ware1765
Staffordshire1774
crouch-ware1817
Newcastle1817
Mocha1837
Castleford1863
Jackfield ware1866
Plymouth earthenware1878
Wrotham1884
Jackfield1892
Ruskin1903
Sunderland lustre1903
Poole pottery1924
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy (1830) II. ix. 120 We can buy your north o' England wares, as Manchester wares, Sheffield wares, and Newcastle earthen-ware, as cheap as you can at Liverpool.
1874 L. W. Eng. Pottery & Porcelain 40 The principal marks on Sunderland and Newcastle pottery are (stamped in the clay or printed in transfer).
1909 A. Hayden Chats Old Earthenware xiv. 458 There is a Newcastle earthenware butter-dish printed and coloured, with an English soldier greeting a French soldier, and motto, ‘May they ever be united’.
1966 G. A. Godden Illustr. Encycl. Brit. Pottery & Porcelain 162 (caption) Newcastle earthenware plate, decorated with pink lustre formal scene.
1971 R. C. Bell Tyneside Pottery ii. 95/2 The Willett Collection in the Brighton Museum contains two rare earthenware mugs marked ‘Newcastle Pottery’.
2009 Country Life 30 Sept. 86/2 Then,..there is a ‘probably Newcastle Pottery’ pink lustre jug commemorating Grace Darling.
5. Newcastle disease n. [first recorded in Britain near Newcastle in 1927] an acute, infectious, often fatal disease of birds (esp. poultry) caused by a paramyxovirus and characterized by lethargy followed by paralysis and difficulty in breathing; also called fowl pest.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of birds > [noun] > fowl pest
fowl pest1909
Newcastle disease1927
1927 T. M. Doyle in Jrnl. Compar. Pathol. & Therapeutics 40 144 In order to facilitate description we propose to refer to it [sc. a virus disease of fowls] as ‘Newcastle disease’.
1938 Poultry Keepers' Year Bk. v. 178 Newcastle Disease is notifiable to the Ministry of Agriculture... Recognisable by dribbling from beak and sudden death of many birds at the same time.
1955 Sci. News Let. 21 May 326/3 Newcastle disease virus, cause of a frequently fatal epidemic in poultry..can also cause eye inflammation in humans.
1972 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 9 Jan. 35/5 Vaccination of hens against Newcastle disease is being urged by the B.C. Poultry Commissioner.
1990 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 21 Sept. 11/1 The committee..nominated African swine fever, sheep pox and Newcastle disease, which affects poultry, as high priority diseases.
2009 D. J. Alexander in I. Capua & D. J. Alexander Avian Influenza & Newcastle Dis. ii. 24/1 Newcastle disease remains enzootic in poultry or other avian sectors..in many areas of the world.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Newcastlen.2

Brit. /ˈnjuːkɑːsl/, /ˈnjuːkasl/, U.S. /ˈn(j)uˌkæs(ə)l/
Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Newcastle.
Etymology: < the title of Henry Pelham-Clinton, fourth Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme (1785–1851).
I. Compounds.
1. attributive. Designating or relating to the scholarship established at Eton College in 1829 by Henry Pelham-Clinton, fourth Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > [noun] > scholarships
scholarship1535
demyship1536
burse1560
exhibition1631
travelling fellowship1694
bursary1733
travelling scholarship1798
studentship1802
Newcastle1832
pupilship1838
Newcastle1845
state scholarship1849
Ireland1861
bursarship1864
schol1888
freeship1893
Rhodes scholarship1902
Fulbright1952
schoolmaster studentship1957
assisted place1977
Rhodes1994
1832 Eton College Mag. 25 June 7 It was on the second of April..that we went up for the last Newcastle scholarship.
1875 H. C. Maxwell-Lyte Hist. Eton Coll. xix. 369 One Newcastle Scholar is elected annually after a competitive examination open to Oppidans and Collegers alike.
1884 E. W. Hamilton Diary 5 Nov. (1972) II. 725 Dined at Dilke's—Chamberlain, Sir L. Playfair, Lord Advocate, L. Lawson, Romer, and Kennedy (the Newcastle Scholar of my day).
1959 Chambers's Encycl. V. 422/1 The classical tradition in Eton education, strengthened by the institution of the Newcastle scholarship in 1829, remains strong to-day.
1983 M. Cox M. R. James v. 47 He..had academic ability as well, gaining a place in the Newcastle Select in 1882, the year Monty was a Scholar.
II. Simple uses.
2. The Newcastle scholarship.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > [noun] > scholarships
scholarship1535
demyship1536
burse1560
exhibition1631
travelling fellowship1694
bursary1733
travelling scholarship1798
studentship1802
Newcastle1832
pupilship1838
Newcastle1845
state scholarship1849
Ireland1861
bursarship1864
schol1888
freeship1893
Rhodes scholarship1902
Fulbright1952
schoolmaster studentship1957
assisted place1977
Rhodes1994
1845 J. C. Patteson Let. in C. M. Yonge Life J. C. Patteson (1874) I. ii. 46 Do not distress yourself about this unfortunate failure as to the Newcastle.
1879 C. M. Yonge Magnum Bonum ii. xxiv. 484 But you did like Eton so, and you were going to get the Newcastle and the Prince Consort's Prize.
1922 S. Leslie Oppidan vii. 83 I would rather get the Newcastle than make a century at Lord's.
1953 H. Nicolson Diary 3 Jan. (1968) 236 I feel as if I had got a fourth prize in scripture when I should have liked the Newcastle.
1975 Times 18 Oct. 7/5 My [sc. Harold Macmillan's] brother Daniel had won the Newcastle at Eton.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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