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单词 onager
释义

onagern.

Brit. /ˈɒnədʒə/, /ˈɒnəɡə/, U.S. /ˈɑnədʒər/
Inflections: Plural onagers, onagri.
Forms: Middle English onagir, Middle English– onager.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French onager; Latin onager.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French onager, onagre wild ass (early 12th cent.), siege engine (late 13th cent.; French onagre ) and its etymon classical Latin onager wild ass, in post-classical Latin also large siege engine (late 4th cent.) < Hellenistic Greek ὄναγρος wild ass, in Byzantine Greek also large siege engine < ὄνος ass (see onocentaur n.) + ἄγριος wild (related to ἀγρός : see acre n.).
1. A wild ass; spec. an Asiatic wild ass of the subspecies Equus hemionus onager, native to northern Iran and now endangered.Sometimes regarded as a separate species, E. onager.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > [noun] > equus hemionus (Asiatic wild ass)
onagera1398
mule1607
dziggetai1793
kulan1793
onagra1860
kiang1869
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 294 Onager is a wilde asse..and suche asses ben grete & wilde in affrica.
a1425 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Laud) (1884) 362 Abyde schal onagirs in thair thirst..onagirs are wilde assis.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 289 The Onager is a Wild Ass, excelling at pleasure the swiftest Courser.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 376 The onager, or wild ass, is seen in still greater abundance than the wild horse.
1869 R. Owen in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 129 554 In the Wild Ass or Onager, the length of the ears and their less acute termination are conspicuous.
1896 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 682 Hence the difference..between a coster's donkey and an onager.
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xxi. 742 The ancient inscriptions of the Thebes indicate that onagers were tamed for centuries b.c.
1973 Daily Tel. 21 July 5 (caption) Vincent, a 10-day-old baby onager, with its mother, Liza, at London Zoo where it was allowed out for the first time yesterday.
1993 J. Keegan Hist. Warfare iii. 157 The standard of Ur..shows a four-wheeled cart drawn by four onagers as a vehicle for a king.
2. A large siege engine used by the ancient Roman army for propelling rocks at an enemy. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > [noun] > ballista
ballistaeOE
ginc1325
mangonelc1325
springalc1330
ballistc1384
scorpionc1384
tormentc1384
trebuchet1388
fowler1420
dondainec1430
onagera1460
perrier1481
trabuch?1482
bricole1489
coillard1489
mouton1489
sambuca1489
martinet1523
racket1535
sling1535
brake1552
catapult1577
sweep1598
sling-dart1600
petrary1610
espringal1614
scorpion-bowa1629
swafe1688
sackbut1756
mangona1773
matafunda1773
lombard1838
a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 108 Thonagir [L. Onager]was an huge & myghti bowe, Strynged with nerf, therwith the stonys grete, In maner of a thonderynge were throwe.
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxiii. iv. 222 Unto which also the moderne time hath imposed the name of Onager,..in this regard, that wild asses when they are coursed by hunters fling with their heeles stones afarre off behind their backs.
1793 J. Hely tr. R. O'Flaherty Ogygia II. 186 The sling..directed rocks nearly with as much violence as the onager.
1840 L. Ritchie Windsor Castle 214 Of the more powerful military engines then in use, were the scorpion or large stationary crossbow, the onager or wild ass.
1886 M. F. Sheldon tr. G. Flaubert Salammbô xiii. 310 Catapults were as frequently called onagers, because they were like wild asses which threw stones by kicking.
c1949 A. Maurois Hist. France (1961) 20 Caesar's [army], made up of well-trained veterans, was greatly superior in armaments—ballistas, onagers, [etc.].
1979 Sci. Amer. Mar. 128/2 A new, simpler machine, called the onager, with only one spring and one arm, which terminated in a spoon and was used for throwing stones, now came increasingly into prominence.
1989 R. L. O'Connell Of Arms & Men vi. 97 The Byzantines also retained all the major engines of Roman siegecraft—the vinea and testudo, the torsion catapult, onager, and ballista.
2001 Gloucester Citizen (Nexis) 4 Apr. 14 A stray missile from one of their authentic seige engines ‘the onager’..crashed through the roof of a nearby house.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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