basenessn.

Brit.

/ˈbeɪsnᵻs/, U.S.

/ˈbeɪsnᵻs/

Forms: see base adj. and n.⁶ and -ness suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: base adj., -ness suffix.

Etymology: < base adj. + -ness suffix.

†I. Senses corresponding to base adj. I.

1. Lowering (in position); depression. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > [noun] > lowering down

fellingc1300

strikingc1400

baseness?a1425

revaling?c1475

lowering?1662

demission1663

demission1708

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 103^v Concauite & gret basnez [?c1425 Paris lowenesse; L. bassitudo] in þe shuldre &..bosyng out..in þe armehole.

2. Lack of audibility, lowness of volume; softness or feebleness in sound. Obsolete.For uses relating to depth or pitch of sound see bassness n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > faintness or weakness > [noun]

baseness1610

indistinction1651

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > thing heard > [noun] > sound > quality of sound > pitch > lowness of

baseness1610

deepness1626

gravity1669

bassness1880

1610 Bible (Douay) II. Eccles. xii. 4 The baseness of the grinders voice.

1855 J. Brougham Pocahontas ii. i. 24 You'd out-shout the treble baseness of his tenor!

II. Senses corresponding to base adj. II.

†a. A metal alloyed with less valuable metal. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > alloy with baser metal

allay1348

basenessa1475

alloy1689

a1475 Recipe Painting in Archæol. Jrnl. (1844) 1 154 (MED) Take platis of clene coper..but nether pot-bras ne of basenes, for that is latoun.

b. Inferior or debased quality. Also: an inferior or debased thing (rare).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > baseness > [noun]

shendfulness?c1225

vilety?c1225

vilehead1340

wretchedness1389

caitifness1393

caitifhedea1400

caitiftya1400

unnoblenessc1400

unnobilitya1425

unnobletya1425

vilitya1425

vileness1526

lousiness1530

infamya1535

baseness1548

vildness1597

shabbiness1711

piggery1854

1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. Pref. sig. a.iiii.^v I am so certaine, the excellence of hys actes, and the basenes of my braine to be so far at oddes.

1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. vi. 159 As she seeth cause by the goodnesse or basenesse of the hops.

1581 Compendious Exam. Certayne Ordinary Complaints i. f. 11 That basenesse of our English Coyne.

1621 Let. 12 Aug. in S. M. Kingsbury Rec. Virginia Company (1933) III. 494 There was returned 66li of Tobacco only and that of the worst and basest, so that fraight and shrinkage reconed together wth the basenes of the Commoditie, there was not on half returned.

1673 M. Locke Present Pract. Musick 73 Let him but wear them a little in the wind, and he'l soon discover the baseness of their Metal.

a1725 J. Swift in Drapier's Lett. (1941) 125 We alledged..the baseness of his metal.

1768 M. Combrune Enq. into Prices of Wheat i. vi. 30 The baseness of the coin, which in the year 1552 was three fourths allay.

1800 Proc. Old Bailey 28 May 313/2 The baseness of the metal is too evident in the colour of it.

1851 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. i. 32 The world is so widely encumbered with forgeries and basenesses.

1917 C. G. Hartley Motherhood xv. 347 We, and especially women, accept it [sc. the physical side] as an unavoidable baseness in the grain of Love.

1983 M. Tebbut Making Ends Meet iii. 86 Instruments which while well-tuned enough, were highly burnished to hide the baseness of their metal.

4. Reprehensible cowardice, selfishness, or meanness. Also: †(a) a despicable person (obsolete. rare); (b) a despicable act or trait.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [noun] > baseness or moral vileness

vilety?c1225

villainy?c1225

vilehead1340

caitiftya1400

vilitya1425

ignoblenessc1450

ignobility?a1475

vileness1526

baseness1537

dunghillry1581

base-mindedness1582

vildness1597

beggarya1616

lowness1652

villainya1719

caddishness1868

bounderishness1899

1537 tr. Erasmus Expos. xv. Psalme sig. Eiii^v Christ which onely with out all excepcyon was pure & clene from all blemysshe or spotte. Whose doctryne doth sauer of no vylenes or basenes, but as it dyd come from heuen euen so doth it vtter & speke heuenly thynges.

1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor ii. ii. 21 You stand vpon your honor..thou vnconfinable basenesse.

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre v. xv. 255 Souldiers count it basenesse to be thriftie of their own healths.

1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium I. ii. ii. 295 But this was the product of their idolatry and some other basenesses.

a1722 J. Toland Coll. Several Pieces (1726) II. 209 When we produce any examples of worth or baseness, they shall be commonly out of antient or foreign History.

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. iii. 28 I acquit him of the baseness of selling commissions.

1806 R. B. Sheridan Let. Mar. (1966) 268 I feel it would be a baseness in me not to assert my confidence that no mark of Irish favour conferred on me or any of my family would be unpopular in Ireland.

1858 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem I. lxxii. 240 Having no basenesses of his own to prosecute, and therefore under no temptation to pander to the basenesses of other people.

1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience 337 The basenesses so commonly charged to religion's account are thus, almost all of them, not chargeable at all to religion proper, but rather to religion's wicked practical partner, the spirit of corporate dominion.

1934 Times 21 Nov. 16/4 Private traffic in armaments was not the cause of war, but was a symbol of the baseness, hypocrisy, and humbug by which war was fostered and promoted.

1963 F. Swinnerton Figures in Foreground (1970) xix. 227 It was an order in which the members, having in boyhood or girlhood assumed what Leonard Woolf calls ‘a carapace’ or self-protective outer shell, and having practised ever since the basenesses and corruptions of the smart set, were in decay.

1982 E. Simpson Poets in their Youth ii. 208 We see in the baseness of his character, as well as in the goodness, our own double natures.

2009 A. Suter in T. Fögen Tears in Graeco-Roman World 72 In the Hecuba, Polymestor's false tears underline his cruelty and baseness.

5. Low birth or rank, membership of a lower social class; lowly or mean estate. Also: †a trait or characteristic of low rank (obsolete. rare).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > [noun]

lowness?c1225

unnobleyc1384

noughtc1400

ignoblenessc1450

innoblessea1470

deuce-ace1481

ignobility1483

dunghill1537

vilityc1550

baseness1552

humility1623

non-class1973

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > [noun] > a characteristic of

baseness1552

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Basenes of bloude or ignobilitie.

1571 2nd Tome Homilees (new ed.) 550 As the maiestie of heauenly thinges may by the bacenes of earthly thinges be shadowed.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 35 I once did hold it..A basenesse to write faire.

1616 T. Adams Sacrifice of Thankefulnesse 95 God did euer so strangely qualifie the basenesse of Christ.

1697 K. Chetwood Life Virgil in J. Dryden tr. Virgil Wks. sig. *2 Marc Antony..vex'd him with a great many Libelling Letters, in which he reproaches him with the baseness of his Parentage.

1739 J. Oldmixon Hist. Eng.: Henry VIII 118 Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk,..had always malign'd the Earl of Essex, out of vain Indignation as the baseness of his birth.

1775 J. Macpherson Hist. Great Brit. I. v. 245 He rose from a footboy, or common runner of messages, into a livery servant... To the baseness of his birth he added the lowest depravity of mind.

1803 H. Card Hist. Revol. Russia 25 This menace was accelerated by an insult, which at once mortified his personal vanity, and reflected on the baseness of his birth.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lviii. 84 He mixing with his proper sphere, She finds the baseness of her lot.

1906 V. N. Aiya Travancore State Man. II. 239 Buddha..argued that baseness or elevation of birth was due to Karma.

1981 D. L. Snellgrove Himalayan Pilgrimage (ed. 2) i. 23 By caste they are sarki (‘leather-workers’) and kāmi (‘blacksmiths’), but these are mere labels indicating no more than baseness of birth.

1991 G. A. Test Satire v. 104 Accusations of sexual misconduct, cruelty, drunkenness, greed, and baseness of birth were typical.

6. Illegitimacy of birth, bastardy. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > relationship to parent > [noun] > illegitimacy

bastc1325

bastardy?a1400

bastardryc1425

bastardise1579

base1586

bastardism?1589

illegitimation1595

basenessa1616

bastardliness1647

illegitimateness1648

spuriousness1668

illegitimacy1680

a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) i. ii. 10 Why brand they vs With Base? With basenes Barstadie?

1657 Lusts Dominion v. i. sig. F7 But if he be a bastard, here's his seat, For basenesse has no gall, till it grow great.

1725 J. Strype Ann. Reformation (ed. 2) II. ii. iv. 452 The Pope was to Dispense with them, and to take off the Baseness of their Birth.

1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum at Illegitimateness Unlawfulness, baseness of Birth, spuriousness.

1827 A. Sutherland Tales of Pilgrim (ed. 2) 181 Eric had heard sufficient to inform him..that he was in reality a child of shame. He recalled to mind the scorn with which his playmates..had contemned him for the baseness of his birth.

1839 B. W. Leigh Rep. Court of Appeals Virginia 8 386 A bastard son who had acquired property, and, notwithstanding the baseness of his birth, had raised himself to some consideration in society.

1904 H. S. Williams Historians' Hist. World (1909) IV. l. 259 Attalus, his wife's uncle, took the liberty to reproach Alexander with the baseness of his birth, while the king himself disowned him for his son.

2009 P. A. Kottman Tragic Conditions in Shakespeare iii. 88 We should therefore hear in Edmund's celebrated critique of the difference between legitimacy and baseness not a radical subversion of a firm social division between himself and Edgar.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	baseness
释义	basenessn. Brit. /ˈbeɪsnᵻs/, U.S. /ˈbeɪsnᵻs/ Forms: see base adj. and n.⁶ and -ness suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: base adj., -ness suffix. Etymology: < base adj. + -ness suffix. †I. Senses corresponding to base adj. I. 1. Lowering (in position); depression. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > [noun] > lowering down fellingc1300 strikingc1400 baseness?a1425 revaling?c1475 lowering?1662 demission1663 demission1708 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 103^v Concauite & gret basnez [?c1425 Paris lowenesse; L. bassitudo] in þe shuldre &..bosyng out..in þe armehole. 2. Lack of audibility, lowness of volume; softness or feebleness in sound. Obsolete.For uses relating to depth or pitch of sound see bassness n. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > faintness or weakness > [noun] baseness1610 indistinction1651 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > thing heard > [noun] > sound > quality of sound > pitch > lowness of baseness1610 deepness1626 gravity1669 bassness1880 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Eccles. xii. 4 The baseness of the grinders voice. 1855 J. Brougham Pocahontas ii. i. 24 You'd out-shout the treble baseness of his tenor! II. Senses corresponding to base adj. II. 3. †a. A metal alloyed with less valuable metal. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > alloy with baser metal allay1348 basenessa1475 alloy1689 a1475 Recipe Painting in Archæol. Jrnl. (1844) 1 154 (MED) Take platis of clene coper..but nether pot-bras ne of basenes, for that is latoun. b. Inferior or debased quality. Also: an inferior or debased thing (rare). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > baseness > [noun] shendfulness?c1225 vilety?c1225 vilehead1340 wretchedness1389 caitifness1393 caitifhedea1400 caitiftya1400 unnoblenessc1400 unnobilitya1425 unnobletya1425 vilitya1425 vileness1526 lousiness1530 infamya1535 baseness1548 vildness1597 shabbiness1711 piggery1854 1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. Pref. sig. a.iiii.^v I am so certaine, the excellence of hys actes, and the basenes of my braine to be so far at oddes. 1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. vi. 159 As she seeth cause by the goodnesse or basenesse of the hops. 1581 Compendious Exam. Certayne Ordinary Complaints i. f. 11 That basenesse of our English Coyne. 1621 Let. 12 Aug. in S. M. Kingsbury Rec. Virginia Company (1933) III. 494 There was returned 66li of Tobacco only and that of the worst and basest, so that fraight and shrinkage reconed together wth the basenes of the Commoditie, there was not on half returned. 1673 M. Locke Present Pract. Musick 73 Let him but wear them a little in the wind, and he'l soon discover the baseness of their Metal. a1725 J. Swift in Drapier's Lett. (1941) 125 We alledged..the baseness of his metal. 1768 M. Combrune Enq. into Prices of Wheat i. vi. 30 The baseness of the coin, which in the year 1552 was three fourths allay. 1800 Proc. Old Bailey 28 May 313/2 The baseness of the metal is too evident in the colour of it. 1851 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. i. 32 The world is so widely encumbered with forgeries and basenesses. 1917 C. G. Hartley Motherhood xv. 347 We, and especially women, accept it [sc. the physical side] as an unavoidable baseness in the grain of Love. 1983 M. Tebbut Making Ends Meet iii. 86 Instruments which while well-tuned enough, were highly burnished to hide the baseness of their metal. 4. Reprehensible cowardice, selfishness, or meanness. Also: †(a) a despicable person (obsolete. rare); (b) a despicable act or trait. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [noun] > baseness or moral vileness vilety?c1225 villainy?c1225 vilehead1340 caitiftya1400 vilitya1425 ignoblenessc1450 ignobility?a1475 vileness1526 baseness1537 dunghillry1581 base-mindedness1582 vildness1597 beggarya1616 lowness1652 villainya1719 caddishness1868 bounderishness1899 1537 tr. Erasmus Expos. xv. Psalme sig. Eiii^v Christ which onely with out all excepcyon was pure & clene from all blemysshe or spotte. Whose doctryne doth sauer of no vylenes or basenes, but as it dyd come from heuen euen so doth it vtter & speke heuenly thynges. 1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor ii. ii. 21 You stand vpon your honor..thou vnconfinable basenesse. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre v. xv. 255 Souldiers count it basenesse to be thriftie of their own healths. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium I. ii. ii. 295 But this was the product of their idolatry and some other basenesses. a1722 J. Toland Coll. Several Pieces (1726) II. 209 When we produce any examples of worth or baseness, they shall be commonly out of antient or foreign History. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. iii. 28 I acquit him of the baseness of selling commissions. 1806 R. B. Sheridan Let. Mar. (1966) 268 I feel it would be a baseness in me not to assert my confidence that no mark of Irish favour conferred on me or any of my family would be unpopular in Ireland. 1858 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem I. lxxii. 240 Having no basenesses of his own to prosecute, and therefore under no temptation to pander to the basenesses of other people. 1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience 337 The basenesses so commonly charged to religion's account are thus, almost all of them, not chargeable at all to religion proper, but rather to religion's wicked practical partner, the spirit of corporate dominion. 1934 Times 21 Nov. 16/4 Private traffic in armaments was not the cause of war, but was a symbol of the baseness, hypocrisy, and humbug by which war was fostered and promoted. 1963 F. Swinnerton Figures in Foreground (1970) xix. 227 It was an order in which the members, having in boyhood or girlhood assumed what Leonard Woolf calls ‘a carapace’ or self-protective outer shell, and having practised ever since the basenesses and corruptions of the smart set, were in decay. 1982 E. Simpson Poets in their Youth ii. 208 We see in the baseness of his character, as well as in the goodness, our own double natures. 2009 A. Suter in T. Fögen Tears in Graeco-Roman World 72 In the Hecuba, Polymestor's false tears underline his cruelty and baseness. 5. Low birth or rank, membership of a lower social class; lowly or mean estate. Also: †a trait or characteristic of low rank (obsolete. rare). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > [noun] lowness?c1225 unnobleyc1384 noughtc1400 ignoblenessc1450 innoblessea1470 deuce-ace1481 ignobility1483 dunghill1537 vilityc1550 baseness1552 humility1623 non-class1973 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > [noun] > a characteristic of baseness1552 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Basenes of bloude or ignobilitie. 1571 2nd Tome Homilees (new ed.) 550 As the maiestie of heauenly thinges may by the bacenes of earthly thinges be shadowed. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 35 I once did hold it..A basenesse to write faire. View more context for this quotation 1616 T. Adams Sacrifice of Thankefulnesse 95 God did euer so strangely qualifie the basenesse of Christ. 1697 K. Chetwood Life Virgil in J. Dryden tr. Virgil Wks. sig. 2 Marc Antony..vex'd him with a great many Libelling Letters, in which he reproaches him with the baseness of his Parentage. 1739 J. Oldmixon Hist. Eng.: Henry VIII* 118 Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk,..had always malign'd the Earl of Essex, out of vain Indignation as the baseness of his birth. 1775 J. Macpherson Hist. Great Brit. I. v. 245 He rose from a footboy, or common runner of messages, into a livery servant... To the baseness of his birth he added the lowest depravity of mind. 1803 H. Card Hist. Revol. Russia 25 This menace was accelerated by an insult, which at once mortified his personal vanity, and reflected on the baseness of his birth. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lviii. 84 He mixing with his proper sphere, She finds the baseness of her lot. View more context for this quotation 1906 V. N. Aiya Travancore State Man. II. 239 Buddha..argued that baseness or elevation of birth was due to Karma. 1981 D. L. Snellgrove Himalayan Pilgrimage (ed. 2) i. 23 By caste they are sarki (‘leather-workers’) and kāmi (‘blacksmiths’), but these are mere labels indicating no more than baseness of birth. 1991 G. A. Test Satire v. 104 Accusations of sexual misconduct, cruelty, drunkenness, greed, and baseness of birth were typical. 6. Illegitimacy of birth, bastardy. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > relationship to parent > [noun] > illegitimacy bastc1325 bastardy?a1400 bastardryc1425 bastardise1579 base1586 bastardism?1589 illegitimation1595 basenessa1616 bastardliness1647 illegitimateness1648 spuriousness1668 illegitimacy1680 a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) i. ii. 10 Why brand they vs With Base? With basenes Barstadie? 1657 Lusts Dominion v. i. sig. F7 But if he be a bastard, here's his seat, For basenesse has no gall, till it grow great. 1725 J. Strype Ann. Reformation (ed. 2) II. ii. iv. 452 The Pope was to Dispense with them, and to take off the Baseness of their Birth. 1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum at Illegitimateness Unlawfulness, baseness of Birth, spuriousness. 1827 A. Sutherland Tales of Pilgrim (ed. 2) 181 Eric had heard sufficient to inform him..that he was in reality a child of shame. He recalled to mind the scorn with which his playmates..had contemned him for the baseness of his birth. 1839 B. W. Leigh Rep. Court of Appeals Virginia 8 386 A bastard son who had acquired property, and, notwithstanding the baseness of his birth, had raised himself to some consideration in society. 1904 H. S. Williams Historians' Hist. World (1909) IV. l. 259 Attalus, his wife's uncle, took the liberty to reproach Alexander with the baseness of his birth, while the king himself disowned him for his son. 2009 P. A. Kottman Tragic Conditions in Shakespeare iii. 88 We should therefore hear in Edmund's celebrated critique of the difference between legitimacy and baseness not a radical subversion of a firm social division between himself and Edgar. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.?a1425
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