† nithefuladj.n.

Forms: see nithe n. and -ful suffix; also early Middle English nihtfulle (transmission error).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: nithe n., -ful suffix.

Etymology: < nithe n. + -ful suffix. Compare German neidvoll.

Obsolete.

A. adj.

Envious, malicious, wicked.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [adjective]

loathOE

teenfulOE

nithefulOE

ondfula1200

maliciousa1250

doggedc1300

enviousc1330

venomousa1340

venoma1350

spitous?a1366

despitousc1374

heinous?a1400

unkindlya1400

venomyc1400

sinister1411

sputousc1420

doggish?a1425

cankered?a1439

doggya1450

sinistrous1460

spity1481

despiteful1488

spiteful1490

despiteous?1510

viperious?1510

peevisha1522

envyful1530

viperous1535

viperinec1540

vipered1560

bad-minded1588

uncanny1596

dogged-sprighted1600

toothsome1601

maliced1602

ill-minded1611

virulent1613

ill-hearteda1617

doleful1617

spitish1627

ill-meaning1633

splenial1641

litherlya1643

venomsome1660

slim1668

cat-witted1672

vipereal1750

viperish1755

méchant1813

vicious1825

maliceful1840

mean1841

waspish1855

viperian1866

viperan1877

cattish1883

catty1886

bad mind1904

bitchy1908

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Bodl. 340) xi. 93 Se niðfulla deofol..andode on ðæs munuces soðan lufe.

OE Rule St. Benet (Tiber.) (1888) lxiiii. 108 Non sit zelotipus et nimis suspiciosus : ne sy he nyð full & swiðe wenende.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 78 Þatt laþe flocc. Þatt iss þurrh niþ forrblendedd..tæleþþ þatt to lofenn iss Þurrh niþfull modiȝnesse.

a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 57 (MED) Prud ne wreiere ne beo þu noht, Ne niðful in þi þoht.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 10219 Þa laȝen..weoren soððen..ladliche iniþered þurh niðfulne craft.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1917 Ðo wex her hertes niðful & bold.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 23750 (MED) Þe flexs es ai to filthes fus, þe werld nithful [a1400 Trin. Cambr. hateful] and couatus.

a1400 Ancrene Riwle (Pepys) (1976) 175 Alle..þat han swich nyþeful hertes & ondeful to her euencristen offren ihesu crist þis bitter drynk.

B. n.

An envious or malicious person; (with the and plural agreement) envious or malicious people as a class.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxxix. 523 Æfre bið se niðfulla wunigende on gedrefednysse.

a1200 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Trin. Cambr.) 278 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 228 Þar beð naddren and snaken..þe tereð and freteð þo euele swiken, þe niðfule [v.r. nihtfulle] and þe prude.

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 143 (MED) Þe niðfulle, þe prude..sculen beon iwarpen ine eche pine.

c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 100 (MED) By þe mouþe as a lyoun bitokneþ þe manaces of þe proude Men & of þe niþeful.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	nitheful
释义	† nithefuladj.n. Forms: see nithe n. and -ful suffix; also early Middle English nihtfulle (transmission error). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: nithe n., -ful suffix. Etymology: < nithe n. + -ful suffix. Compare German neidvoll. Obsolete. A. adj. Envious, malicious, wicked. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [adjective] loathOE teenfulOE nithefulOE ondfula1200 maliciousa1250 doggedc1300 enviousc1330 venomousa1340 venoma1350 spitous?a1366 despitousc1374 heinous?a1400 unkindlya1400 venomyc1400 sinister1411 sputousc1420 doggish?a1425 cankered?a1439 doggya1450 sinistrous1460 spity1481 despiteful1488 spiteful1490 despiteous?1510 viperious?1510 peevisha1522 envyful1530 viperous1535 viperinec1540 vipered1560 bad-minded1588 uncanny1596 dogged-sprighted1600 toothsome1601 maliced1602 ill-minded1611 virulent1613 ill-hearteda1617 doleful1617 spitish1627 ill-meaning1633 splenial1641 litherlya1643 venomsome1660 slim1668 cat-witted1672 vipereal1750 viperish1755 méchant1813 vicious1825 maliceful1840 mean1841 waspish1855 viperian1866 viperan1877 cattish1883 catty1886 bad mind1904 bitchy1908 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Bodl. 340) xi. 93 Se niðfulla deofol..andode on ðæs munuces soðan lufe. OE Rule St. Benet (Tiber.) (1888) lxiiii. 108 Non sit zelotipus et nimis suspiciosus : ne sy he nyð full & swiðe wenende. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 78 Þatt laþe flocc. Þatt iss þurrh niþ forrblendedd..tæleþþ þatt to lofenn iss Þurrh niþfull modiȝnesse. a1225 MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 57 (MED) Prud ne wreiere ne beo þu noht, Ne niðful in þi þoht. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 10219 Þa laȝen..weoren soððen..ladliche iniþered þurh niðfulne craft. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1917 Ðo wex her hertes niðful & bold. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 23750 (MED) Þe flexs es ai to filthes fus, þe werld nithful [a1400 Trin. Cambr. hateful] and couatus. a1400 Ancrene Riwle (Pepys) (1976) 175 Alle..þat han swich nyþeful hertes & ondeful to her euencristen offren ihesu crist þis bitter drynk. B. n. An envious or malicious person; (with the and plural agreement) envious or malicious people as a class. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxxix. 523 Æfre bið se niðfulla wunigende on gedrefednysse. a1200 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Trin. Cambr.) 278 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 228 Þar beð naddren and snaken..þe tereð and freteð þo euele swiken, þe niðfule [v.r. nihtfulle] and þe prude. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 143 (MED) Þe niðfulle, þe prude..sculen beon iwarpen ine eche pine. c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 100 (MED) By þe mouþe as a lyoun bitokneþ þe manaces of þe proude Men & of þe niþeful. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < adj.n.OE
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