orthodoxadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈɔːθədɒks/, U.S.

/ˈɔrθəˌdɑks/

Forms: late Middle English ortodox, late Middle English 1600s orthodoxe, 1500s– orthodox.

Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Perhaps also partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin orthodoxus; Greek ὀρθόδοξος; French orthodoxe.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin orthodoxus, ortodoxus, adjective and noun (4th cent.; frequently in Jerome) and its etymon Hellenistic or Byzantine Greek ὀρθόδοξος right in opinion (see note), person holding a right opinion < ancient Greek ὀρθο- ortho- comb. form + δόξα opinion, glory (see doxology n.). In English perhaps partly via Middle French, French orthodoxe (1431 as adjective, a1565 as noun). Compare Italian ortodosso (1478 as adjective).Ancient Greek ὀρθοδοξεῖν ‘to have a right opinion’ appears first in Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics, but remains rare. The cognate noun ὀρθοδοξία appears first in Origen; the adjective ὀρθόδοξος does not appear until the late 3rd, or early 4th cent. With the exception of uses in commentaries on Nicomachean Ethics the group of words is restricted almost entirely to Christian writers.

A. adj.

1. Right, correct, true; in accordance with what is accepted or authoritatively established as the true view or right practice.

a. Of, belonging to, or in accordance with the accepted theological or ecclesiastical doctrines of a particular religion, etc.; (also) designating practices or beliefs conforming with these.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > orthodoxy > [adjective]

righteOE

orthodoxc1454

catholicc1500

sound1526

catholicala1530

orthodoxastical1570

orthodoxical1577

orthodoxal1607

symmetral1660

hardshell1836

hard-shelled1842

observant1902

bien pensant1923

c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 69 (MED) Þe same feiþ we clepen ortodox feiþ, þat is to seie, riȝt feiþ.

1581 J. Hamilton (title) Certane orthodox and catholik conclusions vith yair probations.

1616 R. Betts tr. King James VI & I Remonstr. Right of Kings 146 To maintaine the precepts of the Orthodox faith.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia at Catholicisme The orthodox faith of the Catholick Church.

1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 187. ⁋1 The Doctrine is received amongst you as Orthodox.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xxvii. 22 The scourge of Arianism, and the pillar of the orthodox faith.

1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. i. 101 Athough seceders in some respects from the orthodox religion of the Hindus, the Sikhs retain so many essential articles of the Brahmanical faith, that [etc.].

1885 M. Dods in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 668/2 In Islam..the orthodox doctrine is thus stated by Al-Berkevi.

1972 C. L. Cooper in W. King Black Short Story Anthol. 237 With Famat's help,..I came to grasp an ology that was an intermixture of Ax, orthodox Islam, and theory.

2002 N. Drury Dict. Esoteric 193/1 Macumba..counts among its devotees a number of intellectuals, who have embraced it as a more exhilarating and rewarding religion than orthodox Christianity.

b. In extended use: of or in accordance with views, attitudes, beliefs, or practices prevalent or established in a particular society, field, profession, party, etc.; conventional.Now frequently designating a branch (usually the major branch) of a science or discipline whose principles and methods are regarded as authoritative or founded in established theory.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [adjective] > accepted, orthodox

sincere1536

orthodox1659

favoured1891

1659 Clarke Papers (2005) V. 301 It was received as an orthodox tradition that broken merchants make excellent sword men.

1676 T. Guidott Disc. Bathe viii. 45 That opinion hath so much prevailed as to be accounted Orthodox, and not only received by Tradition as certain, but Printed as such.

1730 J. Swift Vindic. Ld. C—— 7 I am well aware how much my Sentiments differ from the orthodox Opinion of one or two principal Patriots.

1804 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 20 Every word of mine..however innocent, however orthodox even, is twisted, tormented, perverted.

1862 Fraser's Mag. July 45 The advantage of professing an orthodox ‘Pittism’ and Protestantism, articles of great gain in 1827 and 1828.

1888 H. Sidgwick Scope Econ. Sci. 3 This kind of political economy is sometimes called ‘orthodox’, though it has the characteristic unusual in orthodox doctrines of being repudiated by the majority of accredited teachers of the subject.

1905 O. Lodge in L. I. Finch tr. J. Maxwell Metapsychical Phenomena p. xi These occurrences are at present beyond the scheme of orthodox psychology.

1935 Arch. Path. 19 841 The interaction of antigen and antibody is seemingly not specific in the strictly orthodox conception of the term.

1977 N. Young Infantile Disorder? vii. 140 The Older orthodox Marxism had made most impact when translated into simple and relevant descriptive propositions.

1983 B. Inglis & R. West Alternative Health Guide 12 The reason why people are leaving their doctors and trying unconventional forms of therapy..is not because they have been seduced by way-out occultist ideas. They are simply becoming disenchanted with orthodox medicine.

1996 Economist 17 Aug. 13/1 The orthodox argument for thinking that a stranger China will be easier to live with can be called ‘liberal internationalism’.

c. Hence more generally: designating that which is regarded as proper, correct, or usual; ordinary, conventional, normal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [adjective] > conventional

orthodox1755

conventional1833

mainstream1953

the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > pleasing fitness > [adjective] > seemly or decorous

seemly?c1225

comelya1350

seemc1400

setting1535

comingc1540

decent1545

civil1582

handsome1583

mensefula1598

sprunt1631

semblable1647

proper1738

orthodox1755

decorous1792

comme il faut1818

wise-like1820

1755 Connoisseur No. 65. ⁋9 His very grizzle is scarce orthodox.

1781 R. B. Sheridan Critic ii. ii A very orthodox quintetto!

1821 J. Galt Ayrshire Legatees vii. 198 Miss Mally had an orthodox corn, or bunyan.

1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. iii. vii. 298 Then the orthodox half hour had expired.

1877 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 3) II. App. 553 The orthodox thing was to condemn William and Harold alike.

1882 Harper's Mag. June 113/1 The four walls are there..with the orthodox bedstead and bureau.

1906 Mrs. Beeton's Bk. Househ. Managem. (rev. ed.) lxiv. 1680 The orthodox wedding breakfast seems likely to become a thing of the past, so much has it been superseded by the tea and reception which usually follow afternoon weddings.

1962 Life 23 Feb. 96 The British-made Victim is an orthodox blackmail thriller with a big difference; the victims are admitted homosexuals.

1994 H. Holland Born in Soweto vi. 113 Shebeens selling concoction or mbamba, which is home-brewed beer containing brown bread, yeast and hops, amongst less orthodox ingredients.

2. Holding opinions or beliefs which are generally or traditionally accepted as correct, or which are in accordance with some recognized standard.

a. Holding, professing, or propounding beliefs consistent with those held by the dominant authorities of a particular religion.

ΚΠ

c1456 R. Pecock Bk. Faith (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 286 Men..not so weel leerned in latin..han brouȝte into a viciose use now late bi ignoraunce of trewe grammer forto calle a thing catholik for that it is orthodoxe.

1565 W. Allen Poore Man Libr. I. vi. f. 197^v Epiphanius..interpreteth..Pater maior me est, to be spoken of the diuine nature, and not as the other Orthodox men doo say, of the humaine nature.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Orthodoxe, orthodox, orthodoxall; of a right faith, true beliefe, sound opinion.

c1615 F. Bacon Advice to G. Villiers in Wks. (1879) I. 510/2 The church of England; which doubtless is as sound and orthodox in the doctrine thereof [i.e. of the true protestant religion], as any christian church in the world.

1649 Platform Church Discipline (Cambridge Synod) Pref. 2 This synod having perused, & considered..the confession of faith published of late by the Reverend Assembly in England, doe judge it to be very holy, orthodox, & judicious in all matters of faith.

1661 W. Prynne Unbishoping of Timothy & Titus (new ed.) 45 None of the Orthodoxest or most Judicious Writers.

1722 W. Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. iv. 287 Men falsely called orthodox and divines.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Sonna A Book of Mahometan Traditions, wherein all the Orthodox Mussulmans are required to believe.

1850 W. Irving Mahomet (1853) viii. 40 We follow, says the Koran, the religion of Abraham the orthodox who was no idolater.

1884 J. Payne in Tales from Arabic I. 49 (note) The orthodox Muslim, whose only meals in Ramazan-time are made between sun-set and dawn-peep.

1943 F. R. Moraes & H. R. Stimson Introd. India (ed. 3) 113 An orthodox Hindu widow does not wear a kumkum.

1994 Homiletic & Pastoral Rev. Feb. 12/2 Orthodox Catholic leaders..have reclaimed ideas and positions that the liberationists had claimed for themselves.

b. In extended use: maintaining opinions or practices in accordance with those prevailing or officially sanctioned in one's profession, discipline, party, etc.; conventional, conservative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [adjective] > holding accepted beliefs

sound1526

well-believing1529

orthodoxal1593

principled1635

orthodox1645

maxim1674

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ v. x. 11 Of Authors, two is enough upon any Science, provided they be plenary and orthodox.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. xi. 252 Obscure and equivocal Terms,..capable to make the most attentive or quick-sighted, very little..more knowing or Orthodox.

1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. v. ii. 292 The Characters, or Personages, employ'd by our new orthodox Dialogists.

1850 N. Hawthorne Scarlet Let. Introd. 15 They ought to have given place to younger men, more orthodox in politics.

1891 E. B. Bax Outlooks from New Standpoint iii. 182 This is the truth at the bottom of the ‘thing-in-itself’, so much decried by the orthodox Hegelians.

1930 P. Allen Case for Edward de Vere 6 I remained an orthodox Stratfordian until 1923.

1973 Daily Tel. 24 Nov. 11/8 A truly appalling female whose anti-male views were so extreme and so crudely expressed that orthodox Libbers in the audience showed dismay.

1989 Brit. Jrnl. Philos. Sci. 40 443 It is stressed repeatedly in the writings of orthodox (non-Bayesian) statisticians that research workers must not employ the methods described therein other than with samples drawn strictly at random.

3. Christian Church. Usually with capital initial. Of, relating to, or designating the churches of Eastern Christendom, esp. the family of independent or autonomous, chiefly national churches now located predominantly in Eastern Europe and the Balkans, which separated from the rest of Eastern Christendom in the 5th and 6th centuries and from the Roman Catholic Church in the 11th cent., and are in communion with each other, recognizing the primacy of the Patriarch of Constantinople; cf. Eastern Church n. at eastern adj. and n. Compounds 1. Frequently modified by national names, as Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, etc.The Greek word ὀρθόδοξος was used in the 4th cent. of the beliefs of the church as opposed to those of heretics, and after the schism which followed the Definition of Chalcedon to distinguish those who accepted its Christological teachings from those who did not. However, the churches which reject the Definition of Chalcedon (the Armenian, Coptic, Ethiopian, and Syrian Churches, and the Church of the East) have more recently also been often termed Orthodox, and grouped under the heading Oriental Orthodox Churches (see also oriental adj. 3b). This might in part reflect the widespread assumption that the epithet ‘Orthodox’ refers to the time of the schism with Western Christendom and is to be opposed to ‘Catholic’.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Greek Orthodoxy > [adjective]

Greek1564

eastern1572

Greciana1600

Greekish1606

Abassian1679

Anatolian1679

Eastern Orthodox1701

orthodox1716

Anatolic1839

1679 P. Rycaut Present State Greek Church 331 That which they call, The Orthodox Confession of the Anatolian Church.]

1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. 278 Another Orthodox Greek Poet, Chartophylax or Referendary of the great Church of Constantinople.

1772 J. G. King Rites Greek Church in Russia Pref. 18 They are read at the grave to testify to the people that the party died in the true faith of the orthodox church.

1850 J. M. Neale Hist. Holy Eastern Church: Pt. 1 I. 69 An Union has often been proposed between the Armenian and Orthodox Eastern Communions.

1861 A. P. Stanley Lect. Eastern Church (1864) i. 3 By whatever name we call it—‘Eastern’, ‘Greek’, or ‘Orthodox’—it carries us back more than any other existing Christian institution, to the earliest scenes and times of the Christian religion.

1881 E. A. Freeman Hist. Geogr. Europe I. vii. 170 Till a new patriarchate of Moscow arose in Russia, to mark the greatest spiritual conquest of the Orthodox Church.

1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 12 Feb. 105/3 In Kiev, where he made the acquaintance of the community of Old Believers, who upheld the schism in the Orthodox Church.

1954 M. A. Pei & F. Gaynor Dict. Linguistics 39 It [sc. Church Slavonic] is extinct as a vernacular, but has remained the official language of the Slavic Greek Orthodox Church.

1980 J. Morrison & C. F. Zabusky Amer. Mosaic (1982) i. 105 He is now churchwarden of a Russian Orthodox church in northern Indiana.

2001 Guardian 6 Dec. i. 13/7 Similar artefacts have been traditionally kept as sacred centrepieces in Ethiopian Orthodox churches.

4. Judaism. Usually with capital initial. Designating or relating to Jews loyal to the traditions of the Jewish past, esp. in their adherence to the rabbinical interpretation of the Torah (biblical law) as the revealed will of God, and in their strict adherence to the Halacha (oral law), esp. as laid down in Shulhan Arukh.In early quots. simply a spec. use of sense A. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Judaism > [adjective] > orthodox

orthodox1841

frum1859

1841 Voice of Jacob 24 Dec. 50/2 He was..furnished with the means of observing the minutest ceremonial of the most orthodox Jew.

1853 Jewish Chron. 15 July 326/2 In all affairs of this kind, concessions are expected only on the orthodox side.

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda III. vi. xlvi. 308 He is not a strictly orthodox Jew, and is full of allowances for others.

1904 Jewish Encycl. VII. 368/1 The stability and the immutability of the Law remained from the Orthodox standpoint one of the cardinal principles of Judaism.

1938 Time & Tide 12 Mar. 343/1 Peggy Simon, who was Jewish too, didn't have to bother about prayers..because Peggy's father and mother weren't Orthodox.

1966 Guardian 28 July 6/5 The traditionalist right flank of Orthodox Judaism.

1986 P. Grosskurth Melanie Klein i. 13 While not rigidly orthodox, Melanie's childhood was steeped in Jewish ceremonial.

2001 N.Y. Times 4 Jan. b4/5 A Judaic rule called Loshon Hora, which literally means ‘bad words’, forbids Orthodox Jews to speak or hear gossip or derogatory comments about other people.

5. Psychology. Of sleep: characterized by the absence of rapid eye movements and probably of dreams and by a lower level of physiological activity as compared with paradoxical or REM sleep.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [adjective] > type of sleep > characterized by dreaming or REM > absence of

slow wave1869

orthodox1967

1967 W. P. Koella Sleep ii. i. 16 Subjects after being aroused from..‘orthodox’ sleep stages rarely recalled dreams.

1971 U. J. Jovanović Normal Sleep in Man ii. 75 We shall..use the Kleitman (1963) and Jouvet classification (1961, 1965, 1968), and divide up the entire polygraphic period of sleep in man into normal (orthodox) sleep and paradoxical sleep (periods of dream phases).

1971 U. J. Jovanović Normal Sleep in Man vii. 259 A phase of orthodox sleep lasts for about one-and-a-half hours.

1988 Natural Choice No.1. 30/2 Orthodox and REM sleep alternate throughout the night.

B. n.

1. An orthodox person; one who holds orthodox views or beliefs; spec. (usually with capital initial) (a) a member of one of the Eastern Orthodox churches; (b) an Orthodox Jew. Also with the: orthodox people as a class.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > orthodoxy > [noun] > person

faithfula1450

orthodox1577

orthodoxian1716

orthodoxist1801

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Greek Orthodoxy > [noun] > person

easternOE

Greekc1380

Easterling1536

Greciana1549

orientalist1683

fermentarian1775

Prozymite1850

orthodox1888

society > faith > sect > Judaism > [noun] > orthodoxy > person

orthodox1889

1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. i. viii. f. 11^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The Pellagian_[1587 Pelagian] heresye, which not a little molested the Orthodoxes of that Iland.

a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 169 Was he an Heretick, or an Orthodoxe?

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) The Orthodox that believe the Trinity are also call'd Trinitarians by the Socinians.

1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity I. i. 37 The wretched expedients to which the orthodox..had recourse.

1797 W. Johnston tr. J. Beckmann Hist. Inventions & Discov. III. 406 In the altercation between a Luciferan and an Orthodox.

1869 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. European Morals II. 109 The Montanists and the Novatians surpassed and stimulated the private penances of the orthodox.

1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Sept. 2/1 Punctual..in discharging all the functions of a Greek Orthodox.

1889 I. Zangwill in Jewish Q. Rev. 1 391 With the ‘unintelligently orthodox’, this mental attitude is generally associated with ignorance of our history and of the fluidity of ceremonial forms.

1892 I. Zangwill Children of Ghetto II. 296 Now at last we poor orthodox will have a voice.

1911 W. James Some Probl. Philos. xi. 182 God, as the orthodox believe, created the space-continuum, with its infinite parts already standing in it, by an instantaneous fiat.

1914 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics VII. 608/2 The choice of method, unpleasing though it be to the orthodox, must be left to the conscience and judgment of the liberals themselves.

1927 E. O'Neill Lazarus Laughed i. ii. 35 Their former distinctions of Nazarenes and Orthodox are now entirely forgotten.

1964 E. E. Klein in W. Berkowitz Ten Vital Jewish Issues 48 The Conservative Jew always keeps one [sc. a yarmulke] in his pocket, and the Orthodox wears it on his head.

1977 Church Times 5 Aug. 16/3 Bishop Runcie said he thought that, if the Orthodox were dissatisfied with the reactions of the Conference, the dialogue might have to be reconstituted.

1992 D. Hampson Theol. & Feminism (BNC) 12 Listening on one occasion to a Greek Orthodox argue against the ordination of women [etc.].

†2. An orthodox opinion, belief, or doctrine; an orthodoxy. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > agreement, concurrence, or unanimity > [noun] > generally accepted or expressed opinion

voicea1393

vox populic1547

common ground1570

suffrage1576

orthodox1619

cry1628

general compact1750

consensus1861

1619 D. Carleton Let. 14 Jan. 177 in J. Hales Golden Remains (1673) The Doctrine teached by the Contra-Remonstrants is the Orthodox, from which they will never hereafter swerve.

a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) i. xiv. §3. 150 It is indeed an Orthodoxe; though it be numbred as a Paradoxe; that Omnes Stulti insaniunt.

1646 G. Buck Hist. Life Richard III i. 4 The Sirname and Sobriquet of Plantagenest, or Plantagenet after the vulgar Orthodoxe.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	orthodox
释义	orthodoxadj.n. Brit. /ˈɔːθədɒks/, U.S. /ˈɔrθəˌdɑks/ Forms: late Middle English ortodox, late Middle English 1600s orthodoxe, 1500s– orthodox. Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Perhaps also partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin orthodoxus; Greek ὀρθόδοξος; French orthodoxe. Etymology: < post-classical Latin orthodoxus, ortodoxus, adjective and noun (4th cent.; frequently in Jerome) and its etymon Hellenistic or Byzantine Greek ὀρθόδοξος right in opinion (see note), person holding a right opinion < ancient Greek ὀρθο- ortho- comb. form + δόξα opinion, glory (see doxology n.). In English perhaps partly via Middle French, French orthodoxe (1431 as adjective, a1565 as noun). Compare Italian ortodosso (1478 as adjective).Ancient Greek ὀρθοδοξεῖν ‘to have a right opinion’ appears first in Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics, but remains rare. The cognate noun ὀρθοδοξία appears first in Origen; the adjective ὀρθόδοξος does not appear until the late 3rd, or early 4th cent. With the exception of uses in commentaries on Nicomachean Ethics the group of words is restricted almost entirely to Christian writers. A. adj. 1. Right, correct, true; in accordance with what is accepted or authoritatively established as the true view or right practice. a. Of, belonging to, or in accordance with the accepted theological or ecclesiastical doctrines of a particular religion, etc.; (also) designating practices or beliefs conforming with these. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > orthodoxy > [adjective] righteOE orthodoxc1454 catholicc1500 sound1526 catholicala1530 orthodoxastical1570 orthodoxical1577 orthodoxal1607 symmetral1660 hardshell1836 hard-shelled1842 observant1902 bien pensant1923 c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 69 (MED) Þe same feiþ we clepen ortodox feiþ, þat is to seie, riȝt feiþ. 1581 J. Hamilton (title) Certane orthodox and catholik conclusions vith yair probations. 1616 R. Betts tr. King James VI & I Remonstr. Right of Kings 146 To maintaine the precepts of the Orthodox faith. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia at Catholicisme The orthodox faith of the Catholick Church. 1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 187. ⁋1 The Doctrine is received amongst you as Orthodox. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xxvii. 22 The scourge of Arianism, and the pillar of the orthodox faith. 1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. i. 101 Athough seceders in some respects from the orthodox religion of the Hindus, the Sikhs retain so many essential articles of the Brahmanical faith, that [etc.]. 1885 M. Dods in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 668/2 In Islam..the orthodox doctrine is thus stated by Al-Berkevi. 1972 C. L. Cooper in W. King Black Short Story Anthol. 237 With Famat's help,..I came to grasp an ology that was an intermixture of Ax, orthodox Islam, and theory. 2002 N. Drury Dict. Esoteric 193/1 Macumba..counts among its devotees a number of intellectuals, who have embraced it as a more exhilarating and rewarding religion than orthodox Christianity. b. In extended use: of or in accordance with views, attitudes, beliefs, or practices prevalent or established in a particular society, field, profession, party, etc.; conventional.Now frequently designating a branch (usually the major branch) of a science or discipline whose principles and methods are regarded as authoritative or founded in established theory. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [adjective] > accepted, orthodox sincere1536 orthodox1659 favoured1891 1659 Clarke Papers (2005) V. 301 It was received as an orthodox tradition that broken merchants make excellent sword men. 1676 T. Guidott Disc. Bathe viii. 45 That opinion hath so much prevailed as to be accounted Orthodox, and not only received by Tradition as certain, but Printed as such. 1730 J. Swift Vindic. Ld. C—— 7 I am well aware how much my Sentiments differ from the orthodox Opinion of one or two principal Patriots. 1804 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 20 Every word of mine..however innocent, however orthodox even, is twisted, tormented, perverted. 1862 Fraser's Mag. July 45 The advantage of professing an orthodox ‘Pittism’ and Protestantism, articles of great gain in 1827 and 1828. 1888 H. Sidgwick Scope Econ. Sci. 3 This kind of political economy is sometimes called ‘orthodox’, though it has the characteristic unusual in orthodox doctrines of being repudiated by the majority of accredited teachers of the subject. 1905 O. Lodge in L. I. Finch tr. J. Maxwell Metapsychical Phenomena p. xi These occurrences are at present beyond the scheme of orthodox psychology. 1935 Arch. Path. 19 841 The interaction of antigen and antibody is seemingly not specific in the strictly orthodox conception of the term. 1977 N. Young Infantile Disorder? vii. 140 The Older orthodox Marxism had made most impact when translated into simple and relevant descriptive propositions. 1983 B. Inglis & R. West Alternative Health Guide 12 The reason why people are leaving their doctors and trying unconventional forms of therapy..is not because they have been seduced by way-out occultist ideas. They are simply becoming disenchanted with orthodox medicine. 1996 Economist 17 Aug. 13/1 The orthodox argument for thinking that a stranger China will be easier to live with can be called ‘liberal internationalism’. c. Hence more generally: designating that which is regarded as proper, correct, or usual; ordinary, conventional, normal. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [adjective] > conventional orthodox1755 conventional1833 mainstream1953 the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > pleasing fitness > [adjective] > seemly or decorous seemly?c1225 comelya1350 seemc1400 setting1535 comingc1540 decent1545 civil1582 handsome1583 mensefula1598 sprunt1631 semblable1647 proper1738 orthodox1755 decorous1792 comme il faut1818 wise-like1820 1755 Connoisseur No. 65. ⁋9 His very grizzle is scarce orthodox. 1781 R. B. Sheridan Critic ii. ii A very orthodox quintetto! 1821 J. Galt Ayrshire Legatees vii. 198 Miss Mally had an orthodox corn, or bunyan. 1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. iii. vii. 298 Then the orthodox half hour had expired. 1877 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 3) II. App. 553 The orthodox thing was to condemn William and Harold alike. 1882 Harper's Mag. June 113/1 The four walls are there..with the orthodox bedstead and bureau. 1906 Mrs. Beeton's Bk. Househ. Managem. (rev. ed.) lxiv. 1680 The orthodox wedding breakfast seems likely to become a thing of the past, so much has it been superseded by the tea and reception which usually follow afternoon weddings. 1962 Life 23 Feb. 96 The British-made Victim is an orthodox blackmail thriller with a big difference; the victims are admitted homosexuals. 1994 H. Holland Born in Soweto vi. 113 Shebeens selling concoction or mbamba, which is home-brewed beer containing brown bread, yeast and hops, amongst less orthodox ingredients. 2. Holding opinions or beliefs which are generally or traditionally accepted as correct, or which are in accordance with some recognized standard. a. Holding, professing, or propounding beliefs consistent with those held by the dominant authorities of a particular religion. ΚΠ c1456 R. Pecock Bk. Faith (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 286 Men..not so weel leerned in latin..han brouȝte into a viciose use now late bi ignoraunce of trewe grammer forto calle a thing catholik for that it is orthodoxe. 1565 W. Allen Poore Man Libr. I. vi. f. 197^v Epiphanius..interpreteth..Pater maior me est, to be spoken of the diuine nature, and not as the other Orthodox men doo say, of the humaine nature. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Orthodoxe, orthodox, orthodoxall; of a right faith, true beliefe, sound opinion. c1615 F. Bacon Advice to G. Villiers in Wks. (1879) I. 510/2 The church of England; which doubtless is as sound and orthodox in the doctrine thereof [i.e. of the true protestant religion], as any christian church in the world. 1649 Platform Church Discipline (Cambridge Synod) Pref. 2 This synod having perused, & considered..the confession of faith published of late by the Reverend Assembly in England, doe judge it to be very holy, orthodox, & judicious in all matters of faith. 1661 W. Prynne Unbishoping of Timothy & Titus (new ed.) 45 None of the Orthodoxest or most Judicious Writers. 1722 W. Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. iv. 287 Men falsely called orthodox and divines. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Sonna A Book of Mahometan Traditions, wherein all the Orthodox Mussulmans are required to believe. 1850 W. Irving Mahomet (1853) viii. 40 We follow, says the Koran, the religion of Abraham the orthodox who was no idolater. 1884 J. Payne in Tales from Arabic I. 49 (note) The orthodox Muslim, whose only meals in Ramazan-time are made between sun-set and dawn-peep. 1943 F. R. Moraes & H. R. Stimson Introd. India (ed. 3) 113 An orthodox Hindu widow does not wear a kumkum. 1994 Homiletic & Pastoral Rev. Feb. 12/2 Orthodox Catholic leaders..have reclaimed ideas and positions that the liberationists had claimed for themselves. b. In extended use: maintaining opinions or practices in accordance with those prevailing or officially sanctioned in one's profession, discipline, party, etc.; conventional, conservative. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [adjective] > holding accepted beliefs sound1526 well-believing1529 orthodoxal1593 principled1635 orthodox1645 maxim1674 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ v. x. 11 Of Authors, two is enough upon any Science, provided they be plenary and orthodox. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. xi. 252 Obscure and equivocal Terms,..capable to make the most attentive or quick-sighted, very little..more knowing or Orthodox. 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. v. ii. 292 The Characters, or Personages, employ'd by our new orthodox Dialogists. 1850 N. Hawthorne Scarlet Let. Introd. 15 They ought to have given place to younger men, more orthodox in politics. 1891 E. B. Bax Outlooks from New Standpoint iii. 182 This is the truth at the bottom of the ‘thing-in-itself’, so much decried by the orthodox Hegelians. 1930 P. Allen Case for Edward de Vere 6 I remained an orthodox Stratfordian until 1923. 1973 Daily Tel. 24 Nov. 11/8 A truly appalling female whose anti-male views were so extreme and so crudely expressed that orthodox Libbers in the audience showed dismay. 1989 Brit. Jrnl. Philos. Sci. 40 443 It is stressed repeatedly in the writings of orthodox (non-Bayesian) statisticians that research workers must not employ the methods described therein other than with samples drawn strictly at random. 3. Christian Church. Usually with capital initial. Of, relating to, or designating the churches of Eastern Christendom, esp. the family of independent or autonomous, chiefly national churches now located predominantly in Eastern Europe and the Balkans, which separated from the rest of Eastern Christendom in the 5th and 6th centuries and from the Roman Catholic Church in the 11th cent., and are in communion with each other, recognizing the primacy of the Patriarch of Constantinople; cf. Eastern Church n. at eastern adj. and n. Compounds 1. Frequently modified by national names, as Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, etc.The Greek word ὀρθόδοξος was used in the 4th cent. of the beliefs of the church as opposed to those of heretics, and after the schism which followed the Definition of Chalcedon to distinguish those who accepted its Christological teachings from those who did not. However, the churches which reject the Definition of Chalcedon (the Armenian, Coptic, Ethiopian, and Syrian Churches, and the Church of the East) have more recently also been often termed Orthodox, and grouped under the heading Oriental Orthodox Churches (see also oriental adj. 3b). This might in part reflect the widespread assumption that the epithet ‘Orthodox’ refers to the time of the schism with Western Christendom and is to be opposed to ‘Catholic’. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Greek Orthodoxy > [adjective] Greek1564 eastern1572 Greciana1600 Greekish1606 Abassian1679 Anatolian1679 Eastern Orthodox1701 orthodox1716 Anatolic1839 1679 P. Rycaut Present State Greek Church 331 That which they call, The Orthodox Confession of the Anatolian Church.] 1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. 278 Another Orthodox Greek Poet, Chartophylax or Referendary of the great Church of Constantinople. 1772 J. G. King Rites Greek Church in Russia Pref. 18 They are read at the grave to testify to the people that the party died in the true faith of the orthodox church. 1850 J. M. Neale Hist. Holy Eastern Church: Pt. 1 I. 69 An Union has often been proposed between the Armenian and Orthodox Eastern Communions. 1861 A. P. Stanley Lect. Eastern Church (1864) i. 3 By whatever name we call it—‘Eastern’, ‘Greek’, or ‘Orthodox’—it carries us back more than any other existing Christian institution, to the earliest scenes and times of the Christian religion. 1881 E. A. Freeman Hist. Geogr. Europe I. vii. 170 Till a new patriarchate of Moscow arose in Russia, to mark the greatest spiritual conquest of the Orthodox Church. 1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 12 Feb. 105/3 In Kiev, where he made the acquaintance of the community of Old Believers, who upheld the schism in the Orthodox Church. 1954 M. A. Pei & F. Gaynor Dict. Linguistics 39 It [sc. Church Slavonic] is extinct as a vernacular, but has remained the official language of the Slavic Greek Orthodox Church. 1980 J. Morrison & C. F. Zabusky Amer. Mosaic (1982) i. 105 He is now churchwarden of a Russian Orthodox church in northern Indiana. 2001 Guardian 6 Dec. i. 13/7 Similar artefacts have been traditionally kept as sacred centrepieces in Ethiopian Orthodox churches. 4. Judaism. Usually with capital initial. Designating or relating to Jews loyal to the traditions of the Jewish past, esp. in their adherence to the rabbinical interpretation of the Torah (biblical law) as the revealed will of God, and in their strict adherence to the Halacha (oral law), esp. as laid down in Shulhan Arukh.In early quots. simply a spec. use of sense A. 2a. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Judaism > [adjective] > orthodox orthodox1841 frum1859 1841 Voice of Jacob 24 Dec. 50/2 He was..furnished with the means of observing the minutest ceremonial of the most orthodox Jew. 1853 Jewish Chron. 15 July 326/2 In all affairs of this kind, concessions are expected only on the orthodox side. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda III. vi. xlvi. 308 He is not a strictly orthodox Jew, and is full of allowances for others. 1904 Jewish Encycl. VII. 368/1 The stability and the immutability of the Law remained from the Orthodox standpoint one of the cardinal principles of Judaism. 1938 Time & Tide 12 Mar. 343/1 Peggy Simon, who was Jewish too, didn't have to bother about prayers..because Peggy's father and mother weren't Orthodox. 1966 Guardian 28 July 6/5 The traditionalist right flank of Orthodox Judaism. 1986 P. Grosskurth Melanie Klein i. 13 While not rigidly orthodox, Melanie's childhood was steeped in Jewish ceremonial. 2001 N.Y. Times 4 Jan. b4/5 A Judaic rule called Loshon Hora, which literally means ‘bad words’, forbids Orthodox Jews to speak or hear gossip or derogatory comments about other people. 5. Psychology. Of sleep: characterized by the absence of rapid eye movements and probably of dreams and by a lower level of physiological activity as compared with paradoxical or REM sleep. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [adjective] > type of sleep > characterized by dreaming or REM > absence of slow wave1869 orthodox1967 1967 W. P. Koella Sleep ii. i. 16 Subjects after being aroused from..‘orthodox’ sleep stages rarely recalled dreams. 1971 U. J. Jovanović Normal Sleep in Man ii. 75 We shall..use the Kleitman (1963) and Jouvet classification (1961, 1965, 1968), and divide up the entire polygraphic period of sleep in man into normal (orthodox) sleep and paradoxical sleep (periods of dream phases). 1971 U. J. Jovanović Normal Sleep in Man vii. 259 A phase of orthodox sleep lasts for about one-and-a-half hours. 1988 Natural Choice No.1. 30/2 Orthodox and REM sleep alternate throughout the night. B. n. 1. An orthodox person; one who holds orthodox views or beliefs; spec. (usually with capital initial) (a) a member of one of the Eastern Orthodox churches; (b) an Orthodox Jew. Also with the: orthodox people as a class. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > orthodoxy > [noun] > person faithfula1450 orthodox1577 orthodoxian1716 orthodoxist1801 society > faith > sect > Christianity > Greek Orthodoxy > [noun] > person easternOE Greekc1380 Easterling1536 Greciana1549 orientalist1683 fermentarian1775 Prozymite1850 orthodox1888 society > faith > sect > Judaism > [noun] > orthodoxy > person orthodox1889 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. i. viii. f. 11^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The Pellagian_[1587 Pelagian] heresye, which not a little molested the Orthodoxes of that Iland. a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 169 Was he an Heretick, or an Orthodoxe? 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) The Orthodox that believe the Trinity are also call'd Trinitarians by the Socinians. 1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity I. i. 37 The wretched expedients to which the orthodox..had recourse. 1797 W. Johnston tr. J. Beckmann Hist. Inventions & Discov. III. 406 In the altercation between a Luciferan and an Orthodox. 1869 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. European Morals II. 109 The Montanists and the Novatians surpassed and stimulated the private penances of the orthodox. 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Sept. 2/1 Punctual..in discharging all the functions of a Greek Orthodox. 1889 I. Zangwill in Jewish Q. Rev. 1 391 With the ‘unintelligently orthodox’, this mental attitude is generally associated with ignorance of our history and of the fluidity of ceremonial forms. 1892 I. Zangwill Children of Ghetto II. 296 Now at last we poor orthodox will have a voice. 1911 W. James Some Probl. Philos. xi. 182 God, as the orthodox believe, created the space-continuum, with its infinite parts already standing in it, by an instantaneous fiat. 1914 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics VII. 608/2 The choice of method, unpleasing though it be to the orthodox, must be left to the conscience and judgment of the liberals themselves. 1927 E. O'Neill Lazarus Laughed i. ii. 35 Their former distinctions of Nazarenes and Orthodox are now entirely forgotten. 1964 E. E. Klein in W. Berkowitz Ten Vital Jewish Issues 48 The Conservative Jew always keeps one [sc. a yarmulke] in his pocket, and the Orthodox wears it on his head. 1977 Church Times 5 Aug. 16/3 Bishop Runcie said he thought that, if the Orthodox were dissatisfied with the reactions of the Conference, the dialogue might have to be reconstituted. 1992 D. Hampson Theol. & Feminism (BNC) 12 Listening on one occasion to a Greek Orthodox argue against the ordination of women [etc.]. †2. An orthodox opinion, belief, or doctrine; an orthodoxy. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > agreement, concurrence, or unanimity > [noun] > generally accepted or expressed opinion voicea1393 vox populic1547 common ground1570 suffrage1576 orthodox1619 cry1628 general compact1750 consensus1861 1619 D. Carleton Let. 14 Jan. 177 in J. Hales Golden Remains (1673) The Doctrine teached by the Contra-Remonstrants is the Orthodox, from which they will never hereafter swerve. a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) i. xiv. §3. 150 It is indeed an Orthodoxe; though it be numbred as a Paradoxe; that Omnes Stulti insaniunt. 1646 G. Buck Hist. Life Richard III i. 4 The Sirname and Sobriquet of Plantagenest, or Plantagenet after the vulgar Orthodoxe. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.c1454
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