obligatoryadj.

Brit.

/əˈblɪɡət(ə)ri/, U.S.

/əˈblɪɡəˌtɔri/

Forms: Middle English oblygatorye, Middle English–1600s obligatorie, Middle English– obligatory, 1500s obligatiry, 1500s obligatorye.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French obligatorie; Latin obligātōrius.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman obligatorie, Anglo-Norman and Middle French obligatoire, obligatore constituting an obligation (1320 in Old French (St Omer) in lettre obligatoire ), imposing obligation (c1370) and their etymon classical Latin obligātōrius imposing legal obligation (2nd cent. a.d.), in post-classical Latin also constituting an obligation (from 13th cent. in British sources) < obligāt- , past participial stem of obligāre oblige v. + -ōrius -ory suffix². Compare slightly earlier obligator adj.With escript obligatory , writing obligatory (see sense 1), compare post-classical Latin scriptum obligatorium (from 13th cent. in British sources), Anglo-Norman escrit obligatorie . With letter obligatory (see sense 1), compare post-classical Latin littera obligatoria (from 13th cent. in British sources), Anglo-Norman and Old French lettre obligatore (1320; compare obligator adj.). With instrument obligatory (see quot. 1548 at sense 1), compare post-classical Latin instrumentum obligatorium (1301 in a British source). It is unclear whether the following examples show transmission errors for this word, or rather represent an independent formation (compare -ary suffix¹):c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 163 Þe lettre obligarie [sic] þat Kyng Iohn made to þe court of Rome..byndeþ vs, and al þat comen after vs..to þe Pope.1573 W. Stanton Let. to Sir W. Mildmay 29 Mar. in H. Hall Antiq. & Curiosities of Exchequer iv. 99 In the same time I sent W^m Marshall to M^r Taillor withe a byll obligary for x^li to be repayed at the feast of Pentycost next.

1. Creating or constituting an obligation. Chiefly in letter obligatory n. a written contract or bond; also writing (bill, etc.) obligatory. Cf. obligator adj. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal obligation > [adjective] > creating or constituting an obligation

obligator1398

obligatoryc1400

c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 181 (MED) Þe Kyng sent by his lettre to Lewelyn..þat he shulde come to parlement for his londes and for his holdyng in Walys, as þe strengþ of þe lettre obligatorie witnessede.

1430 in H. M. Flasdieck Mittelengl. Originalurkunden (1926) 95 (MED) John Shardelow and Thomas Hoo be bounden by here escript obligatorie to the seid Thomas Chaucer yn x m li. to be paied at the fest of cristemasse next comyng.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. clxii As the strengthe of the letter oblygatorye wytnessyd.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxlvi A sufficient instrument obligatorie..for the..contentacion of thesame money.

1557 in Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Var. Coll. (1907) IV. 223 The said writynges obligatorie wher in they stoude bounden.

1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 108 In all obligatory bargaines and pledges.

1666 J. Davies tr. C. de Rochefort Hist. Caribby-Islands 200 They commonly deliver obligatory acts to their Masters,..by which writings they oblige themselves to serve them..three years.

1691 R. Boyle Will in Wks. (1772) I. 160 Whereas my servant John Warr is indebted unto me in the sum of 50l. by bond or bill obligatory.

1709 J. Johnson Clergy-man's Vade Mecum: Pt. II 284 An obligatory letter to John, bishop of Ravenna.

1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 23/2 I never heard of his putting his seal to obligatory papers, on which money was to be received.

1892 Daily News 30 July 5/3 The Judge decided that the fact that the document was not ‘under seal’, removed it from the legal definition of a ‘writing obligatory’.

1931 A. Beardwood Alien Merchants Eng. 108 He had given him £14 and received a letter obligatory for that amount and for the profits.

1991 R. Goode in P. Cane & J. Stapleton Ess. for Patrick Atiyah 213 (note) Otherwise known as an obligation or writing obligatory.

a. Imposing obligation or morally binding; compulsory and not merely permissive; that must be done or practised.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal obligation > [adjective] > of nature of obligation

obligatory1502

onerous1539

obliging1638

society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > [adjective]

fastOE

faithfula1500

obligatory1502

obligatoriousa1555

astrictivea1575

bounded1586

debt-bound1588

obliged1594

obligative1596

Stygian1608

obligator1609

binding1611

imperative1621

obligant1624

ligatory1625

obliging1638

obstrictive1642

boundant1649

self-binding1685

hard1935

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iii. i. sig. o.iii ^v Also it is a thynge oblygatorye.

a1626 F. Bacon Advt. Holy Warre in Wks. (1861) VII. 24 Whether it be not obligatory to Christian princes.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 6 This his confirmation of King Edward's Laws, was..but a personal act..and no whit obligatory of his posterity.

1661 R. Boyle Some Consider. Style of Script. (1675) 132 Many things enacted in the Old Testament..which are not now..obligatory on us Christians.

1702 L. Echard Gen. Eccl. Hist. Introd. 6 They were not obligatory to other Nations.

1795 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regicide France in Wks. VIII. 185 There are situations..in which, therefore, these duties are obligatory.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 478 The obligatory and containing power of the good is as nothing.

1888 Times (Weekly ed.) 6 Apr. 16/4 A Royal decree..making it obligatory on managers of theatres in Madrid to light those buildings by electricity.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 849/1 If the purchaser farmed the land himself and made satisfactory progress, the period of obligatory residence was reduced to five years.

1957 N. Chomsky Syntactic Struct. v. 45 We define the kernel of the language..as the set of sentences that are produced when we apply obligatory transformations to the terminal strings.

1978 H. Carpenter Inklings (1981) i. 20 Betjeman was sent down from Magdalen after only a few terms for failing the obligatory University examination in Divinity.

1991 Daily Tel. 5 Jan. 12/1 Maintaining an obligatory core in such subjects as English and mathematics, makes far greater sense.

b. Frequently humorous. So customary or fashionable as to be expected of everyone or on every occasion.

ΚΠ

1917 E. Wharton Summer xiii. 192 Fragments of sentences, sonorous quotations, allusions to illustrious men, including the obligatory tribute to Honorius Hatchard.

1957 S. J. Perelman Road to Miltown 241 Someone neglected to add the obligatory hilarious scene of his wife stumbling on the bauble and foaming like a Seidlitz powder.

1988 G. Naylor Mama Day 106 I then sat down and had my obligatory glass of mint tea.

1995 Independent 9 May 19/4 There are always those girls who know that they look fantastic in everything..doing model poses in the mirror saying, ‘Does it make me look fat?’ to their obligatory obese friend.

3. Biology. = obligate adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in relation to habitat > [adjective] > restricted to a particular mode of life or habitat

obligatory1887

1887 Amer. Naturalist 21 6 To indicate graphically the probable phylogenesis of parasitic bacteria, Hüppe has constructed the following table, according to De Bary:..Obligatory anaerobiotic..Obligatory parasites.

1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 513 Obligatory aerobes, which must be supplied with oxygen.

1919 F. O. Bower Bot. Living Plant xxx. 460 On the basis of nutrition Bacteria have been classified into three groups:..(iii) Paratrophic, those which develop normally only within the living tissues of other organisms, and are true, and obligatory parasites, such as the germs of Tubercle or Diphtheria.

1987 Sci. Amer. May 112/1 Experiments demonstrating that the relation between these deep-sea mussels and the vent water is obligatory.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	obligatory
释义	obligatoryadj. Brit. /əˈblɪɡət(ə)ri/, U.S. /əˈblɪɡəˌtɔri/ Forms: Middle English oblygatorye, Middle English–1600s obligatorie, Middle English– obligatory, 1500s obligatiry, 1500s obligatorye. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French obligatorie; Latin obligātōrius. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman obligatorie, Anglo-Norman and Middle French obligatoire, obligatore constituting an obligation (1320 in Old French (St Omer) in lettre obligatoire ), imposing obligation (c1370) and their etymon classical Latin obligātōrius imposing legal obligation (2nd cent. a.d.), in post-classical Latin also constituting an obligation (from 13th cent. in British sources) < obligāt- , past participial stem of obligāre oblige v. + -ōrius -ory suffix². Compare slightly earlier obligator adj.With escript obligatory , writing obligatory (see sense 1), compare post-classical Latin scriptum obligatorium (from 13th cent. in British sources), Anglo-Norman escrit obligatorie . With letter obligatory (see sense 1), compare post-classical Latin littera obligatoria (from 13th cent. in British sources), Anglo-Norman and Old French lettre obligatore (1320; compare obligator adj.). With instrument obligatory (see quot. 1548 at sense 1), compare post-classical Latin instrumentum obligatorium (1301 in a British source). It is unclear whether the following examples show transmission errors for this word, or rather represent an independent formation (compare -ary suffix¹):c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 163 Þe lettre obligarie [sic] þat Kyng Iohn made to þe court of Rome..byndeþ vs, and al þat comen after vs..to þe Pope.1573 W. Stanton Let. to Sir W. Mildmay 29 Mar. in H. Hall Antiq. & Curiosities of Exchequer iv. 99 In the same time I sent W^m Marshall to M^r Taillor withe a byll obligary for x^li to be repayed at the feast of Pentycost next. 1. Creating or constituting an obligation. Chiefly in letter obligatory n. a written contract or bond; also writing (bill, etc.) obligatory. Cf. obligator adj. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal obligation > [adjective] > creating or constituting an obligation obligator1398 obligatoryc1400 c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 181 (MED) Þe Kyng sent by his lettre to Lewelyn..þat he shulde come to parlement for his londes and for his holdyng in Walys, as þe strengþ of þe lettre obligatorie witnessede. 1430 in H. M. Flasdieck Mittelengl. Originalurkunden (1926) 95 (MED) John Shardelow and Thomas Hoo be bounden by here escript obligatorie to the seid Thomas Chaucer yn x m li. to be paied at the fest of cristemasse next comyng. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. clxii As the strengthe of the letter oblygatorye wytnessyd. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxlvi A sufficient instrument obligatorie..for the..contentacion of thesame money. 1557 in Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Var. Coll. (1907) IV. 223 The said writynges obligatorie wher in they stoude bounden. 1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 108 In all obligatory bargaines and pledges. 1666 J. Davies tr. C. de Rochefort Hist. Caribby-Islands 200 They commonly deliver obligatory acts to their Masters,..by which writings they oblige themselves to serve them..three years. 1691 R. Boyle Will in Wks. (1772) I. 160 Whereas my servant John Warr is indebted unto me in the sum of 50l. by bond or bill obligatory. 1709 J. Johnson Clergy-man's Vade Mecum: Pt. II 284 An obligatory letter to John, bishop of Ravenna. 1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 23/2 I never heard of his putting his seal to obligatory papers, on which money was to be received. 1892 Daily News 30 July 5/3 The Judge decided that the fact that the document was not ‘under seal’, removed it from the legal definition of a ‘writing obligatory’. 1931 A. Beardwood Alien Merchants Eng. 108 He had given him £14 and received a letter obligatory for that amount and for the profits. 1991 R. Goode in P. Cane & J. Stapleton Ess. for Patrick Atiyah 213 (note) Otherwise known as an obligation or writing obligatory. 2. a. Imposing obligation or morally binding; compulsory and not merely permissive; that must be done or practised. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal obligation > [adjective] > of nature of obligation obligatory1502 onerous1539 obliging1638 society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > [adjective] fastOE faithfula1500 obligatory1502 obligatoriousa1555 astrictivea1575 bounded1586 debt-bound1588 obliged1594 obligative1596 Stygian1608 obligator1609 binding1611 imperative1621 obligant1624 ligatory1625 obliging1638 obstrictive1642 boundant1649 self-binding1685 hard1935 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iii. i. sig. o.iii ^v Also it is a thynge oblygatorye. a1626 F. Bacon Advt. Holy Warre in Wks. (1861) VII. 24 Whether it be not obligatory to Christian princes. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 6 This his confirmation of King Edward's Laws, was..but a personal act..and no whit obligatory of his posterity. 1661 R. Boyle Some Consider. Style of Script. (1675) 132 Many things enacted in the Old Testament..which are not now..obligatory on us Christians. 1702 L. Echard Gen. Eccl. Hist. Introd. 6 They were not obligatory to other Nations. 1795 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regicide France in Wks. VIII. 185 There are situations..in which, therefore, these duties are obligatory. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 478 The obligatory and containing power of the good is as nothing. 1888 Times (Weekly ed.) 6 Apr. 16/4 A Royal decree..making it obligatory on managers of theatres in Madrid to light those buildings by electricity. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 849/1 If the purchaser farmed the land himself and made satisfactory progress, the period of obligatory residence was reduced to five years. 1957 N. Chomsky Syntactic Struct. v. 45 We define the kernel of the language..as the set of sentences that are produced when we apply obligatory transformations to the terminal strings. 1978 H. Carpenter Inklings (1981) i. 20 Betjeman was sent down from Magdalen after only a few terms for failing the obligatory University examination in Divinity. 1991 Daily Tel. 5 Jan. 12/1 Maintaining an obligatory core in such subjects as English and mathematics, makes far greater sense. b. Frequently humorous. So customary or fashionable as to be expected of everyone or on every occasion. ΚΠ 1917 E. Wharton Summer xiii. 192 Fragments of sentences, sonorous quotations, allusions to illustrious men, including the obligatory tribute to Honorius Hatchard. 1957 S. J. Perelman Road to Miltown 241 Someone neglected to add the obligatory hilarious scene of his wife stumbling on the bauble and foaming like a Seidlitz powder. 1988 G. Naylor Mama Day 106 I then sat down and had my obligatory glass of mint tea. 1995 Independent 9 May 19/4 There are always those girls who know that they look fantastic in everything..doing model poses in the mirror saying, ‘Does it make me look fat?’ to their obligatory obese friend. 3. Biology. = obligate adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in relation to habitat > [adjective] > restricted to a particular mode of life or habitat obligatory1887 1887 Amer. Naturalist 21 6 To indicate graphically the probable phylogenesis of parasitic bacteria, Hüppe has constructed the following table, according to De Bary:..Obligatory anaerobiotic..Obligatory parasites. 1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 513 Obligatory aerobes, which must be supplied with oxygen. 1919 F. O. Bower Bot. Living Plant xxx. 460 On the basis of nutrition Bacteria have been classified into three groups:..(iii) Paratrophic, those which develop normally only within the living tissues of other organisms, and are true, and obligatory parasites, such as the germs of Tubercle or Diphtheria. 1987 Sci. Amer. May 112/1 Experiments demonstrating that the relation between these deep-sea mussels and the vent water is obligatory. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.c1400
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