nutritionn.

Brit.

/njuːˈtrɪʃn/,

/njᵿˈtrɪʃn/, U.S.

/n(j)uˈtrɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English nutricioun, late Middle English–1500s nutricion, 1500s– nutrition; Scottish pre-1700 nutricioun, pre-1700 nutricioune, 1700s– nutrition.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French nutrition; Latin nutrition-, nutritio.

Etymology: < Middle French, French nutrition process of supplying nourishment (1370 in Middle French as nuctricion ) and its etymon post-classical Latin nutrition-, nutritio action of nourishing (5th cent.; from 1267 in British sources; also in figurative use) < classical Latin nūtrīt- , past participial stem of nūtrīre nourish v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Spanish nutrición (c1440; attested earlier as nudrición (1220–50)), Italian nutrizione (a1565). N.E.D. (1907) gives only the pronunciation (niutri·ʃən) /njuːˈtrɪʃən/.

a. The action or process of supplying, or of receiving, nourishment or food.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun]

nourishmentc1330

nurshinga1382

nurshmenta1382

sustenance1389

nutrition?a1425

nutrure?c1450

sustentation1452

nutrifaction?1503

education1533

feeding1547

nourishing1560

nutriture1568

cherishment1593

subsistence1615

nutrication1623

alimentation1626

keeping1644

alition1650

alumnation1658

focillation1658

aliture1721

altion1721

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 67^v (MED) I trowed þat noþing noresheþ by verray nutricion bot if it come fro þe stomac to þe lyuer & to veyne spred bi þe flesh.

1547 C. Langton Very Brefe Treat. Phisick sig. Dviii Amongest the naturall actions, be reckened, generation, Auction, nutrition, Formation, Alteration, [etc.].

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man v. f. 63^v (margin) Instruments seruyng to nutrition.

1588 W. Bayley Short Disc. Peppers sig. B 5^v The cheefest vse of peppers is in cold affects of the stomacke, and of other parts which do serue for nutrition.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 727 The bowels are mostwhat alike in all, both for Nutrition, Generation, Life and Sense.

1682 N. Grew Idea Philos. Hist. Plants 3 in Anat. Plants All these being formed, by continual Nutrition still to be increased.

1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 28 That the Spirits..are concern'd in Nutrition, is plain enough.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Alimentation is used, by some naturalists, for what we more ordinarily call nutrition.

1803 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (new ed.) iv. i. 485 The kind of food, and the mode of preparing it, best suited to the purposes of nutrition.

1845 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. I. 161 The metamorphosis of the plasma during the nutrition of every form of tissue.

1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 178 Nutrition and functional activity are interdependent, the two falling off together.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 593/2 The marked contrast in the method of nutrition of the generally colourless Bacteriaceae to that of the blue-green Cyanophyceae.

1935 Rep. Physical Bases Nutrition (League of Nations Health Organisation) 4 Certain countries..have already organised extensive public or collective nutrition, including preventive or curative diets.

1994 National Rev. 4 Apr. 44/1 One fundamental problem was the way the court decided to withdraw Ron's nutrition.

b. figurative. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1551 T. Cranmer Answer S. Gardiner 42 Our spiritual generation and our spiritual nutrition, be..obscure and hyd vnto vs.

1624 T. Gataker Discuss. Transubstant. 160 The spirituall nutrition of soules living by grace.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxiv. 127 The Nutrition of a Common-wealth consisteth, in the Plenty, and Distribution of Materials conducing to Life.

1879 Fortn. Rev. Nov. 687 The self-preservative instinct of humanity rejects such art as does not contribute to its intellectual nutrition and moral sustenance.

1998 New Yorker 12 Sept. 143/1 Lois Gould's unself-pitying account of growing up without psychological nutrition amid Upper East Side planet, ‘Mommy Dressing: A Love Story, After a Fashion’.

†c. The preparation of an ointment by the mixing (emulsification) of an oil and vinegar or other liquid. Cf. nourished adj. 2, nutrite v., nutritum n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > [noun] > processes in pharmacy

levigation1471

frixion1617

nutrition1617

extinction1646

confectioning1650

demersion1692

pill-rolling1838

succussion1848

pearl-coating1883

cryoprecipitation1955

microencapsulation1961

microencapsulating1970

1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate Termes 346 Nutrition is the permistion of humidity by little and little, for the alteration of the quality of the medicament.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Nutritum A desiccative, cooling, Unguent, prepared by the Agitation and Nutrition of some Preparation of Lead, with Oil and Vinegar, or the Juice of Solanum, in a Mortar.

1754 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. III. 2240/2 Nutrition, in pharmacy, a kind of preparation, consisting in the gradual mixture of liquors of different natures, by stirring them together till they have acquired a thick consistence.

a. That which nourishes; food, nourishment. Also: nutritious content.In quot. a1500 in extended use in Alchemy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > [noun] > sustenance or nourishment

foodOE

fosterc1000

fodnethOE

flittinga1225

livenotha1225

nourishingc1300

sustenancec1300

livelihoodc1325

nurture1340

fosteringc1386

livingc1405

nouriturea1425

nutriment?a1425

nutrition?a1425

lifehood1440

reliefa1450

nourishmentc1450

nurshingc1450

sustentationc1450

nutrimentc1485

alimenta1500

sustainmenta1500

bielda1522

creature1540

suck1584

mantiniment1588

fosterment1593

the three M's1938

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 52 (MED) Þe hert is mortified for perdicioun of nutricioun [?c1425 Paris norisshynge; L. nutricationis], & þe animal, i. beest, perisheþ.

a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 2192 (MED) Liquours to oure stone be chief nutricion..Liquours conveith alle Alimente & fode To euery parte of mannys bodie, And so thei do with vs in alchymye.

a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome f. 245^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Nutricioun(e As the breid and wyn are the nutricioun and refeccioun of the body.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 671 Any thing that hath the nature of the superfluity or excrement of nutrition.

1733 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 54 Fix'd like a Plant on his peculiar Spot, To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot.

1758 J. Wood Suppl. to Treat. Farriery 25 A Putrefaction of the stagnated Juices, whence the Parts are essentially deprived of all manner of Nutrition.

1797 H. Foster Coquette liv. 173 But these stoic souls are good for nothing, that I know of, but ‘Fix'd like a plant, to one peculiar spot, To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot’.

1828 T. Flint Life & Adventures Arthur Clenning I. ii. 114 He bruised the pulp of a bread-fruit, poured wine upon it, and macerated the pulp, until the wine had imbibed the juice and the nutrition.

1868 W. Peard Pract. Water-farming ix. 97 These articles of nutrition materially assist the growth of the infant brood.

1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man 272 Chemistry is devoting itself to the experiment of manufacturing nutrition.

1952 Good Housek. (U.S. ed.) Dec. 154/1 (advt.) Fresh-tasting Nucoa is the first yellow margarine to be all nutrition.

1978 Jrnl. Afr. Hist. 19 479 Seasonal loss of nutrition of the plateau grasses (i.e. the presence of sourveld).

1992 Smithsonian Feb. 71/2 Products that sacrifice nutrition and taste for commercial advantage.

†b. As a count noun: a nutritious food or substance. Obsolete.In quots. only in plural.

ΚΠ

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man viii. f. 104 By meanes of renewyng these nutricions, that humour is also ingendred.

?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xiii. 175 Aiax..to none aliue will yeeld..whose life takes, Ceres nutritions.

3. The state or condition of being (well or badly) nourished; a person's state of health considered as a result or indicator of (good or bad) nourishment. Also with modifying word.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health > condition as to nourishment

nutriture1620

nutrition1880

1880 Mind 5 561 A tendency..to treat as one and the same fact mere animal spirits—the adjunct of healthy nutrition—and emotion strictly so called.

1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 597/2 In many cases hypertrophy cannot be regarded as a deviation from health, but rather on the contrary as indicative of a high degree of nutrition and physical power.

1952 C. P. Blacker Eugenics: Galton & After xi. 312 Their nutrition is surprisingly average—doubtless due to extra-familial feeding in schools.

1988 A. Storr School of Genius iv. 46 The food provided is unpalatable, and hardly enough to maintain nutrition.

4. The branch of science that deals with nutrition (sense 1a) and nutrients, esp. in humans; the study of food and diet.

ΚΠ

1903 Science 3 Apr. 555/2 Applicants..may be examined in one or more of the following subjects... Agricultural statistics;..physiology and nutrition of man; [etc.].

1925 Yearbk. Univ. Empire 369/2 Canada... University of Manitoba, Winnipeg... Agriculture... Nutrition, Hiltz, Mary C., B.S. Asst. Prof.

1952 John o' London's Weekly 2 May 434/1 In..nutrition, we have known him as a brake on the over-enthusiasm of the practicants in that novel subject.

1985 J. Yudkin Encycl. Nutrition 7 I therefore thought that it would be of interest for the reader to have available the brief biographies of twenty-five or so scientists who have made notable contributions to what we now know as nutrition.

2002 Independent 13 Mar. (Wednesday Review section) 8/2 The glycaemic index..was developed 22 years ago by a professor of nutrition at the university of Toronto.

Derivatives

nuˈtritionary adj. rare

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [adjective] > nourishing

nourishing1340

marrowya1382

nutrimentala1398

feeding1398

marroweda1400

nourishanta1400

nurshing?c1425

nutritivec1450

nutrativec1487

nourishable1496

hearty?1550

battling1555

nurturable1579

alimental1586

nutrible1607

alimentary1608

nutrimentive1610

refective1611

battlesome1627

alible1653

nurturing?a1659

alimentous1659

alimonious1659

polytrophic1659

nutrient1661

nutritious1665

alimentarious1671

foodful1735

nutritionarya1852

nutritional1858

nutraceutical1990

a1852 W. Macgillivray Nat. Hist. Dee Side (1855) 462 That general condition of nutritionary activity, which is produced by the development of the reproductive powers of the system.

1984 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 10 Sept. 14 On reflection..such conclusions illustrate the standards and expectations of the reformers more than they reflect sound nutritionary advice.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	nutrition
释义	nutritionn. Brit. /njuːˈtrɪʃn/, /njᵿˈtrɪʃn/, U.S. /n(j)uˈtrɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English nutricioun, late Middle English–1500s nutricion, 1500s– nutrition; Scottish pre-1700 nutricioun, pre-1700 nutricioune, 1700s– nutrition. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French nutrition; Latin nutrition-, nutritio. Etymology: < Middle French, French nutrition process of supplying nourishment (1370 in Middle French as nuctricion ) and its etymon post-classical Latin nutrition-, nutritio action of nourishing (5th cent.; from 1267 in British sources; also in figurative use) < classical Latin nūtrīt- , past participial stem of nūtrīre nourish v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Spanish nutrición (c1440; attested earlier as nudrición (1220–50)), Italian nutrizione (a1565). N.E.D. (1907) gives only the pronunciation (niutri·ʃən) /njuːˈtrɪʃən/. 1. a. The action or process of supplying, or of receiving, nourishment or food. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun] nourishmentc1330 nurshinga1382 nurshmenta1382 sustenance1389 nutrition?a1425 nutrure?c1450 sustentation1452 nutrifaction?1503 education1533 feeding1547 nourishing1560 nutriture1568 cherishment1593 subsistence1615 nutrication1623 alimentation1626 keeping1644 alition1650 alumnation1658 focillation1658 aliture1721 altion1721 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 67^v (MED) I trowed þat noþing noresheþ by verray nutricion bot if it come fro þe stomac to þe lyuer & to veyne spred bi þe flesh. 1547 C. Langton Very Brefe Treat. Phisick sig. Dviii Amongest the naturall actions, be reckened, generation, Auction, nutrition, Formation, Alteration, [etc.]. 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man v. f. 63^v (margin) Instruments seruyng to nutrition. 1588 W. Bayley Short Disc. Peppers sig. B 5^v The cheefest vse of peppers is in cold affects of the stomacke, and of other parts which do serue for nutrition. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 727 The bowels are mostwhat alike in all, both for Nutrition, Generation, Life and Sense. 1682 N. Grew Idea Philos. Hist. Plants 3 in Anat. Plants All these being formed, by continual Nutrition still to be increased. 1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 28 That the Spirits..are concern'd in Nutrition, is plain enough. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Alimentation is used, by some naturalists, for what we more ordinarily call nutrition. 1803 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (new ed.) iv. i. 485 The kind of food, and the mode of preparing it, best suited to the purposes of nutrition. 1845 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. I. 161 The metamorphosis of the plasma during the nutrition of every form of tissue. 1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 178 Nutrition and functional activity are interdependent, the two falling off together. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 593/2 The marked contrast in the method of nutrition of the generally colourless Bacteriaceae to that of the blue-green Cyanophyceae. 1935 Rep. Physical Bases Nutrition (League of Nations Health Organisation) 4 Certain countries..have already organised extensive public or collective nutrition, including preventive or curative diets. 1994 National Rev. 4 Apr. 44/1 One fundamental problem was the way the court decided to withdraw Ron's nutrition. b. figurative. Now rare. ΚΠ 1551 T. Cranmer Answer S. Gardiner 42 Our spiritual generation and our spiritual nutrition, be..obscure and hyd vnto vs. 1624 T. Gataker Discuss. Transubstant. 160 The spirituall nutrition of soules living by grace. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxiv. 127 The Nutrition of a Common-wealth consisteth, in the Plenty, and Distribution of Materials conducing to Life. 1879 Fortn. Rev. Nov. 687 The self-preservative instinct of humanity rejects such art as does not contribute to its intellectual nutrition and moral sustenance. 1998 New Yorker 12 Sept. 143/1 Lois Gould's unself-pitying account of growing up without psychological nutrition amid Upper East Side planet, ‘Mommy Dressing: A Love Story, After a Fashion’. †c. The preparation of an ointment by the mixing (emulsification) of an oil and vinegar or other liquid. Cf. nourished adj. 2, nutrite v., nutritum n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > [noun] > processes in pharmacy levigation1471 frixion1617 nutrition1617 extinction1646 confectioning1650 demersion1692 pill-rolling1838 succussion1848 pearl-coating1883 cryoprecipitation1955 microencapsulation1961 microencapsulating1970 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate Termes 346 Nutrition is the permistion of humidity by little and little, for the alteration of the quality of the medicament. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Nutritum A desiccative, cooling, Unguent, prepared by the Agitation and Nutrition of some Preparation of Lead, with Oil and Vinegar, or the Juice of Solanum, in a Mortar. 1754 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. III. 2240/2 Nutrition, in pharmacy, a kind of preparation, consisting in the gradual mixture of liquors of different natures, by stirring them together till they have acquired a thick consistence. 2. a. That which nourishes; food, nourishment. Also: nutritious content.In quot. a1500 in extended use in Alchemy. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > [noun] > sustenance or nourishment foodOE fosterc1000 fodnethOE flittinga1225 livenotha1225 nourishingc1300 sustenancec1300 livelihoodc1325 nurture1340 fosteringc1386 livingc1405 nouriturea1425 nutriment?a1425 nutrition?a1425 lifehood1440 reliefa1450 nourishmentc1450 nurshingc1450 sustentationc1450 nutrimentc1485 alimenta1500 sustainmenta1500 bielda1522 creature1540 suck1584 mantiniment1588 fosterment1593 the three M's1938 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 52 (MED) Þe hert is mortified for perdicioun of nutricioun [?c1425 Paris norisshynge; L. nutricationis], & þe animal, i. beest, perisheþ. a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 2192 (MED) Liquours to oure stone be chief nutricion..Liquours conveith alle Alimente & fode To euery parte of mannys bodie, And so thei do with vs in alchymye. a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome f. 245^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Nutricioun(e As the breid and wyn are the nutricioun and refeccioun of the body. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 671 Any thing that hath the nature of the superfluity or excrement of nutrition. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 54 Fix'd like a Plant on his peculiar Spot, To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot. 1758 J. Wood Suppl. to Treat. Farriery 25 A Putrefaction of the stagnated Juices, whence the Parts are essentially deprived of all manner of Nutrition. 1797 H. Foster Coquette liv. 173 But these stoic souls are good for nothing, that I know of, but ‘Fix'd like a plant, to one peculiar spot, To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot’. 1828 T. Flint Life & Adventures Arthur Clenning I. ii. 114 He bruised the pulp of a bread-fruit, poured wine upon it, and macerated the pulp, until the wine had imbibed the juice and the nutrition. 1868 W. Peard Pract. Water-farming ix. 97 These articles of nutrition materially assist the growth of the infant brood. 1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man 272 Chemistry is devoting itself to the experiment of manufacturing nutrition. 1952 Good Housek. (U.S. ed.) Dec. 154/1 (advt.) Fresh-tasting Nucoa is the first yellow margarine to be all nutrition. 1978 Jrnl. Afr. Hist. 19 479 Seasonal loss of nutrition of the plateau grasses (i.e. the presence of sourveld). 1992 Smithsonian Feb. 71/2 Products that sacrifice nutrition and taste for commercial advantage. †b. As a count noun: a nutritious food or substance. Obsolete.In quots. only in plural. ΚΠ 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man viii. f. 104 By meanes of renewyng these nutricions, that humour is also ingendred. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xiii. 175 Aiax..to none aliue will yeeld..whose life takes, Ceres nutritions. 3. The state or condition of being (well or badly) nourished; a person's state of health considered as a result or indicator of (good or bad) nourishment. Also with modifying word. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health > condition as to nourishment nutriture1620 nutrition1880 1880 Mind 5 561 A tendency..to treat as one and the same fact mere animal spirits—the adjunct of healthy nutrition—and emotion strictly so called. 1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 597/2 In many cases hypertrophy cannot be regarded as a deviation from health, but rather on the contrary as indicative of a high degree of nutrition and physical power. 1952 C. P. Blacker Eugenics: Galton & After xi. 312 Their nutrition is surprisingly average—doubtless due to extra-familial feeding in schools. 1988 A. Storr School of Genius iv. 46 The food provided is unpalatable, and hardly enough to maintain nutrition. 4. The branch of science that deals with nutrition (sense 1a) and nutrients, esp. in humans; the study of food and diet. ΚΠ 1903 Science 3 Apr. 555/2 Applicants..may be examined in one or more of the following subjects... Agricultural statistics;..physiology and nutrition of man; [etc.]. 1925 Yearbk. Univ. Empire 369/2 Canada... University of Manitoba, Winnipeg... Agriculture... Nutrition, Hiltz, Mary C., B.S. Asst. Prof. 1952 John o' London's Weekly 2 May 434/1 In..nutrition, we have known him as a brake on the over-enthusiasm of the practicants in that novel subject. 1985 J. Yudkin Encycl. Nutrition 7 I therefore thought that it would be of interest for the reader to have available the brief biographies of twenty-five or so scientists who have made notable contributions to what we now know as nutrition. 2002 Independent 13 Mar. (Wednesday Review section) 8/2 The glycaemic index..was developed 22 years ago by a professor of nutrition at the university of Toronto. Derivatives nuˈtritionary adj. rare ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [adjective] > nourishing nourishing1340 marrowya1382 nutrimentala1398 feeding1398 marroweda1400 nourishanta1400 nurshing?c1425 nutritivec1450 nutrativec1487 nourishable1496 hearty?1550 battling1555 nurturable1579 alimental1586 nutrible1607 alimentary1608 nutrimentive1610 refective1611 battlesome1627 alible1653 nurturing?a1659 alimentous1659 alimonious1659 polytrophic1659 nutrient1661 nutritious1665 alimentarious1671 foodful1735 nutritionarya1852 nutritional1858 nutraceutical1990 a1852 W. Macgillivray Nat. Hist. Dee Side (1855) 462 That general condition of nutritionary activity, which is produced by the development of the reproductive powers of the system. 1984 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 10 Sept. 14 On reflection..such conclusions illustrate the standards and expectations of the reformers more than they reflect sound nutritionary advice. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?a1425
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