| 释义 |
nookn. Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. The majority of the Middle English examples are from northern and north and east midland sources, and the word has most currency in regional varieties in Scotland, the north of England, and the midlands; apart from the Latin examples below, however, the earliest trace of the word appears in Laȝamon in the adjective four-nooked , designating a body of water (see nooked adj.). The range of senses attested for the simplex is broad by the end of the Middle English period. Compare post-classical Latin noca, noka corner of land (from 1172 in British sources).The phonetic history of the word shows the reflex of Middle English close long ō , with the usual modern form showing later shortening in most dialects. The pronunciation /nuːk/ is given by the majority of 18th-cent. sources including Johnston (1771), Kenrick (1773), Perry (1788) and Sheridan (1789). One exception is Jones (1798) who records the pronunciation /nʊk/, which becomes more prevalent in the 19th cent., and is given by Alexander (1800), Webster (1828), Smalley (1855) and Stormonth & Phelp (1885). Worcester (1888) records both pronunciations. /nʊk/ becomes the dominant pronunciation in British and American English in the 20th cent. With sense 4 perhaps compare Middle Low German ōke , nōke acute-angled piece of land, although the nature of any relationship is unclear. Norwegian regional (Telemark) nōk (recorded in the sense ‘hook’, but primarily in figurative use of people who are ‘bent with age’, or poor, shy, etc.) has been suggested as an etymon. However, although a Scandinavian origin seems very plausible, the chronological gap is probably too great and the semantic match not close enough for this suggested etymology to be advanced with confidence. A connection has also been suggested with the base of nock n.3, but this presents formal difficulties. A West Germanic etymology (assuming an unattested corresponding Old English noun) from the same base as Dutch snoek pike (see snook n.2), hence assuming an original sense ‘point, projection’, is proposed by F. Holthausen in Indogermanische Forschungen (1903) 14 341, but this presents semantic difficulties. Scottish Gaelic niùc is from Scots forms of the English word. Compare the following, apparently showing post-classical Latin borrowing of the English word in sense 4b, although considerably antedating the earliest English examples in this sense:1172 Papsturkunden in England I. 383 Dimidiam virgatam et unam nocam in Uffinton[a].1239 Curia Regis XVI. 1016 Terciam partem j nocke terre.a1300 Red Bk. Hereford Bishopric Estates 16 W. de Wallecroft tenet unam nokam terre.1347 Reg. Bishops Hereford 39 Dedit tres nocas terre de dominico suo dicte capelle.a1400 in W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum (1671) II. 331 Unam virgatam terræ..et tres nocas terræ. With this sense compare also the following early uses in place names (other field names occur, but are much later):1336 in J. E. B. Glover et al. Place-names Nottinghamshire (1940) 288 Esthauwenook.1393 in K. C. Newton Thaxted in 14th Cent. (1960) 35 [A piece of land..called] le Nook. Compare also post-classical Latin nocium in sense ‘piece, portion’ in the following isolated example:1341 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1882) I. 224 Unam nocium carnis die carnium. 1. the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit c1300 (Laud) (1868) 820 Al þat he þer-fore tok, Withheld he nouth a ferþinges nok. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng (Harl.) 5810 (MED) Þe clerk ȝaue alle hys raunsun To þe pore men..wyþhelde he nat a ferþyng noke. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 28 (MED) Siluer for Southwales not a ferþing noke; Oþer treuage he sette: a þousand kie he toke. c1400 (?c1380) l. 278 (MED) He lurkkes & laytes where watz le best, In vche a nok of his nauel. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil (1959) x. xii. 27 A stane..Quhilk of a montane semyt a gret nuike. 1728 C. Cibber ii. i. 27 The Nook that's left o' th' Goose Poy. 1819 W. Scott II. ii. 39 Thou shalt be welcome to a nook of pasty. 1887 T. Darlington A good nook o' the money was gone. the world > space > shape > angularity > [noun] > angular object > angular extremity or fragment the world > space > shape > angularity > [noun] > angle or corner > internal or pointing inward > in an enclosed space or a nook the world > space > shape > angularity > [noun] > angle or corner > internal or pointing inward > in an enclosed space or a nook > small α. c1380 in (1946) 21 196 Summe notes arn shorte and somme a long noke. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 19845 A mikel linnen clath four squar..At nokes four. c1440 (Thornton) (1949) 181 He had þe letter by þe noke [v.r. nooke]. 1551 R. Record i. Def. A cantle..cutte out with two lynes drawen from the centre to the circumference..if it be not parted from the reste of the circle..is called a nooke. 1605 R. Verstegan v. 150 A nook or corner beeing in our ancient language called a kant or cantel. 1640 H. Glapthorne ii. sig. Di The custard with the foure and twenty Nooks At my Lord Majors feast. a1795 in F. J. Child III. 163/1 In every hand he took a nook Of that great leathern meal [= bag]. 1824 Ld. Byron xxvii. 74 Couched all snugly on his pillow's nook, With what he had seen his phantasy he fed. 1897 A. Clare 194 The lamb was slung in the nook of his plaid. the world > the earth > region of the earth > [noun] c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) 4831 Ȝit fand he..twa crasid gatis, Ane to þe noke of þe north, anothire to þe est. c1650 (a1450) Death & Life l. 142 in I. Gollancz (1930) V. 5 In a nooke of the north there was a noyse hard. the world > space > shape > angularity > [noun] > angle or corner a1400 (?c1300) (Royal) (1879) 88 (MED) Þo prest..standes turnande his boke at þo south auter noke. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 17675 (MED) Bi nokes four þe hous up hang. c1520 M. Nisbet (1901) I. Matt. vi. 5 Ypocritis that luvis to pray standand in synagogis and newkis of stretis. 1579 in D. Masson (1880) 1st Ser. III. 189 The inner barmkin of the said hous, and the tour upoun the south nuke of the samin. 1786 R. Burns 215 'Twas the auld moon turn'd a newk An' out o' sight. 1811 37 131 He offered V.C. a shilling to..shoot at me as I turned a hedge nook. 1849 G. C. Greenwell 37 Nook ‘Neuk’, one of the corners of a working place at the face; also, the corner of a pillar of coal. 1880 J. E. Watt 113 Roun' the first nook we gang he'll be standin'. 1897 20 Apr. 2/8 In Bewcastle it is quite common to say ‘going round the nook’, that is the corner of the gable. 3. the world > space > place > [noun] > set apart or out of the way a1425 (c1333–52) L. Minot (1914) 21 Ȝit in many priue nokes May men find of Merlin bokes. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 93 Thai..held thame in ane nwke preue, Quhill at the nycht suld passit be. 1568 A. Scott (1896) iv. 3 Hant nocht in hoile or nuke, To hurt ȝour womanheid. 1620 in W. H. Stevenson (1889) IV. 369 Greatte disorder as ther is in divers places..in nookes and back sides. a1677 I. Barrow (1683) II. 202 As if the King should cause his Edicts to be set up in the blindest and dirtiest nook of the Suburbs. 1785 W. Cowper 29 June (1981) II. 359 I write in a nook that I call my Bouderie. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ix, in 2nd Ser. III. 241 Others dragged from some nook the stupified Bonthron. 1852 H. B. Stowe I. xiv. 209 He would climb to a nook among the cotton-bales of the upper deck. 1988 B. Sterling vi. 185 Emily led them off the bus and up a nook. 1998 R. Newman 94 In a dark nook lies a girl passed out on a bench-seat. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > [noun] > specific part of α. ?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford (1940) 20568 So many a man proues and lokes, ffour kindes of fische in þe four nokes. c1450 (1904) I. 91 (MED) Þis womman layde hur down in a noke of his cell & slepyd. 1562 A. Brooke tr. M. Bandello f. 5v Bashfull Romeus..withdrew into the chambers nooke. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny II. 492 The Statues..were set vp in the cornered nouke of the Comitium at Rome. a1625 J. Fletcher Mad Lover iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher (1647) sig. Cv/2 Not a nooke of hell, Not the most horrid pit shall harbour thee. 1725 D. Defoe i. 64 I caused him to be set down in a Nook of the Cabbin. 1812 H. Smith & J. Smith 52 Forth from thy nook John Horner come. 1877 ‘Mrs. Forrester’ I. 4 There were so many nooks and corners in the..room. 1968 V. Nabokov vii. 139 In an uncozy nook between the parlor and the entry..Dreyer in evening dress sat reading an English book. 1994 9 Jan. g1/2 A bay-windowed nook sits adjacent to the generously-sized kitchen. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > a secret place, hiding place > [noun] > a nook, corner c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) 506 (MED) A litill brid..nestild in a noke as it a nest were. 1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie i. vii. f. 58 They yt haue the nookes & celles of theyr brain slenderly moyst. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil iv. 74 I doe craue (yf toe prayers as yeet soom nouke be reserued). 1667 J. Milton i. 707 A third..had form'd..A various mould, and from the boyling cells..fill'd each hollow nook . View more context for this quotation 1721 A. Ramsay vi Ryp ilka pouch frae nook to nook. 1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor iv*, in 3rd Ser. I. 136 Shame be in my meal-poke,..and your hand aye in the nook of it! 1851 W. H. Goold in J. Owen VI. 88 No nook of the heart is left unsearched. 1929 R. H. S. Crossman in 13 So best lie easy in this nook of air Recess where only gentle waves come in. 1976 31 Oct. 1/3 (caption) Campbell is also caught off the wrong foot as the ball flies into a nook of the net. the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hollow or depression > [noun] society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > secluded place or place of seclusion > [noun] > among natural scenery 1555 W. Waterman tr. Josephus in tr. J. Boemus sig. Z.j He vanisshed in a noque of the hille, beynge soubdenly ouercaste with a cloude. 1581 J. Derricke i. sig. Diij So do thei [sc. eagles] kepe in wildest Nokes. 1628 G. Wither ii. 1635 Through Nookes, & Corners, she pursu'd the Chase. 1667 J. Milton ix. 277 As in a shadie nook I stood behind. View more context for this quotation 1794 W. Cowper 40 The hasty brook, Struggling, detain'd in many a petty nook. 1810 W. Scott i. 11 In the deep Trosach's wildest nook His solitary refuge took. 1856 A. P. Stanley (1858) ii. 141 These trees,..secluded as they are in their retired nooks on the heights of Lebanon. 1900 H. James 25 Sept. (1984) IV. 165 The garden-nook is so pretty. 1922 S. Anderson 129 In the wooded places are many little cloistered nooks, quiet places where lovers go to sit. 1954 J. R. R. Tolkien iv. i. 218 Nor did Sam find any nook or hollow to shelter in: only bare stony slopes. 1987 7 June 31/2 Trying to find a windfree nook to do a spot of serious sun-bathing. the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bend in coast > [noun] > inlet in river or sea > small 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil i. 5 Theare stands far stretching a nouke vplandish: an Island..hath framed an hauen. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. ii. 228 Safely in harbour Is the Kings shippe, in the deepe Nooke . View more context for this quotation 1661 1 The great plenty of Fish, wherewith the..Nooks and Lakes of our Dominions doth abound. 1725 (Hist. MSS Comm.) VI. 116 A large nook or recess in those banks..which they are informed by tradition was formerly a Haven. 1837 in E. W. McMullen (1953) 156 ‘Jupiter Inlet’..is probably the most inaccessible and barren nook on the Floridian coast. 1884 D. Pae 8 In a sheltered nook close under the high bank lay a boat. 1975 26 44 We know that the coast is cut by coves or nooks, since Ariel feels obliged to explain to Prospero in just which nook he chose to hide the ship. 4. the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > promontory, headland, or cape > [noun] the world > the earth > land > landscape > [noun] > landform > projecting ?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford (1996) I. l. 2381 For it att Bryttaine end stondes, Als a corner of þe londys—Yia, as it war a corner noke, Þarfor Cornevaile to name it toke. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 556 Gif he seis we land may ta, On Turnberyis nwk [v.r. snuke] he may Mak a fyre. c1540 J. Bellenden in tr. H. Boece sig. Biijv Galloway rynnis with ane gret snout of craggis..in the Ireland seis. This snout is callit be the peple the Mulis nuk. 1577 W. Harrison Descr. Scotl. iii. 3/2 in R. Holinshed I As for Galloway it selfe, it yeeldeth out a great point promontory or cape (which the Scots call a Mule or Nuke) into the Irish Sea. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie (1888) I. 5 That syde quhilke lyes to ffrance hes twa nuikes, of quhilkes the ane lyes to Kent, the vther to the South. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden i. 323 Britaine heere [sc. in Kent] runneth out with a mighty nooke, or corner into the East. b. the world > the earth > land > tract > [noun] > triangle c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) 3144 A brade bent fild was beried full of kniȝtis... Þe sepulture of a sire þat of Surre was kyng..was in a noke fonden. 1603 in J. Anderson (1899) 351 Lands..of which..the other portion lies in the ‘Conyflett’ and is called the ‘nuik’. 1606 in (1903) 3 153 His gapp or Yaite between the Meare Stone and the Intake Nooke. 1665 (1899) II. 214 There is grannted to Lawrence Bliss Some Small nookes & Strappets of Meddow & Swamp lying in the corners of his meddow. 1716 4 The Select men..Do consent..that the S[ai]d Mr. Davenport do Inclose and add unto his Land..as far Southerly as the S[ai]d corner or nook of Land. 1753 (Mappleton, Derby) Land..called Tibdale goats nook. 1900 W. Dickinson & E. W. Prevost 227/2 A designative term for a small field or farm—Low Wood Nook, High Nook. 1997 (Electronic ed.) 1 Oct. Seamas Breathnach's little nook of oats was greenish still, not yet ready for reaping. ?1677 S. Primatt 106 A Platform for two Houses, the ground lying with a Nuke. ?1677 S. Primatt 163 Any Map or Plat of ground, if it hath never so many Nukes and Corners, may be reduced into Triangles. 1712 J. Arbuthnot iv. 17 He wants my poor little Farm, because it makes a Nook in his Park-Wall. 1855 F. K. Robinson 117 Neuk, an angle of a field. 1882 J. Lucas xiv. 113 A newk or nêâk is..bleak shoulder or ‘edge’, a bold sharp feature running along the side of a dale. the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > other units of land measure a1634 W. Noye (1651) 57 You must note, that two Fardells of Land make a Nooke of Land, and two Nookes make halfe a Yard of Land. 1903 IV. 295/1 Nook, an old legal term for 12½ acres of land; still in use at Alston. 1968 9 Nov. p. ii/2 They poured their wine by the aume or the fust, and cut their cloth by the goad—not to be confused with the gawd, which was a measure of steel. Their nook was not cosy; it covered 20 acres. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [noun] > remote or outlying area c1480 (a1400) St. Machor 658 in W. M. Metcalfe (1896) II. 19 Hou ma we þane þis word fulfil þat in a nuk here lyis stil. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece iv. xx. f. 53/1 Ȝe..quhilkis ar heir in the farrest nuyk of the warld. 1581 N. Burne Disput. Headdis of Relig. in T. G. Law (1901) 140 He meruellis hou that Scotland being bot ane nuke of the varld [etc.]. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus xxxi. iii. 404 A strange and unknowne kind of people before time,..risen from out of a secret nouke. 1631 R. Bolton 36 That thou shouldest be borne, and bred, and brought up in this little neglected Nooke of the world. 1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in 40 What vast Regions hold The immortal mind that hath forsook Her mansion in this fleshly nook. a1693 M. Bruce (1708) 48 I trow in stead of Waiting, many a one of us be come to the far nook of our Patience. 1702 C. Mather i. vi. 25/1 As Genteel Persons as most that ever visited these Nooks of America. 1785 W. Cowper ii. 207 While yet a nook is left Where English minds and manners may be found. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Epic in (new ed.) II. 1 How all the old honour had from Christmas gone,..or dwindled down to some odd games In some odd nooks like this. 1878 R. Browning 12 The news of that rare nook Yet untroubled by the tourist. 1998 Jan. 18/3 It's good to be familiar with features such as the Audio and Video settings. It isn't likely you will need to poke around these remote nooks. Phrasesa1593 C. Marlowe (1594) sig. B4 Make seuerall kingdomes of this monarchie, And share it equally amongst you all, So I may haue some nooke or corner left, To frolike with my deerest Gaueston. 1628 G. Wither ii. 66 Through Nookes, & Corners, she pursu'd the Chase, There was no barring her from any place. 1668 F. Kirkman II. xiii. 124 I had then no Pent-houses to walk under to keep me from the rain, nor was there a red lattice at every nook and corner (as at London) to give me entertainment. 1751 R. Paltock I. xv. 153 I have examined every Nook and Corner of this New World. a1785 J. Hall-Stevenson Miss in Teens in (1795) III. iii. 49 Each nook and cranny she survey'd; She even examin'd the close-stool, But Dick was in the closet laid. 1824 C. Lamb in 10 226/1 I..knew every nook and corner, wondered and worshipped everywhere. 1873 P. G. Hamerton i. v. 29 He explored the whole neighbourhood, looking into every nook and cranny of it. 1933 35 The driving force that sweeps Mr. Huxley on to presenting every nook and cranny of his Brave New World to the fiercest light of inquiry. 1973 2 Sept. 13/1 There was..a dispersal of the small number of negro students throughout the nooks and crannies of Harvard College. 2001 8 Feb. p. xi/3 Chemokines—proteins that orchestrate the migration of cells that bear the appropriate chemokine receptors—permeate every nook and cranny of immunology. Compounds the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > figure forming part of circle 1551 R. Record i. Def. Sometimes..a cantle is cutte out with two lynes drawen from the centre to the circumference,..and then maie it be called a nooke cantle. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > vaulting > rib 1835 R. Willis 367 Sometimes octagon nook-ribs are used with cylindrical shafts. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of window > [noun] > other types of window 1878 W. Dickinson (ed. 2) Suppl. 130/2 Neuk-window. In old farm houses there was generally a small square window in the corner nearest the fireplace of the..sitting room. 1885 H. Caine 118 They put her in a great armchair and wheeled her into her place by the neuk window. 2002 (Electronic ed.) 20 Jan. Take an early Eighties sitcom setting in Guildford or Leatherhead (arched double front door, small nook window beside it, wide hall, sub-Voysey kind of thing). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). nookv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: nook n. 1. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, lie or hidden [verb (intransitive)] > go into hiding > in a corner 1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker sig. G4v Hang. Shall the ambuscado lie in one place? Curt. No, nooke thou yonder. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)] > in a corner 1818 M. Edgeworth 29 Oct. (1971) 132 She had gone out of her own bedchamber for us and nooked herself into some little den of a room! 1840 7 345 The elder tree, growing by the little wicket, or nooked in a corner of the garden. 1899 29 Apr. (E.D.D.) He heard them talk about ‘nooking’ the boots, by which he understood they meant to hide them. 1909 3 Apr. 3/1 In thorpe and village and farm, or nooked In glade and valley and lonely lane. 1947 R. Bedichek xv. 186 Ageless superstitions bob up unexpectedly like gargoyles nooked in here and there to relieve the solemnity of some ancient pile. 1971 A. Burgess ii. 22 If you didn't wish to eat..at the huge half-wheel of the counter, you had to be nooked between wooden partitions. 1998 (Electronic ed.) Jan. A two-decibel hush whispers of library stacks, of scholars nooked in carrels. the world > space > shape > angularity > make angular or furnish with angles or corners [verb (transitive)] > chip off so as to form corners 1789 J. Brand II. 681 The hewer first digs as far as he can into the bottom of the stratum; then he nooks or corners off the part measured off. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.c1300 v.1611 |
