nirvanan.

Brit.

/nɪəˈvɑːnə/,

/nə(ː)ˈvɑːnə/, U.S.

/nərˈvɑnə/,

/nɪrˈvɑnə/

Forms: 1800s Nirgoowané (irregular), 1800s Nirgowané (irregular), 1800s Nirgwani (irregular), 1800s– nirvana, 1800s– nirwana. Also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymon: Sanskrit nirvāṇa.

Etymology: < Sanskrit nirvāṇa, lit. ‘extinction’ < nirvā- to emanate, go out, die down ( < nir- , negative particle meaning ‘out, away’ (cognate with Old Church Slavonic ništĭ poor, base) + vā- to blow) + -ṇa , abstract noun suffix. Compare French †nirwana (1826), nirvâna (1885 or earlier), nirvana (1957 or earlier). See also nibbana n.The irregular 19th-cent. forms with -g- probably represent a mishearing or miscopying of the word from speech; with Mooktzé in quot. 1801 at sense 1 compare mukti n., moksha n. N.E.D. (1907) gives only the pronunciation (nəɹvā·nă) /nɜːˈvɑːnə/.

1. (a) Buddhism. The realization of the non-existence of self, leading to cessation of all entanglement and attachment in life; the state of being released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. (b) Hinduism and Jainism. The liberation of the soul from the effects of karma and from bodily existence, making possible its union with the Absolute. Cf. moksha n., mukti n.In quot. 1945 referring to the concept in Mahayana Buddhism.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > heaven > [noun] > non-Christian > nirvana

nibbana1626

nirvana1801

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > soul > [noun] > liberation of

moksha1785

mukti1785

nirvana1801

1801 Asiatick Researches 7 36 Nirgowané, otherwise called Mooktzé, signifying a Hall of Glory, where the deceased Bhooddhas are supposed to be.

1829 E. Upham Hist. & Doctr. Budhism 12 A series of purifying changes, performing..the lustration of the soul, and qualifying it for Nirwana, or eternal bliss.

1864 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. 2nd Ser. 346 The Nothing..under the name of Nirvána has become the highest goal of millions among the followers of Buddha.

1894 R. W. Buchanan Devil's Case xv. 74 He, the Buddha, sought oblution In the waters of Nirwâna, Crying loud ‘There is no Father—Only Death and Change for ever.’

1899 R. Whiteing No. 5 John St. xv. 153 The Brahmin leads us gently to the outermost courts of Nirvana. In spite of the outward symbol, we look within, and there we may hope to find om.

1945 A. Huxley Let. 10 Apr. (1969) 520 Virgil's posthumous experience ends in the highest form of enlightenment, in which eternity is perceived within the things of time and nirvana and samsara are apprehended as ultimately the same.

1990 T. Ruprecht Toronto's Many Faces 245 Makha Bouxa..is a festival that calls together Buddha's disciples before his entrance into a state of nirvana.

2. In extended use: a state of oblivion or of perfect happiness; an ideal or idyllic place or condition.

ΚΠ

1895 A. J. Balfour Found. Belief 64 The very Nirvana of artistic imagination, without desire and without pain.

1905 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 15 The greater chance is that it [sc. a meteoric stone] will find its Nirvana by absorption in the sun.

1969 G. Chapman et al. Monty Python's Flying Circus (1989) I. viii. 103 Oh well, Mr Robinson's cave's never been exactly nirvana has it?

1998 BBC Good Food Sept. 115/1 The newspapers said this would result in nirvana for the consumer as prices tumbled in reaction to intense competition.

2001 Leicester Mercury (Electronic ed.) 27 July As if this wasn't enough, this beer lovers' nirvana also has a fantastic soak-it-up menu.

Compounds

Nirvana principle n. Psychoanalysis the attraction felt by the psyche for a state of oblivion, which according to Freud is the expression of an instinctive death wish.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > theories of Freud > [noun] > desire for non-existence

Nirvana principle1920

1920 B. Low Psycho-anal. (ed. 2) iii. 73 It is possible that deeper than the Pleasure-principle lies the Nirvana-principle, as one may call it—the desire of the newborn creature to return to that stage of omnipotence, where there are no non-fulfilled desires, in which it existed within the mother's womb.

1973 L. Bellak et al. Ego Functions ii. xiv. 212 Do these data invalidate the Nirvana principle, or can that tenet be modified to include the seemingly contradictory clinical observations?

1998 Guardian (Nexis) 24 July 14 The bookish Cobain knew that the nirvana principle was Freud's early conception of the death instinct.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	nirvana
释义	nirvanan. Brit. /nɪəˈvɑːnə/, /nə(ː)ˈvɑːnə/, U.S. /nərˈvɑnə/, /nɪrˈvɑnə/ Forms: 1800s Nirgoowané (irregular), 1800s Nirgowané (irregular), 1800s Nirgwani (irregular), 1800s– nirvana, 1800s– nirwana. Also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Sanskrit. Etymon: Sanskrit nirvāṇa. Etymology: < Sanskrit nirvāṇa, lit. ‘extinction’ < nirvā- to emanate, go out, die down ( < nir- , negative particle meaning ‘out, away’ (cognate with Old Church Slavonic ništĭ poor, base) + vā- to blow) + -ṇa , abstract noun suffix. Compare French †nirwana (1826), nirvâna (1885 or earlier), nirvana (1957 or earlier). See also nibbana n.The irregular 19th-cent. forms with -g- probably represent a mishearing or miscopying of the word from speech; with Mooktzé in quot. 1801 at sense 1 compare mukti n., moksha n. N.E.D. (1907) gives only the pronunciation (nəɹvā·nă) /nɜːˈvɑːnə/. 1. (a) Buddhism. The realization of the non-existence of self, leading to cessation of all entanglement and attachment in life; the state of being released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. (b) Hinduism and Jainism. The liberation of the soul from the effects of karma and from bodily existence, making possible its union with the Absolute. Cf. moksha n., mukti n.In quot. 1945 referring to the concept in Mahayana Buddhism. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > heaven > [noun] > non-Christian > nirvana nibbana1626 nirvana1801 society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > soul > [noun] > liberation of moksha1785 mukti1785 nirvana1801 1801 Asiatick Researches 7 36 Nirgowané, otherwise called Mooktzé, signifying a Hall of Glory, where the deceased Bhooddhas are supposed to be. 1829 E. Upham Hist. & Doctr. Budhism 12 A series of purifying changes, performing..the lustration of the soul, and qualifying it for Nirwana, or eternal bliss. 1864 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. 2nd Ser. 346 The Nothing..under the name of Nirvána has become the highest goal of millions among the followers of Buddha. 1894 R. W. Buchanan Devil's Case xv. 74 He, the Buddha, sought oblution In the waters of Nirwâna, Crying loud ‘There is no Father—Only Death and Change for ever.’ 1899 R. Whiteing No. 5 John St. xv. 153 The Brahmin leads us gently to the outermost courts of Nirvana. In spite of the outward symbol, we look within, and there we may hope to find om. 1945 A. Huxley Let. 10 Apr. (1969) 520 Virgil's posthumous experience ends in the highest form of enlightenment, in which eternity is perceived within the things of time and nirvana and samsara are apprehended as ultimately the same. 1990 T. Ruprecht Toronto's Many Faces 245 Makha Bouxa..is a festival that calls together Buddha's disciples before his entrance into a state of nirvana. 2. In extended use: a state of oblivion or of perfect happiness; an ideal or idyllic place or condition. ΚΠ 1895 A. J. Balfour Found. Belief 64 The very Nirvana of artistic imagination, without desire and without pain. 1905 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 15 The greater chance is that it [sc. a meteoric stone] will find its Nirvana by absorption in the sun. 1969 G. Chapman et al. Monty Python's Flying Circus (1989) I. viii. 103 Oh well, Mr Robinson's cave's never been exactly nirvana has it? 1998 BBC Good Food Sept. 115/1 The newspapers said this would result in nirvana for the consumer as prices tumbled in reaction to intense competition. 2001 Leicester Mercury (Electronic ed.) 27 July As if this wasn't enough, this beer lovers' nirvana also has a fantastic soak-it-up menu. Compounds Nirvana principle n. Psychoanalysis the attraction felt by the psyche for a state of oblivion, which according to Freud is the expression of an instinctive death wish. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > theories of Freud > [noun] > desire for non-existence Nirvana principle1920 1920 B. Low Psycho-anal. (ed. 2) iii. 73 It is possible that deeper than the Pleasure-principle lies the Nirvana-principle, as one may call it—the desire of the newborn creature to return to that stage of omnipotence, where there are no non-fulfilled desires, in which it existed within the mother's womb. 1973 L. Bellak et al. Ego Functions ii. xiv. 212 Do these data invalidate the Nirvana principle, or can that tenet be modified to include the seemingly contradictory clinical observations? 1998 Guardian (Nexis) 24 July 14 The bookish Cobain knew that the nirvana principle was Freud's early conception of the death instinct. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1801
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