nitrousadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈnʌɪtrəs/, U.S.

/ˈnaɪtrəs/

Forms: 1500s– nitrous, 1600s niterous, 1600s niterus.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French nitreux; Latin nitrōsus.

Etymology: < Middle French, French nitreux (mid 13th cent. in Old French in eau nitreuse ; 1787 in specific chemical use) and its etymon classical Latin nitrōsus nitrose adj. Compare Italian nitroso (a1294; 1788 in specific chemical use), Portuguese nitroso (1890), Spanish nitroso.In forms niterous , niterus after nitre n.

A. adj.

a. Originally: of the nature of, relating to, or containing nitre; having the properties or the bitterness of nitre (now historical). Now (chiefly Chemistry): of or containing nitrogen, esp. in one of its lower oxidation states (often 3). Cf. nitric adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [adjective] > yielding a mineral or metal > nitre or saltpetre

nitrous1583

sal-petery1608

peterish1690

salinitrous1731

nitriferous1839

salitrose1845

salitrous1897

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [adjective] > named salts > nitrates > having nature of or impregnated with nitre

nitrish1562

nitrous1583

nitrated1799

1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke v. xx. 246 It is made both salt, nitrous, and corrosiue.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 386 Forasmuch as Date trees delight in a salt and nitrous soile.

1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 142 This falls out for want of a nitrous, and thereby a nutritive quality in the grain.

1692 J. Ray Misc. Disc. v. 142 The Air being..as much rarified, would contain but few nitrous Particles.

1729 R. Savage Wanderer iii. 290 Winter more nitrous chills the shadow'd sky.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. vi. 67 The land being generally of a nitrous and saline nature.

1774 J. Bryant New Syst. (new ed.) I. 30 Hot streams either of water or bitumen: or else salt, and nitrous pools.

1811 I. Mitchell Asylum I. vii. 226 They [sc. Aurora Borealis] are occasioned by nitrous particles rising in the air, and wafted by northerly winds.

1859 N. F. Moore Anc. Mineral. 135 The ancients were so much inclined to look for medicinal virtue in all natural bodies, there is reason to think they soon collected and made trial of the nitrous efflorescence sometimes found on walls.

1874 M. C. Cooke Fungi 100 Peziza venosa has the most decided nitrous odour, and also fungoid flavour.

1906 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 78 69 The importance of these two substances..probably does not lie in any relation to their germicidal action, but rather in the part which they play in the oxidation of the nitrous compounds.

1935 Science 31 May 537/1 Other factors involved in this method of ionization of air, such as production of ozone, nitrous compounds and possibly thermal effect [etc.].

1990 R. Rolley Calming Traffic Resid. Areas (BNC) 6 The effect of..sulphurous and nitrous emissions on acid rain have..become matters for widespread discussion.

†b. Mixed with nitre so as to form an explosive compound. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > explosive material > [adjective] > impregnated with nitre

nitrous1667

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 815 As when a spark Lights on a heap of nitrous Powder.

1716 J. Gay Trivia iii. 78 The nitrous Store is laid, the smutty Train With running Blaze awakes the barrell'd Grain.

1745 E. Young Consolation 11 Sudden as the Spark From smitten Steel; from nitrous Grain, the Blaze.

1762 S. Davies Mil. Glory Great-Britain in Coll. Poems (1968) 232 Thick Showers of Bombs implete with nitrous Death, Rain'd on their Heads defenceless, which forthwith, Bursting, disploded Ruin.

1806 J. Grahame Birds Scotl. iii. 84 The leaden bolt Slung from the mimic lightning's nitrous wing.

†c. Involving or using nitre or nitrous oxide. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 429 My letter to Dr. Duncan, respecting nitrous fumigation.

B. n.

slang. Nitrous oxide, as an anaesthetic or narcotic, or as used in high-performance fuel-injection systems.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > named gases > [noun] > containing nitrogen > nitrous oxide

nitrous oxide1799

laughing gas1819

nitrogen monoxide1869

nitrous1977

1977 Rolling Stone 19 May 37/3 I could read another Random Note about Mick Jagger if they gave me nitrous.

1983 Hot Rod (Nexis) Feb. The '70 LS7 uses..a full-on nitrous system that is piped into the intake manifold.

1994 J. Birmingham He died with Felefal in his Hand (1997) vi. 129 After three or four quick buckets each they'd then knock down about fifty bulbs of nitrous.

2001 Village Voice (N.Y.) (Nexis) 31 July 122 It's not a movie, it's a nitrous-powered dream probe launched into the soft cortex of every preadolescent and adolescent creature geek on Planet Earth.

Compounds

nitrous anhydride n. = nitrogen trioxide n. (a) at nitrogen n. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. vii. 63 Nitric Trioxide, or Nitrous Anhydride.—Symbol N₂O₃... This substance is prepared by mixing four volumes of dry nitric oxide with one volume of oxygen.

1929 Science 31 May 559/2 Smithh and Knerr discovered that when nitrous anhydride was passed into an ethereal solution of oil of wintergreen, the 3- and 5-nitro derivatives of methyl salicylate were produced.

1996 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 14428/1 The inhibitory effect of phosphate may be due to reaction with the nitrosating agent, nitrous anhydride (N₂O₃), formed by oxidation of NO.

nitrous ether n. now historical ethyl nitrite.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > nitrogen > [noun] > compounds

nitrous ether1791

nitruret1794

azoturet1819

azotane1827

nitride1850

hyponitric acid1854

nitryl1864

azotine1884

nitro-metal1895

tetrazone1895

trinitride1911

nitroxide1950

nitroxyl1969

1791 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 81 333 A mixture of vitriolic acid and alcohol detached from this powder no nitrous ether, nor any vapour that formed white clouds with volatile alkali.

1860 C. Knight Eng. Cycl.: Arts & Sci. III. 980 Nitrous ether, dissolved in alcohol, is the sweet spirit of nitre of pharmacy.

1947 Proc. Royal Soc. 134 358 Next came a study of nitrous ether, also abortive, then an attempt to determine the composition of nitre by exploding a mixture of it with charcoal.

nitrous fumes n. a toxic mixture of gaseous oxides of nitrogen (cf. nitrous gas n.).

ΚΠ

1768 Philos. Trans. 1767 (Royal Soc.) 57 533 The nitrous fumes condensed in water, in making the spiritus nitri fortis appear to be more acid than the strongest oil of vitriol.

1889 G. M. Hopkins Exper. Sci. xviii. 412 In this battery the hydrogen..decomposes the nitric acid, forming hyponitrous acid, which is dissolved or is disengaged as nitrous fumes.

1988 F. A. Cotton & G. Wilkinson Adv. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 5) x. 325 The mixed oxides, ‘nitrous fumes’, are used in organic chemistry as selective oxidizing agents.

nitrous gas n. now historical nitric oxide, or a mixture of this with other gaseous oxides of nitrogen, obtained by the action of nitric acid on various metals in air.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > named gases > [noun] > containing nitrogen

nitrous gas1742

nitrous air1772

nitric oxide1789

nitrogen monoxide1869

nitrox1982

1742 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 42 64 A Number of uncleanly People, being stowed too close together, heat the Air, make it replete with noxious Effluvia, destroy the Particles therein adapted to cool the Lungs, particularly the acid nitrous Gas, which is so abundant in cool air.

1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. II. iv. 227 Nitrous gas strongly resists putrefaction;..and after nitrous gas, carbonic acid gas is next in preservative power.

1939 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 53 321 Danger from nitrous gas is practically non-existent at the Glover tower or the Gay Lussac tower, as there is an inward draft.

nitrous oxide n. a colourless gas, N₂O, made by heating ammonium nitrate, which has a faint sweetish odour and taste, and when inhaled produces anaesthesia or (at lower concentrations) a feeling of exhilaration; also called laughing gas.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > named gases > [noun] > containing nitrogen > nitrous oxide

nitrous oxide1799

laughing gas1819

nitrogen monoxide1869

nitrous1977

1799 H. Davy in T. Beddoes Contrib. Physical & Med. Knowl. 79 A gas or gases indiminishable by nitrous oxyd.

1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. I. i. v. 62 We have treated them to mouthfuls of moonshine and draughts of nitrous oxyde, which they swallowed with incredible voracity, particularly the females.

1878 L. P. Meredith Teeth (ed. 2) 205 The..use of nitrous oxide for certain bodily complaints.

1990 D. Schimel in J. Leggett Global Warming iii. 79 Increasing temperature increases both inorganic nitrogen production and nitrous oxide emission.

nitrous salt n. now historical nitre or another inorganic nitrate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > nitrates or nitrites

nitrous salt1605

saltpetre salt1682

nitrate1788

nitre1788

nitrite1788

septite1795

nitrate1863

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. v. sig. D2 Such salts chymists call Salt-Niter, or Niterous [L. nitrosos] salts.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 277 Nitres, and those Vegetables, which have nitrous Salts in them.

1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. vii. 296 The nitrous salts are too valuable for other purposes to be used as Manures.

1925 Amer. Hist. Rev. 30 274 Agents were sent out by Congress in the hope that they would succeed in extracting the ‘nitrous salt’ from earthen floors of the buildings and yards in the Southern colonies where tobacco was inspected and stored.

nitrous vitriol n. a solution of oxides of nitrogen in sulphuric acid produced during the manufacture of sulphuric acid by the lead chamber process.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > solutions > [noun] > of oxides of nitrogen in sulphuric acid

nitrous vitriol1879

1879 Chem. News 30 May 237/2 In a paper about to be published, I [sc. G. Lunge] have proved that denitration by hot water or steam is insufficient when the nitrous vitriol, by faulty work, contains nitric acid.

1933 W. T. Read Industr. Chem. xi. 165 A portion of the acid from the coolers is sent to the top of the cold tower. As it passes down the cold tower it picks up the oxides of nitrogen in the form of nitrosyl sulfuric acid and becomes..‘nitrous vitriol’.

1954 R. E. Kirk & D. F. Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. XIII. 472 The Glover tower receives the hot burner gas, and is fed at the top with the nitrous vitriol from the Gay-Lussac tower.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	nitrous
释义	nitrousadj.n. Brit. /ˈnʌɪtrəs/, U.S. /ˈnaɪtrəs/ Forms: 1500s– nitrous, 1600s niterous, 1600s niterus. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French nitreux; Latin nitrōsus. Etymology: < Middle French, French nitreux (mid 13th cent. in Old French in eau nitreuse ; 1787 in specific chemical use) and its etymon classical Latin nitrōsus nitrose adj. Compare Italian nitroso (a1294; 1788 in specific chemical use), Portuguese nitroso (1890), Spanish nitroso.In forms niterous , niterus after nitre n. A. adj. a. Originally: of the nature of, relating to, or containing nitre; having the properties or the bitterness of nitre (now historical). Now (chiefly Chemistry): of or containing nitrogen, esp. in one of its lower oxidation states (often 3). Cf. nitric adj. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [adjective] > yielding a mineral or metal > nitre or saltpetre nitrous1583 sal-petery1608 peterish1690 salinitrous1731 nitriferous1839 salitrose1845 salitrous1897 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [adjective] > named salts > nitrates > having nature of or impregnated with nitre nitrish1562 nitrous1583 nitrated1799 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke v. xx. 246 It is made both salt, nitrous, and corrosiue. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 386 Forasmuch as Date trees delight in a salt and nitrous soile. 1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 142 This falls out for want of a nitrous, and thereby a nutritive quality in the grain. 1692 J. Ray Misc. Disc. v. 142 The Air being..as much rarified, would contain but few nitrous Particles. 1729 R. Savage Wanderer iii. 290 Winter more nitrous chills the shadow'd sky. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. vi. 67 The land being generally of a nitrous and saline nature. 1774 J. Bryant New Syst. (new ed.) I. 30 Hot streams either of water or bitumen: or else salt, and nitrous pools. 1811 I. Mitchell Asylum I. vii. 226 They [sc. Aurora Borealis] are occasioned by nitrous particles rising in the air, and wafted by northerly winds. 1859 N. F. Moore Anc. Mineral. 135 The ancients were so much inclined to look for medicinal virtue in all natural bodies, there is reason to think they soon collected and made trial of the nitrous efflorescence sometimes found on walls. 1874 M. C. Cooke Fungi 100 Peziza venosa has the most decided nitrous odour, and also fungoid flavour. 1906 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 78 69 The importance of these two substances..probably does not lie in any relation to their germicidal action, but rather in the part which they play in the oxidation of the nitrous compounds. 1935 Science 31 May 537/1 Other factors involved in this method of ionization of air, such as production of ozone, nitrous compounds and possibly thermal effect [etc.]. 1990 R. Rolley Calming Traffic Resid. Areas (BNC) 6 The effect of..sulphurous and nitrous emissions on acid rain have..become matters for widespread discussion. †b. Mixed with nitre so as to form an explosive compound. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > explosive material > [adjective] > impregnated with nitre nitrous1667 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 815 As when a spark Lights on a heap of nitrous Powder. View more context for this quotation 1716 J. Gay Trivia iii. 78 The nitrous Store is laid, the smutty Train With running Blaze awakes the barrell'd Grain. 1745 E. Young Consolation 11 Sudden as the Spark From smitten Steel; from nitrous Grain, the Blaze. 1762 S. Davies Mil. Glory Great-Britain in Coll. Poems (1968) 232 Thick Showers of Bombs implete with nitrous Death, Rain'd on their Heads defenceless, which forthwith, Bursting, disploded Ruin. 1806 J. Grahame Birds Scotl. iii. 84 The leaden bolt Slung from the mimic lightning's nitrous wing. †c. Involving or using nitre or nitrous oxide. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 429 My letter to Dr. Duncan, respecting nitrous fumigation. B. n. slang. Nitrous oxide, as an anaesthetic or narcotic, or as used in high-performance fuel-injection systems. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > named gases > [noun] > containing nitrogen > nitrous oxide nitrous oxide1799 laughing gas1819 nitrogen monoxide1869 nitrous1977 1977 Rolling Stone 19 May 37/3 I could read another Random Note about Mick Jagger if they gave me nitrous. 1983 Hot Rod (Nexis) Feb. The '70 LS7 uses..a full-on nitrous system that is piped into the intake manifold. 1994 J. Birmingham He died with Felefal in his Hand (1997) vi. 129 After three or four quick buckets each they'd then knock down about fifty bulbs of nitrous. 2001 Village Voice (N.Y.) (Nexis) 31 July 122 It's not a movie, it's a nitrous-powered dream probe launched into the soft cortex of every preadolescent and adolescent creature geek on Planet Earth. Compounds nitrous anhydride n. = nitrogen trioxide n. (a) at nitrogen n. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. vii. 63 Nitric Trioxide, or Nitrous Anhydride.—Symbol N₂O₃... This substance is prepared by mixing four volumes of dry nitric oxide with one volume of oxygen. 1929 Science 31 May 559/2 Smithh and Knerr discovered that when nitrous anhydride was passed into an ethereal solution of oil of wintergreen, the 3- and 5-nitro derivatives of methyl salicylate were produced. 1996 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 14428/1 The inhibitory effect of phosphate may be due to reaction with the nitrosating agent, nitrous anhydride (N₂O₃), formed by oxidation of NO. nitrous ether n. now historical ethyl nitrite. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > nitrogen > [noun] > compounds nitrous ether1791 nitruret1794 azoturet1819 azotane1827 nitride1850 hyponitric acid1854 nitryl1864 azotine1884 nitro-metal1895 tetrazone1895 trinitride1911 nitroxide1950 nitroxyl1969 1791 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 81 333 A mixture of vitriolic acid and alcohol detached from this powder no nitrous ether, nor any vapour that formed white clouds with volatile alkali. 1860 C. Knight Eng. Cycl.: Arts & Sci. III. 980 Nitrous ether, dissolved in alcohol, is the sweet spirit of nitre of pharmacy. 1947 Proc. Royal Soc. 134 358 Next came a study of nitrous ether, also abortive, then an attempt to determine the composition of nitre by exploding a mixture of it with charcoal. nitrous fumes n. a toxic mixture of gaseous oxides of nitrogen (cf. nitrous gas n.). ΚΠ 1768 Philos. Trans. 1767 (Royal Soc.) 57 533 The nitrous fumes condensed in water, in making the spiritus nitri fortis appear to be more acid than the strongest oil of vitriol. 1889 G. M. Hopkins Exper. Sci. xviii. 412 In this battery the hydrogen..decomposes the nitric acid, forming hyponitrous acid, which is dissolved or is disengaged as nitrous fumes. 1988 F. A. Cotton & G. Wilkinson Adv. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 5) x. 325 The mixed oxides, ‘nitrous fumes’, are used in organic chemistry as selective oxidizing agents. nitrous gas n. now historical nitric oxide, or a mixture of this with other gaseous oxides of nitrogen, obtained by the action of nitric acid on various metals in air. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > named gases > [noun] > containing nitrogen nitrous gas1742 nitrous air1772 nitric oxide1789 nitrogen monoxide1869 nitrox1982 1742 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 42 64 A Number of uncleanly People, being stowed too close together, heat the Air, make it replete with noxious Effluvia, destroy the Particles therein adapted to cool the Lungs, particularly the acid nitrous Gas, which is so abundant in cool air. 1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. II. iv. 227 Nitrous gas strongly resists putrefaction;..and after nitrous gas, carbonic acid gas is next in preservative power. 1939 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 53 321 Danger from nitrous gas is practically non-existent at the Glover tower or the Gay Lussac tower, as there is an inward draft. nitrous oxide n. a colourless gas, N₂O, made by heating ammonium nitrate, which has a faint sweetish odour and taste, and when inhaled produces anaesthesia or (at lower concentrations) a feeling of exhilaration; also called laughing gas. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > named gases > [noun] > containing nitrogen > nitrous oxide nitrous oxide1799 laughing gas1819 nitrogen monoxide1869 nitrous1977 1799 H. Davy in T. Beddoes Contrib. Physical & Med. Knowl. 79 A gas or gases indiminishable by nitrous oxyd. 1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. I. i. v. 62 We have treated them to mouthfuls of moonshine and draughts of nitrous oxyde, which they swallowed with incredible voracity, particularly the females. 1878 L. P. Meredith Teeth (ed. 2) 205 The..use of nitrous oxide for certain bodily complaints. 1990 D. Schimel in J. Leggett Global Warming iii. 79 Increasing temperature increases both inorganic nitrogen production and nitrous oxide emission. nitrous salt n. now historical nitre or another inorganic nitrate. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > nitrates or nitrites nitrous salt1605 saltpetre salt1682 nitrate1788 nitre1788 nitrite1788 septite1795 nitrate1863 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. v. sig. D2 Such salts chymists call Salt-Niter, or Niterous [L. nitrosos] salts. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 277 Nitres, and those Vegetables, which have nitrous Salts in them. 1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. vii. 296 The nitrous salts are too valuable for other purposes to be used as Manures. 1925 Amer. Hist. Rev. 30 274 Agents were sent out by Congress in the hope that they would succeed in extracting the ‘nitrous salt’ from earthen floors of the buildings and yards in the Southern colonies where tobacco was inspected and stored. nitrous vitriol n. a solution of oxides of nitrogen in sulphuric acid produced during the manufacture of sulphuric acid by the lead chamber process. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > solutions > [noun] > of oxides of nitrogen in sulphuric acid nitrous vitriol1879 1879 Chem. News 30 May 237/2 In a paper about to be published, I [sc. G. Lunge] have proved that denitration by hot water or steam is insufficient when the nitrous vitriol, by faulty work, contains nitric acid. 1933 W. T. Read Industr. Chem. xi. 165 A portion of the acid from the coolers is sent to the top of the cold tower. As it passes down the cold tower it picks up the oxides of nitrogen in the form of nitrosyl sulfuric acid and becomes..‘nitrous vitriol’. 1954 R. E. Kirk & D. F. Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. XIII. 472 The Glover tower receives the hot burner gas, and is fed at the top with the nitrous vitriol from the Gay-Lussac tower. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1583
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