orthoadj.¹adv.

Brit.

/ˈɔːθəʊ/, U.S.

/ˈɔrθoʊ/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ortho- comb. form.

Etymology: < ortho- comb. form. With senses A. 1 and B. compare ortho- comb. form 2b, and with sense A. 2 compare ortho- comb. form 3.

A. adj.¹

1. Chemistry. Now frequently italicized. Designating a configuration of a benzene ring in which substituent groups are attached to two adjacent carbon atoms (e.g. in the 1,2 configuration); characterized by or having such a configuration; located at the carbon atom adjacent to a given substituent. Cf. meta adj. 1, ortho- comb. form 2b, para adj.¹

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemistry as a science > naming conventions > [adjective] > independent words

meta1876

ortho1876

para1876

P1899

onium1905

ol1907

oxo1935

nido1967

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [adjective] > benzene > position prefix

meta1876

ortho1876

para1876

1876 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 29 240 An influence is exercised by the NO₂-group in favouring the displacement of Cl, Br,..&c., only when it is in the ortho (1:2) or para (1:4) position relatively to one or other of these radicles.

1920 Conquest Apr. 260/3 The ortho acid is the one of use to the Saccharin manufacturer, the para form producing a compound of very slight sweetening power.

1938 L. F. Fieser in H. Gilman Org. Chem. I. ii. 73 The ortho coupling and ortho bromination of phenols involve substitution at the carbon atom connected to that carrying the hydroxyl group by a double linkage.

1954 T. Vickerstaff Physical Chem. Dyeing (ed. 2) xiii. 481 A great many chrome dyes are normal acid azo dyes containing hydroxyl or amino substituents in the ortho position to the azo linkage.

2001 J. Clayden et al. Org. Chem. xxii. 560 If the reactions occurred merely statistically, we should expect twice as much ortho as para product because there are two ortho positions.

2. Physics and Chemistry. Characterized by or relating to the state of having parallel spins. Cf. ortho- comb. form 3.

ΚΠ

1927 T. Verschoyle tr. A. E. Haas Atomic Theory v. 182 No spectroscopic transition between the normal para-term and the lowest (two-quantum) ortho-term is possible.

1939 J. W. T. Spinks tr. G. Herzberg Molecular Spectra I. iii. 150 The modification with the greater statistical weight is usually called the ortho modification and that with the smaller weight the para modification.

1966 D. H. Whiffen Spectrosc. ix. 114 The best-known example is hydrogen where the ortho states with odd J have three times the degeneracy of the even J or para states.

1977 Sci. Amer. Oct. 66/3 The parallel quark spins combine to give each meson one unit of spin. This arrangement of spins is known in atomic physics as the ‘ortho’ configuration.

1988 F. A. Cotton & G. Wilkinson Adv. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 5) iii. 87 Molecular H₂ (and D₂) have ortho and para forms in which the nuclear spins are aligned or opposed, respectively.

B. adv.

Chemistry. Now frequently italicized. In or to an ortho position; at a carbon atom adjacent to another substituent group. Cf. meta adv., ortho- comb. form 2b, para adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [adverb] > benzene > position prefix

ortho1938

1938 L. F. Fieser in H. Gilman Org. Chem. I. ii. 146 There is..no such enormous difference in reaction rate..as there is between the ortho-para directing amines and the meta orienting ammonium salts.

1949 J. English & H. G. Cassidy Princ. Org. Chem. vi. 106 Why should one group orient predominantly ortho and para, and another predominantly meta?

1968 G. E. Coates et al. Princ. Organometallic Chem. ii. 26 Contrast the effect of heat on mercuric benzoate, when substitution of the aromatic ring ortho to the carboxyl group occurs.

1971 J. D. Roberts et al. Org. Chem. xx. 573 Halogen substituents..strongly orient ortho and para through conjugation of the unshared electron pairs.

1989 R. Dryer & G. Lata Exper. Biochem. iii. i. 486 Iodination is presumed to introduce one iodine atom at one position ortho to the tyrosine phenolic groups.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

orthoadj.²n.

Brit.

/ˈɔːθəʊ/, U.S.

/ˈɔrθoʊ/

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: orthochromatic adj.

Etymology: Shortened < orthochromatic adj.

Photography.

= orthochromatic adj. 1. Also as n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [adjective] > type of plate

autochrome1907

ortho1956

1904 G. B. Shaw Let. 26 July (1972) II. 435 I have..a box of half-plate extra-rapid Ortho plates which I got 6 months ago.

1906 Westm. Gaz. 17 May 14/2 The Barnet medium ortho is about half the speed of the well-known extra-rapid Barnet ortho-plate.

1956 E. Mytum Introd. Photogr. Materials iii. 58 If the emulsion is optically sensitized by a dye which absorbs green and yellow light, it is said to be orthochromatic, often abbreviated to ‘ortho’.

1976 Science 16 Apr. 265/1 High-contrast film (Kodalith ortho film, type 3) was directly exposed to magnified Ronchi rulings projected by an enlarger.

1998 V. K. McElheny Insisting on Impossible x. 174 Exploring the relationship between the structure of silver deposited into an image and its color, he [sc. Edwin Land] experimented with Kodak Contrast Ortho film.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ortho
释义	orthoadj.¹adv. Brit. /ˈɔːθəʊ/, U.S. /ˈɔrθoʊ/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ortho- comb. form. Etymology: < ortho- comb. form. With senses A. 1 and B. compare ortho- comb. form 2b, and with sense A. 2 compare ortho- comb. form 3. A. adj.¹ 1. Chemistry. Now frequently italicized. Designating a configuration of a benzene ring in which substituent groups are attached to two adjacent carbon atoms (e.g. in the 1,2 configuration); characterized by or having such a configuration; located at the carbon atom adjacent to a given substituent. Cf. meta adj. 1, ortho- comb. form 2b, para adj.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemistry as a science > naming conventions > [adjective] > independent words meta1876 ortho1876 para1876 P1899 onium1905 ol1907 oxo1935 nido1967 the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [adjective] > benzene > position prefix meta1876 ortho1876 para1876 1876 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 29 240 An influence is exercised by the NO₂-group in favouring the displacement of Cl, Br,..&c., only when it is in the ortho (1:2) or para (1:4) position relatively to one or other of these radicles. 1920 Conquest Apr. 260/3 The ortho acid is the one of use to the Saccharin manufacturer, the para form producing a compound of very slight sweetening power. 1938 L. F. Fieser in H. Gilman Org. Chem. I. ii. 73 The ortho coupling and ortho bromination of phenols involve substitution at the carbon atom connected to that carrying the hydroxyl group by a double linkage. 1954 T. Vickerstaff Physical Chem. Dyeing (ed. 2) xiii. 481 A great many chrome dyes are normal acid azo dyes containing hydroxyl or amino substituents in the ortho position to the azo linkage. 2001 J. Clayden et al. Org. Chem. xxii. 560 If the reactions occurred merely statistically, we should expect twice as much ortho as para product because there are two ortho positions. 2. Physics and Chemistry. Characterized by or relating to the state of having parallel spins. Cf. ortho- comb. form 3. ΚΠ 1927 T. Verschoyle tr. A. E. Haas Atomic Theory v. 182 No spectroscopic transition between the normal para-term and the lowest (two-quantum) ortho-term is possible. 1939 J. W. T. Spinks tr. G. Herzberg Molecular Spectra I. iii. 150 The modification with the greater statistical weight is usually called the ortho modification and that with the smaller weight the para modification. 1966 D. H. Whiffen Spectrosc. ix. 114 The best-known example is hydrogen where the ortho states with odd J have three times the degeneracy of the even J or para states. 1977 Sci. Amer. Oct. 66/3 The parallel quark spins combine to give each meson one unit of spin. This arrangement of spins is known in atomic physics as the ‘ortho’ configuration. 1988 F. A. Cotton & G. Wilkinson Adv. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 5) iii. 87 Molecular H₂ (and D₂) have ortho and para forms in which the nuclear spins are aligned or opposed, respectively. B. adv. Chemistry. Now frequently italicized. In or to an ortho position; at a carbon atom adjacent to another substituent group. Cf. meta adv., ortho- comb. form 2b, para adv. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [adverb] > benzene > position prefix ortho1938 1938 L. F. Fieser in H. Gilman Org. Chem. I. ii. 146 There is..no such enormous difference in reaction rate..as there is between the ortho-para directing amines and the meta orienting ammonium salts. 1949 J. English & H. G. Cassidy Princ. Org. Chem. vi. 106 Why should one group orient predominantly ortho and para, and another predominantly meta? 1968 G. E. Coates et al. Princ. Organometallic Chem. ii. 26 Contrast the effect of heat on mercuric benzoate, when substitution of the aromatic ring ortho to the carboxyl group occurs. 1971 J. D. Roberts et al. Org. Chem. xx. 573 Halogen substituents..strongly orient ortho and para through conjugation of the unshared electron pairs. 1989 R. Dryer & G. Lata Exper. Biochem. iii. i. 486 Iodination is presumed to introduce one iodine atom at one position ortho to the tyrosine phenolic groups. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). orthoadj.²n. Brit. /ˈɔːθəʊ/, U.S. /ˈɔrθoʊ/ Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: orthochromatic adj. Etymology: Shortened < orthochromatic adj. Photography. = orthochromatic adj. 1. Also as n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [adjective] > type of plate autochrome1907 ortho1956 1904 G. B. Shaw Let. 26 July (1972) II. 435 I have..a box of half-plate extra-rapid Ortho plates which I got 6 months ago. 1906 Westm. Gaz. 17 May 14/2 The Barnet medium ortho is about half the speed of the well-known extra-rapid Barnet ortho-plate. 1956 E. Mytum Introd. Photogr. Materials iii. 58 If the emulsion is optically sensitized by a dye which absorbs green and yellow light, it is said to be orthochromatic, often abbreviated to ‘ortho’. 1976 Science 16 Apr. 265/1 High-contrast film (Kodalith ortho film, type 3) was directly exposed to magnified Ronchi rulings projected by an enlarger. 1998 V. K. McElheny Insisting on Impossible x. 174 Exploring the relationship between the structure of silver deposited into an image and its color, he [sc. Edwin Land] experimented with Kodak Contrast Ortho film. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see also also refers to : ortho-comb. form < adj.¹adv.1876adj.²n.1904 see also
随便看	muniment house muniment room muniments muninga munion munis munish munite munited munites muniting munition munition bread munition dump munition factory munition girl munition house munition of war munition ship munition work munition worker munition works mourner's seat mourneress mourners

orthoadj.1adv.

orthoadj.2n.

> see also

orthoadj.¹adv.

orthoadj.²n.