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单词 oblong
释义

oblongadj.n.

Brit. /ˈɒblɒŋ/, U.S. /ˈɑbˌlɔŋ/, /ˈɑbˌlɑŋ/
Forms: late Middle English 1600s– oblong, late Middle English–1500s oblonge.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin oblongus.
Etymology: < classical Latin oblongus of greater length than breadth, elongated, in post-classical Latin also (with reference to duration) lengthy (1527 in a British source) < ob- ob- prefix + longus long adj.1 Compare Anglo-Norman oblonge, adjective (probably 14th cent.), Middle French, French oblong, adjective (1520; 1762 with reference to paper, books, etc.), Italian oblungo (a1571).The exact force of the prefix in oblongus is unclear: there is no analogous word in Latin.
A. adj.
1.
a. Elongated (usually as a deviation from an exact square or circular form); esp. rectangular with the adjacent sides unequal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > [adjective]
longOE
eavelonga1387
long-warpeda1400
oblong?a1425
long-shaped1575
longwise1600
oblongish1665
elongate1828
elongated1828
oblongitudinal1892
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 132 (MED) Somtyme forsoþ it [sc. a cataract] ocupieþ not bot o partie, and þan þingez semeþ of diuerse fourmez, lunarez, i. mone lich, fenestrate & oblonge.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 1098 (MED) Make..The cellis square oblonge, as x in breede As for xv in lengthe.
a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 111 (MED) Narowe and oblonge nailes, of sollidite and of wildnesse is a signe.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Oblong, oblong, somewhat long.
1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 4 [The Bee's] shape is little, brown, bowing, oblong.
1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus ii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 119 The beds of the Ancients were different from ours..being framed ob-long.
1685 R. Boyle Ess. Effects of Motion ii. 7 I have caused a skilfull Turner to turn for me an oblong piece of Iron.
1717 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 30 556 Some exactly Square, some oblong Square, some Semi-lunar.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 384 The egg..though round when in the body, yet becomes much more oblong than those of fowls, upon being excluded.
1777 W. Dalrymple Trav. Spain & Portugal lvi An antient wall with towers, forming a kind of oblong square.
1826 Lancet 16 Sept. 782/2 We saw..a small canal..behind an oblong cavity.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. iii. 27 It was in shape an oblong cube.
1874 M. C. Cooke Fungi 169 An oblong cell, slightly curved,..an antheridium or organ of the male sex.
1904 J. Conrad Nostromo i. i. 5 It is an oblong, lake-like piece of water.
1943 B. Smith Tree grows in Brooklyn xiii. 95 The tub was an oblong wooden box lined with zinc.
2001 B. Geddes World Food: Caribbean Gloss. 259/1 This large, oblong fruit has a tough, green exterior.
b. Botany. Of a leaf: approximately rectangular, or broadly linear, in shape, with long straight sides and blunt or slightly rounded ends. Of a plant: having such leaves.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > [adjective] > oblong
oblonga1500
linear1753
oblanceolate1821
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [adjective] > of general parts > oblong
oblonga1500
a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 68 (MED) And of spices of trees is a certayn spice that hath cropp, and is planted, havyng oblong leves.
1694 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 278 The Cardamomum majus & minus, the Bengala Indorum..[etc.], do all agree in the same Fructification and Characters of having..oblong broad Leaves alternately set.
1776 J. Lee Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) Explan. Terms 383 Oblongum, oblong, twice the Length of its Breadth.
1861 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. VI. 171 Oblong Woodsia... Frond lanceolate or oblong, pinnate, hairy beneath.
1928 Garden & Home Builder Jan. 419/1 The leaves are oblong, lance-shaped, light green with purplish brown markings.
1987 K. Rushforth Tree Planting & Managem. (1990) 185/2 Rauli..is the best timber species, with very fast growth, to 30m, and attractive in the oblong or narrowly oval leaves with 15–18 pairs of impressed veins.
c. Of a sheet of paper, page, picture, postage stamp, etc.: rectangular, with the breadth greater than the height; in landscape as opposed to portrait format.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [adjective] > quadrilateral > square or rectangular > rectangular or oblong
eavelonga1387
long-warpeda1400
avelong1440
wrongc1440
squarelike1557
rectangular?a1560
rectangulous1680
fenestriform1860
oblong1888
1888 in C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 89 Oblong.
1898 Kegan Paul's List of Publications Sizes of Books..the breadth being greater than the height—the size is described as ‘oblong’ 8vo., ‘oblong’ 4to. &c.
1994 Bk. & Mag. Collector June 53/1 This large oblong folio was limited to only 100 copies.., both editions issued in a slipcase.
2. figurative. Disproportionately long; drawn out. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [adjective] > prolix
tedious1412
prolix?a1475
prolixtc1485
longa1525
prolixious1577
long-winded1589
long-drawn1592
wire-drawn1603
long-breatheda1628
long-spun1633
pedalian1636
oblong1643
lacinious1648
long-lunged1660
lengthened1705
libertine1710
lengthy1759
incompendious1833
lengthsome1836
spun1869
lengtheninga1872
fine-drawn1888
1643 P. Bales Oratio Dominica 12 Their prayers are oblong and tedious, for they are..sometimes..three houres long.
B. n.
An oblong figure or object; esp. a rectangle of greater length than breadth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [noun] > quadrilateral > rectangle
square1382
long or oblong square1551
rectangle?a1560
oblong1590
quadrate1598
orthangle1603
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > quadrilateral > rectangle
long square1551
rectangle?a1560
oblong1590
orthangle1603
1590 T. Hood tr. P. de La Ramée Elements Geom. xiii. f. 12 An oblonge, is a rectangled parallelograme, being not equilater.
a1608 F. Vere Comm. (1657) 124 Stretched out in the form of a geometrical oblique or oblong.
1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity xvii. 60 Stoop to divide clay or dirt into squares or oblongs.
1787 M. Cutler Let. 18 Sept. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) I. 330 Were the ends increased,..I should prefer an oblong to a square.
1852 G. Grote Hist. Greece IX. ii. lxx. 112 Xenophon then moved..that the march should be in a hollow oblong, with the baggage in the centre.
1870 R. A. Proctor Other Worlds than Ours ii. 38 Each image would also be a horizontally-placed oblong.
1935 G. Blake Shipbuilders iv. 97 He..was out on the streets again half an hour before two o'clock, a unit of one of the streams of men converging from all parts of the city and from all its outliers on the drab embankments round an oblong of turf in Ibrox.
1977 J. D. MacDonald Condominium xvi. 148 The tall buildings made oblongs of shade across Beach Drive.
1997 J. Harris Chocolat (2000) vi. 39 The church standing white and proud in an oblong of linden trees.

Compounds

C1. [Corresponding to post-classical and scientific Latin oblongo- oblongo- comb. form.] Chiefly Botany. Prefixed to adjectives with the sense ‘oblong and ——’, as oblong-acuminate, oblong-cylindrical, oblong-elliptic, oblong-lanceolate, oblong-oval, oblong-ovate adjs., etc. Cf. oblongo- comb. form.
ΚΠ
1677 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 12 827 They [sc. animals seen in the microscope] were..of an oblong oval figure, only with this difference, that me thought their heads ended sharper.
1770 Philos. Trans. 1769 (Royal Soc.) 59 139 (note) Little oblong-oval seed vessels.
1829 J. Lindley Synopsis Brit. Flora 70 S[axifraga]. leptophylla Persoon... Calyx oblong-ovate.
1829 J. Lindley Synopsis Brit. Flora 209 R[umex]. maritimus Linn... Lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, flat; upper oblong-lanceolate.
1836 M. J. Berkeley in J. E. Smith Eng. Flora V. ii. 276 The sporidia oblong-elliptic, containing three or four round sporidiola.
1847 W. E. Steele Handbk. Field Bot. 199 Fruit patent, oblong-acuminate.
1847 W. E. Steele Handbk. Field Bot. 203 Barren spikes..oblong-cylindrical.
1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 353 Spikes oblong-pyramidal.
1875 Encycl. Brit. II. 282/1 The body [of a pseudoscorpion] is of an oblong-oval form.
1893 T. R. R. Stebbing Hist. Crustacea xxiii. 372 Isopoda... Tribe III.—Valvifera... Family 2.—Idoteidæ. The body is ovate or oblong, or more or less oblong-ovate.
1929 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 105 505 The individual chromosomes have so far been oblong-cylindrical in shape.
1976 Flora Europaea IV. 327/2 S[onchus] palustris L...basal leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire to pinnatifid.
1995 European Garden Flora IV. 463/2 M[aranthes] corymbosa... Leaves 6.5–15 × 2–8 cm, oblong-elliptic to lanceolate.
C2.
oblong-leaved adj. (of a plant) having oblong leaves.
ΚΠ
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. II. 131 The three species of cinchona used officinally..the lance-leaved..heart-leaved..and oblong-leaved.
1899 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26 112 The erect, oblong-leaved species described by Walter in 1788 as Trifolium erectum.
1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 126/1 Great sundew, D. longifolia, and oblong-leaved sundew, D. intermedia, are scarcer and more local species.
oblong marrow n. Anatomy Obsolete rare the medulla oblongata.
ΚΠ
1681 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Anat. Brain in Five Treat. xiii. 101 Out of the same tract of the oblong Marrow [L. medullae oblongatae (gen. sing.)], lesser paths are carried outwardly, here and there, by particular Nerves, arising from the same, within the Skull.
1874 J. A. Sewall Hooker's New Physiol. 370 The ‘oblong marrow,’ or nervous cord, which is continuous with the spinal cord within the skull.
oblong spheroid n. and adj. now rare (a) n. a prolate spheroid; (b) adj. having the shape of a prolate spheroid.
ΚΠ
1726 Philos. Trans. 1725 (Royal Soc.) 33 201 Monsieur Cassini says: ‘That the Earth is an oblong Spheroid, higher at the Poles than the Æquator, making the Axis longer than a Diameter of the Æquator about thirteen French leagues’.
1801 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. II. 305/1 Oblong spheroid..is formed by an ellipse revolved about its longer or transverse axis; in contradistinction from the oblate spheroid.
1851 M. Faraday in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 141 33 If a liquid sphere of a paramagnetic conductor were in the place of action, and then the magnetic force developed, it would change in form and be prolonged axially, becoming an oblong spheroid.
1990 Systematic Bot. 15 584/2 The second form of aeciospore is..oblong-spheroid.

Derivatives

ˈoblongness n. rare the quality of being oblong.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > condition of being long in relation to breadth > [noun]
oblongness1727
oblongitude1739
1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Oblongness, oblong Form, or the being of the Form of a long Square.
a1900 H. Sidgwick Lect. Philos. Kant (1905) 95 There are degrees..of oblongness in rectangular figures but not of squareness.
1996 M. M. Smith Spares i. 5 Apart from its unusual provenance and extreme oblongness, New Richmond is now just a city like anywhere else.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.?a1425
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