oupan.

1915 D. Fairbridge Torch Bearer 71 ‘Ou'pa has gone for a drive and Ou'ma is sick in bed,’ he said in jerky English.

1920 R. Y. Stormberg Mrs. Pieter de Bruyn 40 I had secret misgivings that the Nooitgedacht sheep wouldn't pass the test, even though Oupa Cloete is nearly stone blind.

1939 S. Cloete Watch for Dawn 161 What is it? Tell me, oupa.

1945 Outspan (Bloemfontein) 20 July 37 I have shown my old film..in hundreds of towns and dorps right through South Africa..to the ooms and oupas of the platteland.

1959 J. Meiring Candle in Wind 16 She laughed a little to herself as she remembered the old oupa who had come down from Middleburg to visit the Stompies family.

1976 J. McClure Rogue Eagle xii. 204 Wolraad grinned... ‘Where's Pa gone, oupa?’ he asked.

1990 Fair Lady (Cape Town) 6 June 110 Our children have only benefitted from having 24-hour grandparents. There is no pressure to visit Ouma and Oupa—they are there for the children and the children enjoy them.

2000 Business Day (S. Afr.) 28 Jan. 12/4 Why, my oupa Abraham even slurped his tea from the saucer, a habit the Brits picked up in India.