baselinen.

Brit.

/ˈbeɪslʌɪn/, U.S.

/ˈbeɪsˌlaɪn/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: base n.¹, line n.²

Etymology: < base n.¹ + line n.²

I. Literal senses

a. A line which forms or represents a base; a line drawn along or around the base of something. Also: a line forming a basis for measurement or determining position, a datum line; (Surveying) = base n.¹ 19a.In early use with reference to base n.¹ 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > a survey line > a base line

baseline?1556

headline1656

base1761

datum1795

?1556 L. Digges Tectonicon i. sig. B^v The base line of the Triangle.

1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia ii. v. 55 Extend from some fewe Maine Angles..Base lines for..Boundaries.

1669 J. Collins Let. Sept. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1969) VI. 227 He hath communicated an universal Analyticall method..for the Mensuration of the Areas of all such Curves and their Perimeters wherein the Ordinates have one common habitude to the Baseline.

1750 M. Mackenzie Orcades 3/1 The Direction of this Base-line having been exactly taken with a Magnetic Needle, from each of its Extremities, with a good Theodelite, the Angles were observed, contained between the Base and visual rays connecting the Beacons.

1828 P. Nicholson Pract. Masonry 37 A horizontal section of a wall, through the base-line, is called the seat of the wall.

1864 J. F. W. Herschel Pop. Lect. Sci. (1871) v. 184 The intended base line [must be] allineated by placing a telescope a little beyond one of its proposed extremities.

1940 C. A. Hart Air Photogr. vi. 178 The stereometer may be moved easily while maintaining a direction parallel to the base-line of the pair of photographs.

1973 Internat. & Compar. Law Q. 22 668 The patrimonial sea can be briefly defined as an economic zone not more than 200 miles in breadth from the base line of the territorial sea.

2011 J. D. McCann Stay Alive! ix. 192 If you have a base line that you can use, in this case the stream or river that the bridge crosses, you can use that as a means of knowing you have reached the water that the bridge crosses.

b. Perspective. The line of intersection of the perspective plane and the geometrical plane.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > perspective > [noun] > planes, lines, or points

horizontal plane1638

eye-pointa1650

table1670

principal point1671

plan1678

geometrical plane1695

terrestrial line1704

vertical plane1704

baseline1724

station line1724

middle ground1753

picture plane1771

middle distance1778

primitive plane1798

seat1815

mid-distance1828

ground-plane1833

station point1859

mid-ground1864

no-sky line1927

1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus ii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 110 Perspective pictures, in their Base, Horison, and lines of distances, cannot escape these Rhomboidall decussations.]

1724 E. Stone tr. W. J. 's Gravesande Ess. Perspective i. 4 The Intersection of the Perspective Plane and the Geometrical Plane, is call'd the Base-Line.

1859 W. N. Bartholomew Linear Perspective 26 Draw through the point A a line, as I A, perpendicular to B L, the base line of the picture plane.

1995 C. Brusati Artifice & Illusion v. 187 Vredeman's second diagram..represents the ninety-degree field of view which would be taken in by a beholder standing in the square..at the baseline of the picture.

†c. Gunnery. A line on a cannon separating the base from the first reinforce. Cf. base ring n. (a) at base n.¹ Compounds 3a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > raised band on cannon > reinforce ring

ramforce ring1669

ranforce-ring1702

reinforce ring1757

baseline1862

1862 Ordnance Man. for Use of Officers (U.S. Army Ordnance Dept.) (ed. 3) 14 Base-line, a line traced around the gun in rear of the vent.

1875 A. P. Cooke Text-bk. Naval Ordnance & Gunnery iii. 167 The proper position for the exterior orifice of the vent having been determined and marked upon the base-line, the drill is set at the required angle.

2. Military. †(a) The first troop formation in a column. Obsolete. (b) Chiefly U.S. A connected series of places on which an armed force relies for security, supplies, and command.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > manoeuvre > [noun] > march > line of march

walkc1450

baseline1802

oblique1845

society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > [noun] > provision or procurement of supplies > line of supply

baseline1802

1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Base-line, the line on which troops in column move, the first division that marches into the alignement forms the base line, which each successive division prolongs.

1810 C. James New Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) Base-line also signifies the line on which all the magazines and means of supply of an army are established, and from whence the lines of operation proceed.

1825 J. Carruthers Instr. & Regulations Roxburghshire Yeomanry Cavalry 53 If the leaders of the two head divisions preserve an equal and steady pace,...those two will serve as a base line, on which all the others should cover.

1848 E. D. Mansfield Mexican War (ed. 7) v. 87 The real base-line upon which an army operates, is that which contains the depots of subsistence.

1881 J. Davis Rise & Fall Confederate Govt. (2009) II. iv. ix. 292 General Price, with a view to draw his army from the baseline of the enemy, the Missouri River, ordered his troops to the southwestern portion of the State.

1940 Life 29 July 76/2 After the invasion I saw a French soldier in a baseline hospital.

1976 E. N. Luttwak Grand Strategy Rom. Empire (1979) ii. 104 But the military worth of an outpost declines and finally becomes a liability as the security of the baseline diminishes.

3. Sport.

a. The line marked on the playing surface from base to base of a baseball or softball diamond.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > baseball ground > [noun] > base > line between

baseline1867

1867 Ball Players' Chron. 4 July 5/1 Foul balls are those striking the ground or a player back of the base lines.

1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 406/2 [Base ball] The position of the bases and base lines may be likened to a 90 feet square shaped diamond.

1950 Billboard 20 May 6/3 WPIX has two cameras on the first baseline and a Zoomar behind the plate.

1986 J. S. Shivers Recreational Safety iii. xi. 175 It is unlikely that a bench would have been positioned at an unsafe distance from the baseline and not protected by screening.

2008 S. L. Crawley et al. Gendering Bodies iii. 125 Softball is derived from baseball and purposefully made ‘smaller’ in that softball games have fewer innings.., have a smaller diamond (60-foot baseline rather than 90-foot) and smaller outfield, and pitchers must pitch underhand.

b. The line at each end of the court in tennis, badminton, volleyball, basketball, and some other games.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > [noun] > court > parts of

baseline1875

centreline1882

runback1891

alley1904

cover1907

no man's land1931

tramline1937

ad court1946

1875 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (ed. 12) 690/1 Lawn tennis The player who wins choice of courts serves; i.e. delivers the ball, standing with one foot outside the base line.

1878 Laws of Lawn-tennis 7 At each end of the Court, parallel with the net, and at a distance of 39 ft. from it, are drawn Base-Lines.

1932 G. Thomas Art of Badminton (ed. 4) iv. 57 In some situations..a deep smash to the base-line is more effective than any other.

1958 Coshocton (Ohio) Tribune 22 Mar. 2/1 He blazed along the baseline to sink a twisting reverse layup shot with 12 seconds on the clock.

1997 S. Boga Volleyball 65 On the other side, midway between the attack line and the baseline, stands a receiver, with a target person near the net and to the right.

2008 K. Woods & R. Woods Playing Tennis after 50 ix. 141 On most shots hit from the baseline to an opponent at his baseline, you should aim to clear the net by 3 to 5 feet (1 to 1.5 meters).

4. A (notional) line marking the lower edge of the main body of lower-case letters in a line of text. Contrasted with headline n.² 5a.

ΚΠ

1870 L. S. Thompson et al. Hand-bk. Eclectic Syst. Penmanship 49 The base line is the horizontal line, real or imaginary, on which the shortest letters rest.

1877 Primary Teacher Dec. 127 I now carry the left-curve to base, making the lower-turn below base-line, and then continue the right-curve to top, making the upper-turn above the head-line.

1952 K. G. Roman Handwriting vii. 137 The letters resting on the base line and having no extensions constitute the middle zone.

2002 P. Baines & A. Haslam Type & Typogr. iii. 38/1 Capital..letters are principally constructed between two parallel lines: the baseline and the cap-height.

II. Figurative senses.

5. A minimum or starting point used for comparisons or development of thought.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [noun] > starting-point

terminus a quo1549

starting place1570

terma1628

salient motion1664

salient pointa1682

punctum saliens1695

starting point1782

Adam and Eve1793

starting ground1802

point of departure1804

baseline1836

point de départ1848

zero1849

start point1860

jumping-board1878

jumping-off board1914

jumping-off point1927

starting block1932

square one1952

1836–42 T. Chalmers Wks. VIII. Pref. p. xi The article of our guilt or corruption by nature may be regarded as a base line on which to construct or to estimate many of the other and these the chief articles of our faith.

1856 N. Amer. Jrnl. Homeopathy Aug. 131 It would be a most desirable consummation to ascertain the law of mortality of this disease, as a base line by which results of treatment might be compared.

1902 Daily Chron. 25 July 3/3 A definite base-line from which the future progress of Irish industry can be measured.

1951 E. Jaques Changing Culture of Factory i. iii. 49 The following description of organization will serve as a baseline against which to assess the extent and character of these changes.

2008 N. J. G. Winter Dangerous Frames iv. 51 The control condition gives us a baseline for comparison with the race and gender conditions.

Compounds

General attributive.

a. In sense 5, as baseline data, baseline value, etc.

ΚΠ

1890 J. A. Hoogewerff Magn. Observ at U.S. Naval Observatory 1888 & 1889 5 Two values are thus obtained for each day, and the mean of these for the month is taken as the base-line value for that month.

1936 Educ. Res. Bull. 15 210 Provision is made for additions and changes to these base-line data.

1973 Evolution 27 69/1 Even for taxa used as an out-group or baseline reference, the patterns of character data..may yield considerable insights into evolutionary processes.

1989 C. Caufield Multiple Exposures (1990) xxii. 233 The American Cancer Society..now advises all women to have a ‘baseline’ mammogram at age 35, followed by a mammogram every other year from age 40 to 50, and one annually from then on.

2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 30 Apr. c17/1 The passport, favored by the World Anti-Doping Agency, is a record of all of an athlete's screening tests and would detect results that vary from the athlete's baseline values.

b. In sense 3b, as baseline driver, baseline game, etc.

ΚΠ

1905 Westm. Gaz. 29 June 5/2 Unsurpassed as a base-line driver.

1922 W. T. Tilden Art of Lawn Tennis (ed. 4) iii. x. 115 America, Australia, and South Africa took the English style, and began their tennis career on the base-line game.

1922 W. T. Tilden Art of Lawn Tennis (ed. 4) iv. xiii. 186 Both men are excellent tennis players of the true English school: fine base-line drivers, but subject to defeat by any aggressive volleyer.

1940 J. Nason Famous Athletes of Today 7th Ser. xii. 475 The California-born Chicagoan extracted all the fire from his final opponent's game by raking the championship court with a hot service and even hotter baseline strokes.

1984 Boys' Life Apr. 23/2 (advt.) There isn't a move that can beat this shoe. Not the baseline drive, not the fast break, not the quick turnaround.

2010 R. O. Davies Rivals! viii. 183 She became a master of the baseline game and would stick with it throughout her long career.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	baseline
释义	baselinen. Brit. /ˈbeɪslʌɪn/, U.S. /ˈbeɪsˌlaɪn/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: base n.¹, line n.² Etymology: < base n.¹ + line n.² I. Literal senses 1. a. A line which forms or represents a base; a line drawn along or around the base of something. Also: a line forming a basis for measurement or determining position, a datum line; (Surveying) = base n.¹ 19a.In early use with reference to base n.¹ 4. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > a survey line > a base line baseline?1556 headline1656 base1761 datum1795 ?1556 L. Digges Tectonicon i. sig. B^v The base line of the Triangle. 1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia ii. v. 55 Extend from some fewe Maine Angles..Base lines for..Boundaries. 1669 J. Collins Let. Sept. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1969) VI. 227 He hath communicated an universal Analyticall method..for the Mensuration of the Areas of all such Curves and their Perimeters wherein the Ordinates have one common habitude to the Baseline. 1750 M. Mackenzie Orcades 3/1 The Direction of this Base-line having been exactly taken with a Magnetic Needle, from each of its Extremities, with a good Theodelite, the Angles were observed, contained between the Base and visual rays connecting the Beacons. 1828 P. Nicholson Pract. Masonry 37 A horizontal section of a wall, through the base-line, is called the seat of the wall. 1864 J. F. W. Herschel Pop. Lect. Sci. (1871) v. 184 The intended base line [must be] allineated by placing a telescope a little beyond one of its proposed extremities. 1940 C. A. Hart Air Photogr. vi. 178 The stereometer may be moved easily while maintaining a direction parallel to the base-line of the pair of photographs. 1973 Internat. & Compar. Law Q. 22 668 The patrimonial sea can be briefly defined as an economic zone not more than 200 miles in breadth from the base line of the territorial sea. 2011 J. D. McCann Stay Alive! ix. 192 If you have a base line that you can use, in this case the stream or river that the bridge crosses, you can use that as a means of knowing you have reached the water that the bridge crosses. b. Perspective. The line of intersection of the perspective plane and the geometrical plane. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > perspective > [noun] > planes, lines, or points horizontal plane1638 eye-pointa1650 table1670 principal point1671 plan1678 geometrical plane1695 terrestrial line1704 vertical plane1704 baseline1724 station line1724 middle ground1753 picture plane1771 middle distance1778 primitive plane1798 seat1815 mid-distance1828 ground-plane1833 station point1859 mid-ground1864 no-sky line1927 1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus ii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 110 Perspective pictures, in their Base, Horison, and lines of distances, cannot escape these Rhomboidall decussations.] 1724 E. Stone tr. W. J. 's Gravesande Ess. Perspective i. 4 The Intersection of the Perspective Plane and the Geometrical Plane, is call'd the Base-Line. 1859 W. N. Bartholomew Linear Perspective 26 Draw through the point A a line, as I A, perpendicular to B L, the base line of the picture plane. 1995 C. Brusati Artifice & Illusion v. 187 Vredeman's second diagram..represents the ninety-degree field of view which would be taken in by a beholder standing in the square..at the baseline of the picture. †c. Gunnery. A line on a cannon separating the base from the first reinforce. Cf. base ring n. (a) at base n.¹ Compounds 3a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > raised band on cannon > reinforce ring ramforce ring1669 ranforce-ring1702 reinforce ring1757 baseline1862 1862 Ordnance Man. for Use of Officers (U.S. Army Ordnance Dept.) (ed. 3) 14 Base-line, a line traced around the gun in rear of the vent. 1875 A. P. Cooke Text-bk. Naval Ordnance & Gunnery iii. 167 The proper position for the exterior orifice of the vent having been determined and marked upon the base-line, the drill is set at the required angle. 2. Military. †(a) The first troop formation in a column. Obsolete. (b) Chiefly U.S. A connected series of places on which an armed force relies for security, supplies, and command. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > manoeuvre > [noun] > march > line of march walkc1450 baseline1802 oblique1845 society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > [noun] > provision or procurement of supplies > line of supply baseline1802 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Base-line, the line on which troops in column move, the first division that marches into the alignement forms the base line, which each successive division prolongs. 1810 C. James New Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) Base-line also signifies the line on which all the magazines and means of supply of an army are established, and from whence the lines of operation proceed. 1825 J. Carruthers Instr. & Regulations Roxburghshire Yeomanry Cavalry 53 If the leaders of the two head divisions preserve an equal and steady pace,...those two will serve as a base line, on which all the others should cover. 1848 E. D. Mansfield Mexican War (ed. 7) v. 87 The real base-line upon which an army operates, is that which contains the depots of subsistence. 1881 J. Davis Rise & Fall Confederate Govt. (2009) II. iv. ix. 292 General Price, with a view to draw his army from the baseline of the enemy, the Missouri River, ordered his troops to the southwestern portion of the State. 1940 Life 29 July 76/2 After the invasion I saw a French soldier in a baseline hospital. 1976 E. N. Luttwak Grand Strategy Rom. Empire (1979) ii. 104 But the military worth of an outpost declines and finally becomes a liability as the security of the baseline diminishes. 3. Sport. a. The line marked on the playing surface from base to base of a baseball or softball diamond. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > baseball ground > [noun] > base > line between baseline1867 1867 Ball Players' Chron. 4 July 5/1 Foul balls are those striking the ground or a player back of the base lines. 1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 406/2 [Base ball] The position of the bases and base lines may be likened to a 90 feet square shaped diamond. 1950 Billboard 20 May 6/3 WPIX has two cameras on the first baseline and a Zoomar behind the plate. 1986 J. S. Shivers Recreational Safety iii. xi. 175 It is unlikely that a bench would have been positioned at an unsafe distance from the baseline and not protected by screening. 2008 S. L. Crawley et al. Gendering Bodies iii. 125 Softball is derived from baseball and purposefully made ‘smaller’ in that softball games have fewer innings.., have a smaller diamond (60-foot baseline rather than 90-foot) and smaller outfield, and pitchers must pitch underhand. b. The line at each end of the court in tennis, badminton, volleyball, basketball, and some other games. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > [noun] > court > parts of baseline1875 centreline1882 runback1891 alley1904 cover1907 no man's land1931 tramline1937 ad court1946 1875 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (ed. 12) 690/1 Lawn tennis The player who wins choice of courts serves; i.e. delivers the ball, standing with one foot outside the base line. 1878 Laws of Lawn-tennis 7 At each end of the Court, parallel with the net, and at a distance of 39 ft. from it, are drawn Base-Lines. 1932 G. Thomas Art of Badminton (ed. 4) iv. 57 In some situations..a deep smash to the base-line is more effective than any other. 1958 Coshocton (Ohio) Tribune 22 Mar. 2/1 He blazed along the baseline to sink a twisting reverse layup shot with 12 seconds on the clock. 1997 S. Boga Volleyball 65 On the other side, midway between the attack line and the baseline, stands a receiver, with a target person near the net and to the right. 2008 K. Woods & R. Woods Playing Tennis after 50 ix. 141 On most shots hit from the baseline to an opponent at his baseline, you should aim to clear the net by 3 to 5 feet (1 to 1.5 meters). 4. A (notional) line marking the lower edge of the main body of lower-case letters in a line of text. Contrasted with headline n.² 5a. ΚΠ 1870 L. S. Thompson et al. Hand-bk. Eclectic Syst. Penmanship 49 The base line is the horizontal line, real or imaginary, on which the shortest letters rest. 1877 Primary Teacher Dec. 127 I now carry the left-curve to base, making the lower-turn below base-line, and then continue the right-curve to top, making the upper-turn above the head-line. 1952 K. G. Roman Handwriting vii. 137 The letters resting on the base line and having no extensions constitute the middle zone. 2002 P. Baines & A. Haslam Type & Typogr. iii. 38/1 Capital..letters are principally constructed between two parallel lines: the baseline and the cap-height. II. Figurative senses. 5. A minimum or starting point used for comparisons or development of thought. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [noun] > starting-point terminus a quo1549 starting place1570 terma1628 salient motion1664 salient pointa1682 punctum saliens1695 starting point1782 Adam and Eve1793 starting ground1802 point of departure1804 baseline1836 point de départ1848 zero1849 start point1860 jumping-board1878 jumping-off board1914 jumping-off point1927 starting block1932 square one1952 1836–42 T. Chalmers Wks. VIII. Pref. p. xi The article of our guilt or corruption by nature may be regarded as a base line on which to construct or to estimate many of the other and these the chief articles of our faith. 1856 N. Amer. Jrnl. Homeopathy Aug. 131 It would be a most desirable consummation to ascertain the law of mortality of this disease, as a base line by which results of treatment might be compared. 1902 Daily Chron. 25 July 3/3 A definite base-line from which the future progress of Irish industry can be measured. 1951 E. Jaques Changing Culture of Factory i. iii. 49 The following description of organization will serve as a baseline against which to assess the extent and character of these changes. 2008 N. J. G. Winter Dangerous Frames iv. 51 The control condition gives us a baseline for comparison with the race and gender conditions. Compounds General attributive. a. In sense 5, as baseline data, baseline value, etc. ΚΠ 1890 J. A. Hoogewerff Magn. Observ at U.S. Naval Observatory 1888 & 1889 5 Two values are thus obtained for each day, and the mean of these for the month is taken as the base-line value for that month. 1936 Educ. Res. Bull. 15 210 Provision is made for additions and changes to these base-line data. 1973 Evolution 27 69/1 Even for taxa used as an out-group or baseline reference, the patterns of character data..may yield considerable insights into evolutionary processes. 1989 C. Caufield Multiple Exposures (1990) xxii. 233 The American Cancer Society..now advises all women to have a ‘baseline’ mammogram at age 35, followed by a mammogram every other year from age 40 to 50, and one annually from then on. 2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 30 Apr. c17/1 The passport, favored by the World Anti-Doping Agency, is a record of all of an athlete's screening tests and would detect results that vary from the athlete's baseline values. b. In sense 3b, as baseline driver, baseline game, etc. ΚΠ 1905 Westm. Gaz. 29 June 5/2 Unsurpassed as a base-line driver. 1922 W. T. Tilden Art of Lawn Tennis (ed. 4) iii. x. 115 America, Australia, and South Africa took the English style, and began their tennis career on the base-line game. 1922 W. T. Tilden Art of Lawn Tennis (ed. 4) iv. xiii. 186 Both men are excellent tennis players of the true English school: fine base-line drivers, but subject to defeat by any aggressive volleyer. 1940 J. Nason Famous Athletes of Today 7th Ser. xii. 475 The California-born Chicagoan extracted all the fire from his final opponent's game by raking the championship court with a hot service and even hotter baseline strokes. 1984 Boys' Life Apr. 23/2 (advt.) There isn't a move that can beat this shoe. Not the baseline drive, not the fast break, not the quick turnaround. 2010 R. O. Davies Rivals! viii. 183 She became a master of the baseline game and would stick with it throughout her long career. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.?1556
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