ortho-comb. form

1890 Cent. Dict. Ortho-axis, same as orthodiagonal.

1910 Encycl. Brit. VII. 579/1 The axis which is perpendicular to the other two..is called the ortho-axis or ortho-diagonal.

1966 R. Webster Pract. Gemmol. (ed. 4) iii. 22 One axis is placed vertically and of the other two lateral axes, the one at right angles to the vertical axis is called the ortho axis and the axis which is inclined, the clino axis.

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Orthobasicus, applied by Naumann to systems of crystallization that are coördinate, orthagonal or rectangular, viz., the tessular, prismatic, pyramidal and rhombohedrical: orthobasic.

1881 Jrnl. Bot., Brit. & Foreign 19 115 This species belongs to the orthocarpous leiophyllous Hypnaceae.

1892 Bot. Gaz. 17 230 For the degree of M. S. [at the University of Wisconsin], Mr. Rodney H. True presented a thesis ‘On certain species of the so-called orthocarpous Dicrana’.

1844 Mechanics' Mag. 41 337 At the late meeting of the British Association, Dr. Robinson exhibited and explained the Orthochronograph, an ingenious instrument recently introduced..[for] the ascertaining of correct time.

1882 W. A. Forbes in Rep. Challenger Exp. IV. 10 The arrangement of the intestinal folds is ‘orthocœlic’, the intestine being disposed in light folds lying close to and parallel with each other.

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Orthocœlus, applied by C. G. Ehrenberg to the Infusoria Enterodela, of which the intestine canal is straight, parallel to the longitudinal axis..: orthocelous.

1889 Proc. Zool. Soc. 304 If the intestine forms a number of (mostly closed) loops..parallel with each other in the long axis of the body, we term this arrangement Orthocœlous, or straight-gutted.

1889 Proc. Zool. Soc. 311 The alcidæ are pericœlous and strictly orthocœlous.

1918 J. G. Frazer Folk-lore in Old Test. II. ii. vi. 98 It has become customary to call the marriageable cousins cross-cousins, because..the related parents are of opposite or cross sexes. There has hitherto been no special name for the unmarriageable cousins, the children of two brothers or of two sisters, but for convenience I propose to call them ortho-cousins to distinguish them from cross-cousins. In the case of ortho-cousins the related parents are of the same sex.

1932 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Jan. 265 All ortho-cousins are forbidden, while cross-cousins are considered suitable mates.

1972 D. Davies Dict. Anthropol. 141 Ortho-Cousin, a term little used now,..can be a synonym for parallel cousin..or for a parallel cousin of the same unilineal descent..group as the person concerned.

1891 C. Taylor Elem. Geom. Conics (ed. 7) iv. §31 The locus of the point of concourse of a pair of tangents at right angles will be shewn to be a circle, which we shall term the Orthocycle. [Note] It has also been named the Director Circle, since in the parabola it degenerates into the directrix and the line infinity.

1905 Amer. Math. Monthly 12 2 The term director circle..is frequently misapplied to what is more properly called the ortho-cycle; which latter is in no sense a directrix; and merely happens to coincide with it, and the true director circle, in the special case of the parabola.

1854 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 4) I. i. ii. 44 The vertical axis a is oblique to b, the clinodiagonal, but at right angles with c, the orthodiagonal.

1854 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 4) I. i. ii. 86 Let the inclination of +1 on the clinodiagonal section be designated by X; on the orthodiagonal section by Y.

1879 F. Rutley Study of Rocks ix. 80 Sections lying in the zone of the orthodiagonal.

1922 A. E. H. Tutton Crystallogr. xvi. 249 The symmetry axis b, being at right angles to the vertical axis, is termed the ‘ortho-diagonal’ for discipline purposes, and the axis a because inclined to the vertical axis c, is called the ‘clino-diagonal’.

1927 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 114 225 In the space-groups based on Γ_m, the planes which may be halved are {010}, and planes of the orthodiagonal zone {h0l}.

1956 Jrnl. Chem. Physics 24 1239 (heading) Magnetic properties of a gadolinium orthoferrite, GdFeO₃, crystal.

1971 Sci. Amer. June 83/2 The first magnetic materials found to have the desired properties for studying the new bubble technology were orthoferrites, a special class of ferrites with the chemical formula RFeO₃, where R represents yttrium or one or more rare-earth elements. Samarium terbium orthoferrite is a good example.

2000 Jrnl. Magnetism & Magnetic Materials 220 18 This paper presents the results of AC-susceptibility measurements performed on TmFeO₃ single-crystal orthoferrite.

1897 Lancet 18 Sept. 738/1 It has been found by Dr. Einhorn and Dr. Heintz [sic], of Munich, that the compound methylic ether of amidoxybenzoic acid is possessed of remarkable anæsthetic, or rather analgesic, properties when locally applied. To this substance the name of ‘orthoform’ has been given.

1940 F. R. Davison Synopsis Mat. Med. xi. 383 Orthoform..has also been used in dentistry, nasal catarrh, hay fever, and in similar conditions.

2001 Current Topics Med. Chem. 1 175 New amino ester local anesthetics were synthesized between 1891 and 1930, such as tropocaine, eucaine, holocaine, orthoform, benzocaine, and tetracaine.

1874 R. Brown Man. Bot. ix. 418 These circuitous methods of fertilisation may be called Heterogamy, or ‘crooked fertilisation’, in contradistinction to the typical and orthodox method, which may be styled Orthogamy, or direct (‘straight’) fertilisation.

1907 Practitioner Apr. 530 The chief disadvantage of Goldscheider's ortho-percussion is that it requires an absolutely silent room.

1916 L. F. Barker Monogr. Med. II. 499 In orthopercussion, the force of the blow is directed exactly perpendicular to the surface.

1966 Lancet 31 Dec. 1469/1 The technique of percussion (ortho~percussion) of the patient's abdomen in order to recognise peritoneal irritation is shown.

1965 Photogrammetric Engin. 31 223/1 Several stereo aerial models from test areas were successfully compiled into contour maps and orthophotos.

1979 Sci. Amer. Apr. 28/3 Essentially an orthophoto is an aerial photograph which has been rectified and on which contour lines, spot heights, and other information are superimposed.

2002 Ecol. Modelling 153 229 A percent tree canopy cover map was created from digital orthophotos using a linear regression model.

1955 Photogrammetric Engin. 21 529/2 Given an orthophotograph, the engineer, surveyor, forester, geologist,..can correlate points imaged on the orthophotograph with points observed on the ground, and..make direct measurements on the orthophotograph to determine distances between points.

1986 C. P. Lo Appl. Remote Sensing viii. 343 The orthophotograph produced is essentially a photographic reproduction of the aerial photograph in which the distortion of images due to tilts and relief have all been removed.

2002 Photogrammetric Rec. 17 441 Digital elevation models, orthophotographs and perspective views are becoming invaluable to the conservator as a record of a monument or site prior to some form of intervention or historical analysis.

1966 4th U.N. Regional Cartogr. Conf. Asia & Far East II. 383 The reaction of the map-using public to orthophotomaps is being closely observed.

1974 Geo Abstr. G. 520 The Topographic Division of the U.S. Geological Survey produces a series of orthophoto products ranging from separate photos for in-house use..to the multicoloured orthophotomap.

1992 Economist 28 Mar. 4/3 Data gathered in the field are being analysed for the purposes of producing a set of large-scale orthophoto maps.

1872 T. Egleston Descriptive Mineral. p. xxii (table) Orthoprism.

1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. §328 The vertical or ortho-prism.., usually distinguished as the prism-form, the faces of which lie in the zone [100, 010].

1922 A. E. H. Tutton Crystallogr. xvi. 252 The two forms together make up an open prism parallel to the ortho-diagonal..which is called, analogously to the clino-prism, an ortho-prism or orthodomal prism.

1872 T. Egleston Descriptive Mineral. p. xxii (table) Orthopyramid.

1898 E. S. Dana Text-bk. Mineral. (new ed.) 101 The pyramids may be unit pyramids (hhl), orthopyramids, (hkl) when h >k, or clinopyramids, (hkl) when h <k.

1921 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 29 655 By orthoquartzite is meant rock cemented only through infiltration and pressure.

1947 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 55 340/1 Perhaps the names ‘orthoquartzite’ and ‘quartzose sandstone’ would safeguard against the misconception that they are metamorphic rocks.

1974 W. R. Hamilton et al. Hamlyn Guide Minerals Rocks & Fossils 194 Rocks composed almost wholly of quartz grains with a silica cement are known as ‘pure’ sandstones or orthoquartzites.

2001 Sedimentary Geol. 141–2 255 Seas transgressed onto the craton..in Jatulian time as evidenced by widespread orthoquartzites (including tidalites) and stromatolitic carbonates.

1854 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Orthotypous, in mineralogy, having a perpendicular cleavage.

1958 Radiology 71 641 (title) Orthovoltage rotation therapy: six years experience in a general hospital.

1972 P. Barnes & D. Rees Conc. Textbk. Radiotherapy iii. 63 In recent years there has been a tendency for deep X-ray therapy (orthovoltage radiation) to be largely superseded by megavoltage therapy as the advantages of the higher energy radiation become more generally appreciated.

2003 European Jrnl. Dermatol. 13 49 The study included 104 patients with cutaneous follicle center cell lymphoma treated with orthovoltage radiotherapy.

1966 B. V. Derjaguin in Discuss. Faraday Soc. 42 118 The usual state of water and certain other liquids is thermodynamically metastable... It would be convenient to call ‘usual water’ metawater, and the anomalous columns—orthowater.

1970 Compton Yearbk. 176/2 The substance, variously called orthowater, anomalous water, polywater, and superwater, differs radically from ordinary water.

1984 N. N. Greenwood & A. Earnshaw Chem. of Elements (1986) xiv. 741 The supposed compound, variously called anomalous water, orthowater, [etc.]..was prepared in minute amounts by condensing purified ‘ordinary water’ into fine, freshly drawn glass capillaries of diameter 1–3μm.

1872 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 25 893 (heading) Preparation of orthoxylene from liquid bromotoluene.

1877 H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 12) II. 422 The di-derivatives of benzene..exhibit three such modifications which are distinguished by the prefixes ortho, meta, and para: thus..Orthodichlorobenzene, 1:2, C₆ClClHHHH, Metadichlorobenzene, 1:3, C₆ClHClHHH; Paradichlorobenzene, 1:4, C₆ClHHClHH.

1900 E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter Org. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 390 Isonuclear substitution products with adjacent substituents show in general the same deportment as the ortho-substitution products of benzene.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 728/2 If..the mixture be preserved at a low temperature and allowed gradually to hydrate; and then boiled with water, besides para-acid a considerable amount of ortho-acid is also produced.

1903 A. J. Walker & O. E. Mott tr. A. F. Holleman Text-bk. Org. Chem. II. 347 1:2 = 1:6 substitution-products are called ortho-compounds.

1931 Discovery Sept. 286/1 One of the most effective chemicals for dealing with furniture and death watch beetles is ortho-dichlor-benzene.

1948 Sci. Monthly Oct. 306/2 Another development of major importance is the production of phthalic anhydride from ortho-xylene.

1995 Independent 14 Apr. 5/2 Dr Hay said the chemical ortho-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile—CS gas—was a ‘supreme irritant’.

2002 Global News Wire (Nexis) 27 Dec. The refinery-cum-petrochemical complex of BRPL at Bongaigaon in Assam has a capacity to process..6000 tonnes of orthoxylene per annum.