opportunismn.

Brit.

/ˈɒpətjuːnɪz(ə)m/,

/ˈɒpətʃuːnɪz(ə)m/,

/ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪz(ə)m/,

/ˌɒpəˈtʃuːnɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˌɑpərˈt(j)uˌnɪz(ə)m/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on an Italian lexical item. Etymons: opportune adj., -ism suffix.

Etymology: < opportune adj. + -ism suffix, after Italian opportunismo (a1872), itself after French opportunisme (1869). Compare opportunist n.In sense 1, the English term was used first of Italian politics (compare quot. 1870 at sense 1a), although Italian opportunismo was itself formed after French opportunisme . The introduction of the word has often been ascribed erroneously to the French republican statesman Léon Gambetta (1838–82): see opportunist n. 1a, and compare:1881 Standard 27 May 4/7 He [sc. Gambetta] is likewise a great master of effect, an adept in the craft of Opportunism in a wider sense than he himself has ever publicly ascribed to a word of his own invention.

a. Originally Politics. The practice or policy of exploiting circumstances or opportunities to gain immediate advantage, rather than following a predetermined plan; the ability or tendency to exploit circumstances in this way. In later use esp. with the implication of cynicism or lack of regard to principles.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > expediency > expedience > [noun]

expedience1608

expediency1618

opportunism1870

ad hocness1907

1870 Contemp. Rev. 15 389 The Monarchical, or (as they style themselves) the Moderate party in Italy..took advantage of the general dismay to lead the people away from the idea of unity as Utopian, and induce them to enter upon the path of compromise, or ‘opportunism’, to use their own term.

1880 19th Cent. Apr. 632 Among Nonconformists there is not..one who has less of the spirit of opportunism than Mr. Illingworth.

1885 Ld. Granville Speech at Hanley in Times 7 Nov. The Englishman said that he thought opportunism was the preference of expediency to principle. The French gentleman said he thought it was the coquetting with principles which you do not approve in your heart. The Italian said it was adapting yourself to those circumstances which were most fitted to get you into power and to maintain you there.

1898 J. E. C. Bodley France II. iv. vi. 407 Opportunism in its wholesome sense is the art of adapting one's self to changing circumstances.

1921 J. Galsworthy To Let 129 According to June, it was foolish and even cowardly to hide the past from Jon. Sheer opportunism, she called it.

1933 C. Rahmat Ali Now or Never (1934) 4 They have..sacrificed their own political principles and our national patrimony for the sake of sheer opportunism and sordid careerism.

1974 U. K. Le Guin Dispossessed ix. 229 His opportunism, his sense for where advantage lay, led him..to the most promising field.

1989 Independent 30 Jan. 24/6 It was never easy to champion the writer's interests against..the cynical opportunism of publishers.

b. Politics. The policy or practice of making concessions to bourgeois elements of society as a stage in the implementation of Socialism or Communism.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > socialism > [noun] > attitudes or policies

opportunism1902

social chauvinism1919

ouvrierism1950

self-management1953

workerism1953

1902 Social-Democrat Aug. 232 Bernstein's position leads him straight to opportunism, the denial of the class war, reform-politics, classes working together for the common good.., &c.

1930 M. J. Olgin tr. V. Lenin Conf. Foreign Section R.S.-D.L.P. in Coll. Wks. XVIII. 148 The collapse of the Second International is the collapse of Socialist opportunism.

1942 M. J. Olgin tr. V. Lenin Imperialism in Coll. Wks. XIX. 194 That bond between imperialism and opportunism, which revealed itself first and most clearly in England.

1956 in J. Degras Communist Internat. Documents I. 247 The parties of the Communist International will become revolutionary mass parties only if they overcome opportunism.

1974 tr. A. Snieckus Soviet Lithuania 26 In its relentless struggle against reformism, opportunism and Trotskyism, it [sc. the Lithuanian Communist Party] became even more Bolshevik in character.

1990 Summary of World Broadcasts Pt. 2: Eastern Europe (B.B.C.) (Nexis) 4 Jan. EE/0653/C/1 The arrogant,..ultimatum-style policy which because of opportunism we are not opposing..has for two years now been maintaining tension and conflicts in Yugoslavia.

a. Medicine and Biology. The ability of a normally non-pathogenic microorganism to act as a pathogen in certain circumstances. Cf. opportunistic adj. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > [noun] > state or activity of

opportunism1962

1962 Lab. Investig. 11 1073/1 The concept of microbial opportunism as an important occasional factor in the etiology of infectious disease has been generally recognized.

1997 Aquaculture 158 117 In spite of its opportunism, the strain did not seem pathogenic to starving seabass larvae challenged from day 5 to day 10.

b. Ecology. The ability or activity of a species that exploits newly formed or previously unexploited habitats or niches. Cf. opportunistic adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in relation to habitat > [noun] > conditions of

plasticity1858

modification1875

tolerance1898

autotrophy1900

heterotrophism1900

sympatry1904

heterotrophy1930

zootrophy1930

chemoautotrophism1943

chemolithotrophy1947

chemoorganotrophy1947

chemotrophy1947

chemoautotrophy1949

prototrophy1949

auxotrophy1953

photoautotrophy1961

photoheterotrophy1961

opportunism1967

chemoheterotrophy1972

chemolithoautotrophy1976

psychrotolerance1977

1967 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. II. xxii. 366 There is reason to believe that the same sort of lognormal distribution may arise by a process of evolutionary opportunism among competitive species.

1973 P. A. Colinvaux Introd. Ecol. xxvii. 392 If you are small and short-lived, opportunism is probably the only satisfactory strategy for life in unstable places.

1985 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 310 137 The fine synchrony and persistent relationship between T. sialidos and its megalopteran host indicate an established association rather than casual opportunism.

2000 Oecologia Montana 9 36 All species showed considerable opportunism in feeding on tree species.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	opportunism
释义	opportunismn. Brit. /ˈɒpətjuːnɪz(ə)m/, /ˈɒpətʃuːnɪz(ə)m/, /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪz(ə)m/, /ˌɒpəˈtʃuːnɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˌɑpərˈt(j)uˌnɪz(ə)m/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on an Italian lexical item. Etymons: opportune adj., -ism suffix. Etymology: < opportune adj. + -ism suffix, after Italian opportunismo (a1872), itself after French opportunisme (1869). Compare opportunist n.In sense 1, the English term was used first of Italian politics (compare quot. 1870 at sense 1a), although Italian opportunismo was itself formed after French opportunisme . The introduction of the word has often been ascribed erroneously to the French republican statesman Léon Gambetta (1838–82): see opportunist n. 1a, and compare:1881 Standard 27 May 4/7 He [sc. Gambetta] is likewise a great master of effect, an adept in the craft of Opportunism in a wider sense than he himself has ever publicly ascribed to a word of his own invention. 1. a. Originally Politics. The practice or policy of exploiting circumstances or opportunities to gain immediate advantage, rather than following a predetermined plan; the ability or tendency to exploit circumstances in this way. In later use esp. with the implication of cynicism or lack of regard to principles. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > expediency > expedience > [noun] expedience1608 expediency1618 opportunism1870 ad hocness1907 1870 Contemp. Rev. 15 389 The Monarchical, or (as they style themselves) the Moderate party in Italy..took advantage of the general dismay to lead the people away from the idea of unity as Utopian, and induce them to enter upon the path of compromise, or ‘opportunism’, to use their own term. 1880 19th Cent. Apr. 632 Among Nonconformists there is not..one who has less of the spirit of opportunism than Mr. Illingworth. 1885 Ld. Granville Speech at Hanley in Times 7 Nov. The Englishman said that he thought opportunism was the preference of expediency to principle. The French gentleman said he thought it was the coquetting with principles which you do not approve in your heart. The Italian said it was adapting yourself to those circumstances which were most fitted to get you into power and to maintain you there. 1898 J. E. C. Bodley France II. iv. vi. 407 Opportunism in its wholesome sense is the art of adapting one's self to changing circumstances. 1921 J. Galsworthy To Let 129 According to June, it was foolish and even cowardly to hide the past from Jon. Sheer opportunism, she called it. 1933 C. Rahmat Ali Now or Never (1934) 4 They have..sacrificed their own political principles and our national patrimony for the sake of sheer opportunism and sordid careerism. 1974 U. K. Le Guin Dispossessed ix. 229 His opportunism, his sense for where advantage lay, led him..to the most promising field. 1989 Independent 30 Jan. 24/6 It was never easy to champion the writer's interests against..the cynical opportunism of publishers. b. Politics. The policy or practice of making concessions to bourgeois elements of society as a stage in the implementation of Socialism or Communism. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > socialism > [noun] > attitudes or policies opportunism1902 social chauvinism1919 ouvrierism1950 self-management1953 workerism1953 1902 Social-Democrat Aug. 232 Bernstein's position leads him straight to opportunism, the denial of the class war, reform-politics, classes working together for the common good.., &c. 1930 M. J. Olgin tr. V. Lenin Conf. Foreign Section R.S.-D.L.P. in Coll. Wks. XVIII. 148 The collapse of the Second International is the collapse of Socialist opportunism. 1942 M. J. Olgin tr. V. Lenin Imperialism in Coll. Wks. XIX. 194 That bond between imperialism and opportunism, which revealed itself first and most clearly in England. 1956 in J. Degras Communist Internat. Documents I. 247 The parties of the Communist International will become revolutionary mass parties only if they overcome opportunism. 1974 tr. A. Snieckus Soviet Lithuania 26 In its relentless struggle against reformism, opportunism and Trotskyism, it [sc. the Lithuanian Communist Party] became even more Bolshevik in character. 1990 Summary of World Broadcasts Pt. 2: Eastern Europe (B.B.C.) (Nexis) 4 Jan. EE/0653/C/1 The arrogant,..ultimatum-style policy which because of opportunism we are not opposing..has for two years now been maintaining tension and conflicts in Yugoslavia. 2. a. Medicine and Biology. The ability of a normally non-pathogenic microorganism to act as a pathogen in certain circumstances. Cf. opportunistic adj. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > [noun] > state or activity of opportunism1962 1962 Lab. Investig. 11 1073/1 The concept of microbial opportunism as an important occasional factor in the etiology of infectious disease has been generally recognized. 1997 Aquaculture 158 117 In spite of its opportunism, the strain did not seem pathogenic to starving seabass larvae challenged from day 5 to day 10. b. Ecology. The ability or activity of a species that exploits newly formed or previously unexploited habitats or niches. Cf. opportunistic adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in relation to habitat > [noun] > conditions of plasticity1858 modification1875 tolerance1898 autotrophy1900 heterotrophism1900 sympatry1904 heterotrophy1930 zootrophy1930 chemoautotrophism1943 chemolithotrophy1947 chemoorganotrophy1947 chemotrophy1947 chemoautotrophy1949 prototrophy1949 auxotrophy1953 photoautotrophy1961 photoheterotrophy1961 opportunism1967 chemoheterotrophy1972 chemolithoautotrophy1976 psychrotolerance1977 1967 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. II. xxii. 366 There is reason to believe that the same sort of lognormal distribution may arise by a process of evolutionary opportunism among competitive species. 1973 P. A. Colinvaux Introd. Ecol. xxvii. 392 If you are small and short-lived, opportunism is probably the only satisfactory strategy for life in unstable places. 1985 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 310 137 The fine synchrony and persistent relationship between T. sialidos and its megalopteran host indicate an established association rather than casual opportunism. 2000 Oecologia Montana 9 36 All species showed considerable opportunism in feeding on tree species. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1870
随便看	unmortificate unmortified unmortifiedness unmortised unmosaic unmossed unmoth-eaten unmotheaten unmothered unmotherliness unridge unridiculed unridiculous unrife unrifled unrig unrigged unrigging unright unrighted unrighted wrong unrighteous unrighteously unrighteousness unrighteousnesses