† olivern.¹

Forms: Middle English oliuer, Middle English olyuer, Middle English olyver, Middle English olyvere, Middle English 1700s oliver.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French oliver; Latin oliverium.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French oliver olive tree (late 10th cent.; compare also Old French, Middle French, French olivier (c1150)) or its probable etymon post-classical Latin oliverium olive tree (10th cent.; also olivarius (early 11th cent.)) < classical Latin olīvārius of or relating to an olive (see olivary n. and adj.). Compare Spanish olivar olive grove (1374).

Obsolete.

= olive n.¹ 1a. Also attributive in oliver wood.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > trees or plants bearing stone fruit > olive tree

olivea1200

olive treec1350

oliverc1375

olive plant?1440

c1375 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 3226 And they brende..alle hire olyueris and vynes eke.

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 5776 And founden appel-trowes, and fygeres, Peryes, cypres, and olyuers.

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 1314 Thanne hadde I will to gon..and loken on these faire loreyes, On pyntrees, cedres, and Oliueris.

a1798 T. Pennant Tour on Continent (1948) 54 My friend..made me a present of a snuffbox of oliver wood neatly turned by one of the monks.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

Olivern.²

Brit.

/ˈɒlᵻvə/, U.S.

/ˈɑləvər/

Forms: 1500s Olyuere, 1500s–1600s Oliuer, 1600s– Oliver.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Oliver.

Etymology: < the name of Oliver, the comrade of Roland in the Chanson de Roland (see below). Compare Roland n.Attested as a forename in English documents from 1086 onwards (earliest in Latin form Oliverus ), and as a surname from the beginning of the 13th cent.; the French forename Olivier is first attested in 1011. Presumably ultimately of Germanic origin, and unrelated to Old French oliver , olivier olive tree (see oliver n.¹).

Used allusively and always in conjunction with Roland with reference to the two comrades of the Chanson de Roland, who having previously fought each other in single combat in which neither won, were regarded as unbeatable together. Hence: a person comparable to Oliver in respect of courage or warlike deeds; something that is an equal match for another thing. See Roland n.(to give) a Roland for an Oliver: see Roland n. Phrases.

ΚΠ

c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) 84 (MED) Roulond &..oliuer, Kniȝtes holden wiþouten peer.

c1450 (c1370) G. Chaucer A.B.C. 1122 The false Genelloun..purchased the tresoun Of Rowland and of Olyver.]

1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. lxxx. [lxxvi.] 239 They were suche men that there were a iii. M. of them euery man worth a Rowlande or an Olyuere.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxlvj^v To haue a Rowland to resist an Oliuer: he sent solempne Ambassadors to the kyng of Englande, offeryng hym his doughter in mariage.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. iii. 9 England all Oliuers and Rowlands breed, During the time Edward the third did raigne.

1664 T. Killigrew 2nd Pt. Thomaso iv. xi, in Comedies & Trag. 442 Breed him a Cavalier, that he may fight with the Palmerines, Olivers, and the Rolands of the Age, for the Legislative Lady.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 204 There was some laughter..when, as Henry Smith termed it, they saw their Oliver meet with a Rowland.

1873 R. Black tr. F. Guizot Hist. France II. xx. 289 One of the French was slain, but the rest did not slacken the fight one whit, and they bore themselves as valiantly all as if they had all been Rolands and Olivers.

1915 D. Marquis Dreams & Dust 136 Paladins, Paladins, Rolands flame-hearted, Olivers, Olivers, follow the bugles!

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Olivern.³

Origin: Apparently from a proper name. Etymon: proper name Oliver.

Etymology: Apparently < the male forename Oliver (see Oliver n.²).Considered by some to allude derisively to Oliver Cromwell (see Cromwellian adj. and n.); compare Oliver's skull a chamber pot, attested from the late 17th to the late 19th cent. (see further P. Beale Partridge's Dict. Slang (ed. 8, 1984) 828/1). However, perhaps arising simply from a desire to give an appropriate name to the Man in the Moon from the resemblance of the full moon to the letter O randomly associated with the common male forename. O.E.D.Suppl. (1982) gives the pronunciation as (ǫ·livəɹ) /ˈɒlɪvə(r)/.

slang (now rare).

The moon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > moon > [noun]

moonOE

Diana1398

Hecatec1420

lady of the night1480

luna?1499

Lucina?1504

Phoebe1600

queen of the night?1610

mother of months1613

noctiluca1623

Cynthia1645

Oliver?1747

star-queen1818

Paddy's lantern1834

parish lantern1847

night-sun1855

?1747 Key to Flash Dialogue in Life & Char. Moll King 24 Oliver wheedles, the Moon shines.

1753 Discov. J. Poulter (ed. 2) 40 'Tis a rum Darky, and Oliver shows; 'tis a good Night and the Moon shines.

1781 G. Parker View Society & Manners II. 133 About Darkey [i.e. twilight], or when Oliver don't widdle [Note The Moon not up].

1834 W. H. Ainsworth Rookwood II. iii. v. 360 Now Oliver puts his black nightcap on,..And every star its glim is hiding.

1834 W. H. Ainsworth Rookwood III. iv. v. 284 Oliver whiddles!—who cares—who cares..If down upon us he peers and stares?.. Mind him who will? with his great white face,..Boldly I'll ride by his glim to the chase.

1870 R. F. Burton Vikram & Vampire v. 171 But, look sharp, mind old Oliver, or the lamb-skin man will have the pull of us.

1882 Sydney Slang Dict. 6/2 Oliver, the moon. ‘When Oliver looks pale,’ when the moon is waning.

1895 New Rev. July 7 ‘There's a moon out.’ ‘The better for us to pick 'em off, Dan,’ I returned, laughing at him. ‘What—Oliver? damn Oliver!’ said Zacchary. ‘Let's push forward and come to quarters.’

1923 N.Y. Times 9 Sept. x 2/2 Oliver, the moon.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

olivern.⁴

Brit.

/ˈɒlᵻvə/, U.S.

/ˈɑləvər/

Forms: also with capital initial.

Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: French olyver.

Etymology: Apparently the reflex of a borrowing < Anglo-Norman olyver (probably) forge-hammer (1352), of uncertain origin; perhaps a transferred use of Anglo-Norman oliver olive-press (see oliver current adv.).A device of this type is first described in detail (but not given a name) by R. Plot in the late 17th cent.:1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. ix. 390 A large Sledg..set in an Axis of wood, from whence goes a rodd of Iron fastned to a pallet, that reaches out a little beyond the Anvil, which being drawn by the foot of the Smith..is returned again by three springs of holly, that clasp the Axis the contrary way. This mention of ‘springs of holly’, together with the alternative name holliper (see quot. 1883 at main sense), has suggested to some a fanciful derivation from holly n. Descriptions of a similar device are made by Ralph Thoresby (1702) and Arthur Young (1770), but once again without giving it any particular name; see further R. Jenkins ‘The Oliver’ in Engineer (1931) 23 Oct. 434–5.

A tilt hammer having the arm or handle attached to an axle, worked with the foot by a treadle which brings the hammer down, and with a spring which raises it, used esp. in the shaping of nails, bolts, or links of chains.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > forging equipment > forge-hammer

tilt-hammer1773

trip-hammer1781

forge-hammer1815

skelper1831

tilt1831

oliver1846

set-hammer1855

helve-hammer1858

striker1869

belly-helve1881

society > occupation and work > equipment > driving or beating tools > [noun] > hammer > mechanical and power hammers > types of

tilt-hammer1773

trip-hammer1781

tilt1831

Nasmyth1845

oliver1846

helve-hammer1858

striker1869

belly-helve1881

chipping hammer1988

1846 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. II. 962 The Oliver, or small lift hammer..was used when the author first saw it, in making long stout nails, intended for fixing the tires of wheels.

1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 257 The iron pins are..stamped upon olivers, in much the same manner as described for stamping with dies.

1883 W. J. E. Crane Smithy & Forge (1885) 30 The ‘Oliver’ or ‘Holliper’ consists of a top and bottom swage united by a spring.

1896 Cyclist 8 Jan. 26/2 The brazers' and smiths' hearths..By them are the steam olivers and stamping presses.

1931 Engineer 23 Oct. 434/3 The treadle hammer known as the ‘oliver’ is still to be seen at work in the domestic nail forges of South Staffordshire, and is generally considered to be of great antiquity in that trade.

1943 H. J. Massingham Men of Earth vi. 97 It [sc. the machinery of a scythe-mill] was a machine (called an ‘Oliver’) differing only in one respect from the most elaborate of modern machines.

Derivatives

† oliverman n. Obsolete a person who operates an oliver.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > forger or smith > type of forger or smith

jobsmith1828

tilter1829

oliverman?1881

?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 97/2 Bolt Making:..Oliver Man (a tilt Hammer).

1883 B'ham Daily Post 11 Oct. 3/4 (advt.) Oliverman Wanted, at once, used to small Coach Bolts.

1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §190 Oliver assistant..; an assistant to an Oliver man..who heats up bars, rods, etc..., and passes them to Oliver man, and then helps him to stamp out die forging on Oliver machine... Oliver man, Oliver smith; a drop forger..who operates a special forging stamp called an ‘Oliver’... Sometimes specifically designated, e.g. horse nail Oliver man.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹c1375

n.²1525

n.³?1747

n.⁴1846

单词	oliver
释义	† olivern.¹ Forms: Middle English oliuer, Middle English olyuer, Middle English olyver, Middle English olyvere, Middle English 1700s oliver. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French oliver; Latin oliverium. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French oliver olive tree (late 10th cent.; compare also Old French, Middle French, French olivier (c1150)) or its probable etymon post-classical Latin oliverium olive tree (10th cent.; also olivarius (early 11th cent.)) < classical Latin olīvārius of or relating to an olive (see olivary n. and adj.). Compare Spanish olivar olive grove (1374). Obsolete. = olive n.¹ 1a. Also attributive in oliver wood. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > trees or plants bearing stone fruit > olive tree olivea1200 olive treec1350 oliverc1375 olive plant?1440 c1375 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 3226 And they brende..alle hire olyueris and vynes eke. c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 5776 And founden appel-trowes, and fygeres, Peryes, cypres, and olyuers. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 1314 Thanne hadde I will to gon..and loken on these faire loreyes, On pyntrees, cedres, and Oliueris. a1798 T. Pennant Tour on Continent (1948) 54 My friend..made me a present of a snuffbox of oliver wood neatly turned by one of the monks. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2020). Olivern.² Brit. /ˈɒlᵻvə/, U.S. /ˈɑləvər/ Forms: 1500s Olyuere, 1500s–1600s Oliuer, 1600s– Oliver. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Oliver. Etymology: < the name of Oliver, the comrade of Roland in the Chanson de Roland (see below). Compare Roland n.Attested as a forename in English documents from 1086 onwards (earliest in Latin form Oliverus ), and as a surname from the beginning of the 13th cent.; the French forename Olivier is first attested in 1011. Presumably ultimately of Germanic origin, and unrelated to Old French oliver , olivier olive tree (see oliver n.¹). Used allusively and always in conjunction with Roland with reference to the two comrades of the Chanson de Roland, who having previously fought each other in single combat in which neither won, were regarded as unbeatable together. Hence: a person comparable to Oliver in respect of courage or warlike deeds; something that is an equal match for another thing. See Roland n.(to give) a Roland for an Oliver: see Roland n. Phrases. ΚΠ c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) 84 (MED) Roulond &..oliuer, Kniȝtes holden wiþouten peer. c1450 (c1370) G. Chaucer A.B.C. 1122 The false Genelloun..purchased the tresoun Of Rowland and of Olyver.] 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. lxxx. [lxxvi.] 239 They were suche men that there were a iii. M. of them euery man worth a Rowlande or an Olyuere. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxlvj^v To haue a Rowland to resist an Oliuer: he sent solempne Ambassadors to the kyng of Englande, offeryng hym his doughter in mariage. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. iii. 9 England all Oliuers and Rowlands breed, During the time Edward the third did raigne. View more context for this quotation 1664 T. Killigrew 2nd Pt. Thomaso iv. xi, in Comedies & Trag. 442 Breed him a Cavalier, that he may fight with the Palmerines, Olivers, and the Rolands of the Age, for the Legislative Lady. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 204 There was some laughter..when, as Henry Smith termed it, they saw their Oliver meet with a Rowland. 1873 R. Black tr. F. Guizot Hist. France II. xx. 289 One of the French was slain, but the rest did not slacken the fight one whit, and they bore themselves as valiantly all as if they had all been Rolands and Olivers. 1915 D. Marquis Dreams & Dust 136 Paladins, Paladins, Rolands flame-hearted, Olivers, Olivers, follow the bugles! This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Olivern.³ Origin: Apparently from a proper name. Etymon: proper name Oliver. Etymology: Apparently < the male forename Oliver (see Oliver n.²).Considered by some to allude derisively to Oliver Cromwell (see Cromwellian adj. and n.); compare Oliver's skull a chamber pot, attested from the late 17th to the late 19th cent. (see further P. Beale Partridge's Dict. Slang (ed. 8, 1984) 828/1). However, perhaps arising simply from a desire to give an appropriate name to the Man in the Moon from the resemblance of the full moon to the letter O randomly associated with the common male forename. O.E.D.Suppl. (1982) gives the pronunciation as (ǫ·livəɹ) /ˈɒlɪvə(r)/. slang (now rare). The moon. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > moon > [noun] moonOE Diana1398 Hecatec1420 lady of the night1480 luna?1499 Lucina?1504 Phoebe1600 queen of the night?1610 mother of months1613 noctiluca1623 Cynthia1645 Oliver?1747 star-queen1818 Paddy's lantern1834 parish lantern1847 night-sun1855 ?1747 Key to Flash Dialogue in Life & Char. Moll King 24 Oliver wheedles, the Moon shines. 1753 Discov. J. Poulter (ed. 2) 40 'Tis a rum Darky, and Oliver shows; 'tis a good Night and the Moon shines. 1781 G. Parker View Society & Manners II. 133 About Darkey [i.e. twilight], or when Oliver don't widdle [Note The Moon not up]. 1834 W. H. Ainsworth Rookwood II. iii. v. 360 Now Oliver puts his black nightcap on,..And every star its glim is hiding. 1834 W. H. Ainsworth Rookwood III. iv. v. 284 Oliver whiddles!—who cares—who cares..If down upon us he peers and stares?.. Mind him who will? with his great white face,..Boldly I'll ride by his glim to the chase. 1870 R. F. Burton Vikram & Vampire v. 171 But, look sharp, mind old Oliver, or the lamb-skin man will have the pull of us. 1882 Sydney Slang Dict. 6/2 Oliver, the moon. ‘When Oliver looks pale,’ when the moon is waning. 1895 New Rev. July 7 ‘There's a moon out.’ ‘The better for us to pick 'em off, Dan,’ I returned, laughing at him. ‘What—Oliver? damn Oliver!’ said Zacchary. ‘Let's push forward and come to quarters.’ 1923 N.Y. Times 9 Sept. x 2/2 Oliver, the moon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online September 2021). olivern.⁴ Brit. /ˈɒlᵻvə/, U.S. /ˈɑləvər/ Forms: also with capital initial. Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: French olyver. Etymology: Apparently the reflex of a borrowing < Anglo-Norman olyver (probably) forge-hammer (1352), of uncertain origin; perhaps a transferred use of Anglo-Norman oliver olive-press (see oliver current adv.).A device of this type is first described in detail (but not given a name) by R. Plot in the late 17th cent.:1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. ix. 390 A large Sledg..set in an Axis of wood, from whence goes a rodd of Iron fastned to a pallet, that reaches out a little beyond the Anvil, which being drawn by the foot of the Smith..is returned again by three springs of holly, that clasp the Axis the contrary way. This mention of ‘springs of holly’, together with the alternative name holliper (see quot. 1883 at main sense), has suggested to some a fanciful derivation from holly n. Descriptions of a similar device are made by Ralph Thoresby (1702) and Arthur Young (1770), but once again without giving it any particular name; see further R. Jenkins ‘The Oliver’ in Engineer (1931) 23 Oct. 434–5. A tilt hammer having the arm or handle attached to an axle, worked with the foot by a treadle which brings the hammer down, and with a spring which raises it, used esp. in the shaping of nails, bolts, or links of chains. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > forging equipment > forge-hammer tilt-hammer1773 trip-hammer1781 forge-hammer1815 skelper1831 tilt1831 oliver1846 set-hammer1855 helve-hammer1858 striker1869 belly-helve1881 society > occupation and work > equipment > driving or beating tools > [noun] > hammer > mechanical and power hammers > types of tilt-hammer1773 trip-hammer1781 tilt1831 Nasmyth1845 oliver1846 helve-hammer1858 striker1869 belly-helve1881 chipping hammer1988 1846 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. II. 962 The Oliver, or small lift hammer..was used when the author first saw it, in making long stout nails, intended for fixing the tires of wheels. 1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 257 The iron pins are..stamped upon olivers, in much the same manner as described for stamping with dies. 1883 W. J. E. Crane Smithy & Forge (1885) 30 The ‘Oliver’ or ‘Holliper’ consists of a top and bottom swage united by a spring. 1896 Cyclist 8 Jan. 26/2 The brazers' and smiths' hearths..By them are the steam olivers and stamping presses. 1931 Engineer 23 Oct. 434/3 The treadle hammer known as the ‘oliver’ is still to be seen at work in the domestic nail forges of South Staffordshire, and is generally considered to be of great antiquity in that trade. 1943 H. J. Massingham Men of Earth vi. 97 It [sc. the machinery of a scythe-mill] was a machine (called an ‘Oliver’) differing only in one respect from the most elaborate of modern machines. Derivatives † oliverman n. Obsolete a person who operates an oliver. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > forger or smith > type of forger or smith jobsmith1828 tilter1829 oliverman?1881 ?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 97/2 Bolt Making:..Oliver Man (a tilt Hammer). 1883 B'ham Daily Post 11 Oct. 3/4 (advt.) Oliverman Wanted, at once, used to small Coach Bolts. 1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §190 Oliver assistant..; an assistant to an Oliver man..who heats up bars, rods, etc..., and passes them to Oliver man, and then helps him to stamp out die forging on Oliver machine... Oliver man, Oliver smith; a drop forger..who operates a special forging stamp called an ‘Oliver’... Sometimes specifically designated, e.g. horse nail Oliver man. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c1375n.²1525n.³?1747n.⁴1846
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† olivern.1

Olivern.2

Olivern.3

olivern.4

Derivatives

† olivern.¹

Olivern.²

Olivern.³

olivern.⁴