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单词 ortolan
释义

ortolann.

Brit. /ˈɔːtələn/, /ˈɔːtl̩ən/, U.S. /ˈɔrdəl(ə)n/
Forms: 1500s–1700s ortolane, 1600s hortulan, 1600s hortulane, 1600s–1700s hortolan, 1600s–1700s ortalan, 1600s–1700s ortulan, 1700s– ortolan, 1700s ortelan, 1700s ortelon (Scottish), 1800s ortolon.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French hortolan.
Etymology: < Middle French hortolan gardener (c1300 in Old French as ortellain ; compare Middle French ortolaine , feminine (c1500)), Middle French hortolan , French ortolan denoting the European bird (1552 in Rabelais, after Italian ortolano (a1484 in this sense); the bird is so called because it frequents gardens), French ortolan denoting a North American bird (1658 in the passage translated in quot. 1666 at sense 2) < classical Latin hortulānus gardener (see hortulan adj.). Compare Spanish hortelano (1141 as †ortelano ; also as †ortolano (1148)), Occitan ortolan , ortalan (a1149 in Old Occitan as ortolan ), Portuguese hortelão (1262 as †ortolam ), Catalan hortalà (1275 as †ortalà ), Italian ortolano (a1321), all earliest in sense 1.As a bird name, the word occurred first (in Italian and then in French) as a European bird name, and was subsequently transferred (apparently first in French) to various North American birds, although in English the transferred application to North American birds appears to have been borrowed at approximately the same time as the application to a European bird.
1. A gardener. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > gardener > [noun]
leightonwardc1000
curtilera1300
gardenerc1300
gardener1340
curtelaina1400
hortulan1526
ortolan1526
Adamist1623
fosterer1628
gardeneressa1645
under-gardener1687
horticulist1754
horticultor1760
yard boy1776
garden boy1798
horticulturist1818
plantsman1881
mali1908
plantswoman1933
1526 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 534 I yielde my sylffe entyerly to the wyll of the moost notable ortolane.
2. North American. Any of certain birds of North America or the Caribbean region resembling the ortolan (see sense 3) or of similar gastronomic reputation; esp. (a) the bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus; (b) the sora, Porzana carolina; (c) the snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Gruiformes > [noun] > family Rallidae (rail) > member of genus Porzana
ortolan1666
sora1705
quail1768
swamp crakea1891
Laysan rail1893
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Icteridae > [noun] > genus Dolichonyx (bobolink)
ortolan1666
ricebird1709
reed-bird1764
bobolink1774
rice bunting1781
butter bird1790
October bird1793
skunk blackbird1829
skunk bird1831
rice troupial1836
meadow-wink1884
1666 J. Davies tr. C. de Rochefort Hist. Caribby-Islands 89 There are also Black-birds, Feldivars, Thrushes, and Hortolans [Fr. Ortolans], in a manner like those of the same name among us.
1731 Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 427 Hortulanus Carol. the Carolina Ortulan, with Rice on which it feeds.
1760 T. Pichon Cape Breton 74 Lastly, you meet here..with great plenty of game, partucularly ortolans, and white rabbets of a most delicate taste.
1793 B. Edwards Hist. Brit. Colonies W. Indies iv. 99 The most delicious bird in the West Indies is the ortalan or October-bird. It is the Emberiza oryzivora of Linnæus, or rice-bird of South Carolina.
1836 M. Holley Texas 100 Ortolans, which form so celebrated a dish in Europe, are abundant in Texas.
1894 Mod. Lang. Notes 9 43/1 The name ortolan, which in French of France seems limited to the Emberyza is here given to the shore-lark (Fringilla graminea).
1907 ‘N. Blanchan’ Birds Every Child should Know ix. 137 Bobolink. Called also: Reedbird; Ricebird; Ortolan; Maybird.
1957 W. L. McAtee Folk-names Canad. Birds 67 Snow Bunting [also known as] ortolan.
1997 R.-M. Rejouis & V. Vinokurov tr. P. Chamoiseau Texaco (1998) 45 Flanked by my papa, he began to go down toward the promising woods, hunting ground for the passing ortolan or teal.
3. A migratory bunting, Emberiza hortulana, which breeds in parts of southern and eastern Europe, Scandinavia, and western central Asia, has mainly brown plumage with a yellow throat and a grey or (in the male) olive-green head, and was formerly widely regarded as a delicacy. Also ortolan bunting.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > fowls > [noun] > flesh of other birds
larka1325
pigeona1425
storka1475
wheatear1591
ortolana1667
loom1878
ostrich1955
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > [noun] > family Emberizidae > subfamily Emberizinae (bunting) > genus Emberiza > emberiza hortulana (ortolan)
ortolana1667
a1667 A. Cowley tr. Horace Epode ii, in Wks. (1669) v. 108 Nor Ortalans nor Godwits nor the rest Of costly names that glorify a Feast.
1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece i. 67 As fat as Hortulans in France and Italie.
1717 A. Pope Corr. 13 Sept. (1956) I. 428 I love no meat but Ortolans, and no women but you.
1732 Philos. Trans. 1731–2 (Royal Soc.) 37 175 The Soreè. This bird is in Virginia as much in Request for the Delicacy of its Flesh, as the Ortulan in Europe.
1830 M. Donovan Domest. Econ. II. iii. 145 The Ortolan is a small singing bird..common in France, Italy, and other parts of Europe. It is the epicure's prime morçeau.
1843 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds I. 457 The Ortolan Bunting is only a summer visiter to the middle and northern countries of Europe.
1895 Ld. Rosebery in Daily News 3 July 7/4 The choicest morsel that you can put before an epicure, and that is an ortolan inside a quail.
1903 E. P. Oppenheim Yellow Crayon xxviii. 212 ‘This’, she remarked, with a little satisfied sigh as she selected an ortolan, ‘is a very satisfactory place to be carried off to.’
1986 Bird Watching May 32/2 Added to these scintillating Scandinavian treasures were a couple of ortolan buntings, a few red-backed shrikes, golden orioles and an icterine warbler.
1999 Daily Tel. 3 Feb. 13/4 An estimated 150,000 ortolans..are trapped every autumn as they pass through south-west France on their way to North Africa and the Middle East.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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