† ortrown.

Forms: Middle English artrow, Middle English ortrewe, Middle English ortrou, Middle English ortrow, Middle English ortrowe, Middle English ortruwe.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ortrow adj.

Etymology: < ortrow adj. Compare slightly earlier ortrowth n.

Obsolete.

Distrust, diffidence; suspicion.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > [noun]

ortrowthc1175

ortrowa1200

untrust?c1225

suspicion1303

suspectiona1340

mistrowa1375

overtrowa1375

misfaitha1382

jealousyc1385

suspectc1386

misdoubtingc1390

untrist1390

mistrowinga1393

mistrusta1393

mistrista1400

supposinga1400

untrestc1400

wantrustc1405

diffidencea1425

misdeemingc1450

untrustingc1450

discredence?a1475

surmise1509

suspensea1513

diffidency1537

distrust1548

distrusting1549

misdoubt1558

discredit1567

misgiving1582

scruple1597

disconfidence1620

inconfidence1627

disaffiance1631

non-fiance1643

defiance1662

suspiciencya1690

reservation1719

disfaith1870

méfiance1876

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 43 (MED) Wanrede wecheð on mannes heorte ortruwe, þe deuð him on helle.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 73 Ortrowe of agene mihte letteð þe mannes shrifte.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7021 In ortrou þou art more To me of þi broþer deþ.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 171 (MED) The hardy..hath more cure of verite than of the oppynyon or ortrow of the Pepill.

a1525 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Trin. Dublin) (1896) 128 Men hadden grete ortrow vpon hym that he..wold make hym self kynge.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† ortrowadj.

Forms: Old English ortreowe, Old English ortriewe, Old English ortrue (rare), Old English ortruwe (rare), Old English ortrywe, Old English orttreowe (transmission error), early Middle English orrtrowwe ( Ormulum), early Middle English ortrowe.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old High German urtriuwi suspicious, distrustful, faithless < the Germanic base of or- prefix + the Germanic base of true adj. Compare ortrow v.

Obsolete.

1. Despairing, without hope.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > [adjective]

ormodeOE

ortroweOE

aerwenec1275

wanlessa1300

desesperatc1384

despairedc1400

wanhopelyc1425

lornc1475

desperate1483

wanhope1549

hopelost1570

despairfula1586

forlorn1603

despairinga1616

hopelessa1616

unhopinga1628

lost1709

au désespoir1766

unanticipative1847

unhopeful1850

eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. i. 85 Hie þa æt nihstan wæron ortriewe hwæþer him ænig moneaca cuman sceolde.

OE Wulfstan Luke on Last Days (Hatton 113) 123 We to orttreowe [read ortreowe] syndan Godes mihta.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 75 (MED) Venit ira dei in filios diffidencie, and swiche ben þe deules bernes þe aren cleped ortrowe for þat hie sinege swo michel þat hie wenden to hauen forloren milce.

2. Distrustful, unbelieving.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > [adjective]

ortrowOE

truthlessa1200

untristc1374

mistrusty?a1425

overtrowinga1425

diffidenta1460

in suspicion1471

suspicionous1474

suspectious1521

mistrustful1529

surmising1535

distrusting1549

trustless?1550

mistrusting1552

misgiving1567

suspectfula1586

misdoubtful1596

distrustfula1600

shy1600

misdoubting1601

scrupulous1608

jealousa1616

umbratiousa1639

inconfident1667

suspecting1691

unconfiding1820

untrusting1861

defiant1872

leery1896

suspicionful1911

hincty1929

society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > atheism > [adjective]

ortrowOE

unbelievedc1200

unbelieffulc1380

untrowfulc1380

mislevefula1382

mistrowablea1382

mistrowfula1382

mistrowinga1382

unfaithfulc1384

faithlessa1400

unbelievinga1400

untrothfula1400

misbelieffula1425

out of beliefa1425

untraistfulc1480

untruthfulc1480

godless1528

irreligious1561

incredulous1578

atheistical1588

athean1611

atheal1612

atheous1612

beliefless1612

nullifidian1661

atheist1667

unreligious1814

nihilistic1848

know-nothing1862

nescient1863

non-theistic1863

agnostical?a1870

agnostic1870

non-theist1913

no-God1923

OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. xliii. 331 Þa nolde God ælmihtig, þæt þa ðe his godan weorc gesawon, wæron ungelyfende oððe ortreowe be þam wene þara ælmæssena þæs arwyrðan deacones.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11589 Forr þatt he warrþ orrtrowwe off crist.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

† ortrowv.

Forms: see or- prefix and trow v.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: or- prefix, trow v.

Etymology: < or- prefix + trow v.In Old English the prefixed forms geortrūwian, geortrēowan, geortrīewan are also attested.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To despair of; to distrust. Also intransitive: to despair; to be distrustful.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > despair [verb (intransitive)]

ortrowOE

untrust?c1225

despaira1340

wantrokec1350

desespeirec1380

mishopea1400

to be despairedc1400

wanhopea1425

to sit beside the saddle1563

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > despair of [verb (transitive)]

ortrowOE

mishopea1250

despairc1485

deplore1559

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > be mistrustful, suspect [verb (intransitive)]

ortrowOE

souche1338

defyc1380

mistrusta1382

distrust1430

misdeema1450

misgive1567

misdoubt1580

suspect1593

savour1594

disconfide1627

suspicion1905

OE Homily (Corpus Cambr. 162) in D. G. Scragg Vercelli Homilies & Related Texts (1992) 77 Þeah hwa sie synful & arleas, gif he to hreowsunge gecyrran wille, ne ortruwige he him þæt he ne mæge forgifenesse begitan.

OE Ælfric Homily: De Duodecim Abusivis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 301 Se hlaford sceal hogian þæt he hæbbe Godes fultum, & he ortruwiann e [read ortruwian ne] sceal ahwær be godes fultume.

OE Ælfric Let. to Sigeweard (De Veteri et Novo Test.) (Laud) 64 He ortruwode on his drihtnys mildheortnysse.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 75 (MED) Þe man þe ortroweð godes mildhertnesse, he is idemd to eche wowe on helle.

2. transitive. To suspect, have a suspicion of.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > mistrust, suspect [verb (transitive)]

mistrowOE

overtrowa1225

ortrow?c1225

susposea1325

souchec1325

supposec1384

mistrestc1415

mistrusta1425

mistraista1450

suspecta1500

mistrust1565

misdoubt1570

surmisec1571

fear1578

diffide1583

doubt1586

uncredit1615

disdoubt1659

jealouse1682

jalouse1816

suspicion1834

sus1953

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 280 Ȝef eimon eut swich þing ortroweð bihim.

c1300 St. Hippolytus (Laud) 6 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 481 (MED) Þo he hadde seint laurence i-bured and hit was vnder-ȝite, Men ortreuweden þat he cristine were.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2381 Naþeles wel me it ortrowede [a1400 Trin. Cambr. ortrwede] & ne leuede noȝt is glose.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Judges viii. 11 He smot þe tentis of þe enemys þat weryn sikyr, & no thyng of aduersite ortrowidyn.

a1400 11000 Virgins (Stowe) 26 in Eng. Stud. (1923) 57 108 He ne told nout ys douhter fore of þis reuful cas And naþeles heo it ortrowede for he so sory was.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

n.a1200

adj.eOE

v.OE

单词	ortrow
释义	† ortrown. Forms: Middle English artrow, Middle English ortrewe, Middle English ortrou, Middle English ortrow, Middle English ortrowe, Middle English ortruwe. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: ortrow adj. Etymology: < ortrow adj. Compare slightly earlier ortrowth n. Obsolete. Distrust, diffidence; suspicion. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > [noun] ortrowthc1175 ortrowa1200 untrust?c1225 suspicion1303 suspectiona1340 mistrowa1375 overtrowa1375 misfaitha1382 jealousyc1385 suspectc1386 misdoubtingc1390 untrist1390 mistrowinga1393 mistrusta1393 mistrista1400 supposinga1400 untrestc1400 wantrustc1405 diffidencea1425 misdeemingc1450 untrustingc1450 discredence?a1475 surmise1509 suspensea1513 diffidency1537 distrust1548 distrusting1549 misdoubt1558 discredit1567 misgiving1582 scruple1597 disconfidence1620 inconfidence1627 disaffiance1631 non-fiance1643 defiance1662 suspiciencya1690 reservation1719 disfaith1870 méfiance1876 a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 43 (MED) Wanrede wecheð on mannes heorte ortruwe, þe deuð him on helle. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 73 Ortrowe of agene mihte letteð þe mannes shrifte. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7021 In ortrou þou art more To me of þi broþer deþ. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 171 (MED) The hardy..hath more cure of verite than of the oppynyon or ortrow of the Pepill. a1525 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Trin. Dublin) (1896) 128 Men hadden grete ortrow vpon hym that he..wold make hym self kynge. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † ortrowadj. Forms: Old English ortreowe, Old English ortriewe, Old English ortrue (rare), Old English ortruwe (rare), Old English ortrywe, Old English orttreowe (transmission error), early Middle English orrtrowwe ( Ormulum), early Middle English ortrowe. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old High German urtriuwi suspicious, distrustful, faithless < the Germanic base of or- prefix + the Germanic base of true adj. Compare ortrow v. Obsolete. 1. Despairing, without hope. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > [adjective] ormodeOE ortroweOE aerwenec1275 wanlessa1300 desesperatc1384 despairedc1400 wanhopelyc1425 lornc1475 desperate1483 wanhope1549 hopelost1570 despairfula1586 forlorn1603 despairinga1616 hopelessa1616 unhopinga1628 lost1709 au désespoir1766 unanticipative1847 unhopeful1850 eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. i. 85 Hie þa æt nihstan wæron ortriewe hwæþer him ænig moneaca cuman sceolde. OE Wulfstan Luke on Last Days (Hatton 113) 123 We to orttreowe [read ortreowe] syndan Godes mihta. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 75 (MED) Venit ira dei in filios diffidencie, and swiche ben þe deules bernes þe aren cleped ortrowe for þat hie sinege swo michel þat hie wenden to hauen forloren milce. 2. Distrustful, unbelieving. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > [adjective] ortrowOE truthlessa1200 untristc1374 mistrusty?a1425 overtrowinga1425 diffidenta1460 in suspicion1471 suspicionous1474 suspectious1521 mistrustful1529 surmising1535 distrusting1549 trustless?1550 mistrusting1552 misgiving1567 suspectfula1586 misdoubtful1596 distrustfula1600 shy1600 misdoubting1601 scrupulous1608 jealousa1616 umbratiousa1639 inconfident1667 suspecting1691 unconfiding1820 untrusting1861 defiant1872 leery1896 suspicionful1911 hincty1929 society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > atheism > [adjective] ortrowOE unbelievedc1200 unbelieffulc1380 untrowfulc1380 mislevefula1382 mistrowablea1382 mistrowfula1382 mistrowinga1382 unfaithfulc1384 faithlessa1400 unbelievinga1400 untrothfula1400 misbelieffula1425 out of beliefa1425 untraistfulc1480 untruthfulc1480 godless1528 irreligious1561 incredulous1578 atheistical1588 athean1611 atheal1612 atheous1612 beliefless1612 nullifidian1661 atheist1667 unreligious1814 nihilistic1848 know-nothing1862 nescient1863 non-theistic1863 agnostical?a1870 agnostic1870 non-theist1913 no-God1923 OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. xliii. 331 Þa nolde God ælmihtig, þæt þa ðe his godan weorc gesawon, wæron ungelyfende oððe ortreowe be þam wene þara ælmæssena þæs arwyrðan deacones. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11589 Forr þatt he warrþ orrtrowwe off crist. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online September 2021). † ortrowv. Forms: see or- prefix and trow v. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: or- prefix, trow v. Etymology: < or- prefix + trow v.In Old English the prefixed forms geortrūwian, geortrēowan, geortrīewan are also attested. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To despair of; to distrust. Also intransitive: to despair; to be distrustful. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > despair [verb (intransitive)] ortrowOE untrust?c1225 despaira1340 wantrokec1350 desespeirec1380 mishopea1400 to be despairedc1400 wanhopea1425 to sit beside the saddle1563 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > despair of [verb (transitive)] ortrowOE mishopea1250 despairc1485 deplore1559 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > be mistrustful, suspect [verb (intransitive)] ortrowOE souche1338 defyc1380 mistrusta1382 distrust1430 misdeema1450 misgive1567 misdoubt1580 suspect1593 savour1594 disconfide1627 suspicion1905 OE Homily (Corpus Cambr. 162) in D. G. Scragg Vercelli Homilies & Related Texts (1992) 77 Þeah hwa sie synful & arleas, gif he to hreowsunge gecyrran wille, ne ortruwige he him þæt he ne mæge forgifenesse begitan. OE Ælfric Homily: De Duodecim Abusivis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 301 Se hlaford sceal hogian þæt he hæbbe Godes fultum, & he ortruwiann e [read ortruwian ne] sceal ahwær be godes fultume. OE Ælfric Let. to Sigeweard (De Veteri et Novo Test.) (Laud) 64 He ortruwode on his drihtnys mildheortnysse. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 75 (MED) Þe man þe ortroweð godes mildhertnesse, he is idemd to eche wowe on helle. 2. transitive. To suspect, have a suspicion of. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > lack of confidence, distrust, suspicion > mistrust, suspect [verb (transitive)] mistrowOE overtrowa1225 ortrow?c1225 susposea1325 souchec1325 supposec1384 mistrestc1415 mistrusta1425 mistraista1450 suspecta1500 mistrust1565 misdoubt1570 surmisec1571 fear1578 diffide1583 doubt1586 uncredit1615 disdoubt1659 jealouse1682 jalouse1816 suspicion1834 sus1953 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 280 Ȝef eimon eut swich þing ortroweð bihim. c1300 St. Hippolytus (Laud) 6 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 481 (MED) Þo he hadde seint laurence i-bured and hit was vnder-ȝite, Men ortreuweden þat he cristine were. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2381 Naþeles wel me it ortrowede [a1400 Trin. Cambr. ortrwede] & ne leuede noȝt is glose. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Judges viii. 11 He smot þe tentis of þe enemys þat weryn sikyr, & no thyng of aduersite ortrowidyn. a1400 11000 Virgins (Stowe) 26 in Eng. Stud. (1923) 57 108 He ne told nout ys douhter fore of þis reuful cas And naþeles heo it ortrowede for he so sory was. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1200adj.eOEv.OE
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