obligationn.

Brit.

/ˌɒblᵻˈɡeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌɑbləˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English abligacion, Middle English hoblygasyon, Middle English obligacoun, Middle English obligatioun, Middle English oblyacyn (transmission error), Middle English oblygacion, Middle English oblygacyon, Middle English oblygacyun, Middle English olligacioun (transmission error), Middle English–1500s obligacioun, Middle English–1500s obligacyon, Middle English–1600s obligacion, Middle English–1600s obligacon, Middle English– obligation, 1500s obligacione, 1500s oblygassyon, 1500s–1600s oblygation, 1600s obligaton; Scottish pre-1700 obbligacioun, pre-1700 oblegacioun, pre-1700 oblegatyon, pre-1700 oblegaytion, pre-1700 obligacion, pre-1700 obligacione, pre-1700 obligacioune, pre-1700 obligacon, pre-1700 obligacoun, pre-1700 obligacoune, pre-1700 obligacyon, pre-1700 obligacyoun, pre-1700 obligatione, pre-1700 obligatioun, pre-1700 obligatioune, pre-1700 obligatiovn, pre-1700 obligatyowne, pre-1700 oblygacion, pre-1700 oblygacioun, pre-1700 oblygacoun, pre-1700 oblygation, pre-1700 oblygatioun, pre-1700 1700s obligacioun, pre-1700 1700s– obligation.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French obligacion; Latin obligātiōn-, obligātiō.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman obligacion, obligation, obligacioun, obligaciun and Old French, Middle French obligacion, obligation action of pledging (1235 in Old French), legal bond (1283), moral constraint (c1370; French obligation ) and its etymon classical Latin obligātiōn-, obligātiō action of pledging, legal bond, legal liability, in post-classical Latin also a bond, constraint (Vulgate), a binding agreement (5th cent.) < obligāt- , past participial stem of obligāre oblige v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian obbligazione (first half of the 14th cent.; c1300 as obrigagione, obligagione), Spanish obligación (1490), Portuguese obrigação (1347).

1. Law and Finance. A binding agreement committing a person to a payment or other action; the document containing such an agreement; a written contract or bond. Also: the right created or liability incurred by such an agreement, document, or bond; the duty of a borrower to repay a loan. Now chiefly superseded by contract.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal obligation > [noun] > a legal obligation

obligationa1325

due1439

society > law > legal obligation > [noun] > a legal obligation > document containing

obligationa1325

cowle1688

a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vii. 59 Weþer so hit is contract, oþer couenauns, oþer obligacions, oþer seruise.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xvi. 6 And he seide to him, Taak thin obligacioun [L. cautionem], and sitte Soon, and wryt fyfti.

1431 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 276 ij sufficient plegges, bowndyn wt hem in a symple [v.r. syngyll] obligacion, for to make a trewe delyueraunce of swiche goodys as thei receyue.

1447 Indenture in H. Anstey Munimenta Academica Oxf. (1868) II. 566 (MED) Item, 1 obligacion, in the whyche oon Johan Croxdone was bounde to the sayd Harry in 40 shillings.

c1475 tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 185 (MED) A symple promysse or a worde of a marchaunte shall be trusted as moche and taken for as grete suertee as in othre places men-is obligacions.

1538 A. Fitzherbert Newe Bk. Justyces Peas f. 91^v Till he be bounde by obligacion to the kynges use, in such some as..shal be thought resonable.

1567 Guide & Godlie Ballatis 176 With dispensationis and obligationis..He wald dispence for money from hence With thame he never saw.

1615 W. Bedwell Arabian Trudgman in tr. Mohammedis Imposturæ sig. N4^v, at Talby A peece of parchment, not any whit bigger then an ordinary..obligation.

1652 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Peebles (1910) 2 To produce all the tounes registers of obligatiounes.

1711 in H. Paton Rothesay Parish Rec. (1931) 275 The minister..received..an obligation granted by the deceast..Earle of Bute..in favours of the parish of Rothsay.

1786 E. Burke Speech against W. Hastings in Wks. XII. 260 He had made a temporary seizure of the profits..for the re-payment of which he gave his bonds and obligations.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. viii. 668 Security..for the discharge of the obligations which the Company held upon the government of Oude.

1883 Wharton's Law-lexicon (ed. 7) 105/1 A bond is called single when it is without a penalty, and an obligation when it contains a penalty, which is generally double the amount of the principal sum secured.

1946 C. C. Abbott Managem. Federal Debt v. 87 Should a boom or a price inflation develop and conditions call for a restriction of deposits, this policy of relying upon instances of bank credit to take up obligations not wanted by nonbank holders would aggravate the situation.

1988 Times of India 23 Feb. i. 8/6 Moreover, export obligations, ranging from 150 per cent to 250 per cent..or hardware are required.

†2. The action of constraining oneself by oath, promise, or contract to a particular course of action; a mutually binding agreement. Also: the course of action to which one commits oneself; a formal promise. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > obligation or commitment

seala1300

obligationc1325

commitment1789

committal1835

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8042 Þe king..bed him..to him to gloucestre wende And Make him obligacion & ostage him gan sende Þat he ssolde to him come al sauf.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 185 (MED) Seynt Martyn..reconcilede a ȝongelynge to God Almyȝty þat hadde obleged hym self to the devel..and gat aȝen þe chartre of his obligacioun.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 134 He with scrite & oth mad obligacion Þat for leue no loth..Suld werre on him begynne.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. 1978 Who can or may be ful assured heere To make Fortune to be so tretable, To fynde a weie or serche out the maneere Bi obligacioun to finde hir vnmutable?

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 23758 Iustly, this condicioun is worth an obligacioun.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Ciii Of the obligacion made bytwene god and vs.

1594 Reg. St. Andrews 787 To satisfie..conforme to his awin obligatioun.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 30 Aswell to discharge themselues, from their obligation as to giue satisfaction vnto the people.

1879 G. B. Smith Life Gladstone (ed. 2) I. vi. 169 A valid obligation could not be made with the Court of Rome without communication with the Pope himself.

a. Originally Scottish. Moral or legal constraint; the condition of being morally or legally bound; the constraining power of a law, duty, contract, or (more generally) custom, habit, etc. Also (occasionally): an instance of such constraint.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > [noun]

artingc1400

oblige1475

obligationc1485

astrictionc1540

religion1578

obligence1610

engagement1636

responsibility1780

society > law > legal obligation > [noun]

dutyc1385

subjectiona1475

engagement1636

obstriction1671

obligation1887

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 131 Sen a bountee askis ane othir be obligacioun naturale.

a1525 J. Irland Of Penance & Confession in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 38 Thocht the law of natur & God oblis thus a man to fasting..and that obligacoun is in generale.

c1600 W. Fowler tr. N. Machiavelli Prince in Wks. (1936) II. 118 Love is tyed and bond bot with a knott of obligatioun which..weked men will dissunder.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. ii. 91 Bound In filliall obligation for some tearme To doe obsequious sorrowe.

1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 47 There is no Obligation to follow them in their Opinions.

1664 J. Webb Vindic. Stone-Heng (1725) 67 So many other Obligations induce us to grant the being of Porticoes there.

1689 W. Popple tr. J. Locke Let. conc. Toleration 37 Hear O Israel; sufficiently restrains the Obligation of the Law of Moses only to that People.

1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra iv. ii. §54 And Numa appointed an Oath unto the Romans, say Plutarch and Livy, as the chiefest Obligation unto Faith and Truth.

1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. xiii. 47 They took great pains to strengthen the Obligations to Vertue.

1780 E. Burke Speech Bristol previous to Election 16 What obligation lay on me to be popular?

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 172 He had a strong sense of moral and religious obligation.

1887 J. W. Smith Man. Common Law (ed. 10) 523 Every common carrier is under a legal obligation to carry all things..which he publicly professes to carry.

1896 A. J. Hipkins Descr. & Hist. Pianoforte 44 Setting the military bands aside as forming a province ruled by its own law, the French pitch yet remains as appertaining to preference and not obligation.

1937 Rep. U.S. Board Tax Appeals XXXV. 1038 The Trust Company is under no obligation to expend any monies for maintaining, upkeeping and repairing the said mausoleum.

1966 M. Frayn Russian Interpreter (1978) xxvi. 122 If someone entrusts me with something I feel a certain obligation to take care of it.

1980 I. Colegate Shooting Party (1982) 69 The older man, whether or not related by blood, considered it his obligation gently to initiate the younger into the customs of the tribe.

1987 F. Wyndham Other Garden iii. 40 She was equally punctilious about fulfilling the obligations imposed by formal ‘good manners’.

b. An act or course of action to which a person is morally or legally bound; what one is bound to do; a duty, commitment. Now (also): an enforced or burdensome task or charge.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > [noun]

debtc1330

officec1330

obliginga1382

dutyc1385

bondc1449

due?a1475

bounden duty1530

dueness1576

behoof1591

obligement1611

obligationa1616

ought1678

right1752

the mind > will > necessity > [noun] > absolute compulsion or obligation

must1598

obligationa1616

compulsoriness1861

bindingness1874

society > law > legal obligation > [noun] > that which one is legally bound to do

obligationa1616

legality1641

a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) ii. ii. 314 I cannot thinke my Sister in the least Would faile her Obligation.

a1704 T. Brown Oration in Praise Drunkenness in Wks. (1707) I. i. 53 The first linger away their Lives in perpetual Drudgery, in Slavery and Obligations.

1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. iv. 270 Thus died this valorous cavalier, for his Faith and for his Prince, as is the obligation of every gentleman of Honour and Character.

1857 J. Toulmin Smith Parish (new ed.) 64 If he have not fulfilled his obligations in one respect, he cannot rightly claim his prerogatives in the other.

1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire iv. 64 He released the Polish dukes from the obligation of tribute.

1916 F. Von Hügel German Soul 92 How impossible in practice is the maintenance of inherited obligations of any articulable kind.

1970 A. Toffler Future Shock vii. 114 In joining an organization, the individual accepted a set of fixed obligations in return for a specified set of rewards.

1988 L. Dhingra Amritvela xx. 109 Life is just a round of family duties and obligations.

c. of obligation: obligatory; spec. (Roman Catholic Church) day (also holy day, holiday, etc.) of obligation n. a special feast day on which attendance at Mass is obligatory (and which was, in former times, generally taken as a holiday from work).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > [noun] > of obligation

day (also holy day, holiday, etc.) of obligation1834

1719 Evening-office of Church (ed. 2) p. v On any Sunday or Festival of obligation.

1834 K. H. Digby Mores Catholici V. vii. 188 In England, from the introduction of Christianity till the Participate of Pius VIII. it was devoutly observed as a holy day of obligation.

1885 R. F. Littledale in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 93/1 The Mohammedan pilgrimages..consist..of two main classes, which may be distinguished conveniently by Latin theological terms, as those of ‘obligation’ and those of ‘devotion’. There is properly only one Moslem pilgrimage of obligation, that to Mecca.

1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) 564/2 All bishops and priests with cure of souls are bound to say Mass for their people on Sundays and holidays of obligation.

1978 Listener 17 Aug. 201/2 The [Glasgow] Catholic Schools had holidays of obligation throughout the year.

1995 E. Toman Dancing in Limbo i. 33 There were chickens and boiling fowl for holy days of obligation, salmon from the Blackwater and Warrenpoint herrings for Friday abstinence.

†4. A bond by which a person is held captive. Obsolete. rare.The Wycliffite and most subsequent English Bibles have bond.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > restriction of free action > [noun] > that which

fetterOE

shackle?c1225

cagec1300

chainc1374

to cut a large thong of another man's leatherc1380

corda1382

gablea1555

obligation1582

hamper1613

tethera1628

girdlea1630

confiner1654

trammela1657

cramp1719

swathe1864

tie1868

lockstep1963

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restriction or limitation > [noun] > of free action > that which

fetterOE

shackle?c1225

cagec1300

chainc1374

to cut a large thong of another man's leatherc1380

corda1382

gablea1555

obligation1582

manacle1587

hamper1613

tethera1628

girdlea1630

confiner1654

trammela1657

cramp1719

swathe1864

tie1868

1582 Bible (Rheims) Acts viii. 23 I see thou art in the gall of bitternes and the obligation [L. obligatione] of iniquitie.

a. A benefit or service for which gratitude is due; a kindness done or received. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > act of kindness

goodOE

loveOE

estdedea1325

bounty1330

benefice1340

benefit1377

while1382

whileness1382

officec1384

excellencec1385

goodshipa1393

kindnessc1400

benevolencec1425

benignityc1534

obligement1611

obligation1618

friendlinessa1633

benevolenta1639

beneficence1654

amability1655

benefactiona1662

knight-service1675

kindliness1883

humanity1985

1618 Earl of Suffolk in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 51 Which I wyll ever acknowledg to you for a great oblygation.

1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals v. iii Captain, give me your hand; an affront handsomely acknowledged becomes an obligation.

1823 C. Lamb Valentine's Day in Elia 131 When a kindly face greets us, though but passing by,..we should feel it as an obligation.

1987 A. Tutuola Pauper, Brawler & Slanderer ix. 34 But I beg you indeed to do an obligation for me before you take my life!

b. The fact or condition of being indebted to a person for a benefit or service received; a debt of gratitude.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > gratitude > [noun] > debt of gratitude

obligement1611

endearment1628

obligation1632

indebtment1646

indebtedness1647

obligedness1656

fealty1867

on1946

1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 47 She..might not see him, to acknowledge the obligation she owed him.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. viii. x. 231 I have Obligations to you which I can never return.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 87. ⁋9 They return benefits,..because obligation is a pain.

1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. x. 185 You have no right to put her under such an obligation.

1881 J. H. Shorthouse John Inglesant (1882) I. xvii. 305 Inglesant returned a courteous message expressive of his obligation for her extraordinary generosity.

1960 C. Day Lewis Buried Day i. 26 The boy..with so little past of his own to measure by, can seldom feel an obligation to the Past.

1988 A. Lively Blue Fruit 135 But first I had to fulfil this obligation I felt towards you.

†c. Readiness to oblige; kindness, civility. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > [noun] > obligingness or complaisance

humouring1602

complacence1626

obligingness1638

complying1639

compliance1641

complacency1651

complaisance1651

accommodableness1663

obligation1664

complaisancy1710

prevenience1751

compliancy1765

prevenancy1768

prevenance1823

1664 S. Pepys Diary 4 June (1971) V. 171 To make him Civill and to command in words of great obligation to his officers and men.

†6. A binding, fastening, connection, link. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > [noun] > a fastening

fasteningOE

closing1382

festela1400

fastenera1425

fastingc1450

fastnessa1550

seizurea1616

closure1616

obligation1646

agraffe1772

fastenment1836

buckling1861

hitch1881

soul and body lashing1883

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 240 Yet is there one link and common connexion, one generall ligament, and necessary obligation of all whatever unto God.

†7. Legal liability. Cf. oblige v. 6. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal obligation > [noun] > legal liability

liableness1645

obligation1676

liability1794

1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine i. 93 As an imputed sin drew with it the obligation unto punishment.

1758 S. Hayward Seventeen Serm. i. 5 Guilt is an obligation to punishment on account of Sin.

Compounds

attributive and objective, as (in senses 2 and 1) †obligation bond, †obligation-maker, †obligation oath, etc.

ΚΠ

1557 H. Machyn Diary (1848) 151 Master was secondare of the conter by a oblygassyon bond for Thomas Browne.

1651 J. Nicoll Diary (1836) 46 The Lyoun proclameth the obligatioun oath to the pepill.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe Contents sig. l2 These Artificiall Justice-Makers and Obligation-Makers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	obligation
释义	obligationn. Brit. /ˌɒblᵻˈɡeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌɑbləˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English abligacion, Middle English hoblygasyon, Middle English obligacoun, Middle English obligatioun, Middle English oblyacyn (transmission error), Middle English oblygacion, Middle English oblygacyon, Middle English oblygacyun, Middle English olligacioun (transmission error), Middle English–1500s obligacioun, Middle English–1500s obligacyon, Middle English–1600s obligacion, Middle English–1600s obligacon, Middle English– obligation, 1500s obligacione, 1500s oblygassyon, 1500s–1600s oblygation, 1600s obligaton; Scottish pre-1700 obbligacioun, pre-1700 oblegacioun, pre-1700 oblegatyon, pre-1700 oblegaytion, pre-1700 obligacion, pre-1700 obligacione, pre-1700 obligacioune, pre-1700 obligacon, pre-1700 obligacoun, pre-1700 obligacoune, pre-1700 obligacyon, pre-1700 obligacyoun, pre-1700 obligatione, pre-1700 obligatioun, pre-1700 obligatioune, pre-1700 obligatiovn, pre-1700 obligatyowne, pre-1700 oblygacion, pre-1700 oblygacioun, pre-1700 oblygacoun, pre-1700 oblygation, pre-1700 oblygatioun, pre-1700 1700s obligacioun, pre-1700 1700s– obligation. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French obligacion; Latin obligātiōn-, obligātiō. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman obligacion, obligation, obligacioun, obligaciun and Old French, Middle French obligacion, obligation action of pledging (1235 in Old French), legal bond (1283), moral constraint (c1370; French obligation ) and its etymon classical Latin obligātiōn-, obligātiō action of pledging, legal bond, legal liability, in post-classical Latin also a bond, constraint (Vulgate), a binding agreement (5th cent.) < obligāt- , past participial stem of obligāre oblige v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian obbligazione (first half of the 14th cent.; c1300 as obrigagione, obligagione), Spanish obligación (1490), Portuguese obrigação (1347). 1. Law and Finance. A binding agreement committing a person to a payment or other action; the document containing such an agreement; a written contract or bond. Also: the right created or liability incurred by such an agreement, document, or bond; the duty of a borrower to repay a loan. Now chiefly superseded by contract. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal obligation > [noun] > a legal obligation obligationa1325 due1439 society > law > legal obligation > [noun] > a legal obligation > document containing obligationa1325 cowle1688 a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vii. 59 Weþer so hit is contract, oþer couenauns, oþer obligacions, oþer seruise. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xvi. 6 And he seide to him, Taak thin obligacioun [L. cautionem], and sitte Soon, and wryt fyfti. 1431 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 276 ij sufficient plegges, bowndyn wt hem in a symple [v.r. syngyll] obligacion, for to make a trewe delyueraunce of swiche goodys as thei receyue. 1447 Indenture in H. Anstey Munimenta Academica Oxf. (1868) II. 566 (MED) Item, 1 obligacion, in the whyche oon Johan Croxdone was bounde to the sayd Harry in 40 shillings. c1475 tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 185 (MED) A symple promysse or a worde of a marchaunte shall be trusted as moche and taken for as grete suertee as in othre places men-is obligacions. 1538 A. Fitzherbert Newe Bk. Justyces Peas f. 91^v Till he be bounde by obligacion to the kynges use, in such some as..shal be thought resonable. 1567 Guide & Godlie Ballatis 176 With dispensationis and obligationis..He wald dispence for money from hence With thame he never saw. 1615 W. Bedwell Arabian Trudgman in tr. Mohammedis Imposturæ sig. N4^v, at Talby A peece of parchment, not any whit bigger then an ordinary..obligation. 1652 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Peebles (1910) 2 To produce all the tounes registers of obligatiounes. 1711 in H. Paton Rothesay Parish Rec. (1931) 275 The minister..received..an obligation granted by the deceast..Earle of Bute..in favours of the parish of Rothsay. 1786 E. Burke Speech against W. Hastings in Wks. XII. 260 He had made a temporary seizure of the profits..for the re-payment of which he gave his bonds and obligations. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. viii. 668 Security..for the discharge of the obligations which the Company held upon the government of Oude. 1883 Wharton's Law-lexicon (ed. 7) 105/1 A bond is called single when it is without a penalty, and an obligation when it contains a penalty, which is generally double the amount of the principal sum secured. 1946 C. C. Abbott Managem. Federal Debt v. 87 Should a boom or a price inflation develop and conditions call for a restriction of deposits, this policy of relying upon instances of bank credit to take up obligations not wanted by nonbank holders would aggravate the situation. 1988 Times of India 23 Feb. i. 8/6 Moreover, export obligations, ranging from 150 per cent to 250 per cent..or hardware are required. †2. The action of constraining oneself by oath, promise, or contract to a particular course of action; a mutually binding agreement. Also: the course of action to which one commits oneself; a formal promise. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > obligation or commitment seala1300 obligationc1325 commitment1789 committal1835 c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8042 Þe king..bed him..to him to gloucestre wende And Make him obligacion & ostage him gan sende Þat he ssolde to him come al sauf. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 185 (MED) Seynt Martyn..reconcilede a ȝongelynge to God Almyȝty þat hadde obleged hym self to the devel..and gat aȝen þe chartre of his obligacioun. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 134 He with scrite & oth mad obligacion Þat for leue no loth..Suld werre on him begynne. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. 1978 Who can or may be ful assured heere To make Fortune to be so tretable, To fynde a weie or serche out the maneere Bi obligacioun to finde hir vnmutable? a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 23758 Iustly, this condicioun is worth an obligacioun. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Ciii Of the obligacion made bytwene god and vs. 1594 Reg. St. Andrews 787 To satisfie..conforme to his awin obligatioun. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 30 Aswell to discharge themselues, from their obligation as to giue satisfaction vnto the people. 1879 G. B. Smith Life Gladstone (ed. 2) I. vi. 169 A valid obligation could not be made with the Court of Rome without communication with the Pope himself. 3. a. Originally Scottish. Moral or legal constraint; the condition of being morally or legally bound; the constraining power of a law, duty, contract, or (more generally) custom, habit, etc. Also (occasionally): an instance of such constraint. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > [noun] artingc1400 oblige1475 obligationc1485 astrictionc1540 religion1578 obligence1610 engagement1636 responsibility1780 society > law > legal obligation > [noun] dutyc1385 subjectiona1475 engagement1636 obstriction1671 obligation1887 c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 131 Sen a bountee askis ane othir be obligacioun naturale. a1525 J. Irland Of Penance & Confession in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 38 Thocht the law of natur & God oblis thus a man to fasting..and that obligacoun is in generale. c1600 W. Fowler tr. N. Machiavelli Prince in Wks. (1936) II. 118 Love is tyed and bond bot with a knott of obligatioun which..weked men will dissunder. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. ii. 91 Bound In filliall obligation for some tearme To doe obsequious sorrowe. View more context for this quotation 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 47 There is no Obligation to follow them in their Opinions. 1664 J. Webb Vindic. Stone-Heng (1725) 67 So many other Obligations induce us to grant the being of Porticoes there. 1689 W. Popple tr. J. Locke Let. conc. Toleration 37 Hear O Israel; sufficiently restrains the Obligation of the Law of Moses only to that People. 1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra iv. ii. §54 And Numa appointed an Oath unto the Romans, say Plutarch and Livy, as the chiefest Obligation unto Faith and Truth. 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. xiii. 47 They took great pains to strengthen the Obligations to Vertue. 1780 E. Burke Speech Bristol previous to Election 16 What obligation lay on me to be popular? 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 172 He had a strong sense of moral and religious obligation. 1887 J. W. Smith Man. Common Law (ed. 10) 523 Every common carrier is under a legal obligation to carry all things..which he publicly professes to carry. 1896 A. J. Hipkins Descr. & Hist. Pianoforte 44 Setting the military bands aside as forming a province ruled by its own law, the French pitch yet remains as appertaining to preference and not obligation. 1937 Rep. U.S. Board Tax Appeals XXXV. 1038 The Trust Company is under no obligation to expend any monies for maintaining, upkeeping and repairing the said mausoleum. 1966 M. Frayn Russian Interpreter (1978) xxvi. 122 If someone entrusts me with something I feel a certain obligation to take care of it. 1980 I. Colegate Shooting Party (1982) 69 The older man, whether or not related by blood, considered it his obligation gently to initiate the younger into the customs of the tribe. 1987 F. Wyndham Other Garden iii. 40 She was equally punctilious about fulfilling the obligations imposed by formal ‘good manners’. b. An act or course of action to which a person is morally or legally bound; what one is bound to do; a duty, commitment. Now (also): an enforced or burdensome task or charge. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > [noun] debtc1330 officec1330 obliginga1382 dutyc1385 bondc1449 due?a1475 bounden duty1530 dueness1576 behoof1591 obligement1611 obligationa1616 ought1678 right1752 the mind > will > necessity > [noun] > absolute compulsion or obligation must1598 obligationa1616 compulsoriness1861 bindingness1874 society > law > legal obligation > [noun] > that which one is legally bound to do obligationa1616 legality1641 a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) ii. ii. 314 I cannot thinke my Sister in the least Would faile her Obligation. a1704 T. Brown Oration in Praise Drunkenness in Wks. (1707) I. i. 53 The first linger away their Lives in perpetual Drudgery, in Slavery and Obligations. 1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. iv. 270 Thus died this valorous cavalier, for his Faith and for his Prince, as is the obligation of every gentleman of Honour and Character. 1857 J. Toulmin Smith Parish (new ed.) 64 If he have not fulfilled his obligations in one respect, he cannot rightly claim his prerogatives in the other. 1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire iv. 64 He released the Polish dukes from the obligation of tribute. 1916 F. Von Hügel German Soul 92 How impossible in practice is the maintenance of inherited obligations of any articulable kind. 1970 A. Toffler Future Shock vii. 114 In joining an organization, the individual accepted a set of fixed obligations in return for a specified set of rewards. 1988 L. Dhingra Amritvela xx. 109 Life is just a round of family duties and obligations. c. of obligation: obligatory; spec. (Roman Catholic Church) day (also holy day, holiday, etc.) of obligation n. a special feast day on which attendance at Mass is obligatory (and which was, in former times, generally taken as a holiday from work). ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > [noun] > of obligation day (also holy day, holiday, etc.) of obligation1834 1719 Evening-office of Church (ed. 2) p. v On any Sunday or Festival of obligation. 1834 K. H. Digby Mores Catholici V. vii. 188 In England, from the introduction of Christianity till the Participate of Pius VIII. it was devoutly observed as a holy day of obligation. 1885 R. F. Littledale in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 93/1 The Mohammedan pilgrimages..consist..of two main classes, which may be distinguished conveniently by Latin theological terms, as those of ‘obligation’ and those of ‘devotion’. There is properly only one Moslem pilgrimage of obligation, that to Mecca. 1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) 564/2 All bishops and priests with cure of souls are bound to say Mass for their people on Sundays and holidays of obligation. 1978 Listener 17 Aug. 201/2 The [Glasgow] Catholic Schools had holidays of obligation throughout the year. 1995 E. Toman Dancing in Limbo i. 33 There were chickens and boiling fowl for holy days of obligation, salmon from the Blackwater and Warrenpoint herrings for Friday abstinence. †4. A bond by which a person is held captive. Obsolete. rare.The Wycliffite and most subsequent English Bibles have bond. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > restriction of free action > [noun] > that which fetterOE shackle?c1225 cagec1300 chainc1374 to cut a large thong of another man's leatherc1380 corda1382 gablea1555 obligation1582 hamper1613 tethera1628 girdlea1630 confiner1654 trammela1657 cramp1719 swathe1864 tie1868 lockstep1963 society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restriction or limitation > [noun] > of free action > that which fetterOE shackle?c1225 cagec1300 chainc1374 to cut a large thong of another man's leatherc1380 corda1382 gablea1555 obligation1582 manacle1587 hamper1613 tethera1628 girdlea1630 confiner1654 trammela1657 cramp1719 swathe1864 tie1868 1582 Bible (Rheims) Acts viii. 23 I see thou art in the gall of bitternes and the obligation [L. obligatione] of iniquitie. 5. a. A benefit or service for which gratitude is due; a kindness done or received. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > act of kindness goodOE loveOE estdedea1325 bounty1330 benefice1340 benefit1377 while1382 whileness1382 officec1384 excellencec1385 goodshipa1393 kindnessc1400 benevolencec1425 benignityc1534 obligement1611 obligation1618 friendlinessa1633 benevolenta1639 beneficence1654 amability1655 benefactiona1662 knight-service1675 kindliness1883 humanity1985 1618 Earl of Suffolk in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 51 Which I wyll ever acknowledg to you for a great oblygation. 1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals v. iii Captain, give me your hand; an affront handsomely acknowledged becomes an obligation. 1823 C. Lamb Valentine's Day in Elia 131 When a kindly face greets us, though but passing by,..we should feel it as an obligation. 1987 A. Tutuola Pauper, Brawler & Slanderer ix. 34 But I beg you indeed to do an obligation for me before you take my life! b. The fact or condition of being indebted to a person for a benefit or service received; a debt of gratitude. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > gratitude > [noun] > debt of gratitude obligement1611 endearment1628 obligation1632 indebtment1646 indebtedness1647 obligedness1656 fealty1867 on1946 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 47 She..might not see him, to acknowledge the obligation she owed him. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. viii. x. 231 I have Obligations to you which I can never return. View more context for this quotation 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 87. ⁋9 They return benefits,..because obligation is a pain. 1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. x. 185 You have no right to put her under such an obligation. 1881 J. H. Shorthouse John Inglesant (1882) I. xvii. 305 Inglesant returned a courteous message expressive of his obligation for her extraordinary generosity. 1960 C. Day Lewis Buried Day i. 26 The boy..with so little past of his own to measure by, can seldom feel an obligation to the Past. 1988 A. Lively Blue Fruit 135 But first I had to fulfil this obligation I felt towards you. †c. Readiness to oblige; kindness, civility. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > [noun] > obligingness or complaisance humouring1602 complacence1626 obligingness1638 complying1639 compliance1641 complacency1651 complaisance1651 accommodableness1663 obligation1664 complaisancy1710 prevenience1751 compliancy1765 prevenancy1768 prevenance1823 1664 S. Pepys Diary 4 June (1971) V. 171 To make him Civill and to command in words of great obligation to his officers and men. †6. A binding, fastening, connection, link. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > [noun] > a fastening fasteningOE closing1382 festela1400 fastenera1425 fastingc1450 fastnessa1550 seizurea1616 closure1616 obligation1646 agraffe1772 fastenment1836 buckling1861 hitch1881 soul and body lashing1883 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 240 Yet is there one link and common connexion, one generall ligament, and necessary obligation of all whatever unto God. View more context for this quotation †7. Legal liability. Cf. oblige v. 6. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal obligation > [noun] > legal liability liableness1645 obligation1676 liability1794 1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine i. 93 As an imputed sin drew with it the obligation unto punishment. 1758 S. Hayward Seventeen Serm. i. 5 Guilt is an obligation to punishment on account of Sin. Compounds attributive and objective, as (in senses 2 and 1) †obligation bond, †obligation-maker, †obligation oath, etc. ΚΠ 1557 H. Machyn Diary (1848) 151 Master was secondare of the conter by a oblygassyon bond for Thomas Browne. 1651 J. Nicoll Diary (1836) 46 The Lyoun proclameth the obligatioun oath to the pepill. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe Contents sig. l2 These Artificiall Justice-Makers and Obligation-Makers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1325
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