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单词 offend
释义

offendv.

Brit. /əˈfɛnd/, U.S. /əˈfɛnd/
Forms: Middle English affend, Middle English ofend, Middle English offendye, Middle English–1500s afend, Middle English–1500s afende, Middle English–1500s offende, Middle English– offend. Also past tense Middle English offende, Middle English offendend (transmission error), Middle English offent; past participle Middle English offende, Middle English offenden (transmission error), Middle English offent, Middle English–1600s offend, 1500s offende (Scottish).
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French offendre; Latin offendere.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French offendre to strike against (early 12th cent. in Old French), to attack (something), to hurt someone's feelings (late 12th cent. in Old French), to commit a sin, transgress (early 13th cent.), to injure, to do harm to someone (1501), and its etymon classical Latin offendere to strike against, stumble, to commit a fault, to wrong, violate, to displease, annoy, to give offence, to hurt, injure, (passive) to be displeased < ob- ob- prefix + -fendere (found only in compounds; < the same Indo-European base as Hittite kuenzi he strikes, kills, Sanskrit han- to strike, kill, put an end to). Compare Old Occitan ofendre (c1080), Italian offendere (a1292), Catalan ofendre (13th cent.), Spanish ofender (1293), Portuguese ofender (1543 as offender).
I. In Biblical or transferred uses.
1.
a. transitive. To strike (one's foot) against something. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > impinge upon [verb (transitive)] > cause to impinge > the foot against an obstacle
spurna1300
offenda1382
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Psalms xc. 12 In hondis þei shul bern þee lest par-auenture þou offende [a1425 L.V. hirte; L. offendas] at þe ston þi foot.
1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1890) II. 67 Thai sal lift the wp..that perchance thow offend nocht thy fute at a stane.
b. intransitive. To strike with the feet against something, to stumble. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > impinge [verb (intransitive)] > against an obstacle with the foot
spurnc1000
offendc1382
c1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Zech. xii. 8 He þat shal offenden [L. offenderit] of hem in þat dai.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. xi. 11 Wher thei offendiden [L. offenderunt] so, that thei schulden falle doun?
a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Rom. ix. 32 (MED) Þey offendedyn [L. offenderunt] forsoþe in to ston of offencyon.
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 217 (MED) If men walke whan it is nyght, Sone they offende in þat dyrknes.
2. intransitive. To make a false step or stumble morally; to commit a sin, to fail in duty; to do wrong, transgress, infringe a rule; (Law) to commit a crime, break the law. Also with against, †to, †unto.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > [verb (intransitive)]
guiltc825
misdoOE
misfereOE
misnimc1225
trespass1303
forfeita1325
misguiltc1330
misworka1375
transverse1377
offendc1384
mistakec1390
faulta1400
commit1449
misprize1485
digress1541
transgress1662
society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > do evil or wrong [verb (intransitive)] > transgress or offend
guiltc825
sinc825
to break a bruchec1225
trespass1303
forfeita1325
folly1357
misworka1375
transverse1377
offendc1384
mistakec1390
faulta1400
commit1449
misprize1485
transgress1526
digress1541
misdeal1573
to commit (also do, make) an offence1841
overstep1931
society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > break the law [verb (intransitive)] > carry out criminal activities > commit a crime or an offence
commit1449
offend1560
pull1915
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) James iii. 2 Alle we offenden [L. offendimus] in many thingis. If ony man offendith not in word, this is a parfijt man.
a1450 York Plays (1885) 140 (MED) What ayles þe kyng at me? For vn-to hym I neuere offende.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxi. 76 I neuer dyde amys, nor neuer offended ayenst hym.
1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16279) Morninge Prayer sig. .ii We haue offended against thy holy lawes.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xlv They that offende herein to be presented to the Magistrates & punished.
1639 in J. H. Macadam Baxter Bks. St. Andrews (1903) 106 That gif..George Moffett..sall offend in disgraceing and lichtlieand ony neighbouris breid heireftir [etc.].
1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 11 Great Wits sometimes may gloriously offend, And rise to Faults true Criticks dare not mend.
1764 R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 53 All end-gatherers offending against an act of the 13 Geo. c. 23..shall be deemed incorrigible rogues.
1805 W. Godwin Fleetwood III. xix. 340 Remorse, while the party against whom we have offended, still retains its resentment,..scarcely raises the outermost cuticle of the heart.
1854 S. T. Dobell Balder iii. 13 Such forgiveness as we bring to those Who can offend no more.
1915 A. S. Neill Dominie's Log i. 22 If I offend against the community, the community will punish me with ostracism or bitterness.
1924 Blackwood's Mag. 352/1 Therein he offended against some Nigerian law.
1977 S. Wales Echo 18 Jan. 6/2 Wheel had been offending before this in the game.
1996 Which? Guide to starting your own Business (new ed.) xii. 193 Not only may they seize goods which offend against the new requirement, but they may also issue suspension notices.
3.
a. intransitive. To be caused to stumble or make a false step; to be spiritually or morally shocked; to (be tempted to) sin. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (intransitive)] > be caused to stumble morally
slanderc1325
offendc1384
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Rom. xiv. 21 It is good for to not ete fleisch, and for to not drynke wyn, nether in what thing thi brother offendith [L. offendit], or is sclaundrid, or is maad syk.
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Cor. viii. 13 If meate make my brother to offend . View more context for this quotation
b. transitive. To be a stumbling block, or cause spiritual or moral difficulty, to (a person); to shock morally or spiritually; to cause to sin. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hinder [verb (transitive)] > morally or spiritually
offend1526
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > erring > [verb (transitive)] > cause
slander1382
offend1526
err1632
society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > cause to lapse or stumble
slander1382
offend1526
stray1561
err1632
scandal1632
lapse1664
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xviii. f. xxv Whosoever offend won of these lytellwons, which beleve in me.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark ix. f. lviij Yf thy hande offende the, cut hym of.
1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. vi. xl. 115 That if it were possible the very elect them selues shoulde be offended.
1658 R. Allestree Pract. Christian Graces; or, Whole Duty of Man ix. §7. 201 If our very eyes or hands offend us (that is, prove snares to us) we must rather part with them.
4. transitive. To sin against; to wrong (a person); to violate or transgress (a law, etc.). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > harm, injury, or wrong > harm, injure, or commit offence against [verb (transitive)]
misdoc1230
forworkc1275
wrongc1330
to do (one) spite or a spitec1380
to commit (also do, make) an offencec1384
offenda1387
unrighta1393
to do disease toc1400
injuryc1484
offence1512
misfease1571
watcha1586
injure1597
envya1625
disserve1637
hinder1639
disservice1837
serve1887
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > [verb (transitive)] > by committing an offence
overgoOE
aguiltOE
misguiltc1330
erra1340
offenda1387
trespass14..
commit1445
commisea1475
offence1512
society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > do wrongfully or amiss [verb (transitive)] > transgress (a moral limit) > offend against
aguiltOE
offenda1387
offence1512
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 51 (MED) Donston sendeþ to hym þat he schulde leve his woodnesse, and þat he schulde nouȝt offende [L. irritet] seynt Andrew.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 3243 Justice natheles Was kept and in nothing offended.
?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 43 (MED) It were not conuenient þat I schulde be offendid of my creaturis.
c1440 (a1349) R. Rolle Eng. Prose Treat. (1921) 21 (MED) Breke doune Couatise..þat þou..offende not thi conscience.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope i. xix Thow hast so gretely offendyd and blasphemyd the goddes.
1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 14 Sundry persons..haue not feared..to offende the said lawes.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 13 Forgeue our sinnis..As we forgeue all creature Offendand vs.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 283 Marry Sir, he hath offended the Law. View more context for this quotation
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxviii. 248 The person offended, is Almighty God.
1798 Lady A. Barnard in A. W. C. Lindsay Lives of Lindsays (1849) III. 475 The cow..had offended the laws by walking on the parade.
II. In general senses.
5. With reference to feelings (the chief current use).
a. transitive (in passive). To be displeased, vexed, or annoyed. Now usually: to feel personally upset or hurt; to take offence. Usually with with, at, by, etc., or with clause.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > be displeased with [verb (transitive)] > displease
mislikeeOE
ofthinkeOE
misquemeOE
likec1175
forthinka1225
mispay?c1225
annoyc1300
there glads (also gains, games) him no gleec1300
unpay1340
offenda1382
to be displeasedc1386
to step or tread on the toes ofc1394
mispleasea1400
unlikea1425
edgec1450
injurea1492
discontenta1513
disdain1530
to set (a person's) teeth on edge1535
displeasure1541
mis-set?1553
dislike1578
to tread on any one's heels or toes1710
flisk1792
unentrance1834
to tread on any one's cornsa1855
umbragea1894
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Psalms xciv. 10 Fourti ȝeer offendid I was [L. offensus fui] to þat jeneracioun..whom I swoor in my wrathe, þei shul not entren in to my reste.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 5954 (MED) Her goddes gretly wer offendid Ageyn þe toun whan þe fire went oute.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 284 Ffor quhen princis prayis for vnworthy personis, god is offendit, and displesit thareat.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. xvii [He] was sore offended & greatly greued with the Flemynges..for kepyng from him perforce hys sonne & heyre.
1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 137 I praye you be not offended althoughe at thys presente I interrupte you.
1576 A. Fleming tr. C. Matius in Panoplie Epist. 112 Although I was offended at the enterprise, I was loath to forsake my frende.
1634 Proc. Star Chamber in S. R. Gardiner Documents Proc. against W. Prynne (1877) 16 The truthe is, Mr. Pryn..would make the people altogether offended with all thinges att the present.
1646 J. Hall Horæ Vacivæ 28 Wander they in their pleasing darknesse, offended if you shew them light.
1700 J. Dryden Fables Pref. sig. *Cij I find some People are offended that I have turn'd these Tales into modern English; because they think them unworthy of my Pains.
1774 H. Kelly School for Wives iv. 57 Don't be offended because I decline to do you an additional wrong.
a1855 J. Eagles Sketcher (1856) xiv. 340 You cannot think of them together without being offended at the labour and timidity of Claude.
1909 Daily Chron. 2 Sept. 4/6 If you were to ‘Mister’ him, his Highland pride would be offended.
1978 P. Matthiessen Snow Leopard iii. 255 No, really, I am mortally offended, with no earthly target for my wrath.
2000 Heat 13 Jan. 58/3 Only the very straightlaced and very PC will be offended by the ‘anti-gay’ comments of Dedee.
b. transitive. To hurt or wound the feelings or susceptibilities of; to be displeasing or disagreeable to; to vex, annoy, displease, anger; (now esp.) to excite a feeling of personal upset, resentment, annoyance, or disgust in (someone).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed by [verb (transitive)] > annoy or vex
gremec893
dretchc900
awhenec1000
teenOE
fretc1290
annoyc1300
atrayc1320
encumberc1330
diseasec1340
grindc1350
distemperc1386
offenda1387
arra1400
avexa1400
derea1400
miscomforta1400
angerc1400
engrievec1400
vex1418
molesta1425
entrouble?1435
destroublea1450
poina1450
rubc1450
to wring (a person) on the mailsc1450
disprofit1483
agrea1492
trouble1515
grig1553
mis-set?1553
nip?1553
grate1555
gripe1559
spitec1563
fike?1572
gall1573
corsie1574
corrosive1581
touch1581
disaccommodate1586
macerate1588
perplex1590
thorn1592
exulcerate1593
plague1595
incommode1598
affret1600
brier1601
to gall or tread on (one's) kibes1603
discommodate1606
incommodate1611
to grate on or upon1631
disincommodate1635
shog1636
ulcerate1647
incommodiate1650
to put (a person) out of his (her, etc.) way1653
discommodiate1654
discommode1657
ruffle1659
regrate1661
disoblige1668
torment1718
pesta1729
chagrin1734
pingle1740
bothera1745
potter1747
wherrit1762
to tweak the nose of1784
to play up1803
tout1808
rasp1810
outrage1818
worrit1818
werrit1825
buggerlug1850
taigle1865
get1867
to give a person the pip1881
to get across ——1888
nark1888
eat1893
to twist the tail1895
dudgeon1906
to tweak the tail of1909
sore1929
to put up1930
wouldn't it rip you!1941
sheg1943
to dick around1944
cheese1946
to pee off1946
to honk off1970
to fuck off1973
to tweak (a person's or thing's) tail1977
to tweak (a person's or thing's) nose1983
to wind up1984
to dick about1996
to-teen-
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 269 (MED) Furius Camillus offended þe peple in delynge of prayes.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 1665 (MED) I merueile how þou art so bolde To presume myn eris to offende.
a1500 (c1370) G. Chaucer Complaint to his Lady 123 Wel lever is me liken yow and deye, Than for to anythyng or thynke or seye That yow myghte offende in any tyme.
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) Prol. l. 35 I dreid þame sair till offend..Gife [etc.].
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccliijv Many thynges whiche myght offende mens myndes.
1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor iii. v. 85 A compound of the most Villanous smel, that euer offended nostrill.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 379 Let not my words offend thee, Heav'nly Power. View more context for this quotation
1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron II. vii. xxv. 189 If I was not afraid to offend the Delicacy of polite Ears.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Day-dream in Poems (new ed.) II. 161 You shake your head. A random string Your finer female sense offends.
1859 J. H. Newman in Rambler Nov. 41 A zealous Christian preacher offends not individuals merely, but classes of men.
1908 E. M. Forster Room with View xii. 200 He was quiet: they feared they had offended him.
1966 J. Betjeman High & Low 32 Nor constant here offend the ear Low-flying aeroplanes.
1989 M. Lane Literary Daughters iv. 108 He never minded whom he offended, if he thought he was acting for the general good.
2001 Premiere Jan. 57/4 He..says [the movie] Snatch offends all black people.
c. intransitive. To give or cause offence; to harm or displease; to be offensive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be or become resentful [verb (intransitive)] > arouse indignation or resentment
offendc1425
ranklea1450
to give (also cause, etc.) offence to1560
to give (‥) umbrage1620
pique1697
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 2256 (MED) Of hert I praye, lat nat offende at al, Þat I am bolde to seie my mocioun.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xliv. 286 (MED) Sire, after hym Anon doth sende, that he to ȝow Come, & not Offende.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 887 (MED) Lothe to Offende and Louyng ay to Lere..These pety capteyns with Vertew were in fere.
1611 Bible (King James) Matt. xiii. 41 The Sonne of man shall send forth his Angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdome all things that offend, and them which doe iniquitie. View more context for this quotation
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxvii. 159 No Man scapes..their Censure and Dislike, who offends against the Fashion and Opinion of the Company he keeps.
1734 M. Barber Poems a3v It is with the utmost confusion that I knowingly offend against such infinite Modesty.
1859 A. Trollope Bertrams I. xiii. 279 That..which appears to offend against the spirit of calm recital which I profess.
1985 ‘E. Peters’ Excellent Myst. (1986) ii. 31 Pardon brother! I know the stench offends.
1995 J. F. Garner Once upon more Enlightened Time Introd. p. xi If this bibliocentric decision in any way offends, I ask you to find it in your heart..to forgive me.
d. intransitive. Scottish. To be offended; to take offence. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be or become resentful [verb (intransitive)]
to pick (also peck) mooda1225
disdaina1382
endeigna1382
indeign1382
risec1390
to take offencea1393
to take pepper in the nose1520
stomach1557
offenda1578
sdeigna1593
huff1598
to snuff pepper1624
check1635
to bear, owe (a person) a grudge1657
to take check1663
to take (‥) umbrage1683
to ride rusty1709
to flame out, up1753
to take a niff1777
niff1841
spleen1885
to put one's shoulder out1886
to have (or get) the spike1890
derry1896
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 6 He wald onnawayis offend to luik on the ane day or twa to spend.
a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1677) iii. 174 A Noble man..answered, that it was a devout imagination, wherewith John Knox did greatly offend.
a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1845) VII. 617 That his Majestie will offend with the lenitie alreadie shewed.
1689 in W. H. L. Melville Leven & Melville Papers (1843) 24 Some think the deprivation of so many conforme ministers of late hath been summare eneugh, and that England may offend at it.
6.
a. transitive. To attack (a person); to assault, assail. Also in extended use. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)]
greetc893
overfallOE
riseOE
assail?c1225
to lay on or upon?c1225
onseekc1275
to set on ——c1290
infighta1300
saila1300
to go upon ——c1300
to turn one's handc1325
lashc1330
annoyc1380
impugnc1384
offendc1385
to fall on ——a1387
sault1387
affrayc1390
to set upon ——1390
to fall upon ——a1398
to lay at?a1400
semblea1400
assayc1400
havec1400
aset1413
oppressa1425
attachc1425
to set at ——c1430
fraya1440
fray1465
oppugn?a1475
sayc1475
envaye1477
pursue1488
envahisshe1489
assaulta1500
to lay to, untoa1500
requirea1500
enterprise?1510
invade1513
assemblec1515
expugn1530
to fare on1535
to fall into ——1550
mount1568
attack?1576
affront1579
invest1598
canvass1599
to take arms1604
attempt1605
to make force at, to, upon1607
salute1609
offence1614
strikea1616
to give a lift at1622
to get at ——1650
insult1697
to walk into ——1794
to go in at1812
to go for ——1838
to light on ——1842
strafe1915
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)]
assail?c1225
to set on ——c1290
saila1300
to turn one's handc1325
lashc1330
to set against ——c1330
impugnc1384
offendc1385
weighc1386
checka1400
to lay at?a1400
havec1400
to set at ——c1430
fraya1440
rehetea1450
besail1460
fray1465
tuilyie1487
assaulta1500
enterprise?1510
invade1513
sturt1513
attempt1546
lay1580
tilt1589
to fall aboard——1593
yoke1596
to let into1598
to fall foul1602
attack1655
do1780
to go in at1812
to pitch into ——1823
tackle1828
vampire1832
bushwhack1837
to go for ——1838
take1864
pile1867
volcano1867
to set about ——1879
vampirize1888
to get stuck into1910
to take to ——1911
weigh1941
rugby-tackle1967
rugger-tackle1967
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack (of hostile agency)
besetOE
infighta1300
saila1300
seeka1300
visitc1340
beclipc1380
entainc1380
seizec1381
offendc1385
affectc1425
rehetea1450
take1483
attaintc1534
prevent1535
attach1541
attempt1546
affront1579
buffeta1593
to get at ——1650
assault1667
insult1697
to lay at1899
c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 2394 I am..with loue offended moost That euere was any lyues creature.
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) i. 605 Love..sorwfulli me offendeth.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 12350 Make hym kyng..Your fos to offend.
1653 tr. F. Carmeni Nissena 25 The fiercest Tygers..shall not offend you, whilst [I am] by your side.
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 81/1 A Fort..well disposed for offending its enemies.
1741 J. Ozell tr. P. de B. de Brantôme Spanish Rhodomontades 210 Some Swissers..who cou'd neither Stop, nor Follow, nor Offend M. de Guise.
b. intransitive. To act on the offensive, to attack. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (intransitive)]
to lay ona1225
assailc1325
sailc1330
assemblea1375
to fall inc1384
to fall ona1387
givec1430
brunt1440
to set (all) on sevenc1440
to ding on1487
to fall down1534
offend1540
to go on1553
to give on?1611
to let fly1611
strikea1616
insult1638
to set on1670
aggress1708
to carry the war into the enemy's camp1791
hop over1929
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make attack [verb (intransitive)] > behave aggressively > attack as opposed to defend
offend1540
1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 14 The nauy..is..a great defence and surete of this realme in tyme of warre, as well to offende as defende.
c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1922) II. 221 That the men be guid in ordoure to offend and defend.
1675 R. Vaughan Disc. Coin & Coinage vii The State that abounds in Money, hath Courage, hath Men, and all other Instruments to defend itself and offend others.
1881 A. J. Duffield tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote II. 305 Don Quixote,..very proud to see how well his squire defended and offended.
7. transitive. To wound or hurt physically; to harm, injure. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)]
derec888
marc1275
hurt1297
shond1338
teenc1380
offendc1425
tamec1430
wreakc1440
supprisea1450
mischiefc1450
mischieve1465
wringa1529
strikea1535
danger1538
bemarc1540
violate1551
damnify?a1562
injury1579
aggrievea1716
crock1846
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 3069 (MED) Þe licour schal her chawlys so coharte Þat asonder þei schal nat departe For to offende or noyen any wyȝt.
c1450 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Prol. 392 Whan a flye offendeth him or biteth, He with his tayl awey the flye smyteth.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 79/1 The blynde fader aroos and began offendyng hys feet to renne to mete hys sone.
?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau Theatrum Mundi sig. S vij b Some..coulde not by no meanes be offended or grieved with any kinde of poyson or venom.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. x. sig. Mm His late fight With Britomart so sore did him offend, That ryde he could not, till his hurts he did amend.
1685 R. Boyle Ess. Effects of Motion v. 48 The heat..will offend one's hand at several times the distance.
1687 B. Randolph Present State Archipel. 81 A small fort..very strongly arch't over, so as no bomb can offend it.
1739 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. lxxxix. 297 The Passage of the Sword..penetrated into the Thorax, without offending the Lungs.
8. transitive. To obstruct, impede. Cf. offence n. 8. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hinder [verb (transitive)]
letc888
shrenchc897
forstanda1000
amarOE
disturbc1290
impeachc1380
stopc1380
withstandc1385
hinder1413
accloy1422
hindc1426
to hold abackc1440
appeachc1460
impeditec1535
inhibit1535
obstacle1538
damp1548
trip1548
embarrass1578
dam1582
to clip the wings ofa1593
unhelp1598
uppen1600
straiten1607
rub1608
impediment1610
impedea1616
to put out1616
to put off1631
scote1642
obstruct1645
incommodiate1650
offend1651
sufflaminate1656
hindrance1664
disassist1671
clog1679
muzzle1706
squeeze1804
to take the wind out of the sails of1822
throttle1825
block1844
overslaugh1853
snag1863
gum1901
slow-walk1965
1651 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1894) VI. 523 Ordered that no man shall fall any Trees to offend any Common Cart way.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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