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单词 nome
释义

nomen.1

Origin: Either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (ii) a borrowing from early Scandinavian, combined with an English element. Or (iii) formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: naam n.; naam n.; English nome.
Etymology: Either a variant of naam n. after nome, past participle of nim v., or independently < the early Scandinavian etymon of naam n. with alteration of the vowel after nome, past participle of nim v., or directly < nome, past participle of nim v.
Obsolete. rare.
1. The act of seizing.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > seizing > [noun]
nomea1300
arrestc1386
seizingc1400
rugging1507
rapping1541
grasping1546
seizement1581
expropriation1626
possessionc1693
grabbing1788
grab1835
a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 600 In water ȝe is wis of heuekes come—& we in boke wið deules nome.
2. A hostage, a prisoner.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > [noun] > captivity > a captive
nomea1325
caitiff1330
captive?a1400
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2268 Wel fagen he was of here come For he was numen ðor to nome.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2019).

nomen.2

Brit. /nəʊm/, U.S. /noʊm/
Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek νομός.
Etymology: < ancient Greek νομός district, province, especially district in ancient Egypt < an ablaut variant of the base of νέμειν to deal, distribute, hold, manage (see nim v.). Compare classical Latin nomos . Compare French nome (1731 in sense 2).
1. poetic. A social class. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > [noun] > distinction of class > level or grade
mannishOE
placec1330
state1340
gree1382
conditionc1384
sectc1384
sortc1386
ordera1400
raff?a1400
degreea1425
countenancec1477
faction?1529
estate1530
race1563
calibre1567
being1579
coat1579
rang1580
rank1585
tier1590
classis1597
strain1600
consequence1602
regiment1602
sept1610
standinga1616
class1629
species1629
nome1633
quality1636
sort1671
size1679
situation1710
distinction1721
walk of life1733
walk1737
stage1801
strata1805
grade1808
caste1816
social stratum1838
station1842
stratum1863
echelon1950
1633 J. Ford Loves Sacrifice v Rise and fight, Or, by the glories of my nome and name, I'le kill thee basely.
1969 R. Kelly Common Shore 67 We will be masters In the people yet, There will be nomes of upper and lower.
2. Each of the thirty-six territorial divisions of ancient Egypt. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > in ancient Egypt
nomea1727
a1727 I. Newton Short. Chron. 1st Memory in Chronol. Anc. Kingdoms Amended (1728) 22 Sesac. distributes Egypt into xxxvi Nomes, and in every Nome erects a Temple.
1773 Ld. Monboddo Orig. & Progress of Lang. (1774) I. iii. xiii. 638 They were so particular as to name the nome or district in Egypt.
1817 W. Gifford Satires of Juvenal & Persius II. xv. 191 Savage as the nome appears, it vies In luxury..With dissolute Canopus.
1869 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. 234 The division of the whole country into nomes was maintained; and most of the old nomes were kept.
1895 A. H. Sayce Egypt of Hebrews 188 The Egypt which lay north of the Theban nome and Lake Mœris.
1958 H. Nemerov Coll. Poems (1977) 166 This Egypt is the nome of the dead Men and dead gods.
1987 R. Kelly Not This Island Music iii. 71 A nome Of Lowest Egypt where the bronchial sea Coughs leopard-wise in bamboo.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

nomen.3

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French nôme.
Etymology: < French nôme (1660) < -nôme (in binôme (see binomial n.), trinôme (see trinomial n.), etc.).
Mathematics. Obsolete.
Each of the terms of a binomial or polynomial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > particular qualities > signed (positive or negative)
minus1579
plus1579
nome1665
negative1706
positive definiteness1941
1665 J. Collins Let. 2 Jan. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 458 The limits of such equations as have but two nomes.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Nome, in Algebra, is any Quantity with a Sign prefixed to it, and by which 'tis usually connected with some other Quantity, and then the whole is called a Binomial, a Trinomial, &c.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Nome or Name in Algebra, is any Quantity with a Sign prefixed or added to it... Thus a + b is a Binomial, whose Names are a and b.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

nomen.4

Brit. /nəʊm/, U.S. /noʊm/
Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek νόμος.
Etymology: < ancient Greek νόμος melody, melody to accompany a text, spec. use of νόμος law (see nomos n.). In quot. 1705 translating French nome (1692 in the passage translated). Compare also classical Latin nomos.In poetic usage ancient Greek νόμος denotes simply a melody. The word is commonly used more technically for a melody composed to accompany text, a form of composition dating from the 7th cent. b.c. and attributed to Terpander. Such melodies were played on the lyre or flute or sung. The term is often used more narrowly for a musical and literary genre which developed from this tradition, performed by cithara players at Athenian festivals from the 5th cent. b.c.
In ancient Greece: a song or hymn sung in honour of the gods. Also: the genre to which such a song belongs.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > type of piece > [noun] > other types of piece
tinternel1573
aubade1678
nome1705
accompaniment1728
potboiler1783
raga1789
elegy1808
improvisation1824
pièce d'occasion1830
morceau de salon1854
tum-tum1859
murky1876
test-piece1876
invention1880
monodia1880
serenata1883
monody1887
dumka1895
incidental number1904
a cappella1905
folk-tune1907
realization1911
nosebleeder1921
show tune1927
sicilienne1927
estampie1937
ballad1944
Siciliana1947
hard rocker1957
rabble-rouser1958
display1959
mobile1961
soundscape1968
grower1973
lounge1978
1705 tr. A. Dacier in tr. Aristotle Art of Poetry 15 He joyns Dithyrambicks and Nomes [Fr. Nomes], because they were both Hymns, sang in the Honour of the Gods.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Nome is also used for a kind of song, or hymn, in honour of the gods, said to have been invented by Terpander.
1776 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music I. 359 Hyagnis..was the inventor of..the Nomes, or airs, that were sung to the mother of the Gods, to Bacchus [etc.].
1840 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 482 Olympus of Mysia was the inventor of the nome, a species of music for the flute.
1850 W. Mure Hist. Lang. & Lit. Greece III. 37 The term Nome appears..to have borne a more immediate reference to the music or air, than the poetry or words, of a song.
a1880 ‘G. Eliot’ Coll. Poems (1989) 154 But he, in liberty of song..Poured forth the strain his dream had taught, A nome with lofty passion fraught.
1900 H. W. Smyth Greek Melic Poets p. xxi Monodic melic, or that which is sung by a single voice, is represented in the earliest stage of Greek song by the nome.
1974 J. Fontenrose Python 90 The fifth part of the Pythian nome, the katachoreusis, represented his [sc. Apollo's] dance of victory.
2000 Church Times 29 Sept. 28/1 Christianity has been interacting pretty exhaustively with the arts since Ambrose indexed the nomes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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