nitherv.

Brit.

/ˈnɪðə/, U.S.

/ˈnɪðər/, Scottish English

/ˈnɪθər/

Forms:

α. Old English niþerian, Old English niðerian, Old English nyþerian, Old English nyðerian, Old English niþrian (chiefly Mercian), Old English niðrian (chiefly Mercian), Old English hniðria (Northumbrian), Old English niðria (Northumbrian), early Middle English niþere, early Middle English niðere, early Middle English nyþere, early Middle English niþþrenn ( Ormulum), 1800s– nither (English regional), 1800s– nidder (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 nydder, pre-1700 1700s– nidder, pre-1700 1700s– nither, 1700s knidder, 1800s niddar, 1800s– nitter, 1900s– nitr (Shetland).

β. Old English neþored (past participle, perhaps transmission error), early Middle English neoðerie, early Middle English neþere, early Middle English neðere, early Middle English neðerie, 1800s– nedder (English regional (northern)), 1800s– nether (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 nedder, pre-1700 nether.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian -nithria , -netheria (in fornithria , fornetheria to spoil), Old Dutch nitheren (Middle Dutch nederen , nedren , (regional) nideren , Dutch †nederen ), Middle Low German nēderen , nedderen , neddergen , Old High German nidaren , nideren , niderren , etc. (Middle High German nideren , nidern , German †niederen , †niedern ), Old Icelandic niðra , Norwegian (Nynorsk) nedra , Old Swedish nidhra (Swedish nedra ), Danish nedre to bring down, mock < the same Germanic base as nether adv.¹The Old English (Northumbrian) form hniðria represents a reverse spelling after initial h- in the consonant cluster hn- had ceased to be pronounced. In Old English the prefixed form geniðerian is also attested; compare also aniðerian anither v. The usual word in modern Dutch is vernederen, and in modern German erniedrigen.

1. transitive. To thrust down or oppress; to abase, humble; to straiten, constrict. Also: †to bend down. (obsolete). Scottish in later use. Now rare.Also in Old English: †to condemn (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > suppress, repress, or put down

nithereOE

adweschOE

overtreadOE

quellOE

to trample or tread under foot (also feet)c1175

adauntc1325

to bear downc1330

oppressc1380

repressc1391

overyoke?a1425

quencha1425

to bear overc1425

supprisec1440

overquell?c1450

farec1460

supprime1490

downbeara1500

stanch1513

undertread1525

downtread1536

suppress1537

to set one's foot on the neck of1557

depress?a1562

overbear1565

surpress1573

trample1583

repose1663

spiflicate1749

sort1815

to trample down1853

to sit on ——1915

to clamp down1924

crack down1940

tamp1959

α.

eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) xciii. 18 (21) Captabunt in animam iusti et sanguinem innocentem condemnabunt : [hie] geheftað in sawle ðes rehtwisan & blod insceðende niðeriað.

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke xiv. 11 Omnis qui se exaltat humiliabitur : eghuelc seðe hine ahebbað gehniðrad bið [OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. bið genyþerud].

OE Judith 113 Gæst ellor hwearf under neowelne næs ond ðær genyðerad wæs.

OE Ælfric Homily: De Duodecim Abusivis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 303 Wite eac se cyning..gif he rihtwisnysse ne hylt..he bið eft genyþerad on þam nyþemestam witum.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1100 Godes cyrcean he nyðerade.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8032 Þe laþe gast. Aȝȝ niþþreþþ godess genge. & cwelleþþ hemm & wannseþþ hemm.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12594 Iniðered [c1300 Otho Aneþered] wurðe þe ilke mon þe þer-to nule helpen.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) viii. viii. 41 On ȝonder syde ar the Rutulianis rude, Nyddris our boundis.

1599 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 187 The said gett, quhilk suld be fyftene futtis of breid in all partis, was nidderit on bayth the syddis therof..be earing of the same.

1605 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 276 Thay find not onlie the Kingis gett to be nithered but also the aforesaid choip to be ane gryt..preiudice to the gett.

1607 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1876) I. 272 The said Gabriell hes niddrit the passage fra the burne sa that laidis and slaidis cannocht pas by vthiris.

1721 A. Ramsay Genty Tibby iii We're obliged to nither Our spacious sauls' immense desires.

1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess i. 46 Sair are we nidder'd, that is what ye ken.

1828 P. Buchan Anc. Ballads & Songs N. Scotl. I. 75 They niddart ither wi'lang braid swords, Till they were bleedy men.

1880 Brechin Advertiser 21 Sept. 3 Troth, lang has been the road, gudeman, Sair nidder'd have we been.

1903 J. Lumsden Toorle 233 Puir John and Sand! thy weird yet nithers This auld gray man!

β. OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 387 Truditur, damnatur : wæs bescofen uel neþored [perh. read neþerod].a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 55/30 (MED) Hie neðerið hem for eadmodnesse te habben.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 5152 Heo commen in to þen lond mid neoðerien [perh. read and neoðereden] þa leoden.a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 57 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 96 My neb Is netherit as a nok, I am bot ane owle.a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 105 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 98 I am netherit ane owll thus be nature.1603 Proph. Waldhaue in Whole Prophesie Scotl. sig. B6^v Noroway hath neddered them, and to neede brought.

2. Scottish and English regional.

a. transitive. To chill or blast with cold. Frequently in passive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > make cold [verb (transitive)] > give sensation of cold to

shiverc1200

bleak1606

nither1813

bechill1951

1813 E. Picken Misc. Poems I. 99 Winter nithers a' below.

1856 J. Ballantine Poems 223 But, nither'd by the norlan' breeze, The wee, wee flower aft dwines an' dees.

1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. 92/1 I am nithered with cold.

1911 A. Warrack Scots Dial. Dict. 381/1 Nither,..to pinch with cold.

1912 D. McKie Fables frae French 61 His busses, unprotecktit, bore nae fruit, An' sune were niddert to the vera ruit.

1986 B. T. Bradford Act of Will viii. 81 Yer'll be nithered ter death termorra, Miss Audra.

b. intransitive. To shiver or tremble with cold. Chiefly in present participle. See also nithering adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > be cold [verb (intransitive)] > be cold or have sensation of cold > shiver with cold

shiverc1250

quakec1300

chillc1440

chymerc1440

hugge1483

chittera1529

shrug1549

reesle1882

nither1890

1890 J. D. Robertson Gloss. Words County of Gloucester 103 Nither, to shiver with cold.

1897 H. Kingsford Vigornian Monologues 25 The cattle as I came by this morning was all stood nithering from cold.

1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 221 He's nitherin' wi' cauld.

1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 87/1 Sha wure netherin an' starved amawst ti deeid.

1985 Conc. Sc. Dict. 442/1 Nither, shrink or huddle with cold, shiver.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	nither
释义	nitherv. Brit. /ˈnɪðə/, U.S. /ˈnɪðər/, Scottish English /ˈnɪθər/ Forms: α. Old English niþerian, Old English niðerian, Old English nyþerian, Old English nyðerian, Old English niþrian (chiefly Mercian), Old English niðrian (chiefly Mercian), Old English hniðria (Northumbrian), Old English niðria (Northumbrian), early Middle English niþere, early Middle English niðere, early Middle English nyþere, early Middle English niþþrenn ( Ormulum), 1800s– nither (English regional), 1800s– nidder (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 nydder, pre-1700 1700s– nidder, pre-1700 1700s– nither, 1700s knidder, 1800s niddar, 1800s– nitter, 1900s– nitr (Shetland). β. Old English neþored (past participle, perhaps transmission error), early Middle English neoðerie, early Middle English neþere, early Middle English neðere, early Middle English neðerie, 1800s– nedder (English regional (northern)), 1800s– nether (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 nedder, pre-1700 nether. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian -nithria , -netheria (in fornithria , fornetheria to spoil), Old Dutch nitheren (Middle Dutch nederen , nedren , (regional) nideren , Dutch †nederen ), Middle Low German nēderen , nedderen , neddergen , Old High German nidaren , nideren , niderren , etc. (Middle High German nideren , nidern , German †niederen , †niedern ), Old Icelandic niðra , Norwegian (Nynorsk) nedra , Old Swedish nidhra (Swedish nedra ), Danish nedre to bring down, mock < the same Germanic base as nether adv.¹The Old English (Northumbrian) form hniðria represents a reverse spelling after initial h- in the consonant cluster hn- had ceased to be pronounced. In Old English the prefixed form geniðerian is also attested; compare also aniðerian anither v. The usual word in modern Dutch is vernederen, and in modern German erniedrigen. 1. transitive. To thrust down or oppress; to abase, humble; to straiten, constrict. Also: †to bend down. (obsolete). Scottish in later use. Now rare.Also in Old English: †to condemn (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > suppress, repress, or put down nithereOE adweschOE overtreadOE quellOE to trample or tread under foot (also feet)c1175 adauntc1325 to bear downc1330 oppressc1380 repressc1391 overyoke?a1425 quencha1425 to bear overc1425 supprisec1440 overquell?c1450 farec1460 supprime1490 downbeara1500 stanch1513 undertread1525 downtread1536 suppress1537 to set one's foot on the neck of1557 depress?a1562 overbear1565 surpress1573 trample1583 repose1663 spiflicate1749 sort1815 to trample down1853 to sit on ——1915 to clamp down1924 crack down1940 tamp1959 α. eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) xciii. 18 (21) Captabunt in animam iusti et sanguinem innocentem condemnabunt : [hie] geheftað in sawle ðes rehtwisan & blod insceðende niðeriað. OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke xiv. 11 Omnis qui se exaltat humiliabitur : eghuelc seðe hine ahebbað gehniðrad bið [OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. bið genyþerud]. OE Judith 113 Gæst ellor hwearf under neowelne næs ond ðær genyðerad wæs. OE Ælfric Homily: De Duodecim Abusivis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 303 Wite eac se cyning..gif he rihtwisnysse ne hylt..he bið eft genyþerad on þam nyþemestam witum. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1100 Godes cyrcean he nyðerade. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8032 Þe laþe gast. Aȝȝ niþþreþþ godess genge. & cwelleþþ hemm & wannseþþ hemm. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12594 Iniðered [c1300 Otho Aneþered] wurðe þe ilke mon þe þer-to nule helpen. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) viii. viii. 41 On ȝonder syde ar the Rutulianis rude, Nyddris our boundis. 1599 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 187 The said gett, quhilk suld be fyftene futtis of breid in all partis, was nidderit on bayth the syddis therof..be earing of the same. 1605 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 276 Thay find not onlie the Kingis gett to be nithered but also the aforesaid choip to be ane gryt..preiudice to the gett. 1607 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1876) I. 272 The said Gabriell hes niddrit the passage fra the burne sa that laidis and slaidis cannocht pas by vthiris. 1721 A. Ramsay Genty Tibby iii We're obliged to nither Our spacious sauls' immense desires. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess i. 46 Sair are we nidder'd, that is what ye ken. 1828 P. Buchan Anc. Ballads & Songs N. Scotl. I. 75 They niddart ither wi'lang braid swords, Till they were bleedy men. 1880 Brechin Advertiser 21 Sept. 3 Troth, lang has been the road, gudeman, Sair nidder'd have we been. 1903 J. Lumsden Toorle 233 Puir John and Sand! thy weird yet nithers This auld gray man! β. OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 387 Truditur, damnatur : wæs bescofen uel neþored [perh. read neþerod].a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 55/30 (MED) Hie neðerið hem for eadmodnesse te habben.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 5152 Heo commen in to þen lond mid neoðerien [perh. read and neoðereden] þa leoden.a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 57 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 96 My neb Is netherit as a nok, I am bot ane owle.a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 105 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 98 I am netherit ane owll thus be nature.1603 Proph. Waldhaue in Whole Prophesie Scotl. sig. B6^v Noroway hath neddered them, and to neede brought. 2. Scottish and English regional. a. transitive. To chill or blast with cold. Frequently in passive. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > make cold [verb (transitive)] > give sensation of cold to shiverc1200 bleak1606 nither1813 bechill1951 1813 E. Picken Misc. Poems I. 99 Winter nithers a' below. 1856 J. Ballantine Poems 223 But, nither'd by the norlan' breeze, The wee, wee flower aft dwines an' dees. 1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. 92/1 I am nithered with cold. 1911 A. Warrack Scots Dial. Dict. 381/1 Nither,..to pinch with cold. 1912 D. McKie Fables frae French 61 His busses, unprotecktit, bore nae fruit, An' sune were niddert to the vera ruit. 1986 B. T. Bradford Act of Will viii. 81 Yer'll be nithered ter death termorra, Miss Audra. b. intransitive. To shiver or tremble with cold. Chiefly in present participle. See also nithering adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > be cold [verb (intransitive)] > be cold or have sensation of cold > shiver with cold shiverc1250 quakec1300 chillc1440 chymerc1440 hugge1483 chittera1529 shrug1549 reesle1882 nither1890 1890 J. D. Robertson Gloss. Words County of Gloucester 103 Nither, to shiver with cold. 1897 H. Kingsford Vigornian Monologues 25 The cattle as I came by this morning was all stood nithering from cold. 1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 221 He's nitherin' wi' cauld. 1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 87/1 Sha wure netherin an' starved amawst ti deeid. 1985 Conc. Sc. Dict. 442/1 Nither, shrink or huddle with cold, shiver. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.eOE
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