occupationn.

Brit.

/ˌɒkjᵿˈpeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English occupacioun, Middle English occupacioune, Middle English occupacoun, Middle English occupacyone, Middle English occupacyoun, Middle English occupasion, Middle English ocupacion, Middle English ocupacioun, Middle English ocupacyon, Middle English ocupacyone, Middle English ocupacyoun, Middle English ocupasioun, Middle English ocupasyon, Middle English okupasyon, Middle English–1600s occupacion, Middle English–1600s occupacyon, Middle English– occupation, 1500s ockapasyon, 1500s ockupacion, 1500s ocupation, 1600s occupacon; Scottish pre-1700 occupacion, pre-1700 occupacione, pre-1700 occupacioun, pre-1700 occupacioune, pre-1700 occupatione, pre-1700 occupatioun, pre-1700 occupatioune, pre-1700 ocupation, pre-1700 ocupatione, pre-1700 1700s– occupation.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French occupacion, occupation.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman occupacion, occupacioun, occupaciun, ocupacioun and Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French occupation activity, employment (c1175), the action of taking possession (late 13th cent.), actual possession (1372), rhetorical figure in which the objections of an opponent are anticipated and defeated (1636) < classical Latin occupātiōn- , occupātiō seizing, taking possession, preoccupation, employment, in post-classical Latin also the rhetorical figure of anticipation (4th cent.), land occupied by a tenant, holding (from 1086 in British sources), tenancy (from 1335 in British sources) < occupāt- , past participial stem of occupāre occupy v. + -iō -ion suffix¹.With sense 8 compare occupatio n. With occupation army (see Compounds 1a) compare army of occupation n. at army n. Phrases 1 and French armée d'occupation (1835).

I. Senses relating to space.

a. The action of taking or maintaining possession or control of a country, building, land, etc., esp. by (military) force; an instance of this; the period of such action; (also) the state of being subject to such action.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > [noun]

takingc1230

occupationa1325

prehension1880

society > armed hostility > victory > [noun] > occupation

occupationa1325

the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > [noun] > of land

occupationa1325

society > armed hostility > victory > [noun] > occupation > specific

army of occupation1815

occupation1940

AMGOT1943

a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xxi. 80 Of purprestures ant of occupaciouns, anie imade ope þe lord kinge.

1442 in W. Fraser Stirlings of Keir (1858) 216 To compere befor..the Kyng and his consale..for the wrangwyse occupacioun of the said landis.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 277 The wrangwis occupacioun of realmes be vnrychtwis title.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Occupation as deprehension, Catalepsis.

1624 F. Bacon Considerations War with Spain I speak not of matches or unions; but of arms, occupations, invasions.

1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. i. 249 b Occupation..signifieth a putting out of a mans Freehold in time of warre, and it is all one with a disseisin in time of peace.

1740 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature III. ii. 125 A man entirely acquires the property of any object by occupation.

1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (1830) II. xxv. 393 Occupation, that is, hiving or including them, gives the property in bees.

1842 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. X. lxxvii. 980 Maintaining the army of occupation.

1893 H. D. Traill Social Eng. Introd. 48 Its inhabitants must have possessed the art of working in metals before the Roman occupation.

1920 Amer. Woman Aug. 8/1 Our American boys in the Army of Occupation want permission to marry German girls!

1940 A. Huxley Let. 7 July (1969) 455 Jehanne was out of Paris during the occupation.

1957 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 Dec. 783/3 The particular man whose life has been conditioned by the hot North African sun and the cold chill of the Occupation.

1972 Guardian 9 Sept. 12/4 The programme is..divided into three parts... There is life under the occupation..as drawn from experience in occupied Europe.

1977 E. Heath Trav. i. 11 The next time I saw Düsseldorf was in 1945 during the occupation of Germany after the end of the Second World War.

b. The action of occupying a work place, public building, etc., as a form of protest. Cf. sit-in n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > militancy > [noun] > demonstration > types of demonstration or protest

counterprotest1595

student demonstration1856

lie-in1867

rent strike1881

hunger strike1889

march1908

protest march1914

occupation1920

lie-down1936

sit-down1936

sit-in1936

freedom march1947

vigil1956

freedom walk1957

swim-in1960

freedom ride1961

sitting in1961

sleep-out1961

fish-in1964

live-in1964

stall-in1964

sleep-in1965

Long March1967

love-in1967

talk-in1967

write-in1967

die-in1970

dirty protest1979

blanket protest1982

1920 Times 4 Sept. 7/5 Yesterday's news..recorded principally the further occupation of establishments [sc. factories] by the men.

1968 A. H. Barton in Publ. Opinion Q. 32 334 A student rally..culminated in the occupation of Hamilton Hall by groups of protestors.

1995 Independent 15 May 3/6 The occupation of Camden High Street is part of a wider campaign against the car culture.

a. The action or condition of residing in or holding a place or position; actual possession; tenure; occupancy; a period of occupancy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > [noun] > occupancy

occupying1425

occupation1433

occupancy1629

occupance1814

1433 Rolls of Parl. IV. 432/1 Hit lyked youre highnes..to charge me with occupation of the Office of the Tresorier of England.

1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 172/2 Every persone havyng possession or occupation in eny of the premisses.

c1475 Reg. Crabhouse Nunnery in Norfolk Archaeol. (1892) 11 59 The viij yere of the ocupacion of the same Jone, Prioresse.

1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. i^v Suche thynges as a man may..haue a manuell occupacyon, possessyon, or receyte.

1536–7 in Sc. Hist. Rev. 7 358 The saidis landis of Drigrange be continuall vse and occupatioun thairof ar becumin to..infertilitie and vnplentwisnes.

1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 196 If to such a corporal occupation, as this, wee add also, that they excluded others from the Sea.

1705 Boston News-let. 23 Sept. 2/2 (advt.) A House and Land in the High Fore-Street at the Sign of the Buck, in the South-End of Boston, now in the Occupation of Mr. Jacob Melyen, to be sold.

1791 W. Jessop Rep. River Witham 12 A Swivel-bridge over the Witham for the occupation of the common.

1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. App. AA. 621 Owners of lands then in monastic occupation.

1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 160 The Irish peasant..has..confounded the occupation with the ownership of the land.

1895 Westm. Gaz. 15 Jan. 4/3 No sufficient allowance was made for tenant's improvements, nor for his occupation interest in his holding.

1915 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Island x. 98 All the people who came here to rent the house wanted to know if they couldn't take the name off the gate during their occupation of it.

1987 J. Diski Rainforest i. 10 There are small signs of occupation: the breakfast things are neatly stacked in the sink, the pillows on the bed dented.

1993 Dog World Nov. 44/2 In the Igloolik area, dogs were present throughout the pre-dorset occupations and may have been used as hunting aids.

b. A piece of land occupied by a tenant; a holding. Cf. occupying n. 2b. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > a legal holding > [noun]

hold1303

tenementsa1325

tenementc1330

occupying1431

tenure1439

landholdinga1475

living1581

holding1640

occupation1792

1792 A. Young Trav. France 411 These small occupations are a real loss of labour;..people are fed upon them, whose time is worth little or nothing.

1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon iv. 108 The occupations fluctuate between 30l. and 120l. per annum.

1879 T. H. S. Escott England I. 59 Held by tenantry whose occupations range from 100 to 500 acres each.

1908 Daily Chron. 21 Oct. 5/5 On one farm of 190 acres the tenant had employed a man and a boy, but on that land now there were nine occupations, with three families residing in houses.

3. The action of filling or taking up space.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > [noun]

occupation1816

occupancy1833

1816 J. Austen Emma I. x. 186 Stooping down in complete occupation of the footpath.

1865 J. Grote Exploratio Philosophica Pt. I i. 166 I suppose co-existence in space means proximity, side-by-sideness—equally exclusive of occupation of the same space or of a remote one.

1905 N.E.D. at Penetration Used for a supposed or conceived occupation of the same space by two bodies at the same time.

1988 R. S. Woolhouse Empiricists (BNC) We need to know the causes of those parts which all material things have in common, for example occupation of space, solidity, shape, and movement.

II. Senses relating to time.

a. The state of having one's time or attention occupied; what a person is engaged in; employment, business; work, toil. †to have in occupation: to be occupied or busied with (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or engage (a person) [verb (transitive)] > engage in or busy oneself about

fanda1375

entermetea1393

deala1400

makea1400

apply?c1400

to have in occupation?1523

lie1546

entreat1590

to consist in1606

tirea1616

stickle1647

to be in the business of1873

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. xl. 1 Gret ocupacioun [L. Occupatio] is shapen to alle men and a greuous ȝoc vp on þe sones of adam.

c1425 Treat. Ten Commandments in Stud. Philol. (1910) 6 22 Ȝe glotonus & wastures of mannes sustinans..I wol rewarde ȝow in tyme to comynge for ȝowre ocupacion.

a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 281 (MED) Som man, for lak of occupacioun, Museþ forþer þanne his wyt may strecche.

a1500 Treat. Ghostly Battle in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 422 (MED) Brydelle hym with scharpe abstynence, bothe with fastyng and wakyng and with honest occupacion doyng.

?1510 T. More tr. G. Pico della Mirandola in tr. G. F. Pico della Mirandola Lyfe I. Picus sig. d.iii Vse them both aswell study as worldly occupation.

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xiiii It is nat conuenyent to haue hay and corne bothe in occupacion at one tyme.

1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet D ij b Though he bee but a cobler by occupation.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 160 No vse of Mettall, Corne, or Wine, or Oyle: No occupation, all men idle.

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xiii. 394 Minds, long exercised in business..in the loss of power..principally regret the want of occupation.

a1855 J. Eagles Sketcher (1856) xv. 347 By the intense occupation of his mind.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. vii. 78 Harold and Swend..by their invasion..gave him full occupation throughout the year.

1908 E. M. Forster Room with View viii. 140 He felt, as all who have regular occupation must feel, that others should have it also.

1989 Independent (Electronic ed.) (BNC) 5 Oct. Not only was there physical weakness but also intense loneliness and sometimes mental anguish due to lack of occupation in the ‘workhouse’ and the chronic sick wards.

b. A particular action or course of action in which a person is engaged, esp. habitually; a particular job or profession; a particular pursuit or activity.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > [noun]

mister?c1225

studyc1350

occupation?1387

businessc1405

entermise1490

occupying1548

banking1660

improvement1670

the mind > possession > [noun] > possession of a position or condition

occupation?1387

tenancy1598

tenure1616

occupancy1629

society > occupation and work > [noun] > a particular

occupation?1387

business1724

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun]

busyingeOE

busyOE

busyship?c1225

busyhead1340

occupation?1387

occupyinga1400

businessc1405

vacationc1450

employing1459

employment1542

entertainment1551

activity1570

trade1591

negotiation1628

engagement1661

employ1675

busyness1809

occupancy1826

carry-on1917

society > law > legal possession > [noun] > occupation as constituting title

occupation?1387

occupancy1629

occupance1814

?1387 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Corpus Cambr.) (1967) 73 (MED) Why..putteþ men here sones raþere to lawe syuyle and to þe kyngis court to writen lettres or writis þan to philosophie oþer deuinite, but for þey hopen þat þyse ocupacions shul be euere menis to make hem grete in þe world.

c1390 G. Chaucer Melibeus 2781 He that..casteth hym to no bisynesse ne occupacion.

1428 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 180 (MED) Euery man þat had or schuld haffe prentice or lowez in our ocupasioun schuld schew and bring þe sayd apprentice to þe maisters.

?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 7 Thenke not on none other worldly ocupaciones.

1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 388 Doynge hur office and occupacion.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 282 (MED) I gadre wode here in þe forest, þat I sell; and if I go abowte þis erunde, I most thenne leve myne owne ocupacion.

1513 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 10 The craft or occupation of brewers.

?1577 G. Buchanan Let. in Vernac. Writings (1892) 58 As to my occupation at thys present tyme, I am besy with our story of Scotland.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 362 Farewell, Othello's Occupation's gone.

1675 Earl of Galloway's Family Papers 7 Apr. Acording to ther severall ocupationes.

1761 G. G. Beekman Let. 12 Dec. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 397 If you had a Discribed the man and his Occupation It might have been a means Of finding him Out.

1797 E. Burke Three Mem. French Affairs 74 Condorcet..is a man of another sort of birth, fashion, and occupation from Brissot.

1868 J. Ruskin First Notes Princ. Employm. for Destitute & Criminal Classes 3 The character of men depends more on their occupations than on any teaching we can give them.

1921 J. Galsworthy To Let 295 She had no aptitude for painting, writing, music, in his view the legitimate occupations of unmarried women, if they must do something in these days.

1955 G. Gorer Exploring Eng. Char. iii. 35 A professional skill puts its possessor nearly automatically in the middle class, an occupation based on physical prowess or strength places the worker in the working class.

1987 Observer 20 Sept. 54/3 The chief occupation of a lot of women married to very rich film stars is shopping: because it's a way to spend the day.

†c. spec. Mechanical or mercantile employment; trade; (also) a skilled handicraft. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > [noun] > regular occupation, trade, or profession > trade or industry

merchandrisec1480

industrya1500

trade1525

occupation?1529

graft1896

?1529 Proper Dyaloge Gentillman & Husbandman sig. A v^v Artificeres and men of occupacion.

1576 A. Fleming tr. G. Macropedius in Panoplie Epist. 364 Take awaye learning from among men, and how shall trades mechanical, occupations (I meane) be maintained?

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. vi. 101 You, that stood so much Vpon the voyce of occupation, and The breath of Garlicke-eaters.

†5. Use, employment (of a thing). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [noun]

bihofthc1175

use?c1225

usinga1340

notingc1400

usage?c1400

occupationa1425

employment1437

employing1459

usancec1475

occupying1535

trade1552

wear1571

usury1607

adoperation1608

use-making1608

improvement1620

employ1677

exploiting1842

utilization1847

nuse1848

utilizing1864

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) 2 Macc. iv. 14 In ocupaciouns [L. exercitiis] of a disch, ether pleying with a ledun disch.

1475 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 164 (MED) The said Johane shall have thoccupacion of þe Sawter above rehersed during her liff.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxx. f. clxxxxvii^v Churches and Temples they tourned to vse of stables And other vyle occupacyons.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Occupation or vse, vsus.

1582 in Reg. Guild Corpus Christi York (1872) 233 (note) My wyfe..shall have the occupacion of the said silver spoones duringe hir lyfe.

1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. viii. 140 Renders the whole floor firm enough for all common occupation.

1789 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. xvi. p. ccxlviii The exercise of any such act..may be termed wrongful using or occupation.

†6. The exercising (of any business or office); exercise, discharge. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > practice, exercise, or doing > [noun]

workingOE

hauntinga1325

exercise1393

occupation1432

exercite1485

practicec1487

function1576

exercitation1579

extent1594

gestion1599

prosecution1605

carrying1711

1432 in Paston Lett. (1904) II. 35 Excercise and occupacion of the Kinges service.

1459 Rolls of Parl. V. 367/2 To recovere the seid penaltees for eny occupation of their seid Office for the premisses.

1483 in T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 336 Yn occupacyon of the said crafte.

1505 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 105 For the haldin of it [sc. the causeway] clene..thai haif namit..Thomas Glendunwyne..and discharges the pynouris that had the occupatioun thairof of before.

†7. The action of filling or taking up time. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > spending time > [noun]

occupationa1475

entertainment1551

temporicide1851

a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 6 Ȝe may make oure quinte essence wiþoute cost or traueile, and withoute occupacioun and lesynge of tyme.

†III. Other uses.

8. Rhetoric. = preterition n. 1. Cf. occupatio n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > emphasis by pretending to omit

occupatio1550

occupation1550

paralipsis1550

passenger1589

preteritiona1602

apophasis1656

reticence1686

pretermission1728

1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Dvi Occupatia, occupacion is, when we make as though we do not knowe, or wyl not know of y^e thyng y^t wee speke of most of al.

1586 J. Melvill in Calderwood IV. 506 [He] easilie may perceave this to be a wicked calumnie, cast in a manner of occupatioun, to make the ministrie..odious to his majestie.

Compounds

C1. attributive.

a. In the sense ‘of or relating to military occupation’.

occupation army n.

ΚΠ

1841 F. Jones tr. K. W. R. Rotteck Hist. World IV. 264 The intention..of appeasing the great foreign powers by suppressing all movements and forces allied to the revolutionary ideas, and of liberating France sooner from the occupation-army, might also contribute to this.

1918 E. S. Farrow Dict. Mil. Terms 414 Occupation Army, an army that remains in possession of a newly conquered country, retaining it as a kind of hostage, until peace is signed and the war indemnity paid.

1990 G. Will Suddenly II. xxv. 100 A regime facing the prospect of urban riots of desperation, has nothing to contribute to the discussion of Germany, save a timetable for removing its occupation army.

occupation force n.

ΚΠ

1880 T. Martin Life Prince Consort V. xcvii. 6 France..which had an army of sixty thousand men still in Lombardy, and an occupation force of five thousand in Rome.

1947 Times 10 May 3/5 He refers further to the ‘Greek Monarcho-Fascist forces’ who collaborated with the occupation forces.

1989 N. Miller Soviet Relat. Lat. Amer. (BNC) 35 The nationalist leader Sandino of Nicaragua..fought against a US occupation force from 1927 to 1934.

occupation troops n.

ΚΠ

1945 New Yorker 20 Jan. 27 I hope we don't get stuck here as occupation troops.

1975 R. L. Duncan Dragons at Gate (1976) iv. 32 On the day of the surrender, before the Occupation troops could arrive, Takaeshi..set out into Tokyo Bay, and blew himself up.

b. In the sense ‘of or relating to the human occupation discovered on an archaeological site’.

occupation floor n.

ΚΠ

1933 Man 33 32 Fluviatile and sub-aerial loams..were deposited which sealed-in occupation-floors of the Aurignacian epoch containing flint implements and pottery fragments.

1986 R. B. Morrison & C. R. Wilson Native Peoples iii. 52 A stratified sequence of occupation floors containing pebble and flake tools associated with hearths.

occupation layer n.

ΚΠ

1932 Man 32 25/2 Superimposed upon an ‘Upper Kenya Aurignacian’ occupation-layer in Gambles cave is an industry of obsidian blades worked on both faces.

2001 Oxoniensia 65 433 A total of nine samples from medieval floor layers, pits and occupation layers were floated onto a 0.25 mm. mesh to recover charred plant remains.

occupation level n.

ΚΠ

1917 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 47 368 The valley was excavated in two stages, the first after the deposition of the glacial Chalky Boulder Clay, and the second at a time later than the formation of the occupation-levels, hereafter to be described.

1991 P. James et al. Cent. of Darkness (1992) ii. 30 Einar Gjerstad..had excavated a series of burials and occupation levels under the Forum.

occupation-scatter n.

ΚΠ

1954 S. Piggott Neolithic Cultures Brit. Isles ix. 271 The occupation-scatter of small sherds and flints.

1984 G. L. Isaac in R. B. Lee & I. De Vore Man the Hunter xxvi. 259 The excavation is a sample of a total area of a diffuse occupation scatter estimated to be nearly 100 times larger.

occupation site n.

ΚΠ

1938 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 68 31 It recalls the Clactonian occupation-site upon the burned bank of the main Swanscombe channel discovered by Leakey in Rickson's pit in 1934.

1992 Maxwell 19 3/1 Later, a nearby Navajo hogan occupation site from the 1700s will be visited.

C2.

occupation bridge n. a bridge for the use of the occupiers of land, as one connecting parts of a farm, etc., separated by a canal or railway.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > bridge > bridge for use of occupiers

occupation bridge1837

1837 J. Bennett in N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades 207 The occupation bridge, at Rotterdam,..consists of two separate segments.

1878 F. S. Williams Midland Railway (ed. 4) 509 Soon after..we come to an occupation bridge.

1983 E. Course Itchen Navigation 14 In Clarke's report of 1863, he records a wooden occupation bridge, which not only gave access to the meadows, but also served to transfer the towpath to the east side.

1992 W. B. Herbert Railway Ghosts & Phantoms (BNC) 151 Bridge 173 was an agricultural occupation bridge spanning a deep railway cutting and was used by the local farmer to give access to both big lineside fields.

occupation centre n. an establishment where occupational therapy is practised or where people with mental disabilities are trained or employed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > occupational therapy centre

occupational centre1923

occupation centre1940

1940 W. M. Frazer & C. O. Stallybrass Text-bk. Public Health (ed. 10) xix. 440 If the home conditions are good and the defective's condition is suitable he may attend at an occupation centre where simple occupational training can be given.

1969 M. B. Brown & S. Payne Introd. to Social Admin. in Brit. ix. 152 Occupation centres can provide an admirable service for the severely disabled.

occupation disease n. rare = occupational disease n. at occupational adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > environmental disorders > [noun] > occupational

industrial disease1854

occupation disease1900

occupational disease1901

1900 W. A. N. Dorland Amer. Illustr. Med. Dict. 209/1 Occupation-disease.

1901 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Aug. 405/1 (heading) The medical profession and the control of occupation diseases.

1930 F. B. Young Jim Redlake iii. iii. 326 Overcrowding, short commons, adulterated food, occupation diseases—they're all just words in a newspaper.

1987 Jrnl. Family Pract. 14 827 (title) Malignant mesothelioma: an occupation disease.

† occupation franchise n. Obsolete the right to vote at a parliamentary election as a tenant or occupier.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > right to vote at elections > [noun] > one of principles on which right based > specific

pot-walling1455

property qualification1794

pot-wobbling1796

household suffrage1819

fancy franchise1859

occupation franchise1862

lodger-franchise1867

1862–3 T. E. May Constit. Hist. Eng. 361 The 50l. occupation franchise in counties, was reduced to a 10l. bonâ fide holding.

1884 W. E. Gladstone Speech 28 Feb. There were four occupation franchises in boroughs. One of them was 10l. clear yearly value, and the other three were the lodger, the household, and the service franchise.

occupation neurosis n. [after German Beschäftigungs-neurose (see quot. 1888)] Medicine (now historical) a disorder of nerves or muscles caused by or related to the patient's occupation; spec. muscle spasm or cramp associated with a repetitive manual activity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [noun] > spasm or cramp > type of spasm > occupational

occupation neurosis1888

1888 W. R. Gowers Man. Dis. Nerv. Syst. II. v. 656 The term ‘occupation neuroses’, adopted from the German (‘Beschaftigungs-neurosen’), is a convenient designation for a group of maladies in which certain symptoms are excited by the attempt to perform some often-repeated muscular action, commonly one that is involved in the occupation of the sufferer... The most frequent symptom is spasm.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 7 ‘Occupation neuroses’ such as painter's colic or mercurial tremor.

1911 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 38 107 An occupation neurosis is literally a fatigue cramp, and is characterized by spasms of muscles concerned in special movements, and brought on whenever these special movements, such as writing, are attempted.

1989 Austral. Family Physician 18 1005/2 Paul reviewed the theories of etiology of the Occupation Neuroses.

occupation number n. Physics the number of particles in a system that are in any given energy level or quantum state.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > wave mechanics > [noun] > number of particles

occupation number1949

1949 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 199 363 The investigation..seems to show conclusively that the orthodox expression for the occupation number N_r is not universally valid and that the true distribution law is more complicated.

1974 G. Reece tr. F. Hund Hist. Quantum Theory xiii. 180 Jordan was thus entitled to express his hope of a quantum wave theory of matter in which the numbers of particles would be the occupation numbers N_r of the discrete quantum wave states.

1997 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 355 2389 The number of ‘excitations’ is a constant (the number of photons plus the occupation number of the upper state cannot change..).

occupation road n. a private road for the use of the occupiers of certain land.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > for access to land

occupation road1799

accommodation road1823

1799 Swillington Inclosure Award 7 I do order award and direct that the said public carriage roads..and occupation roads so set out and awarded by me..shall..be considered as to the repairs..as public highways.

1832 Acts 2 & 3 Will. IV c. 64 Sched O. 45 The gate..opens into an occupation road leading to Penrallt.

1895 Carlisle Patriot 18 Oct. 7/3 There was an occupation road through a field of his father's, and other people besides the defendant had a right of way over it.

1992 W. G. Hoskins Making of Eng. Landscape (rev. ed.) (BNC) 166 Solitary farmsteads sparingly dotted about and reached by occupation roads running off the public roads.

Derivatives

† occupationer n. Obsolete a person engaged in an occupation.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > [noun] > one following specific occupation

occupier1450

occupationer1593

exercent1720

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 190 Let the braue enginer,..maruelous Vulcanist, and euery Mercuriall occupationer..be respected.

occuˈpationist n. an advocate of military occupation.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > war > war as profession or skill > [noun] > policies and theories > person(s)

Wellingtonian1815

invasionist1853

compulsionist1886

occupationist1892

Zeppelinite1909

navalist1911

westerner1916

retreatista1925

nuclearist1952

Lawrentian1957

1892 Glasgow Herald 12 Feb. 6/3 No more a permanent occupationist [of Egypt] now than he was an immediate evacuationist some years ago.

1995 Pacific Affairs 68 117 The irony is that it was precisely the Occupationists' and modernization theorists' image of ‘America's Japan’ that became internalized and displayed as ‘Japan's Japan’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	occupation
释义	occupationn. Brit. /ˌɒkjᵿˈpeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English occupacioun, Middle English occupacioune, Middle English occupacoun, Middle English occupacyone, Middle English occupacyoun, Middle English occupasion, Middle English ocupacion, Middle English ocupacioun, Middle English ocupacyon, Middle English ocupacyone, Middle English ocupacyoun, Middle English ocupasioun, Middle English ocupasyon, Middle English okupasyon, Middle English–1600s occupacion, Middle English–1600s occupacyon, Middle English– occupation, 1500s ockapasyon, 1500s ockupacion, 1500s ocupation, 1600s occupacon; Scottish pre-1700 occupacion, pre-1700 occupacione, pre-1700 occupacioun, pre-1700 occupacioune, pre-1700 occupatione, pre-1700 occupatioun, pre-1700 occupatioune, pre-1700 ocupation, pre-1700 ocupatione, pre-1700 1700s– occupation. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French occupacion, occupation. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman occupacion, occupacioun, occupaciun, ocupacioun and Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French occupation activity, employment (c1175), the action of taking possession (late 13th cent.), actual possession (1372), rhetorical figure in which the objections of an opponent are anticipated and defeated (1636) < classical Latin occupātiōn- , occupātiō seizing, taking possession, preoccupation, employment, in post-classical Latin also the rhetorical figure of anticipation (4th cent.), land occupied by a tenant, holding (from 1086 in British sources), tenancy (from 1335 in British sources) < occupāt- , past participial stem of occupāre occupy v. + -iō -ion suffix¹.With sense 8 compare occupatio n. With occupation army (see Compounds 1a) compare army of occupation n. at army n. Phrases 1 and French armée d'occupation (1835). I. Senses relating to space. 1. a. The action of taking or maintaining possession or control of a country, building, land, etc., esp. by (military) force; an instance of this; the period of such action; (also) the state of being subject to such action. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > [noun] takingc1230 occupationa1325 prehension1880 society > armed hostility > victory > [noun] > occupation occupationa1325 the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > [noun] > of land occupationa1325 society > armed hostility > victory > [noun] > occupation > specific army of occupation1815 occupation1940 AMGOT1943 a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xxi. 80 Of purprestures ant of occupaciouns, anie imade ope þe lord kinge. 1442 in W. Fraser Stirlings of Keir (1858) 216 To compere befor..the Kyng and his consale..for the wrangwyse occupacioun of the said landis. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 277 The wrangwis occupacioun of realmes be vnrychtwis title. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Occupation as deprehension, Catalepsis. 1624 F. Bacon Considerations War with Spain I speak not of matches or unions; but of arms, occupations, invasions. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. i. 249 b Occupation..signifieth a putting out of a mans Freehold in time of warre, and it is all one with a disseisin in time of peace. 1740 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature III. ii. 125 A man entirely acquires the property of any object by occupation. 1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (1830) II. xxv. 393 Occupation, that is, hiving or including them, gives the property in bees. 1842 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. X. lxxvii. 980 Maintaining the army of occupation. 1893 H. D. Traill Social Eng. Introd. 48 Its inhabitants must have possessed the art of working in metals before the Roman occupation. 1920 Amer. Woman Aug. 8/1 Our American boys in the Army of Occupation want permission to marry German girls! 1940 A. Huxley Let. 7 July (1969) 455 Jehanne was out of Paris during the occupation. 1957 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 Dec. 783/3 The particular man whose life has been conditioned by the hot North African sun and the cold chill of the Occupation. 1972 Guardian 9 Sept. 12/4 The programme is..divided into three parts... There is life under the occupation..as drawn from experience in occupied Europe. 1977 E. Heath Trav. i. 11 The next time I saw Düsseldorf was in 1945 during the occupation of Germany after the end of the Second World War. b. The action of occupying a work place, public building, etc., as a form of protest. Cf. sit-in n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > militancy > [noun] > demonstration > types of demonstration or protest counterprotest1595 student demonstration1856 lie-in1867 rent strike1881 hunger strike1889 march1908 protest march1914 occupation1920 lie-down1936 sit-down1936 sit-in1936 freedom march1947 vigil1956 freedom walk1957 swim-in1960 freedom ride1961 sitting in1961 sleep-out1961 fish-in1964 live-in1964 stall-in1964 sleep-in1965 Long March1967 love-in1967 talk-in1967 write-in1967 die-in1970 dirty protest1979 blanket protest1982 1920 Times 4 Sept. 7/5 Yesterday's news..recorded principally the further occupation of establishments [sc. factories] by the men. 1968 A. H. Barton in Publ. Opinion Q. 32 334 A student rally..culminated in the occupation of Hamilton Hall by groups of protestors. 1995 Independent 15 May 3/6 The occupation of Camden High Street is part of a wider campaign against the car culture. 2. a. The action or condition of residing in or holding a place or position; actual possession; tenure; occupancy; a period of occupancy. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > [noun] > occupancy occupying1425 occupation1433 occupancy1629 occupance1814 1433 Rolls of Parl. IV. 432/1 Hit lyked youre highnes..to charge me with occupation of the Office of the Tresorier of England. 1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 172/2 Every persone havyng possession or occupation in eny of the premisses. c1475 Reg. Crabhouse Nunnery in Norfolk Archaeol. (1892) 11 59 The viij yere of the ocupacion of the same Jone, Prioresse. 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. i^v Suche thynges as a man may..haue a manuell occupacyon, possessyon, or receyte. 1536–7 in Sc. Hist. Rev. 7 358 The saidis landis of Drigrange be continuall vse and occupatioun thairof ar becumin to..infertilitie and vnplentwisnes. 1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 196 If to such a corporal occupation, as this, wee add also, that they excluded others from the Sea. 1705 Boston News-let. 23 Sept. 2/2 (advt.) A House and Land in the High Fore-Street at the Sign of the Buck, in the South-End of Boston, now in the Occupation of Mr. Jacob Melyen, to be sold. 1791 W. Jessop Rep. River Witham 12 A Swivel-bridge over the Witham for the occupation of the common. 1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. App. AA. 621 Owners of lands then in monastic occupation. 1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 160 The Irish peasant..has..confounded the occupation with the ownership of the land. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 15 Jan. 4/3 No sufficient allowance was made for tenant's improvements, nor for his occupation interest in his holding. 1915 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Island x. 98 All the people who came here to rent the house wanted to know if they couldn't take the name off the gate during their occupation of it. 1987 J. Diski Rainforest i. 10 There are small signs of occupation: the breakfast things are neatly stacked in the sink, the pillows on the bed dented. 1993 Dog World Nov. 44/2 In the Igloolik area, dogs were present throughout the pre-dorset occupations and may have been used as hunting aids. b. A piece of land occupied by a tenant; a holding. Cf. occupying n. 2b. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > a legal holding > [noun] hold1303 tenementsa1325 tenementc1330 occupying1431 tenure1439 landholdinga1475 living1581 holding1640 occupation1792 1792 A. Young Trav. France 411 These small occupations are a real loss of labour;..people are fed upon them, whose time is worth little or nothing. 1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon iv. 108 The occupations fluctuate between 30l. and 120l. per annum. 1879 T. H. S. Escott England I. 59 Held by tenantry whose occupations range from 100 to 500 acres each. 1908 Daily Chron. 21 Oct. 5/5 On one farm of 190 acres the tenant had employed a man and a boy, but on that land now there were nine occupations, with three families residing in houses. 3. The action of filling or taking up space. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > [noun] occupation1816 occupancy1833 1816 J. Austen Emma I. x. 186 Stooping down in complete occupation of the footpath. View more context for this quotation 1865 J. Grote Exploratio Philosophica Pt. I i. 166 I suppose co-existence in space means proximity, side-by-sideness—equally exclusive of occupation of the same space or of a remote one. 1905 N.E.D. at Penetration Used for a supposed or conceived occupation of the same space by two bodies at the same time. 1988 R. S. Woolhouse Empiricists (BNC) We need to know the causes of those parts which all material things have in common, for example occupation of space, solidity, shape, and movement. II. Senses relating to time. 4. a. The state of having one's time or attention occupied; what a person is engaged in; employment, business; work, toil. †to have in occupation: to be occupied or busied with (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or engage (a person) [verb (transitive)] > engage in or busy oneself about fanda1375 entermetea1393 deala1400 makea1400 apply?c1400 to have in occupation?1523 lie1546 entreat1590 to consist in1606 tirea1616 stickle1647 to be in the business of1873 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. xl. 1 Gret ocupacioun [L. Occupatio] is shapen to alle men and a greuous ȝoc vp on þe sones of adam. c1425 Treat. Ten Commandments in Stud. Philol. (1910) 6 22 Ȝe glotonus & wastures of mannes sustinans..I wol rewarde ȝow in tyme to comynge for ȝowre ocupacion. a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 281 (MED) Som man, for lak of occupacioun, Museþ forþer þanne his wyt may strecche. a1500 Treat. Ghostly Battle in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 422 (MED) Brydelle hym with scharpe abstynence, bothe with fastyng and wakyng and with honest occupacion doyng. ?1510 T. More tr. G. Pico della Mirandola in tr. G. F. Pico della Mirandola Lyfe I. Picus sig. d.iii Vse them both aswell study as worldly occupation. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xiiii It is nat conuenyent to haue hay and corne bothe in occupacion at one tyme. 1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet D ij b Though he bee but a cobler by occupation. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 160 No vse of Mettall, Corne, or Wine, or Oyle: No occupation, all men idle. View more context for this quotation 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xiii. 394 Minds, long exercised in business..in the loss of power..principally regret the want of occupation. a1855 J. Eagles Sketcher (1856) xv. 347 By the intense occupation of his mind. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. vii. 78 Harold and Swend..by their invasion..gave him full occupation throughout the year. 1908 E. M. Forster Room with View viii. 140 He felt, as all who have regular occupation must feel, that others should have it also. 1989 Independent (Electronic ed.) (BNC) 5 Oct. Not only was there physical weakness but also intense loneliness and sometimes mental anguish due to lack of occupation in the ‘workhouse’ and the chronic sick wards. b. A particular action or course of action in which a person is engaged, esp. habitually; a particular job or profession; a particular pursuit or activity. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > [noun] mister?c1225 studyc1350 occupation?1387 businessc1405 entermise1490 occupying1548 banking1660 improvement1670 the mind > possession > [noun] > possession of a position or condition occupation?1387 tenancy1598 tenure1616 occupancy1629 society > occupation and work > [noun] > a particular occupation?1387 business1724 the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] busyingeOE busyOE busyship?c1225 busyhead1340 occupation?1387 occupyinga1400 businessc1405 vacationc1450 employing1459 employment1542 entertainment1551 activity1570 trade1591 negotiation1628 engagement1661 employ1675 busyness1809 occupancy1826 carry-on1917 society > law > legal possession > [noun] > occupation as constituting title occupation?1387 occupancy1629 occupance1814 ?1387 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Corpus Cambr.) (1967) 73 (MED) Why..putteþ men here sones raþere to lawe syuyle and to þe kyngis court to writen lettres or writis þan to philosophie oþer deuinite, but for þey hopen þat þyse ocupacions shul be euere menis to make hem grete in þe world. c1390 G. Chaucer Melibeus 2781 He that..casteth hym to no bisynesse ne occupacion. 1428 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 180 (MED) Euery man þat had or schuld haffe prentice or lowez in our ocupasioun schuld schew and bring þe sayd apprentice to þe maisters. ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 7 Thenke not on none other worldly ocupaciones. 1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 388 Doynge hur office and occupacion. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 282 (MED) I gadre wode here in þe forest, þat I sell; and if I go abowte þis erunde, I most thenne leve myne owne ocupacion. 1513 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 10 The craft or occupation of brewers. ?1577 G. Buchanan Let. in Vernac. Writings (1892) 58 As to my occupation at thys present tyme, I am besy with our story of Scotland. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 362 Farewell, Othello's Occupation's gone. View more context for this quotation 1675 Earl of Galloway's Family Papers 7 Apr. Acording to ther severall ocupationes. 1761 G. G. Beekman Let. 12 Dec. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 397 If you had a Discribed the man and his Occupation It might have been a means Of finding him Out. 1797 E. Burke Three Mem. French Affairs 74 Condorcet..is a man of another sort of birth, fashion, and occupation from Brissot. 1868 J. Ruskin First Notes Princ. Employm. for Destitute & Criminal Classes 3 The character of men depends more on their occupations than on any teaching we can give them. 1921 J. Galsworthy To Let 295 She had no aptitude for painting, writing, music, in his view the legitimate occupations of unmarried women, if they must do something in these days. 1955 G. Gorer Exploring Eng. Char. iii. 35 A professional skill puts its possessor nearly automatically in the middle class, an occupation based on physical prowess or strength places the worker in the working class. 1987 Observer 20 Sept. 54/3 The chief occupation of a lot of women married to very rich film stars is shopping: because it's a way to spend the day. †c. spec. Mechanical or mercantile employment; trade; (also) a skilled handicraft. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > [noun] > regular occupation, trade, or profession > trade or industry merchandrisec1480 industrya1500 trade1525 occupation?1529 graft1896 ?1529 Proper Dyaloge Gentillman & Husbandman sig. A v^v Artificeres and men of occupacion. 1576 A. Fleming tr. G. Macropedius in Panoplie Epist. 364 Take awaye learning from among men, and how shall trades mechanical, occupations (I meane) be maintained? a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. vi. 101 You, that stood so much Vpon the voyce of occupation, and The breath of Garlicke-eaters. View more context for this quotation †5. Use, employment (of a thing). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [noun] bihofthc1175 use?c1225 usinga1340 notingc1400 usage?c1400 occupationa1425 employment1437 employing1459 usancec1475 occupying1535 trade1552 wear1571 usury1607 adoperation1608 use-making1608 improvement1620 employ1677 exploiting1842 utilization1847 nuse1848 utilizing1864 a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) 2 Macc. iv. 14 In ocupaciouns [L. exercitiis] of a disch, ether pleying with a ledun disch. 1475 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 164 (MED) The said Johane shall have thoccupacion of þe Sawter above rehersed during her liff. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxx. f. clxxxxvii^v Churches and Temples they tourned to vse of stables And other vyle occupacyons. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Occupation or vse, vsus. 1582 in Reg. Guild Corpus Christi York (1872) 233 (note) My wyfe..shall have the occupacion of the said silver spoones duringe hir lyfe. 1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. viii. 140 Renders the whole floor firm enough for all common occupation. 1789 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. xvi. p. ccxlviii The exercise of any such act..may be termed wrongful using or occupation. †6. The exercising (of any business or office); exercise, discharge. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > practice, exercise, or doing > [noun] workingOE hauntinga1325 exercise1393 occupation1432 exercite1485 practicec1487 function1576 exercitation1579 extent1594 gestion1599 prosecution1605 carrying1711 1432 in Paston Lett. (1904) II. 35 Excercise and occupacion of the Kinges service. 1459 Rolls of Parl. V. 367/2 To recovere the seid penaltees for eny occupation of their seid Office for the premisses. 1483 in T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 336 Yn occupacyon of the said crafte. 1505 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 105 For the haldin of it [sc. the causeway] clene..thai haif namit..Thomas Glendunwyne..and discharges the pynouris that had the occupatioun thairof of before. †7. The action of filling or taking up time. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > spending time > [noun] occupationa1475 entertainment1551 temporicide1851 a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 6 Ȝe may make oure quinte essence wiþoute cost or traueile, and withoute occupacioun and lesynge of tyme. †III. Other uses. 8. Rhetoric. = preterition n. 1. Cf. occupatio n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > emphasis by pretending to omit occupatio1550 occupation1550 paralipsis1550 passenger1589 preteritiona1602 apophasis1656 reticence1686 pretermission1728 1550 R. Sherry Treat. Schemes & Tropes sig. Dvi Occupatia, occupacion is, when we make as though we do not knowe, or wyl not know of y^e thyng y^t wee speke of most of al. 1586 J. Melvill in Calderwood IV. 506 [He] easilie may perceave this to be a wicked calumnie, cast in a manner of occupatioun, to make the ministrie..odious to his majestie. Compounds C1. attributive. a. In the sense ‘of or relating to military occupation’. occupation army n. ΚΠ 1841 F. Jones tr. K. W. R. Rotteck Hist. World IV. 264 The intention..of appeasing the great foreign powers by suppressing all movements and forces allied to the revolutionary ideas, and of liberating France sooner from the occupation-army, might also contribute to this. 1918 E. S. Farrow Dict. Mil. Terms 414 Occupation Army, an army that remains in possession of a newly conquered country, retaining it as a kind of hostage, until peace is signed and the war indemnity paid. 1990 G. Will Suddenly II. xxv. 100 A regime facing the prospect of urban riots of desperation, has nothing to contribute to the discussion of Germany, save a timetable for removing its occupation army. occupation force n. ΚΠ 1880 T. Martin Life Prince Consort V. xcvii. 6 France..which had an army of sixty thousand men still in Lombardy, and an occupation force of five thousand in Rome. 1947 Times 10 May 3/5 He refers further to the ‘Greek Monarcho-Fascist forces’ who collaborated with the occupation forces. 1989 N. Miller Soviet Relat. Lat. Amer. (BNC) 35 The nationalist leader Sandino of Nicaragua..fought against a US occupation force from 1927 to 1934. occupation troops n. ΚΠ 1945 New Yorker 20 Jan. 27 I hope we don't get stuck here as occupation troops. 1975 R. L. Duncan Dragons at Gate (1976) iv. 32 On the day of the surrender, before the Occupation troops could arrive, Takaeshi..set out into Tokyo Bay, and blew himself up. b. In the sense ‘of or relating to the human occupation discovered on an archaeological site’. occupation floor n. ΚΠ 1933 Man 33 32 Fluviatile and sub-aerial loams..were deposited which sealed-in occupation-floors of the Aurignacian epoch containing flint implements and pottery fragments. 1986 R. B. Morrison & C. R. Wilson Native Peoples iii. 52 A stratified sequence of occupation floors containing pebble and flake tools associated with hearths. occupation layer n. ΚΠ 1932 Man 32 25/2 Superimposed upon an ‘Upper Kenya Aurignacian’ occupation-layer in Gambles cave is an industry of obsidian blades worked on both faces. 2001 Oxoniensia 65 433 A total of nine samples from medieval floor layers, pits and occupation layers were floated onto a 0.25 mm. mesh to recover charred plant remains. occupation level n. ΚΠ 1917 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 47 368 The valley was excavated in two stages, the first after the deposition of the glacial Chalky Boulder Clay, and the second at a time later than the formation of the occupation-levels, hereafter to be described. 1991 P. James et al. Cent. of Darkness (1992) ii. 30 Einar Gjerstad..had excavated a series of burials and occupation levels under the Forum. occupation-scatter n. ΚΠ 1954 S. Piggott Neolithic Cultures Brit. Isles ix. 271 The occupation-scatter of small sherds and flints. 1984 G. L. Isaac in R. B. Lee & I. De Vore Man the Hunter xxvi. 259 The excavation is a sample of a total area of a diffuse occupation scatter estimated to be nearly 100 times larger. occupation site n. ΚΠ 1938 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 68 31 It recalls the Clactonian occupation-site upon the burned bank of the main Swanscombe channel discovered by Leakey in Rickson's pit in 1934. 1992 Maxwell 19 3/1 Later, a nearby Navajo hogan occupation site from the 1700s will be visited. C2. occupation bridge n. a bridge for the use of the occupiers of land, as one connecting parts of a farm, etc., separated by a canal or railway. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > bridge > bridge for use of occupiers occupation bridge1837 1837 J. Bennett in N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades 207 The occupation bridge, at Rotterdam,..consists of two separate segments. 1878 F. S. Williams Midland Railway (ed. 4) 509 Soon after..we come to an occupation bridge. 1983 E. Course Itchen Navigation 14 In Clarke's report of 1863, he records a wooden occupation bridge, which not only gave access to the meadows, but also served to transfer the towpath to the east side. 1992 W. B. Herbert Railway Ghosts & Phantoms (BNC) 151 Bridge 173 was an agricultural occupation bridge spanning a deep railway cutting and was used by the local farmer to give access to both big lineside fields. occupation centre n. an establishment where occupational therapy is practised or where people with mental disabilities are trained or employed. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > occupational therapy centre occupational centre1923 occupation centre1940 1940 W. M. Frazer & C. O. Stallybrass Text-bk. Public Health (ed. 10) xix. 440 If the home conditions are good and the defective's condition is suitable he may attend at an occupation centre where simple occupational training can be given. 1969 M. B. Brown & S. Payne Introd. to Social Admin. in Brit. ix. 152 Occupation centres can provide an admirable service for the severely disabled. occupation disease n. rare = occupational disease n. at occupational adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > environmental disorders > [noun] > occupational industrial disease1854 occupation disease1900 occupational disease1901 1900 W. A. N. Dorland Amer. Illustr. Med. Dict. 209/1 Occupation-disease. 1901 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Aug. 405/1 (heading) The medical profession and the control of occupation diseases. 1930 F. B. Young Jim Redlake iii. iii. 326 Overcrowding, short commons, adulterated food, occupation diseases—they're all just words in a newspaper. 1987 Jrnl. Family Pract. 14 827 (title) Malignant mesothelioma: an occupation disease. † occupation franchise n. Obsolete the right to vote at a parliamentary election as a tenant or occupier. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > right to vote at elections > [noun] > one of principles on which right based > specific pot-walling1455 property qualification1794 pot-wobbling1796 household suffrage1819 fancy franchise1859 occupation franchise1862 lodger-franchise1867 1862–3 T. E. May Constit. Hist. Eng. 361 The 50l. occupation franchise in counties, was reduced to a 10l. bonâ fide holding. 1884 W. E. Gladstone Speech 28 Feb. There were four occupation franchises in boroughs. One of them was 10l. clear yearly value, and the other three were the lodger, the household, and the service franchise. occupation neurosis n. [after German Beschäftigungs-neurose (see quot. 1888)] Medicine (now historical) a disorder of nerves or muscles caused by or related to the patient's occupation; spec. muscle spasm or cramp associated with a repetitive manual activity. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [noun] > spasm or cramp > type of spasm > occupational occupation neurosis1888 1888 W. R. Gowers Man. Dis. Nerv. Syst. II. v. 656 The term ‘occupation neuroses’, adopted from the German (‘Beschaftigungs-neurosen’), is a convenient designation for a group of maladies in which certain symptoms are excited by the attempt to perform some often-repeated muscular action, commonly one that is involved in the occupation of the sufferer... The most frequent symptom is spasm. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 7 ‘Occupation neuroses’ such as painter's colic or mercurial tremor. 1911 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 38 107 An occupation neurosis is literally a fatigue cramp, and is characterized by spasms of muscles concerned in special movements, and brought on whenever these special movements, such as writing, are attempted. 1989 Austral. Family Physician 18 1005/2 Paul reviewed the theories of etiology of the Occupation Neuroses. occupation number n. Physics the number of particles in a system that are in any given energy level or quantum state. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > wave mechanics > [noun] > number of particles occupation number1949 1949 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 199 363 The investigation..seems to show conclusively that the orthodox expression for the occupation number N_r is not universally valid and that the true distribution law is more complicated. 1974 G. Reece tr. F. Hund Hist. Quantum Theory xiii. 180 Jordan was thus entitled to express his hope of a quantum wave theory of matter in which the numbers of particles would be the occupation numbers N_r of the discrete quantum wave states. 1997 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 355 2389 The number of ‘excitations’ is a constant (the number of photons plus the occupation number of the upper state cannot change..). occupation road n. a private road for the use of the occupiers of certain land. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > for access to land occupation road1799 accommodation road1823 1799 Swillington Inclosure Award 7 I do order award and direct that the said public carriage roads..and occupation roads so set out and awarded by me..shall..be considered as to the repairs..as public highways. 1832 Acts 2 & 3 Will. IV c. 64 Sched O. 45 The gate..opens into an occupation road leading to Penrallt. 1895 Carlisle Patriot 18 Oct. 7/3 There was an occupation road through a field of his father's, and other people besides the defendant had a right of way over it. 1992 W. G. Hoskins Making of Eng. Landscape (rev. ed.) (BNC) 166 Solitary farmsteads sparingly dotted about and reached by occupation roads running off the public roads. Derivatives † occupationer n. Obsolete a person engaged in an occupation. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > [noun] > one following specific occupation occupier1450 occupationer1593 exercent1720 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 190 Let the braue enginer,..maruelous Vulcanist, and euery Mercuriall occupationer..be respected. occuˈpationist n. an advocate of military occupation. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > war > war as profession or skill > [noun] > policies and theories > person(s) Wellingtonian1815 invasionist1853 compulsionist1886 occupationist1892 Zeppelinite1909 navalist1911 westerner1916 retreatista1925 nuclearist1952 Lawrentian1957 1892 Glasgow Herald 12 Feb. 6/3 No more a permanent occupationist [of Egypt] now than he was an immediate evacuationist some years ago. 1995 Pacific Affairs 68 117 The irony is that it was precisely the Occupationists' and modernization theorists' image of ‘America's Japan’ that became internalized and displayed as ‘Japan's Japan’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1325
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