open-endedadj.

Brit.

/ˌəʊp(ə)nˈɛndᵻd/, U.S.

/ˈoʊp(ə)nˈɛndəd/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: open adj., ended adj.

Etymology: < open adj. + ended adj.

1. Of an object: open at one end.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > [adjective] > open or not enclosed > having an open end

open-ended1825

open-end1908

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 172 The disadvantages attending the open-ended cylinder.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 873/2 An open-ended glass tube for selecting a microscopic object in a fluid.

1909 Westm. Gaz. 11 Nov. 5/2 Likewise the piston works in the cylinder and is hollow and open-ended.

1935 A. J. Martin Work of Sanitary Engin. viii. 92 If a series of open-ended vertical pipes were carried up from the main at intervals, the water would rise in each of them up to the line of the hydraulic gradient.

1954 A. G. L. Hellyer Encycl. Garden Work 54/2 Nowadays..almost all cloches are..open-ended glass shelters which can be placed end to end to form a continuous line over a row, or rows, of plants.

1994 D. J. Warren Old Med. & Dental Instruments 17/2 The mechanical leech..consists of a glass tube with a plunger, rather like an open-ended syringe.

2. Extended uses.

a. Admitting of several possible outcomes, conclusions, interpretations, etc.; allowing for future changes or additions. Also: having no predetermined limit or end; indefinite.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > [adjective] > not predetermined

open-ended1923

open-end1931

unstructured1941

1923 N. Coward Temperamental Honeymoon in Compl. Lyrics (1998) 58 Just one tiny thought, quite open-ended... Cigar smoke is one thing I really loathe!

1940 M. Mead Male & Female ii. 47 The problem will be whether..those who read can keep such words as ‘men’, ‘women’, and ‘children’ open-ended words.

1973 Daily Tel. 2 Mar. 2/5 Powers of punishment for contempt are open ended as no maximum prison sentence or fine is laid down.

2001 Trouble & Strife Summer 43/2 Big Brother was streamed on the web 24 hours a day, offering open-ended access.

b. spec. Of a question, test, interview, etc.: allowing the respondent a free and thoughtful response; having no single correct answer. Hence, of a response: discursive; wide-ranging. Also: of or relating to such a question, response, etc. Cf. multiple-choice adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > educational administration > examination > [adjective] > type of examination > type of question

forced-choice1944

open-ended1944

open-end1952

1944 Public Opinion Q. 8 54 The open-ended question, ‘Why do you feel this way?’ brings out a variety of comments which show that people look at the matter from a number of aspects.

1964 Ann. Reg. 1963 401 This at least was suggested by their answers to questions in standard intelligence tests, which tended to an alarming degree to be of the closed rather than open-ended type.

1991 Lang. in Society 20 560 The Texas Poll..includes both open-ended and fixed-alternative (multiple-choice) questions.

2001 Strategic Public Relations Managem. vi. 107 In-depth interviewing..is an open-ended interview technique in which respondents are encouraged to discuss an issue or problem..at length and in great detail.

c. Education. Designating or relating to an educational method characterized by the encouragement of independent study and initiative rather than formal instruction.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > [adjective] > system of education

Lancasterian1807

heuristical1819

Pestalozzian1826

heuristic1844

progressive1860

Philanthropinist1864

Chautauqua1873

Froebelian1873

Fröbel1875

co-educational1881

extramural1884

Arnoldian1888

co-ed1889

Montessori1912

Montessorian1912

work–study1924

essentialist1938

bilateral1947

Piagetian1960

open-ended1961

home-schooling1963

Nuffield1964

binary1965

1961 D. H. Parker Schooling for Indiv. Excellence xxi. 251 When students have been exposed to this new open-ended learning situation, their progress amazes both themselves and their teachers.

1984 N. Beswick Resource-board Learning (BNC) 47 [In]..open-ended excercises and unstructured enquiry projects in humanities work..the teachers need to anticipate and prepare for a wide variety of student response and reaction.

1990 Times Educ. Suppl. 26 Oct. 14/2 We are increasingly finding students unable to cope with the open-ended learning approach demanded at GCSE and A-level.

2002 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 17 Jan. (Editorials section) 8 Children need more than just open-ended education where tough questions and tough demands are not asked of them.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	open-ended
释义	open-endedadj. Brit. /ˌəʊp(ə)nˈɛndᵻd/, U.S. /ˈoʊp(ə)nˈɛndəd/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: open adj., ended adj. Etymology: < open adj. + ended adj. 1. Of an object: open at one end. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > [adjective] > open or not enclosed > having an open end open-ended1825 open-end1908 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 172 The disadvantages attending the open-ended cylinder. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 873/2 An open-ended glass tube for selecting a microscopic object in a fluid. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 11 Nov. 5/2 Likewise the piston works in the cylinder and is hollow and open-ended. 1935 A. J. Martin Work of Sanitary Engin. viii. 92 If a series of open-ended vertical pipes were carried up from the main at intervals, the water would rise in each of them up to the line of the hydraulic gradient. 1954 A. G. L. Hellyer Encycl. Garden Work 54/2 Nowadays..almost all cloches are..open-ended glass shelters which can be placed end to end to form a continuous line over a row, or rows, of plants. 1994 D. J. Warren Old Med. & Dental Instruments 17/2 The mechanical leech..consists of a glass tube with a plunger, rather like an open-ended syringe. 2. Extended uses. a. Admitting of several possible outcomes, conclusions, interpretations, etc.; allowing for future changes or additions. Also: having no predetermined limit or end; indefinite. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > [adjective] > not predetermined open-ended1923 open-end1931 unstructured1941 1923 N. Coward Temperamental Honeymoon in Compl. Lyrics (1998) 58 Just one tiny thought, quite open-ended... Cigar smoke is one thing I really loathe! 1940 M. Mead Male & Female ii. 47 The problem will be whether..those who read can keep such words as ‘men’, ‘women’, and ‘children’ open-ended words. 1973 Daily Tel. 2 Mar. 2/5 Powers of punishment for contempt are open ended as no maximum prison sentence or fine is laid down. 2001 Trouble & Strife Summer 43/2 Big Brother was streamed on the web 24 hours a day, offering open-ended access. b. spec. Of a question, test, interview, etc.: allowing the respondent a free and thoughtful response; having no single correct answer. Hence, of a response: discursive; wide-ranging. Also: of or relating to such a question, response, etc. Cf. multiple-choice adj. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > examination > [adjective] > type of examination > type of question forced-choice1944 open-ended1944 open-end1952 1944 Public Opinion Q. 8 54 The open-ended question, ‘Why do you feel this way?’ brings out a variety of comments which show that people look at the matter from a number of aspects. 1964 Ann. Reg. 1963 401 This at least was suggested by their answers to questions in standard intelligence tests, which tended to an alarming degree to be of the closed rather than open-ended type. 1991 Lang. in Society 20 560 The Texas Poll..includes both open-ended and fixed-alternative (multiple-choice) questions. 2001 Strategic Public Relations Managem. vi. 107 In-depth interviewing..is an open-ended interview technique in which respondents are encouraged to discuss an issue or problem..at length and in great detail. c. Education. Designating or relating to an educational method characterized by the encouragement of independent study and initiative rather than formal instruction. ΘΚΠ society > education > [adjective] > system of education Lancasterian1807 heuristical1819 Pestalozzian1826 heuristic1844 progressive1860 Philanthropinist1864 Chautauqua1873 Froebelian1873 Fröbel1875 co-educational1881 extramural1884 Arnoldian1888 co-ed1889 Montessori1912 Montessorian1912 work–study1924 essentialist1938 bilateral1947 Piagetian1960 open-ended1961 home-schooling1963 Nuffield1964 binary1965 1961 D. H. Parker Schooling for Indiv. Excellence xxi. 251 When students have been exposed to this new open-ended learning situation, their progress amazes both themselves and their teachers. 1984 N. Beswick Resource-board Learning (BNC) 47 [In]..open-ended excercises and unstructured enquiry projects in humanities work..the teachers need to anticipate and prepare for a wide variety of student response and reaction. 1990 Times Educ. Suppl. 26 Oct. 14/2 We are increasingly finding students unable to cope with the open-ended learning approach demanded at GCSE and A-level. 2002 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 17 Jan. (Editorials section) 8 Children need more than just open-ended education where tough questions and tough demands are not asked of them. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1825
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