oldenadj.

Brit.

/ˈəʊld(ə)n/, U.S.

/ˈoʊld(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English holden, Middle English holdon, Middle English oldyn, Middle English– olden, 1800s aulden (Scottish).

Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: old adj.

Etymology: Probably originally an inflected form of old adj., although subsequently perhaps understood as showing old n.² + -en suffix⁴.Phrases similar to olden days were common in both Old and Middle English. Old English had the phrase (on) ealdum dagum (compare old adj. 9a), with dative plural ending -um . In Middle English, such phrases often preserved archaic forms. For example, from early Middle English onwards the phrase (bi) olde dawe is attested, where the noun has an archaic plural form (compare γ forms at day n.), but the adjective has the regular marked -e form. In late Middle English (bi) olden dawes , (in) holdon daw (see quots. a1400 and c1426), archaic forms of the plural noun persist (day usually having a regular plural form elsewhere in both texts), suggesting that the phrase had become a fixed formula. Their -en element could conceivably be the reflex of the Old English dative plural ending -um, accidentally not attested during the intervening period (although -en is very occasionally found as a plural inflection of this word in other senses in early Middle English); but an alternative explanation, possibly more consistent with the non-attestation of -en forms earlier, would be that the trisyllabic structure of the fixed phrasal unit was preserved by means of the replacement of unstressed -e (normally lost in this position) by -en (protected in medial position before a homorganic consonant). From fixed phrases like in olden days the word was perhaps generalized in early modern English to other contexts.

Now chiefly literary.

Originally and chiefly in olden days, olden time(s). Belonging to a past age or time; ancient, old; (also) aged.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [adjective] > ancient or of early origin

oldeOE

olden daysa1400

for-oldc1400

ancient1475

(as) old as Adama1599

antiquary1599

high1601

primal1604

hoary1609

grandeval1650

Noachal1661

patriarchal1806

(as) old as the hills1819

world-old1837

eld1854

age-old1860

far-back1869

Noachian1874

pornial1883

the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [adjective] > old (of beings, etc.)

oldeOE

winteredeOE

oldlyOE

over-oldOE

eldernc1175

at-oldc1200

stricken on, in age, in eldec1380

oldlya1382

(well, far, etc.) stepped in age, in or into yearsc1386

ancientc1400

aged1420

well-agedc1450

ripec1480

passing oldc1485

(well) shot in years1530

old aged1535

agey1547

Ogygian1567

strucken1576

oldish1580

stricken in yearsa1586

declined1591

far1591

struck1597

Nestorian1605

overripe1605

elderly1611

eld1619

antiquated1631

enaged1631

thorough-old1639

emerita1643

grandevous1647

magnaevous1727

badgerly1753

(as) old as the hills1819

olden days1823

crusted1833

long in the tooth1841

oldened1854

mature1867

over the hill1950

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 18100 (MED) Now com my sawes Þat I seide bi olden dawes.

1401 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/279/1) m. 1 Mesuagium vocatum the Oldyn.

a1425 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Borthwick Add. 196) (1960) A. xi. 303 (MED) Holden [c1400 Trin. Cambr. austyn þe olde].

c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 20 Þe goodys of hole cherche..Þat oþer han ȝeuen in holdon daw.

1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas (Arb.) 58 In olden dayes, good kings..Contented were, with pompes of little pryce.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. iv. 74 Blood hath bene shed ere now, i' th' olden time .

1682 S. Speed Gigantomaxia 5 A Town it has, which Fiends Inchant, Where Brideled Furies Roar and Rant, In olden times, hight Troynovant, But now 'tis London Stiled.

1768 D. Garrick in False Delicacy Epil. In olden times your grannams unrefin'd, Ty'd up the tongue, put padlocks on the mind.

1791–2 W. Wordsworth Descr. Sketches 147 There an old man an olden measure scanned On a rude viol.

1816 W. Scott Tales my Landlord 1st Ser. Introd. A young person..who delighted in the collection of olden tales and legends.

1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XII xliii. 26 Olden she was—but had been very young.

1866 J. Smith Poems 205 Wi' pith o' aulden days, Sing loudly [etc.].

1904 J. Conrad Nostromo i. i. 2 Many adventurers of olden time had perished.

1970 M. McLuhan Let. 30 Apr. (1987) 405 The elderly love to recall and the children love to hear about the ‘olden times’.

1995 M. Amis Information (1996) 434 All he could see was a single sandy suede shoe..: the olden hushpuppy of R.C. Squires.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

oldenv.

Brit.

/ˈəʊld(ə)n/, U.S.

/ˈoʊld(ə)n/

Forms: see old adj. and -en suffix⁵.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: old adj., -en suffix⁵.

Etymology: < old adj. + -en suffix⁵. Compare earlier old v.

1. intransitive. To grow old, to become older in appearance or character, to age.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > be or seem old [verb (intransitive)] > grow old

oldeOE

eldc1175

to fall in (also to) agea1398

forlive1398

hoara1420

runa1425

age1440

veterate1623

senesce1656

olden1700

wane1821

to get on in years1822

senilize1841

1700 S. Cobb Poetæ Britannici 21 Long he possest th' Hereditary Plains, Belov'd by all the Hersdmen, and the Swains, Till he resign'd his Flock, opprest with fears, And olden'd in his woe, as well as fears.

1827 J. Frampton Let. 16 June in M. Frampton Jrnl. (1885) 329 Her face is oldened and more sallow.

1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xviii. 154 In six weeks he oldened more than he had done for fifteen years before.

1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. ix. 202 She had oldened..as people do who suffer silently great mental pain.

1889 J. Nicholson Folk-speech E. Yorks. 89 He's awdened a vast leeatly.

1928 T. Hardy Winter Words 137 They moved among the obscurely great Of an order that had no novelty. And oldening—neither with blame nor praise—Their stately lives begot no stir.

1963 A. Ginsberg Coll. Poems (1984) 304 I olden My hair a year long My thirtyeight birthday approaching.

1994 Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, Va.) (Nexis) 1 May g1 As Lucy approaches 100, she announces to nobody's surprise that she is ‘oldening up’.

2. transitive. To cause to grow old, to make older in appearance or character. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > make old [verb (transitive)]

eldc1400

age1530

enage1593

autumn1661

senilize1841

olden1850

1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xiv. 137 It was curious how emotion seemed to olden him.

1863 Denise II. 188 When oldened by sorrow he might feel the deep spell that Denise possessed.

1887 Littell's Living Age 26 Nov. 468/2 ‘Richard,’ she said, ‘how oldened you are!’ ‘You have oldened me.’

Derivatives

ˈoldened adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [adjective] > old (of beings, etc.)

oldeOE

winteredeOE

oldlyOE

over-oldOE

eldernc1175

at-oldc1200

stricken on, in age, in eldec1380

oldlya1382

(well, far, etc.) stepped in age, in or into yearsc1386

ancientc1400

aged1420

well-agedc1450

ripec1480

passing oldc1485

(well) shot in years1530

old aged1535

agey1547

Ogygian1567

strucken1576

oldish1580

stricken in yearsa1586

declined1591

far1591

struck1597

Nestorian1605

overripe1605

elderly1611

eld1619

antiquated1631

enaged1631

thorough-old1639

emerita1643

grandevous1647

magnaevous1727

badgerly1753

(as) old as the hills1819

olden days1823

crusted1833

long in the tooth1841

oldened1854

mature1867

over the hill1950

1854 W. M. Thackeray Let. 17 Oct. (1946) III. 394 I saw Burghersh..yesterday, such a noble young man looking oldened since the last battle.

1892 Temple Bar Dec. 580 Her friend's oldened and altered looks.

ˈoldening adj. and n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [adjective] > growing old

western1615

veterascent1642

senescent1656

not so (or as) young as one was (or used to be)1747

oldening1865

eldering1876

waning1895

1865 Atlantic Monthly Jan. 41/2 Their gorgeousness of autumn foliage, and their relation to the oldening year.

1876 A. D. Whitney Sights & Insights II. xxiv. 525 It was the joy of oldening years.

1882 Harper's Mag. Jan. 239/2 He remarked farther, and with alarm, a growing sadness upon her face, a stooping in her figure, and a general oldening.

1997 New Pittsburgh Courier (Nexis) 27 Aug. 1 Western Pennsylvania is undergoing an ‘oldening’ process because many young people leave the area in search of better employment opportunities.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	olden
释义	oldenadj. Brit. /ˈəʊld(ə)n/, U.S. /ˈoʊld(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English holden, Middle English holdon, Middle English oldyn, Middle English– olden, 1800s aulden (Scottish). Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: old adj. Etymology: Probably originally an inflected form of old adj., although subsequently perhaps understood as showing old n.² + -en suffix⁴.Phrases similar to olden days were common in both Old and Middle English. Old English had the phrase (on) ealdum dagum (compare old adj. 9a), with dative plural ending -um . In Middle English, such phrases often preserved archaic forms. For example, from early Middle English onwards the phrase (bi) olde dawe is attested, where the noun has an archaic plural form (compare γ forms at day n.), but the adjective has the regular marked -e form. In late Middle English (bi) olden dawes , (in) holdon daw (see quots. a1400 and c1426), archaic forms of the plural noun persist (day usually having a regular plural form elsewhere in both texts), suggesting that the phrase had become a fixed formula. Their -en element could conceivably be the reflex of the Old English dative plural ending -um, accidentally not attested during the intervening period (although -en is very occasionally found as a plural inflection of this word in other senses in early Middle English); but an alternative explanation, possibly more consistent with the non-attestation of -en forms earlier, would be that the trisyllabic structure of the fixed phrasal unit was preserved by means of the replacement of unstressed -e (normally lost in this position) by -en (protected in medial position before a homorganic consonant). From fixed phrases like in olden days the word was perhaps generalized in early modern English to other contexts. Now chiefly literary. Originally and chiefly in olden days, olden time(s). Belonging to a past age or time; ancient, old; (also) aged. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [adjective] > ancient or of early origin oldeOE olden daysa1400 for-oldc1400 ancient1475 (as) old as Adama1599 antiquary1599 high1601 primal1604 hoary1609 grandeval1650 Noachal1661 patriarchal1806 (as) old as the hills1819 world-old1837 eld1854 age-old1860 far-back1869 Noachian1874 pornial1883 the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [adjective] > old (of beings, etc.) oldeOE winteredeOE oldlyOE over-oldOE eldernc1175 at-oldc1200 stricken on, in age, in eldec1380 oldlya1382 (well, far, etc.) stepped in age, in or into yearsc1386 ancientc1400 aged1420 well-agedc1450 ripec1480 passing oldc1485 (well) shot in years1530 old aged1535 agey1547 Ogygian1567 strucken1576 oldish1580 stricken in yearsa1586 declined1591 far1591 struck1597 Nestorian1605 overripe1605 elderly1611 eld1619 antiquated1631 enaged1631 thorough-old1639 emerita1643 grandevous1647 magnaevous1727 badgerly1753 (as) old as the hills1819 olden days1823 crusted1833 long in the tooth1841 oldened1854 mature1867 over the hill1950 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 18100 (MED) Now com my sawes Þat I seide bi olden dawes. 1401 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/279/1) m. 1 Mesuagium vocatum the Oldyn. a1425 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Borthwick Add. 196) (1960) A. xi. 303 (MED) Holden [c1400 Trin. Cambr. austyn þe olde]. c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 20 Þe goodys of hole cherche..Þat oþer han ȝeuen in holdon daw. 1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas (Arb.) 58 In olden dayes, good kings..Contented were, with pompes of little pryce. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. iv. 74 Blood hath bene shed ere now, i' th' olden time . View more context for this quotation 1682 S. Speed Gigantomaxia 5 A Town it has, which Fiends Inchant, Where Brideled Furies Roar and Rant, In olden times, hight Troynovant, But now 'tis London Stiled. 1768 D. Garrick in False Delicacy Epil. In olden times your grannams unrefin'd, Ty'd up the tongue, put padlocks on the mind. 1791–2 W. Wordsworth Descr. Sketches 147 There an old man an olden measure scanned On a rude viol. 1816 W. Scott Tales my Landlord 1st Ser. Introd. A young person..who delighted in the collection of olden tales and legends. 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XII xliii. 26 Olden she was—but had been very young. 1866 J. Smith Poems 205 Wi' pith o' aulden days, Sing loudly [etc.]. 1904 J. Conrad Nostromo i. i. 2 Many adventurers of olden time had perished. 1970 M. McLuhan Let. 30 Apr. (1987) 405 The elderly love to recall and the children love to hear about the ‘olden times’. 1995 M. Amis Information (1996) 434 All he could see was a single sandy suede shoe..: the olden hushpuppy of R.C. Squires. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). oldenv. Brit. /ˈəʊld(ə)n/, U.S. /ˈoʊld(ə)n/ Forms: see old adj. and -en suffix⁵. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: old adj., -en suffix⁵. Etymology: < old adj. + -en suffix⁵. Compare earlier old v. 1. intransitive. To grow old, to become older in appearance or character, to age. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > be or seem old [verb (intransitive)] > grow old oldeOE eldc1175 to fall in (also to) agea1398 forlive1398 hoara1420 runa1425 age1440 veterate1623 senesce1656 olden1700 wane1821 to get on in years1822 senilize1841 1700 S. Cobb Poetæ Britannici 21 Long he possest th' Hereditary Plains, Belov'd by all the Hersdmen, and the Swains, Till he resign'd his Flock, opprest with fears, And olden'd in his woe, as well as fears. 1827 J. Frampton Let. 16 June in M. Frampton Jrnl. (1885) 329 Her face is oldened and more sallow. 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xviii. 154 In six weeks he oldened more than he had done for fifteen years before. 1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. ix. 202 She had oldened..as people do who suffer silently great mental pain. 1889 J. Nicholson Folk-speech E. Yorks. 89 He's awdened a vast leeatly. 1928 T. Hardy Winter Words 137 They moved among the obscurely great Of an order that had no novelty. And oldening—neither with blame nor praise—Their stately lives begot no stir. 1963 A. Ginsberg Coll. Poems (1984) 304 I olden My hair a year long My thirtyeight birthday approaching. 1994 Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, Va.) (Nexis) 1 May g1 As Lucy approaches 100, she announces to nobody's surprise that she is ‘oldening up’. 2. transitive. To cause to grow old, to make older in appearance or character. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > make old [verb (transitive)] eldc1400 age1530 enage1593 autumn1661 senilize1841 olden1850 1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xiv. 137 It was curious how emotion seemed to olden him. 1863 Denise II. 188 When oldened by sorrow he might feel the deep spell that Denise possessed. 1887 Littell's Living Age 26 Nov. 468/2 ‘Richard,’ she said, ‘how oldened you are!’ ‘You have oldened me.’ Derivatives ˈoldened adj. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [adjective] > old (of beings, etc.) oldeOE winteredeOE oldlyOE over-oldOE eldernc1175 at-oldc1200 stricken on, in age, in eldec1380 oldlya1382 (well, far, etc.) stepped in age, in or into yearsc1386 ancientc1400 aged1420 well-agedc1450 ripec1480 passing oldc1485 (well) shot in years1530 old aged1535 agey1547 Ogygian1567 strucken1576 oldish1580 stricken in yearsa1586 declined1591 far1591 struck1597 Nestorian1605 overripe1605 elderly1611 eld1619 antiquated1631 enaged1631 thorough-old1639 emerita1643 grandevous1647 magnaevous1727 badgerly1753 (as) old as the hills1819 olden days1823 crusted1833 long in the tooth1841 oldened1854 mature1867 over the hill1950 1854 W. M. Thackeray Let. 17 Oct. (1946) III. 394 I saw Burghersh..yesterday, such a noble young man looking oldened since the last battle. 1892 Temple Bar Dec. 580 Her friend's oldened and altered looks. ˈoldening adj. and n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [adjective] > growing old western1615 veterascent1642 senescent1656 not so (or as) young as one was (or used to be)1747 oldening1865 eldering1876 waning1895 1865 Atlantic Monthly Jan. 41/2 Their gorgeousness of autumn foliage, and their relation to the oldening year. 1876 A. D. Whitney Sights & Insights II. xxiv. 525 It was the joy of oldening years. 1882 Harper's Mag. Jan. 239/2 He remarked farther, and with alarm, a growing sadness upon her face, a stooping in her figure, and a general oldening. 1997 New Pittsburgh Courier (Nexis) 27 Aug. 1 Western Pennsylvania is undergoing an ‘oldening’ process because many young people leave the area in search of better employment opportunities. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.a1400v.1700
随便看	preterient preterimperfect preterintentional preterist preterists preterite preterite imperfect preterite perfect preterite-present preteriteness preteritepresent preterites preterition preteritions preteritive preteritive present preterito-presentia preterito-presential preteritopresentia preteritopresential preterlabent preterlapsed preterlegal preterlethal preterm