nucleasen.

Brit.

/ˈnjuːklɪeɪz/, U.S.

/ˈn(j)ukliˌeɪz/,

/ˈn(j)ukliˌeɪs/

Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Nuclease.

Etymology: < German Nuclease (now usually Nuklease : see note) < Nucle- (in Nuclein nuclein n., or Nucleoproteïd : see nucleoproteid n.) + -ase -ase suffix.The German word was coined by Emmerich & Löw 1899, in Zeitschr. f. Hygiene 31 10, but in a slightly broader sense (see quot. 1902¹); the present meaning originated with L. Iwanoff 1903, in Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem. 39 43.

Biochemistry.

An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester bond of a nucleic acid, cleaving the nucleic acid into smaller units.A nuclease can be classified as a ribonuclease, exonuclease, endonuclease, etc., depending on the site of cleavage within the nucleic acid molecule.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > enzymes

galactase1898

cellulase1901

nuclease1902

xanthine oxidase1905

exoenzyme1908

glucosidase1909

galactase1910

nucleosidase1911

nucleotidase1911

adenosine deaminase1913

cellobiase1919

hydratase1922

activase1928

hexokinase1930

histaminase1930

kallikrein1930

Michaelis constant1930

cholinesterase1932

phosphodiesterase1932

chymotrypsin1933

glycosidase1933

rhodanese1933

acetylcholinesterase1937

prolidase1937

diaphorase1938

aconitase1939

hyaluronidase1940

transaminase1940

hydrase1943

isomerase1943

lactoperoxidase1943

streptokinase1944

pectinesterase1945

pectinmethylesterase1945

phosphokinase1946

alliinase1947

CoA1947

phosphotransferase1948

polymerase1948

transferase1948

elastase1949

amyloglucosidase1950

transacetylase1950

transhydrogenase1952

hydroxylase1953

kinase1953

transketolase1953

synthase1954

hexosaminidase1955

translocase1957

angiotensinase1958

angiotensin converting enzyme1960

photoenzyme1960

acetyltransferase1961

adenyl cyclase1961

adenylate cyclase1962

replicase1962

ADA1963

transcriptase1963

adenylyl cyclase1964

recombinase1964

laminarinase1966

nickase1967

acrosin1970

reverse transcriptase1970

cellobiohydrolase1972

cyclooxygenase1974

laminaranase1974

primase1977

helicase1978

monodeiodinase1978

transposase1979

maturase1980

1902 V. C. Vaughan & F. G. Novy Cellular Toxins (ed. 4) ix. 175 It is proposed that bacteriolytic enzymes be given the general name of nucleases, because they digest the nucleo~proteids of the bacterial cells.

1902 V. C. Vaughan & F. G. Novy Cellular Toxins (ed. 4) ix. 175 In their second paper Emmerich and Löw detail the methods which they have employed in the preparation of their nucleases and immuneproteids.

1903 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 84 ii. 679 Various fungi..decompose nucleic acid with the liberation of phosphoric acid and purine bases; this appears to be a ferment action... The name nuclease is suggested for the enzyme responsible for the action.

1911 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 9 129 The term nuclease is usually understood to designate a ferment..through whose agency nucleic acid is decomposed with the liberation of purine bases.

1949 H. W. Florey et al. Antibiotics I. i. 20 The active material was supposed to be an enzyme—it was even stated to be a nuclease.

1954 A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. xx. 582 The intestinal mucosa is also believed to form nucleases which aid in the digestion of the high molecular weight nucleic acids and polynucleotides.

1970 R. W. McGilvery Biochemistry xx. 481 The effect of the lysosomal nucleases is to cleave the molecule [of nucleic acid] into smaller polynucleotide fragments, with the liberation of only a few free nucleotides.

1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 4004/2 Soluble chromatin was prepared by micrococcal nuclease digestion of chicken erythrocyte nuclei.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	nuclease
释义	nucleasen. Brit. /ˈnjuːklɪeɪz/, U.S. /ˈn(j)ukliˌeɪz/, /ˈn(j)ukliˌeɪs/ Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Nuclease. Etymology: < German Nuclease (now usually Nuklease : see note) < Nucle- (in Nuclein nuclein n., or Nucleoproteïd : see nucleoproteid n.) + -ase -ase suffix.The German word was coined by Emmerich & Löw 1899, in Zeitschr. f. Hygiene 31 10, but in a slightly broader sense (see quot. 1902¹); the present meaning originated with L. Iwanoff 1903, in Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem. 39 43. Biochemistry. An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester bond of a nucleic acid, cleaving the nucleic acid into smaller units.A nuclease can be classified as a ribonuclease, exonuclease, endonuclease, etc., depending on the site of cleavage within the nucleic acid molecule. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > enzymes galactase1898 cellulase1901 nuclease1902 xanthine oxidase1905 exoenzyme1908 glucosidase1909 galactase1910 nucleosidase1911 nucleotidase1911 adenosine deaminase1913 cellobiase1919 hydratase1922 activase1928 hexokinase1930 histaminase1930 kallikrein1930 Michaelis constant1930 cholinesterase1932 phosphodiesterase1932 chymotrypsin1933 glycosidase1933 rhodanese1933 acetylcholinesterase1937 prolidase1937 diaphorase1938 aconitase1939 hyaluronidase1940 transaminase1940 hydrase1943 isomerase1943 lactoperoxidase1943 streptokinase1944 pectinesterase1945 pectinmethylesterase1945 phosphokinase1946 alliinase1947 CoA1947 phosphotransferase1948 polymerase1948 transferase1948 elastase1949 amyloglucosidase1950 transacetylase1950 transhydrogenase1952 hydroxylase1953 kinase1953 transketolase1953 synthase1954 hexosaminidase1955 translocase1957 angiotensinase1958 angiotensin converting enzyme1960 photoenzyme1960 acetyltransferase1961 adenyl cyclase1961 adenylate cyclase1962 replicase1962 ADA1963 transcriptase1963 adenylyl cyclase1964 recombinase1964 laminarinase1966 nickase1967 acrosin1970 reverse transcriptase1970 cellobiohydrolase1972 cyclooxygenase1974 laminaranase1974 primase1977 helicase1978 monodeiodinase1978 transposase1979 maturase1980 1902 V. C. Vaughan & F. G. Novy Cellular Toxins (ed. 4) ix. 175 It is proposed that bacteriolytic enzymes be given the general name of nucleases, because they digest the nucleo~proteids of the bacterial cells. 1902 V. C. Vaughan & F. G. Novy Cellular Toxins (ed. 4) ix. 175 In their second paper Emmerich and Löw detail the methods which they have employed in the preparation of their nucleases and immuneproteids. 1903 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 84 ii. 679 Various fungi..decompose nucleic acid with the liberation of phosphoric acid and purine bases; this appears to be a ferment action... The name nuclease is suggested for the enzyme responsible for the action. 1911 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 9 129 The term nuclease is usually understood to designate a ferment..through whose agency nucleic acid is decomposed with the liberation of purine bases. 1949 H. W. Florey et al. Antibiotics I. i. 20 The active material was supposed to be an enzyme—it was even stated to be a nuclease. 1954 A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. xx. 582 The intestinal mucosa is also believed to form nucleases which aid in the digestion of the high molecular weight nucleic acids and polynucleotides. 1970 R. W. McGilvery Biochemistry xx. 481 The effect of the lysosomal nucleases is to cleave the molecule [of nucleic acid] into smaller polynucleotide fragments, with the liberation of only a few free nucleotides. 1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 4004/2 Soluble chromatin was prepared by micrococcal nuclease digestion of chicken erythrocyte nuclei. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1902
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