nucleaten.

Brit.

/ˈnjuːklɪeɪt/, U.S.

/ˈn(j)ukliˌeɪt/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: nucleic adj., -ate suffix¹.

Etymology: < nucle- (in nucleic adj.) + -ate suffix¹.

Biochemistry.

A salt or ester of a nucleic acid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > miscellaneous others

alum zucarinea1425

white precipitate1588

volatile salt or salts1639

malate1788

oxalate1788

sebate1788

succinate1789

camphorate1800

suberate1800

tannate1802

formate1807

zymate1817

uranate1819

ambreate1820

fungate1821

hydriodide1823

sorbate1823

fulminate1824

uraniate1824

pinate1829

oleate1831

pectate1831

resinate1831

xanthate1831

formobenzoate1834

racemate1835

indigotate1838

japonate1838

oxalhydrate1838

oxalovinate1838

palmate1838

pyruvate1838

roccellate1838

rubinate1838

verdite1838

oxalurate1839

sesquisalt1839

palmitate1840

rhabarbarate1840

hippurate1841

palmitin1841

sericate1841

stearate1841

oenanthylate1843

humate1844

parabanate1844

urethylane1844

angelate1846

fungiate1847

nitroprusside1849

sodium nitroprusside1849

fulminurate1855

igasurate1855

inosinate1855

phenate1857

sinapate1857

styphnate1857

anchoate1858

parellate1858

toluate1860

piperate1862

fumarate1864

glycollate1864

hydurilate1865

hyoglycocholate1865

isamates1865

itaconates1865–72

paralactate1866

porphyrate1866

usnate1866

thebolactate1867

oxalonitrate1868

rhodanate1868

stearerate1868

terebate1868

terephthalate1868

thymotate1868

turpetholate1868

violurate1868

viridate1868

xanthide1868

glycocholate1872

xylate1872

xylidate1872

tiglate1875

peptonate1876

hydracrylate1877

thymolate1880

formamidine1882

carboxylate1884

nucleate1896

phytin1905

cacodylate1908

cupferron1910

protamine sulphate1915

metallic soap1918

pentaerythritol tetranitrate1923

phosphagen1927

phosphocreatine1927

viologen1933

pentachlorophenate1938

hyaluronate1946

tetraethylpyrophosphate1947

pteroylglutamate1948

inosate-

1896 Science 4 Dec. 842/2 The heads consist of..96.06% of neutral protamin nucleate.

1902 Science 28 Feb. 343/2 Vegetable nucleic acids and nucleates from wheat germs experience transformations in metabolism comparable with those obtained from nucleins of animal oirgin.

1915 W. Jones Nucleic Acids i. i. 5 The presence of a salt, protamine nucleate, in the metamorphosed nucleus.

1952 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 198 85 They attributed this discrepancy to the formation of ion pairs between sodium ions and the phosphate residues of the nucleate.

1978 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 517 429 Escherichia coli RNA polymerase was assayed with 4 mM Mg²⁺ and 1 mM Mn²⁺ using native DNA, heat-denatured DNA, histone-nucleate and isolated rat liver nuclei as the template source.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

nucleateadj.

Brit.

/ˈnjuːklɪət/,

/ˈnjuːklɪeɪt/, U.S.

/ˈn(j)ukliət/,

/ˈn(j)ukliˌeɪt/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: nucleus n., -ate suffix².

Etymology: < nucleus n. + -ate suffix². Compare French nucléé (1855). Compare earlier nucleated adj. N.E.D. (1907) gives only the pronunciation (niū·klĭĕt) /ˈnjuːklɪət/.

1. Biology. Having or containing a nucleus. Now usually: spec. (of a cell) nucleated.Occasionally with preceding numeral indicating a number of nuclei, as eight-nucleate. Cf. uninucleate adj. at uninuclear adj. Derivatives, binucleate adj. at bi- comb. form 1a, multinucleate adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > cell > cell organelle or contents > [adjective] > having nucleus

nucleated1809

nuclear1846

nucleate1846

nucular1943

1846 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 18 144 Fusus norvegicus differs decidedly from Fusus antiquus, with which it has occasionally been confounded: the canal is shorter and wider; the apical or nucleate whorls are considerably larger.

1858 Philos. Trans. 1857 (Royal Soc.) 147 550 In the former the endochrome has a clear oleaginous nucleate appearance, and fills each cell of the sporidium, leaving however a manifest interval between it and the outer membrane.

1876 Proc. Royal Soc. 1875–6 24 63 A sarcosome of transparent homogeneous connective-tissue, containing small ramified nucleate corpuscles, connects the polyp- and zooid-cavities.

1887 W. Phillips Man. Brit. Discomycetes 415 Guttate, Guttulate, furnished with one or more spherical drops; synonym for nucleate.

1921 Bot. Gaz. 71 397 Eight-nucleate stage of embryo sac before mature organization, showing degenerating cells of nucellus, rendered prominent by presence of large number of starch grains.

1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. iii. 43 Enucleate fragments do not take on again the typical form of the species, as nucleate fragments may do.

1978 Biochemistry 15 3106 Separation of the egg into nucleate and anucleate halves demonstrates that the RNA polymerases are not restricted to the egg nucleus.

1987 R. L. Fletcher Seaweeds Brit. Isles III. i. 41 In this process the first divisions of the oogonium are meiotic and four haploid nuclei are produced which subsequently divide mitotically to produce an eight nucleate oogonium.

2. Physics. Designating a manner of boiling in which streams of bubbles rise from specific sites (nuclei) on a hot surface in a liquid and are recondensed in the surrounding liquid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > action of boiling > [adjective] > specific type of boiling process

nucleate1938

1938 Trans. Amer. Inst. Chem. Engineers 33 449 ‘Nucleate boiling’ is what is ordinarily seen when a pan of water boils upon a stove.

1948 Trans. Amer. Soc. Mech. Engineers 70 372/1 The boiling was nucleate in the sense that the bubbles originated at favored spots on the metal surface.

1975 Nature 27 Mar. 322/2 This [sc. pulsation boiling] then progressively changes to nucleate boiling from the front of the sphere to the back.

1997 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 453 687 Nucleate boiling was initiated in droplets placed on a surface at a temperature above the boiling point of water.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

nucleatev.

Brit.

/ˈnjuːklɪeɪt/, U.S.

/ˈn(j)ukliˌeɪt/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: nucleus n., -ate suffix³.

Etymology: < nucleus n. + -ate suffix³. Compare classical Latin nucleāre to deprive of its kernel, post-classical Latin nucleari to become kernelly or hard (c400). Compare earlier nucleated adj. and nucleate adj.

1. gen.

a. transitive. To form into a nucleus; to gather, collect, or bring together as or around a nucleus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > mark or be the centre of [verb (transitive)] > make into a nucleus or node

nucleus1826

nucleate1856

nodalize1915

1856 T. Antisell Geol. Rep. in J. G. Parke Rep. Explor. Routes in Calif. II (U.S. War Dept.: Rep. Explor. Route to Pacific VII) 162 They are, perhaps, segregated masses of granitic mineral nucleating the hornblende or micaceous elements collecting in isolated patches.

1870 Daily Tel. 20 Aug. No doubt the plan of nucleating a second Grand Army at Châlons was a good one.

1934 A. B. Adams Novels W. H. Mallock iii. 29 The laborious task of dealing actively with political problems passes into the hands of the more energetic minority. Out of this, smaller oligarchies nucleate themselves.

1961 J. P. Cole & F. C. German Geogr. U.S.S.R. viii. 162 With collectivization, determined efforts have been made to nucleate the naturally very scattered population.

1991 Sci. Amer. July 98/3 Long ago an international ‘gyro culture’ has nucleated around a few physicists like Léon Foucault in the 1850s.

b. intransitive. To gather around a nucleus or central point; to cluster.

ΚΠ

1860 Harper's Mag. Sept. 549/2 Despite of all the by-play of repelling tendencies, the great heart of the Anglo-Saxon race is impassioned in behalf of fellowship. To nucleate is its first and last thought.

1910 W. Rauschenbusch Christianity & Social Crisis ii. 60 He knew that..the new society would have to nucleate around personal centres of renewal.

1996 S. E. Gray Yankee West Introd. 10 New England towns..were, under the impact of regional market integration, nucleating into commercial villages.

2. Science and Engineering.

a. transitive. To form nuclei in; to act as or provide a nucleus for the growth of (crystals, cracks, aggregates, etc.); to initiate (a process) at a particular location. Cf. nucleation n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [verb (transitive)] > form nucleus

nucleate1871

1871 F. W. Farrar Witness of Hist. i. 36 Even then he must account for the intervention which nucleated the first particle of protoplasm.

1952 Industr. & Engin. Chem. June 1273/2 Such fluctuations [in local density] are occurring continuously but it is only under very special, almost critical, conditions that they become of sufficient magnitude to nucleate the phase for a transition to a more stable state.

1961 J. W. Mullin Crystallization v. 109 Ethyl acetanilide can nucleate methyl acetanilide.

1972 Physics Bull. Nov. 656/1 They do predict static fatigue (since for example the probability of nucleating a crack of critical size increases with time).

1986 Nature 12 June 657/2 The hypothesis that ice crystals nucleate boiling in ordinary tap water.

2002 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 277 3760 Analyses of this interaction indicate that it..could nucleate the formation of a more complex RNA structure.

b. intransitive. To form a nucleus; to gather, collect, or be initiated about a nucleus or nuclei; to undergo nucleation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [verb (intransitive)] > form nucleus

nucleate1959

the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > find or have a centre [verb (intransitive)] > form a nucleus

nucleate1959

1959 Engineering 30 Jan. 152/2 Many of the domains appeared to ‘nucleate’ at crystalline imperfections.

1961 J. W. Mullin Crystallization v. 104 A saturated solution cannot nucleate spontaneously.

1974 Sci. Amer. Dec. 94/2 Inclusions can nucleate, multiply and grow dendritically just as the primary metallic phase does.

1991 R. Goldring Fossils in Field iv. 67 In sandy or silty sediment, pyrite may nucleate on plant stems and seeds, or within woody cells.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.1896

adj.1846

v.1856

单词	nucleate
释义	nucleaten. Brit. /ˈnjuːklɪeɪt/, U.S. /ˈn(j)ukliˌeɪt/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: nucleic adj., -ate suffix¹. Etymology: < nucle- (in nucleic adj.) + -ate suffix¹. Biochemistry. A salt or ester of a nucleic acid. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > miscellaneous others alum zucarinea1425 white precipitate1588 volatile salt or salts1639 malate1788 oxalate1788 sebate1788 succinate1789 camphorate1800 suberate1800 tannate1802 formate1807 zymate1817 uranate1819 ambreate1820 fungate1821 hydriodide1823 sorbate1823 fulminate1824 uraniate1824 pinate1829 oleate1831 pectate1831 resinate1831 xanthate1831 formobenzoate1834 racemate1835 indigotate1838 japonate1838 oxalhydrate1838 oxalovinate1838 palmate1838 pyruvate1838 roccellate1838 rubinate1838 verdite1838 oxalurate1839 sesquisalt1839 palmitate1840 rhabarbarate1840 hippurate1841 palmitin1841 sericate1841 stearate1841 oenanthylate1843 humate1844 parabanate1844 urethylane1844 angelate1846 fungiate1847 nitroprusside1849 sodium nitroprusside1849 fulminurate1855 igasurate1855 inosinate1855 phenate1857 sinapate1857 styphnate1857 anchoate1858 parellate1858 toluate1860 piperate1862 fumarate1864 glycollate1864 hydurilate1865 hyoglycocholate1865 isamates1865 itaconates1865–72 paralactate1866 porphyrate1866 usnate1866 thebolactate1867 oxalonitrate1868 rhodanate1868 stearerate1868 terebate1868 terephthalate1868 thymotate1868 turpetholate1868 violurate1868 viridate1868 xanthide1868 glycocholate1872 xylate1872 xylidate1872 tiglate1875 peptonate1876 hydracrylate1877 thymolate1880 formamidine1882 carboxylate1884 nucleate1896 phytin1905 cacodylate1908 cupferron1910 protamine sulphate1915 metallic soap1918 pentaerythritol tetranitrate1923 phosphagen1927 phosphocreatine1927 viologen1933 pentachlorophenate1938 hyaluronate1946 tetraethylpyrophosphate1947 pteroylglutamate1948 inosate- 1896 Science 4 Dec. 842/2 The heads consist of..96.06% of neutral protamin nucleate. 1902 Science 28 Feb. 343/2 Vegetable nucleic acids and nucleates from wheat germs experience transformations in metabolism comparable with those obtained from nucleins of animal oirgin. 1915 W. Jones Nucleic Acids i. i. 5 The presence of a salt, protamine nucleate, in the metamorphosed nucleus. 1952 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 198 85 They attributed this discrepancy to the formation of ion pairs between sodium ions and the phosphate residues of the nucleate. 1978 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 517 429 Escherichia coli RNA polymerase was assayed with 4 mM Mg²⁺ and 1 mM Mn²⁺ using native DNA, heat-denatured DNA, histone-nucleate and isolated rat liver nuclei as the template source. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). nucleateadj. Brit. /ˈnjuːklɪət/, /ˈnjuːklɪeɪt/, U.S. /ˈn(j)ukliət/, /ˈn(j)ukliˌeɪt/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: nucleus n., -ate suffix². Etymology: < nucleus n. + -ate suffix². Compare French nucléé (1855). Compare earlier nucleated adj. N.E.D. (1907) gives only the pronunciation (niū·klĭĕt) /ˈnjuːklɪət/. 1. Biology. Having or containing a nucleus. Now usually: spec. (of a cell) nucleated.Occasionally with preceding numeral indicating a number of nuclei, as eight-nucleate. Cf. uninucleate adj. at uninuclear adj. Derivatives, binucleate adj. at bi- comb. form 1a, multinucleate adj. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > cell > cell organelle or contents > [adjective] > having nucleus nucleated1809 nuclear1846 nucleate1846 nucular1943 1846 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 18 144 Fusus norvegicus differs decidedly from Fusus antiquus, with which it has occasionally been confounded: the canal is shorter and wider; the apical or nucleate whorls are considerably larger. 1858 Philos. Trans. 1857 (Royal Soc.) 147 550 In the former the endochrome has a clear oleaginous nucleate appearance, and fills each cell of the sporidium, leaving however a manifest interval between it and the outer membrane. 1876 Proc. Royal Soc. 1875–6 24 63 A sarcosome of transparent homogeneous connective-tissue, containing small ramified nucleate corpuscles, connects the polyp- and zooid-cavities. 1887 W. Phillips Man. Brit. Discomycetes 415 Guttate, Guttulate, furnished with one or more spherical drops; synonym for nucleate. 1921 Bot. Gaz. 71 397 Eight-nucleate stage of embryo sac before mature organization, showing degenerating cells of nucellus, rendered prominent by presence of large number of starch grains. 1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. iii. 43 Enucleate fragments do not take on again the typical form of the species, as nucleate fragments may do. 1978 Biochemistry 15 3106 Separation of the egg into nucleate and anucleate halves demonstrates that the RNA polymerases are not restricted to the egg nucleus. 1987 R. L. Fletcher Seaweeds Brit. Isles III. i. 41 In this process the first divisions of the oogonium are meiotic and four haploid nuclei are produced which subsequently divide mitotically to produce an eight nucleate oogonium. 2. Physics. Designating a manner of boiling in which streams of bubbles rise from specific sites (nuclei) on a hot surface in a liquid and are recondensed in the surrounding liquid. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > action of boiling > [adjective] > specific type of boiling process nucleate1938 1938 Trans. Amer. Inst. Chem. Engineers 33 449 ‘Nucleate boiling’ is what is ordinarily seen when a pan of water boils upon a stove. 1948 Trans. Amer. Soc. Mech. Engineers 70 372/1 The boiling was nucleate in the sense that the bubbles originated at favored spots on the metal surface. 1975 Nature 27 Mar. 322/2 This [sc. pulsation boiling] then progressively changes to nucleate boiling from the front of the sphere to the back. 1997 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 453 687 Nucleate boiling was initiated in droplets placed on a surface at a temperature above the boiling point of water. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). nucleatev. Brit. /ˈnjuːklɪeɪt/, U.S. /ˈn(j)ukliˌeɪt/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: nucleus n., -ate suffix³. Etymology: < nucleus n. + -ate suffix³. Compare classical Latin nucleāre to deprive of its kernel, post-classical Latin nucleari to become kernelly or hard (c400). Compare earlier nucleated adj. and nucleate adj. 1. gen. a. transitive. To form into a nucleus; to gather, collect, or bring together as or around a nucleus. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > mark or be the centre of [verb (transitive)] > make into a nucleus or node nucleus1826 nucleate1856 nodalize1915 1856 T. Antisell Geol. Rep. in J. G. Parke Rep. Explor. Routes in Calif. II (U.S. War Dept.: Rep. Explor. Route to Pacific VII) 162 They are, perhaps, segregated masses of granitic mineral nucleating the hornblende or micaceous elements collecting in isolated patches. 1870 Daily Tel. 20 Aug. No doubt the plan of nucleating a second Grand Army at Châlons was a good one. 1934 A. B. Adams Novels W. H. Mallock iii. 29 The laborious task of dealing actively with political problems passes into the hands of the more energetic minority. Out of this, smaller oligarchies nucleate themselves. 1961 J. P. Cole & F. C. German Geogr. U.S.S.R. viii. 162 With collectivization, determined efforts have been made to nucleate the naturally very scattered population. 1991 Sci. Amer. July 98/3 Long ago an international ‘gyro culture’ has nucleated around a few physicists like Léon Foucault in the 1850s. b. intransitive. To gather around a nucleus or central point; to cluster. ΚΠ 1860 Harper's Mag. Sept. 549/2 Despite of all the by-play of repelling tendencies, the great heart of the Anglo-Saxon race is impassioned in behalf of fellowship. To nucleate is its first and last thought. 1910 W. Rauschenbusch Christianity & Social Crisis ii. 60 He knew that..the new society would have to nucleate around personal centres of renewal. 1996 S. E. Gray Yankee West Introd. 10 New England towns..were, under the impact of regional market integration, nucleating into commercial villages. 2. Science and Engineering. a. transitive. To form nuclei in; to act as or provide a nucleus for the growth of (crystals, cracks, aggregates, etc.); to initiate (a process) at a particular location. Cf. nucleation n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [verb (transitive)] > form nucleus nucleate1871 1871 F. W. Farrar Witness of Hist. i. 36 Even then he must account for the intervention which nucleated the first particle of protoplasm. 1952 Industr. & Engin. Chem. June 1273/2 Such fluctuations [in local density] are occurring continuously but it is only under very special, almost critical, conditions that they become of sufficient magnitude to nucleate the phase for a transition to a more stable state. 1961 J. W. Mullin Crystallization v. 109 Ethyl acetanilide can nucleate methyl acetanilide. 1972 Physics Bull. Nov. 656/1 They do predict static fatigue (since for example the probability of nucleating a crack of critical size increases with time). 1986 Nature 12 June 657/2 The hypothesis that ice crystals nucleate boiling in ordinary tap water. 2002 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 277 3760 Analyses of this interaction indicate that it..could nucleate the formation of a more complex RNA structure. b. intransitive. To form a nucleus; to gather, collect, or be initiated about a nucleus or nuclei; to undergo nucleation. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [verb (intransitive)] > form nucleus nucleate1959 the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > find or have a centre [verb (intransitive)] > form a nucleus nucleate1959 1959 Engineering 30 Jan. 152/2 Many of the domains appeared to ‘nucleate’ at crystalline imperfections. 1961 J. W. Mullin Crystallization v. 104 A saturated solution cannot nucleate spontaneously. 1974 Sci. Amer. Dec. 94/2 Inclusions can nucleate, multiply and grow dendritically just as the primary metallic phase does. 1991 R. Goldring Fossils in Field iv. 67 In sandy or silty sediment, pyrite may nucleate on plant stems and seeds, or within woody cells. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1896adj.1846v.1856
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