单词 | opaque |
释义 | opaqueadj.n. A. adj. 1. a. Lying in shadow; dark, dim, not illuminated. Also figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > darkness or gloom > [adjective] > dim, dark, or obscure obscurea1425 opaque?1440 caliginousc1550 half-dark1576 murksome1590 opacousa1627 twilight1645 shadowy1840 twilighty1856 twilighted1865 twilit1869 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ii. 261 They honge hem vp in place opake and drie. 1623 W. Drummond Cypresse Groue in Flowres of Sion 52 They whom opaque imaginations and inward melancholie, have made weary of the worlds eye. 1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. D The nights nimble net That doth encompasse every opake ball, That swims in liquid aire. 1696 W. Whiston Disc. conc. Mosaick Hist. Creation 35 in New Theory of Earth The Opake and Obscure parts were..perfectly inconsiderable. 1758 J. Reed Madrigal & Trulletta iv. vi. 44 Realms opake, Where boiling Tartarus roars. 1775 Ann. Reg. 110/1 The light of the sun was somewhat opake, by the shadows, as if two or three digits were eclipsed. 1820 J. Keats Hyperion: a Fragm. ii, in Lamia & Other Poems 168 Cœus, and Gyges, and Briareüs..Were..Dungeon'd in opaque element. a1859 W. Watt Poems & Songs (1860) 274 Joy's mild sky is oft o'ercast By woe's opaque tempestuous blast. 1934 E. Blunden Choice or Chance 56 In these low days at last we have the truth Of our tradition, which had grown opake, Restored to sparkling and triumphant youth. b. Of an object or surface: not reflecting or emitting light; not shining or lustrous. Also figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > dimness or absence of brightness > [adjective] dima1000 darkOE troublea1327 palec1385 dullc1430 unclearc1440 unbright1534 cloudy1556 unlight1570 muddy1600 wan1601 opacous1616 filmy1642 illuminous1656 crepuscular1668 dumb1720 rayless1754 opaque1794 veilya1802 turbid1811 unlucent1819 ineffulgent1824 blear1830 unrefulgent1856 subluminous1860 subaqueous1875 shineless1882 1646 A. Ross New Planet No Planet 115 Can you prove mee, that when the Moone shineth there is any variation of shadowes, when both the luminous and opace body are moved with the same motion. 1675 H. More Let. 9 Nov. in Conway Lett. (1992) vii. 404 The ayre of his countenance was more hard and opake, and I could not hitt it so well in my converse with him. 1691 T. Heyrick Misc. Poems 42 Th'opaque dull Earth thou dost make fine, Thou dost ith' Moon and Planets shine. 1755 E. Young Centaur vi, in Wks. (1757) IV. 260 We have in abundance..lunar great men. Men in themselves opaque, who borrow beams, from their circumstances, or situation. 1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. IV. xxxvii. 15 The planets are all opake, or dark bodies. 1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 293 It has an opake colour, interspersed with yellowish spots. 1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 89 Thou in our astronomy An opaker star. 1877 W. Black Green Pastures xxxvii An opaque, solid green—not unlike sealing-wax. 1984 V. C. Friesen Spirit of Huckleberry vii. 112 When he is abstracted enough, even the opaque earth itself reflects images to him. 2. a. Not transmitting light, not transparent or translucent; impenetrable to sight. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > transparency or translucence > opacity > [adjective] troublea1327 nebulous?a1425 cloudy1587 shady1605 untransparent1605 untransparablea1618 opacous1625 opaque1631 opacious1643 non-transparent1653 adiaphanous1658 undiaphanous1666 opacular1761 intransparent1842 opacious1953 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [adjective] > other types of glass blownc1425 Bohemian1682 grounded1698 soft1758 unsilvered1772 navelledc1817 drawn-out1822 muffled1847 ambitty1856 muffed1868 roughcast1868 Sandwich1881 fumé1883 hand-blown1885 peach-blow1886 opaque1907 mould-blown1925 offhand1941 1631 E. Reynolds Three Treat. 436 All other shewes and pretences are but like windowes fastned upon a thicke wall onely for uniformitie in the building; though they seeme specious..yet inward they transmit no light at all, because they are laid over an opace body. 1651 J. French Art Distillation v. 168 If you would have this masse not to be transparent but opac. 1697 Philos. Trans. 1695–7 (Royal Soc.) 19 678 Its Leaves are stiff..and opake (i.e.) not to be seen through. 1727 D. Defoe Ess. Hist. Apparitions 26 They are habitable Bodies, solid, opaac, as this Earth. 1757 P. Bacon Oculist ii. i. 50 Here is a suffusion that spreads over part of the pupil, and I am afraid it is quite opaque towards the right corner. 1818 M. Faraday Exper. Res. vii. 19 Exposed to the air these crystals became opake. 1869 J. Tyndall Notes 9 Lect. on Light 21 It is the frequency of the reflexions at the limiting surfaces of air and water that renders foam opaque. 1879 H. James Confidence I. xvii. 277 All this was a good deal for Bernard to see in the course of half a minute, especially through the rather opaque medium of a feeling of irreflective joy. 1907 E. Dillon Glass xvii. 291 Much opaque white glass was made in Germany..in the first years of the eighteenth century. 1925 W. Cather Professor's House i. i. 18 It was a dead, opaque, lumpy solidity, like chunks of putty, or tightly packed sawdust. 1990 Artist's & Illustrator's Mag. May 35/3 Gouache..may be..used as an opaque watercolour for direct painting, or as a translucent watercolour. b. Not transmitting a form of radiation other than light, as sound, heat, or X-rays. Frequently with to. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > heat > transmission of heat > [adjective] > non-conduction non-conducting1751 adiathermic1843 non-conductive1850 opaque1860 adiabatic1870 insulating1945 insulative1945 insulated1964 the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactivity > X-rays > [adjective] > impervious to X-rays opaque1860 radiopaque1917 radiodense1960 the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > particle physics > particle avoiding strong interaction > electron > [adjective] > not transmitting electrons opaque1956 1860 Proc. Royal Soc. 1859–60 10 388 A screen of glass is peculiarly opaque for heat from glass. 1874 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 164 205 The atmosphere..was acoustically opaque. 1903 W. A. Pusey & E. W. Caldwell Pract. Applic. Röntgen Rays vi. 133 It will be a great help to the radiographer if the dressings are of a material which is not opaque to the ray. 1937 I. C. C. Tchaperoff Man. Radiol. Diagnosis iv. 167 The emphysematous area remains transparent in the radiograph.., whereas the normal areas become more opaque on expiration. 1956 Nature 18 Feb. 326/2 The unfractionated polymer..gives crystals which are smaller and more opaque to electrons. 1994 P. Davies Last Three Minutes iii. 25 The primordial gas, consisting mainly of hydrogen, was an ionized plasma and therefore opaque to electromagnetic radiation. 3. a. Hard to understand; obscure in meaning; not clear or lucid. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > unintelligibility > depth, obscurity > [adjective] higheOE dighela1000 deepc1000 darkOE starkOE dusk?c1225 subtle1340 dimc1350 subtilea1393 covert1393 mystica1398 murka1400 cloudyc1400 hard?c1400 mistyc1400 unclearc1400 diffuse1430 abstractc1450 diffused?1456 exquisitec1460 obnubilous?a1475 obscure?a1475 covered1484 intricate?a1500 nice?a1500 perplexeda1500 difficilea1513 difficult1530 privy1532 smoky1533 secret1535 abstruse?1549 difficul1552 entangled1561 confounded1572 darksome1574 obnubilate1575 enigmatical1576 confuse1577 mysteriousa1586 Delphic1598 obfuscatea1600 enfumed1601 Delphicala1603 obstruse1604 abstracted1605 confused1611 questionable1611 inevident1614 recondite1619 cryptic1620 obfuscated1620 transcendent1624 Delphian1625 oraculous1625 enigmatic1628 recluse1629 abdite1635 undilucidated1635 clouded1641 benighted1647 oblite1650 researched1653 obnubilated1658 obscurative1664 tenebrose1677 hyperbyssal1691 condite1695 diffusive1709 profound1710 tenebricose1730 oracular1749 opaque1761 unenlightening1768 darkling1795 offuscating1798 unrecognizable1817 tough1820 abstrusive1848 obscurant1878 out-of-focus1891 unplumbable1895 inenubilable1903 non-transparent1939 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > obscurity > [adjective] darkOE murka1400 cloudyc1400 mistyc1400 unclearc1400 obturate?a1425 obscure?a1439 unplain?c1535 obumbilatec1540 abstruse?1549 darksome1574 mysteriousa1586 obstruse1604 muddy1611 unperspicuous1634 clouded1641 imperspicuous1654 cramp1674 unlucid1711 abstract1725 opaque1761 obumbratory1799 darkling1813 sludgy1901 1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy III. xx. 102 To darken your hypothesis by placing a number of tall, opake words..betwixt your own and your readers conception. 1776 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music I. 237 An opake expression, upon which they are utterly unable to throw a single ray of light. 1845 T. Carlyle in O. Cromwell Lett. & Speeches I. 150 Whoever wishes..may consult the opaque but authentic Commons Journals. 1941 Amer. Lit. 13 81 Fortunately, the opaque sentences are largely confined to the essays about British authors. 1967 M. McLuhan Let. 24 Apr. (1987) 345 You have got very close to some big issues that remain quite opaque in most people. 1988 P. Gay Freud iv. 185 By that time he had become less opaque to his new psychoanalytic friends, for in the beginning he had struck them as hard to read. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > [adjective] sloweOE stuntc960 dullOE hardOE stuntlyc1000 sotc1050 dillc1175 dulta1225 simplea1325 heavy1340 astonedc1374 sheepishc1380 dull-witteda1387 lourd1390 steerishc1411 ass-likea1425 brainless?a1439 deafc1440 sluggishc1450 short-witted1477 obtuse1509 peakish1519 wearish1519 deaf, or dumb as a beetle1520 doileda1522 gross1526 headlessa1530 stulty1532 ass-headed1533 pot-headed1533 stupid?1541 sheep's head1542 doltish1543 dumpish1545 assish1548 blockish1548 slow-witted1548 blockheaded1549 surd1551 dull-headed1552 hammer-headed1552 skit-brained?1553 buzzardly1561 witless1562 log-headeda1566 assy1566 sottish1566 dastardly1567 stupidious1567 beetle-headed1570 calvish1570 bluntish1578 cod's-headed1578 grout-headed1578 bedaft1579 dull-pated1580 blate1581 buzzard-like1581 long-eared1582 dullard1583 woodena1586 duncical1588 leaden-headed1589 buzzard1592 dorbellical1592 dunstical1592 heavy-headeda1593 shallow-brained1592 blunt-witted1594 mossy1597 Bœotian1598 clay-brained1598 fat1598 fat-witted1598 knotty-pated1598 stupidous1598 wit-lost1599 barren1600 duncifiedc1600 lourdish1600 stockish1600 thick1600 booby1603 leaden-pated1603 partless1603 thin-headed1603 leaden-skulledc1604 blockhead1606 frost-brained1606 ram-headed1608 beef-witted1609 insulse1609 leaden-spirited1609 asininec1610 clumse1611 blockheadly1612 wattle-headed1613 flata1616 logger-headeda1616 puppy-headeda1616 shallow-patedc1616 thick-brained1619 half-headed1621 buzzard-blinda1625 beef-brained1628 toom-headed1629 thick-witted1634 woollen-witted1635 squirrel-headed1637 clod-pated1639 lean-souled1639 muddy-headed1642 leaden-witteda1645 as sad as any mallet1645 under-headed1646 fat-headed1647 half-witted1647 insipid1651 insulsate1652 soft-headed1653 thick-skulleda1657 muddish1658 non-intelligent1659 whey-brained1660 sap-headed1665 timber-headed1666 leather-headeda1668 out of (one's) tree1669 boobily1673 thoughtless1673 lourdly1674 logger1675 unintelligenta1676 Bœotic1678 chicken-brained1678 under-witted1683 loggerhead1684 dunderheaded1692 unintelligible1694 buffle-headed1697 crassicc1700 numbskulled1707 crassous1708 doddy-polled1708 haggis-headed1715 niddy-noddy1722 muzzy1723 pudding-headed1726 sumphish1728 pitcher-souleda1739 duncey1743 hebete1743 chuckheaded1756 dumb1756 duncely1757 imbecile1766 mutton-headed1768 chuckle-headed1770 jobbernowl1770 dowfarta1774 boobyish1778 wittol1780 staumrel1787 opaquec1789 stoopid1791 mud-headed1793 borné1795 muzzy-headed1798 nog-headed1800 thick-headed1801 gypit1804 duncish1805 lightweight1809 numbskull1814 tup-headed1816 chuckle-pate1820 unintellectuala1821 dense1822 ninnyish1822 dunch1825 fozy1825 potato-headed1826 beef-headed1828 donkeyish1831 blockheadish1833 pinheaded1837 squirrel-minded1837 pumpkin-headed1838 tomfoolish1838 dundering1840 chicken-headed1842 like a bump on a log1842 ninny-minded1849 numbheadeda1852 nincompoopish1852 suet-brained1852 dolly1853 mullet-headed1853 sodden1853 fiddle-headed1854 numb1854 bovine1855 logy1859 crass1861 unsmart1861 off his chump1864 wooden-headed1865 stupe1866 lean-minded1867 duffing1869 cretinous1871 doddering1871 thick-head1873 doddling1874 stupido1879 boneheaded1883 woolly-headed1883 leaden-natured1889 suet-headed1890 sam-sodden1891 dopey1896 turnip-headed1898 bonehead1903 wool-witted1905 peanut-headed1906 peanut-brained1907 dilly1909 torpid-minded1909 retardate1912 nitwitted1917 meat-headed1918 mug1922 cloth-headed1925 loopy1925 nitwit1928 lame-brained1929 dead from the neck up1930 simpy1932 nail-headed1936 square-headed1936 dingbats1937 pinhead1939 dim-witted1940 pea-brained1942 clueless1943 lobotomized1943 retarded1949 pointy-headed1950 clottish1952 like a stunned mullet1953 silly (or crazy) as a two-bob watch1954 out to lunch1955 pin-brained1958 dozy1959 eejity1964 out of one's tiny mind1965 doofus1967 twitty1967 twittish1969 twatty1975 twattish1976 blur1977 dof1979 goofus1981 dickheaded1991 dickish1991 numpty1992 cockish1996 c1789 J. Woodhouse Love Let. viii, in Poet. Wks (1896) 226 How glittering Demigoddesses, and Gods, Eclipse Us, poor, opaque, and vulgar, Clods. a1809 A. Seward Poet. Wks (1810) I. 29 Cold privation had assign'd His form unlovely, as opake his mind. 1882 M. Oliphant Lit. Hist. Eng. III. 227 Too opaque to understand her husband's jeers. 1886 W. W. Story Poems II. 103 The company's..Made up of fellows..some of whose notions are rather opaque Of the laws that govern property. 4. Linguistics. a. Not obvious in meaning; esp. (of a word) that was originally a compound or derivative but is now a simplex, and so has a meaning that cannot be deduced from its form or sound. ΚΠ 1949 Archivum Linguisticum 1 129 Housewife = house + wife—as against its opaque doublet hussy. 1962 S. Ullman Semantics iv. 110 Sound-change has played an important part in making French into a relatively opaque idiom. 1989 Eng. World-wide 10 300 Synchronically, such formations [sc. compounds formed by way of folk-etymology] are recognizable since they are either opaque, or their obvious meaning is misleading. b. Of a rule in phonology: that cannot be extrapolated from every occurrence; subject to exceptions, esp. as a result of language change. ΚΠ 1971 P. Kiparsky in W. O. Dingwall Surv. Ling. Sci. 621 Define the concept opacity of a rule as follows:..A rule A→B/C–D is opaque to the extent that there are surface representations of the form (i) A in environment C–D or (ii) B in environment other than C–D. 1974 S. R. Anderson Organization of Phonol. xii. 209 Historical change can be seen to operate on nontransparent (or opaque) rules so as to make them more transparent or to eliminate them from the grammar. 1997 W. J. Idsardi in I. Roca Derivations & Constraints in Phonol. 373 Hebrew spirantization is a typical example of an opaque rule, because later rules, such as vowel deletion, obscure the application environment in the surface form. B. n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > transparency or translucence > opacity > [noun] > opaque object or medium opaque1742 1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the First 4 Thro' this Opaque of Nature, and of Woe, This double Night, transmit one pitying ray, To lighten, and to chear. ?1760 J. Langhorne Poems Several Occasions 152 The golden Stars, As frightened at the strange opaque, retir'd. 1785 S. J. Pratt Tears of Genius 79 Not a gleam softens the black opaque. 1814 R. Southey Roderick xxi. 275 I watch'd..And deem'd the deep opake would blot her beams. 1824 S. E. Ferrier Inheritance xxxvi The light began to penetrate the dim opaque of his understanding. 1877 T. Cooper Poet. Wks. 218 Eyes..that cleft The dread opaque gleefully. b. A shade for the eyes. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instruments for protecting the sight > [noun] > shade eyeshade1749 lightshade1799 shade1801 opaque1900 1900 Westm. Gaz. 21 Jan. 1/2 Mr. B., who has suffered by a lamp explosion, appeared with an opaque stuck over his forehead for the protection of his eyes from the rays of electric light. c. A garment or material that is opaque rather than translucent. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun] > garment or article of raileOE i-wedeOE reafOE shroudc1000 weedOE back-cloth?c1225 hatter?c1225 clouta1300 coverturec1300 garment1340 vesturec1384 clothc1385 vestmentc1386 jeryne?a1400 clothinga1425 gilla1438 raiment1440 haterella1450 vestimenta1500 indumenta1513 paitclaith1550 casceis1578 attire1587 amice1600 implements1601 cladment1647 enduement1650 vest1655 body garment1688 wearable1711 sledo1719 rag1855 number1894 opaque1903 daytimer1936 1903 Westm. Gaz. 20 Aug. 4/1 A red batiste of voile or open canvas is more lovable than a red face-cloth or serge or tweed or linen; and, again, it is to be noted how of these red opaques the linen is better than the others. 1990 Fashion Forecast Internat. Sept. 91/1 (advt.) The lycra-based quartette of two sheers and two opaques carry the hallmark of a distinctive woven waistband with logo. 1999 Daily Tel. 6 Sept. 14/4 The problem with plain black opaques is that they clash stylistically with the slightly folky, boho twist to many of this autumn's clothes. d. A colour or finish that completely hides the previous finish. Also: one that is matt, not shiny or lustrous. ΚΠ 1929 W. B. Pitkin Art of Rapid Reading v. 202 Certain colored opaques which are necessary to obtain a range of colors in our enamels cost from $4 to $6 a pound. 1985 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 9 Aug. a16 The Italian group of designers that in the early 1980's embraced the florid colors, opaques and particularly the prominent green and red tinctures. 2002 Glass Age (Nexis) 23 Oct. 33 The range of finishes includes, opaques, metallics, pearlescent and multi coloured finishes. e. Mineralogy. A mineral that appears black in thin section when viewed in polarized light. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > [noun] > other general types fluor1610 sulphur1799 amygdule1877 heavy mineral1893 fem1902 sal1902 stress mineral1913 opaque1960 1960 Jrnl. Sedimentary Petrol. 30 404 Southwestern Rhode Island beach sands are composed of a great variety of minerals, the most common of which are amphiboles.., and black opaques. 1982 Science 25 June 1406/3 The low albedo of type P [asteroids] is consistent with the presence of low-temperature opaques such as carbonaceous material. 2001 Jrnl. Arid Environments 48 475 The heavy minerals are dominated by opaques and pyroxenes. 2. Photography. a. A substance used for producing an opaque area on a negative, as in retouching. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > chemicals > [noun] > others accelerator1843 nitroglucose1852 restrainer1865 medium1867 intensifier1883 stop bath1898 opaque1908 bleacher1911 coupler1938 wash1953 1908 J. B. Schriever & T. H. Cummings Compl. Self-instructing Libr. Pract. Photogr. IV. xl. 322 To make the opaque, add one ounce of No. 1 to four ounces of No. 2. 1943 Chem. Abstr. 37 1946 (heading) Removing opaque from photographic negatives. 1953 A. Sussman Amateur Photographer's Handbk. (ed. 4) xiv. 254 To spot a negative you can use a little India ink or you can buy a cake of opaque. b. A photographic print made on opaque paper, as opposed to a transparency. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > a photograph > [noun] > photograph by process tithonograph1842 platinotype1844 daguerreotype1849 crystallotype1852 catalysotype1853 black print1855 sun print1855 blueprint1857 ferrotype1857 tin-type1864 pyro-photograph1869 opalotype1873 gelatine picture1875 hellenotype1875 panotype1875 silver print1878 autophotograph1880 platinum print1881 bromide print1885 solar1889 solar print1889 shadowgraph1896 skiagraph1896 rotograph1899 autochrome1902 rayogram1932 reduction print1933 photogram1934 blow-up1945 Polaroid1953 opaque1959 bromide1967 1959 Recomm. for Density & Contrast Range of Monochrome Films (B.S.I.) 5 Prints of black-and-white photographic opaques should be made in such a way that a middle tone..will have a reflection density within the range 0·5 to 0·7. 1969 Focal Encycl. Film & Television Techniques 518/1 Opaque, term contrasting with transparency, such as a lantern slide, to denote a printed picture on opaque paper. 1971 G. Chester et al. Television & Radio (ed. 4) xviii. 306 The area where a majority of films, slides, and opaques start on their transmission path is referred to as the ‘telecine’ or film projection room. Compounds opaque-looking adj. ΚΠ 1847 J. H. Ingraham Paul Perril iv. 17 A dark chamber, dimly lighted by an opaque looking lantern. 1858 Househ. Words 4 Dec. 5/1 Opaque-looking grapes and shelly, earthy-looking pomegranates. 1996 Tulsa World (Nexis) 2 Dec. (Her World section) 8 Some people want that bright, white, opaque-looking Hollywood smile. ΚΠ 1793 R. Burns Let. 26 Apr. (2003) II. 212 If any opaque-souled lubber of mankind complain. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). opaquev. Originally poetic. transitive. To render opaque. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > transparency or translucence > opacity > render opaque [verb (transitive)] opacate1660 nubilatea1697 opaque1718 opacify1940 1718 T. Purney Chevalier de St. George ii. 11 Now Cynthia's Face was veil'd, high Heav'n opak'd. 1854 J. S. Bigg Night & Soul ii. 38 Those unhappy ones..Whose dead atmosphere opaques all things. 1880 S. Lanier Crystal in Poems 23 Not one but winks His ray, opaqued with intermittent mist. 1888 Sci. Amer. 59 235/3 The most..practical way of opaqueing the backgrounds on negatives of furniture. 1921 Science 14 Oct. 358/1 It is usually the practise to opaque the background of the negative as an aid in determining how far to carry the development to print. 1932 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 19 731 (caption) Background opaqued for better contrast. 1980 J. Walker Graphic Arts Fund vi. 116/2 (caption) Stripping operations require sharp knives, scissors and brushes for opaquing pinholes. 1990 G. Bear Queen of Angels (1991) i. xxii. 127 The cab opaqued its windows and took them to another level, then stopped. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.?1440v.1718 |
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