orexinn.

Brit.

/ɒˈrɛksɪn/, U.S.

/ɔˈrɛks(ə)n/

Forms: 1800s– orexin, 1900s– orexine.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek ὄρεξις , -in suffix¹.

Etymology: < ancient Greek ὄρεξις orexis n. + -in suffix¹, in sense 1 after German Orexin (F. Penzoldt 1890, in Therapeutische Monatshefte 60); for coinage in sense 2 see quot. 1998¹ at sense 2.

1. Chemistry and Pharmacology. A colourless crystalline quinazoline derivative, formerly claimed (in the form of a hydrochloride) to promote the absorption of food; 3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazoline, C₁₄H₁₂N₂. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for indigestion > others

diamber1558

pancreatin1857

orexin1890

propantheline1954

1890 Lancet 29 Mar. 718/1 Professor Penzoldt of Erlangen..thinks himself warranted in recommending a complex chemical substance, the correct systematic name of which is ‘chloride of phenyl-dihydro-chinazolin,’ but for which he proposes the simpler name ‘chloride of orexin,’ from ὅρεχις, appetite.

1900 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 193 260 They found oil of mustard (1 in 1000), oil of cinnamon (1 in 100), oil of peppermint (1 in 250), orexin, and ethyl alcohol (5 per cent.) increased the amount of glucose or peptone absorbed.

1953 I. Heilbron & H. M. Bunbury Dict. Org. Compounds (rev. ed.) IV. 24/1 Orexine..C₁₄H₁₂N₂.

2. Biochemistry. Any of a group of oligopeptides isolated from brain tissue which activate receptors in the brain connected with feeding behaviour.

ΚΠ

1998 T. Sakurai et al. in Cell 92 573/2 These screening experiments led to the identification of a novel family of neuropeptides that bind to two closely related orphan GPCRs [G protein-coupled receptors]. We call these peptide ligands ‘orexins,’ after the Greek word orexis, which means appetite.

1998 New Scientist 7 Mar. 27/1 When orexins were introduced into the brains of rats, they consumed more food than normal.

1999 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 748/1 Orexin-A is a 33-residue peptide with two intramolecular disulfide bonds in the N-terminal region, and orexin-B is a linear 28-residue peptide.

2002 N.Y. Times 8 Jan. d7/2 Abnormalities in how the brain processed a neurotransmitter called hypocretin or orexin (the teams identified the same substance but gave it different names) could cause narcolepsy-like conditions in dogs and mice.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	orexin
释义	orexinn. Brit. /ɒˈrɛksɪn/, U.S. /ɔˈrɛks(ə)n/ Forms: 1800s– orexin, 1900s– orexine. Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek ὄρεξις , -in suffix¹. Etymology: < ancient Greek ὄρεξις orexis n. + -in suffix¹, in sense 1 after German Orexin (F. Penzoldt 1890, in Therapeutische Monatshefte 60); for coinage in sense 2 see quot. 1998¹ at sense 2. 1. Chemistry and Pharmacology. A colourless crystalline quinazoline derivative, formerly claimed (in the form of a hydrochloride) to promote the absorption of food; 3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazoline, C₁₄H₁₂N₂. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations treating or preventing specific ailments > [noun] > for indigestion > others diamber1558 pancreatin1857 orexin1890 propantheline1954 1890 Lancet 29 Mar. 718/1 Professor Penzoldt of Erlangen..thinks himself warranted in recommending a complex chemical substance, the correct systematic name of which is ‘chloride of phenyl-dihydro-chinazolin,’ but for which he proposes the simpler name ‘chloride of orexin,’ from ὅρεχις, appetite. 1900 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 193 260 They found oil of mustard (1 in 1000), oil of cinnamon (1 in 100), oil of peppermint (1 in 250), orexin, and ethyl alcohol (5 per cent.) increased the amount of glucose or peptone absorbed. 1953 I. Heilbron & H. M. Bunbury Dict. Org. Compounds (rev. ed.) IV. 24/1 Orexine..C₁₄H₁₂N₂. 2. Biochemistry. Any of a group of oligopeptides isolated from brain tissue which activate receptors in the brain connected with feeding behaviour. ΚΠ 1998 T. Sakurai et al. in Cell 92 573/2 These screening experiments led to the identification of a novel family of neuropeptides that bind to two closely related orphan GPCRs [G protein-coupled receptors]. We call these peptide ligands ‘orexins,’ after the Greek word orexis, which means appetite. 1998 New Scientist 7 Mar. 27/1 When orexins were introduced into the brains of rats, they consumed more food than normal. 1999 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 748/1 Orexin-A is a 33-residue peptide with two intramolecular disulfide bonds in the N-terminal region, and orexin-B is a linear 28-residue peptide. 2002 N.Y. Times 8 Jan. d7/2 Abnormalities in how the brain processed a neurotransmitter called hypocretin or orexin (the teams identified the same substance but gave it different names) could cause narcolepsy-like conditions in dogs and mice. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1890
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