outadv.int.prep.

Brit.

/aʊt/, U.S.

/aʊt/

Forms: Old English (early Middle English Ormulum) utt, Old English–early Middle English (Middle English northern) ut, Old English–early Middle English (Middle English northern) ute, Old English–early Middle English (Middle English northern) vt, Old English–early Middle English (Middle English northern) vte, early Middle English houte, early Middle English hut, early Middle English ouht, early Middle English uth, early Middle English wt, Middle English at, Middle English houȝt, Middle English hout, Middle English howȝte, Middle English howt, Middle English oȝt, Middle English ouȝt, Middle English ouȝte, Middle English ovt, Middle English owȝte, Middle English owȝth, Middle English uot, Middle English–1500s owȝt, Middle English–1500s owtt, Middle English–1500s owtte, Middle English–1600s ought, Middle English–1600s oute, Middle English–1600s owt, Middle English–1600s owte, Middle English– out, 1500s owit, 1600s outt; English regional 1700s– oot (chiefly northern), 1800s– aat (Lancashire), 1800s– aght (northern), 1800s– aht (Yorkshire), 1800s– awt (northern), 1800s– eaut (Lancashire), 1800s– eawt (Lancashire), 2000s– owt; U.S. regional 1800s eout (New England), 1800s– aout (chiefly New England), 1900s– ert (chiefly in African-American usage), 1900s– oot (Virginia); Scottish pre-1700 hute, pre-1700 ouit, pre-1700 ouitt, pre-1700 oute, pre-1700 outt, pre-1700 outte, pre-1700 ovit, pre-1700 owt, pre-1700 owte, pre-1700 owtt, pre-1700 owtte, pre-1700 ute- (in compounds), pre-1700 wt, pre-1700 1700s– out, pre-1700 (1900s– Shetland, in compounds) ut, 1700s– oot, 1800s aut (Orkney and Shetland); also Irish English 1800s outh (Wexford), 1800s udh (Wexford), 1800s ut (Wexford), 1900s– oot.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: A merging of two distinct words, Old English ūt and ūte (apparently already confused in Old English). (i) Old English ūt is cognate with Old Frisian ūt , Middle Dutch ute , uut (Dutch uit ), Old Saxon ūt (Middle Low German ūt , Low German ut ), Old High German ūz (Middle High German ūz , German aus ), Old Icelandic út , Old Swedish ut (Swedish ut ), Old Danish ud (Danish ud ), Gothic ut < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit ud- (prefix) up, out. Originally only an adverb, but in Old High German sometimes, in Middle High German more often, and in German, Dutch, Frisian regularly, a preposition also. (ii) Old English ūte is cognate with Old Frisian ūte , Old Saxon ūta , ūte , Old High German ūze , ūzze , Old Icelandic úti , Swedish ute , Danish ude , Gothic ūta (translating ancient Greek ἔξω outside) < the Germanic base of out adv., int., and prep. + a Germanic adverbial suffix; for a parallel formation with different suffixation compare outen adv. These two forms became merged in later Middle English.Some Middle English examples with final -e (especially in Branch A. II.) could represent variants of outen adv. with loss of final -n . Out is used idiomatically with many verbs. to bear out : see bear v.¹ Phrasal verbs 1. to clean out : see clean v. 4. to clear out : see to clear out at clear v. Phrasal verbs. to dole out : see dole v.¹ 2. to draw out : see to draw out at draw v. Phrasal verbs 1. to eke out : see eke v. 3. to face out : see face v. Phrases 1. to fill out : see to fill out at fill v. Phrasal verbs. to open out : see open v. Phrasal verbs. to plan out : see plan v. 3a. to point out : see point v.¹ 3. to set out : see to set out at set v.¹ Phrasal verbs 2. to shut out : see to shut out at shut v. Phrasal verbs. to sketch out : see sketch v. 1b. to spin out : see to spin out at spin v. Phrasal verbs 1. to tread out : see tread v. 13a. to write out : see to write out at write v. Phrasal verbs. Use as interjection. With use as interjection compare sense A. 4a. Use as preposition. Although several Germanic cognates are frequently used as prepositions, in English such use is exceptional, and felt as elliptical. The prepositional sense, which resembles classical Latin ex , ancient Greek ἐξ , ἐκ , is in English and some other Germanic languages regularly expressed by adding of prep., or its appropriate cognate (see out of prep.).

A. adv.

I. Senses relating to motion or direction.

* Expressing actual movement.

a. Away from a central or inner point, or from a point of origin; in an outward direction.Said, e.g., of an item being brought from a pocket, bag, etc., or of a weapon being drawn from its holder.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > [adverb] > away from some thing or place

awayeOE

outeOE

frowardOE

offOE

yondwardc1275

yonwarda1387

waywardsc1390

fromwarda1547

offward1582

fromwardsa1661

orf1845

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > [adverb]

outwardseOE

outeOE

outwardOE

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in outward direction or directed outwards > towards exterior

outwardseOE

outeOE

outwardOE

outwardly1562

outerly1681

outside1837

withoutwards1865

eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) i. i. 9 Seo ea Danai..wið eastan ut on þa sæ floweð þe mon hętt Euxinus.

eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. viii. 180 Þa flugon heo forhte ut.

eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) xxxv. 100 Ic ne mæg ut aredian.

eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. xxvii. 222 Ateon ut þa horhetan wætan.

OE Genesis B 415 Þæt he up heonan ute mihte cuman þurh þas clustro.

OE Homily (Bodl. 340) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) Þa Petrus ut abræd his sweord and sloh Melchus þone þeow.

?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1140 Me sculde leten ut þe king of prisun for þe eorl.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 47 (MED) Hie ne com nauwer ute.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 13243 Sone his sweord he ut abræid.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3025 Moyses askes up-nam, And warpes vt til heuene-ward.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 150 (MED) Þes yefþe..bestrepþ and kest out [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues casteþ out; Fr. giete hors] þe rote and þe zenne of ire.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. viii. 12 The sonys of the rewme shulen be cast out in to vttremest [a1425 L.V.v.r. outmere] derknessis.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 993 (MED) Out es put sua wreched adam Of paradis.

c1450 Mandeville's Trav. (Coventry) (1973) 1936 There springeth out a fair welle.

a1475 Bk. Hawking (Harl. 2340) in Studia Neophilol. (1944) 16 21 Take þe castynge and wryng it oute in a bason..of clere water.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 352 The blud owt at thar byrnys brest.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Exod. x. 6 And he turned him, & wente out from Pharao.

1551 Bible (Matthew's) Matt. viii. 12 The children of the kyngedome shalbe caste oute into vtter darcknes.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. I. vii. 185 None so hardy to looke out into the streetes.

1580 T. Blundeville Foure Offices Horsemanship (rev. ed.) iv. 68 b You may pull it out with a paire of nippers.

1637 J. Shirley Gamester iv I'll pour it out.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 39 I immediately order'd a Boat out.

1792 Ann. Reg. 1789 Hist. Europe 18/1 Some conciliatory expressions were, indeed, thrown out towards the close of the speech.

1854 E. B. Hamley in A. I. Shand Life E. B. Hamley (1895) I. iv. 74 General Adams' horse struck out and kicked me on the shin.

1881 Church Times 1 July 437 The evil spirit of Liberationism will be for ever cast out.

1930 C. Dixon Parachuting 53 He will then pull out the parachute ring..which will open the pack to let the parachute fly out.

1991 R. Doyle Van (1992) 129 She showed him..how to always peel out, away from your body, so you don't stab yourself.

b. From inside a building to outside; into the open air, or the world at large.

(a) Generally.out on one's ear: see ear n.¹ Phrases 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb] > out of doors

outOE

without doorc1275

thereoutc1325

abroad?c1335

out at door (also doors)c1386

out of doors1530

thereforthc1540

forth adoors1607

forth of door(s1607

without doors1617

al fresco1717

outdoorsa1729

out-by1753

the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > [adverb] > in the open air or outdoors > into the open air

outOE

OE West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) xviii. 29 Þa eode pilatus ut to him.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 9861 And ut wenden [c1300 Otho hout eode] bi-nihte.

c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 1192 Seue ȝer was Estrild in þisse erþhuse, þat neuere ne verde ȝe hut at þe dore.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 3068 Bi a priue posterne passad ouȝt er daie.

1474 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 15 (MED) Item: in bearyng owte of a scaffold owte of the churche, ij d.

1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle iv. ii. sig. Diii Go softly..sir John, Here will I waite vpon you, tyl you come out anone.

a1668 J. Renwick Choice Coll. Serm. (1776) 299 What ails our lairds that they come not out to hear the gospel preached?

1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 23/1 If he had been so ill as not to be able to come out.

1811 C. Lamb Edax on Appetite in Ess. (1835) 344 I endeavour to make up by a damper, as I call it, at home, before I go out.

1877 A. Trollope Amer. Senator I. i. 7 He..is not much thought of..except by those who go out with the hounds.

1886 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge II. vii. 99 It was still early in the evening when she hastily put on her things and went out.

1969 E. Welty Optimist's Daughter (1978) iii. iii. 153 She saw him out..then shut the door on him fast.

1981 Encounter Apr. 3/1 When he reached the house, he gave a long whistle and out Crispin came.

(b) From indoors to a public place for purposes of pleasure or entertainment. (In quot. 1932, spec.: so as to go hunting.)

ΚΠ

1652 C. Cotterell tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Cassandra i. ii. 37 She would have absolutely discovered her self, if Prince Artaxerxes..had not come to take her out to daunce; or if when he brought her back to her place, he had not sate discoursing with them all the rest of that Evening.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. iv. 71 Her Governess frequently took her out to see the Town or go among the Shops.

1788 E. Inchbald Such Things Are iii. i. 37 Do you mean to take him out to dinner with us?

1811 J. Austen Let. 29 May (1995) 187 M^rs Welby takes her out airing in her Barouche.

1827 A. Moore Let. in N. E. Eliason Tarheel Talk (1956) 303 [He] has requested to let him have the supreme pleasure of walking out with her.

1926 B. Ruck Her Pirate Partner xvi. 209 So, for all they keep you so close, you go out as you like, evenings!

1932 R. Lehmann Invit. Waltz iii. v. 209 ‘Were you out today?’ ‘Oh yes.’.. ‘Um. Going out on Saturday?’

1950 Sun (Baltimore) 31 Oct. 12/1 So let the kids go out tonight and have a grand time with their masquerading and trick-or-treating.

2000 J. Goodwin Danny Boy v. 117 He likes..going out with his mates, getting loaded and having a ruck on a Saturday night.

(c) From a place of work, as part of a strike or political protest.to call out: see to call out 6 at call v. Phrasal verbs 1. to come out: see to come out 2c at come v. Phrasal verbs 1. to walk out: see to go out 2g at go v. Phrasal verbs 1.

ΚΠ

1889 Daily Tel. 3 Dec. 5/5 He had the promises of 300 to come out ‘in sympathy’ when the time came for quitting work.

1957 Screen Printer & Display Producer July 1/1 It was never the intention of the Union to call all its members out.

1974 L. Niven & J. Pournelle Mote in God's Eye (1975) ii. xxiv. 226 When a city has grown so overlarge and crowded that it is in immediate danger of collapse..then it is that Crazy Eddie leads the movers of garbage out on strike for better working conditions.

c. From within one's home or habitation on an expedition, into exile or wandering, etc.; from home or civilian life to a war or field of battle; spec. to either of the Jacobite risings in Scotland in 1715 and 1745, or to the battlefields in France and Belgium in the First World War (1914–18). Also in weakened use: †to a duel (obsolete); outside for a fight.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > [adverb] > from a place of residence or sojourn

forthc1000

out1600

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) vii. 4 Ic asende mine hand ofer Egypta land & ut alæde minne here & min folc, Israhela bearn, of Egypta lande þurh þa mæstan wundru.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1045 On ðam ilcan geare ferde Swegen eorl ut to Baldewines lande to Brycge.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 764 Ut in-to egipte lond.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Mat. (Douce 369(2)) xi. 7 What thing wenten ȝe out for to see?

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 251 Þey [sc.proletarii] were i-constreyned for to goo out [L. exire] of skarsnesse of knyȝtes.

a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) 54 (MED) Þai drevyn þe Brytones houȝt Fro herre owne habitacyone in þis lond.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) (G10) 731/26 He put hir owȝte..fro all þe Empyr.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 114 There are other men fitter to go out then I.

1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 24 His life being wholly spent at home, saving when he went out in military service.

c1712 Song of Rid Square in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1934) I. 91 The rutherfoords with grit renown Convoyed the town of Iedbrugh out.

1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. at Go To go out, is likewise frequently used to signify the art of fighting a duel.

?1856 F. E. Smedley Harry Coverdale's Courtship iii. 15 If he feels aggrieved, he can have you out (not that I admire duelling).

1869 Ld. Tennyson Holy Grail 719 Those that had gone out upon the Quest.

1870 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (ed. 18) vi. 228 One of the lairds..proposed to go out, on the occasion of one of the risings for the Stuarts.

1895 ‘S. Tytler’ Macdonald Lass viii The rest of their branch of the clan had gone ‘out’ with the Prince in the recent rebellion.

1917 W. J. Locke Red Planet viii. 93 We had news..that we should be sent out quite soon, and that has bucked us up enormously.

1936 S. Sassoon Sherston's Progress ii. i. 98 She had hoped and prayed that I might get a home-service job; but now she just accepted the fact that I'd got to go out again.

d. From among others (of similar kind), through a process of selection, distinction, etc. See also choose v. 11 and to pick out 2 at pick v.¹ Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adverb] > individually (not collectively) > from amongst others

outc1325

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2415 Þe stalworþest me ssal, bi choys..Chese out.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ii. 276 (MED) Ek of the yonge out trie, Oon heer, oon theer.

?1536 tr. Erasmus Serm. Chylde Jesus ii. sig. A.vii The aungels appoynted out to protecte and defende vs.

1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxvii. 149 Choise is a great prince,..and culs owt the best.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. i. 2 The signall Oak..was such a one, on which Misletoe did grow; by which privie token, they conceived, God marked it out.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 187 They will sort out the good from the evil.

1866 G. O. Trevelyan in Macmillan's Mag. Mar. 416 Magistrates would choose out the most active and fierce of the young citizens.

1897 Daily News 25 May 8/1 The unfit were gradually weeded out and sent rearwards.

1953 L. Paul Sir T. More ii. 30 Erasmus relates that often after a common meal a schoolmaster would pick out a boy and hand him over for punishment to a bircher.

1990 S. Jamba Patriots (1992) xxi. 182 They felt that they had been singled out as the weaklings of the group.

e. From among surroundings (esp. which hide or obscure), through a process of discovery or identification. See also point v.¹ 3, to search out 2 at search v. Phrasal verbs, seek v. 1b.

ΚΠ

?c1430 J. Lydgate Daunce Machabree (Huntington) 291 I can..yn the sterres serche owte no defence Be domefyinge nor calculacioun.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lament. iii. 52 Myne enemies hunted me out sharpely like a byrde.

1636 T. Heywood Challenge for Beautie v. sig. H4 Helle. 'Mongst all these Courtiers, point me out the man? Maid. That Picke-devant that elbowes next the Queene.

1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry i. 4 Roots must search out and fetch themselves all the Pabulum of a Plant.

1789 D. Davidson Thoughts Seasons 43 High on the sklentin skew, or thatched eave, The sparrow..Seeks out a dwelling-place.

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xxviii. 251 Mrs. Jarley..formally invested her with a willow wand, long used by herself for pointing out the characters.

1908 Daily Chron. 18 Aug. 7/1 They search out the secret places of past grandeur, la-la-ing as they issue from court and passage.

1993 Music Technol. May 27/1 Step editing allows you to seek out and destroy single bum notes.

f. From one's possession, control or occupation into the hands of another.Usually in set combinations with particular verbs: see hire v. 3a, to lay out 3 at lay v.¹ Phrasal verbs, to let out 6 at let v.¹ Phrasal verbs, to put out 10 at put v. Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > [adverb] > into the hands of another

up1132

out1443

1443 in B. Marsh Rec. Worshipful Company Carpenters (1914) II. 9 (MED) Pamentys payed owt aȝene be sayde wardens John Wysse, [etc.].

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxi. f. xxx There was a certayne housohlder [sic] whych set a vyneyarde..and lett it out to husbandmen.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cclij^v Howe they had..geuen out their monie for interest.

1589 G. Fletcher in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 80 That no man should hier owt horse or boat to anie Englishman.

1609 T. Dekker Guls Horne-bk. sig. E2 He shall..put out money vpon his returne.

1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World Introd. p. iii I was willing to get up some money before my return, having laid out what I had at Jamaica.

1765 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 70/1 Letting out two-penny lodgings.

1782 F. Burney Cecilia V. ix. x. 193 I mean to put my whole estate out to nurse.

1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany v. 59 A girl who let out chairs for hire.

1883 Cent. Mag. Aug. 528/2 These Carmel Mission lands having been rented out, by their present owner, in great dairy farms.

1925 J. G. Bruce in E. F. Norton et al. Fight for Everest: 1924 343 It is asking for trouble to give out any money except the daily ration allowance.

1994 N.Y. Times 14 Aug. iii. 1/1 A member could work one or two of those sessions, and lease out the right to trade in the others.

g. From a store, fund, or stock divided for distribution among a number of recipients. Frequently with to, among, between.Usually in set combinations with particular verbs: see deal v. 4b, parcel v. 1, portion v. 1 and share v.² 3a(b).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > [adverb]

out1535

distributively1626

dispensinglya1641

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Sam. vi. 19 He..dealte out vnto all the people..vnto euery one a cake of bred.

1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie xcii. 570 Men are alwayes giuen to cantle out the poore folkes morsels as short as can be.

1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie ii. sig. Dd4 The great Empire of his Father was parcelled out into many members.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 210 Some strip the Skin, some portion out the Spoil.

1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World II. 187 The officers appointed to dole out public charity.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 45 Large districts or parcels of land were..dealt out again in smaller parcels or allotments to the inferior officers.

1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxvii. 91 Our guns were loaded..cartridges served out, matches lighted.

1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) II. vii. 51 England was now portioned out among a few Earls.

1910 Encycl. Brit. VII. 634/2 The livery cupboard..was often used in churches to contain the loaves of bread doled out to poor persons.

1946 E. O'Neill Iceman Cometh i. 73 De booze dey dish out around de Brooklyn Navy Yard.

1994 Diabetes Forecast May 32/3 They parcel out their child's needs between them, and include extended family if they are available and capable.

h. So as to cause departure, expulsion, or exclusion. See also crowd v.¹ 8, drum v.¹ 4b, smoke v. 6b.

ΚΠ

1652 D. Osborne Lett. (1888) 30 'Tis very possible the next new experiment may crowd me out again.

1766 T. Amory Life John Buncle II. x. 372 They..ought to be drummed out of society.

1819 W. Faux Jrnl. 16 Oct. in Memorable Days Amer. (1823) 316 When the English first came to Evansville settlement, these Rowdey labourers had nearly scared them out.

1844 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit xxxviii. 447 I'll play Old Gooseberry with the office, and make you glad to buy me out at a good high figure.

1874 J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl Shooting 142 We probably won't scare out any very large batches of ducks.

1975 Times 4 Sept. 2/1 In an effort to price out [football] hooligans..most Saturday concessionary fares are being ended.

1994 Canad. Workshop Aug. 19/2 (caption) It seemed a logical step for them to buy out the manufacturer and move the business.

†i. Of the water in a river: beyond the banks. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [adverb] > beyond banks

out1854

1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 i. 221 A good rain is sure to send the waters out.

2. Away from an accustomed place.

a. From the land, into the sea or ocean.

ΚΠ

eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 882 Þy ilcan geare for Ælfred cyning mid scipum ut on sæ & gefeaht wiþ feower sciphlæstas deniscra monna.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1101 Se cyng syddan scipa ut on sæ sende.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 558 Heo wenden vt i wide sæ.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 176 Wherefore go þei not out on the see syde for to go where þat hem lyketh?

1557 in R. G. Marsden Sel. Pleas Court Admiralty (1897) II. 31 Another shippe of warre..furnished manned and victualyd and sett out to the seas by Walter Rawleighe.

1615 in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1920) III. 185 The rebellis wshit owt in a boat.

1672 C. Manners in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 25 Our Navy puts out again to sea stronger than at first.

1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 156 Tho' they immediately let go the Sheet-Anchor, and veer'd almost two Cables on it, yet they drove out to Sea.

1763 Philos. Trans. 1762 (Royal Soc.) 52 452 The stream..had hoisted us far out into the ocean.

1838 E. A. Poe Narr. A. G. Pym in Wks. (1864) IV. 15 We..kept full, and started boldly out to sea.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 131 They are carried by the river right out to sea.

1958 ‘N. Shute’ Rainbow & Rose ii. 57 I..flew out to sea..on the reciprocal course, and then turned in again and flew towards the coast on 110°.

1991 P. Sweeney Virgin Directory World Music 242 Families were split up, put on to different boats and shoved out into the Atlantic.

b. From one's home or usual location to a distant place; to a colony or overseas territory. Also, of the mail: leaving the area; of a train, coach, steamer, etc.: outward-bound. Cf. in adv. 10d.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > riding in a vehicle > [adverb] > of coach, etc.: going out, departing

out1651

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxiv. 131 Those we call Plantations, or Colonies..are numbers of men sent out from the Common-wealth..to inhabit a Forraign Country.

1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 134 Let us take a walk in the Fields a little out from the Houses.

1850 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 17 466/1 An offer..to go out to Australia.

1856 ‘A. Clergyman’ Three Years on Kansas Border 93 Never mind, there will be a train out from the Fort to day or to-morrow.

1902 J. Conrad Typhoon i. 5 We had very fine weather on our passage out.

1911 R. Brooke Let. Jan. (1968) 269 Your letter arrived by the last post in last night, and I..didn't get back in time to catch the last post out.

1942 H. H. Peck Mem. of Stockman 44 He brought his whole family..out from the Old Country.

1987 R. Ingalls End of Trag. 44 I wanted to be a painter, so I just jumped on the first train out.

1989 Weekly News (Glasgow) 27 May 3/2 I will be flying out shortly.

1990 D. McIntosh Visits 14 The first train out in the morning going my way was a milk train with one passenger car.

c. Golf. To or at the end of the outward half (usually the first nine holes) of a golf course (in so many strokes). Opposed to home, in.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > golf course > [adverb]

out1867

1867 R. H. Smith Golfer's Year Bk. 1866 76 The lowest professional score for the year was made on the 6th of July by Tom Morris... Out..36 In..43; total, 79.

1909 Daily Chron. 7 May 8/4 Out in 36, he came home in a good 37, and made certain of a place.

1932 B. Darwin Out of Rough 266 With great bravery he got a nine to the eighteenth, and so finished in 214, 97 out and 117 home.

1969 Times 30 May 8/7 Maurice Bembridge..missed green after green and could only get out in 41.

1982 Times 5 Nov. 19/7 Out in 31, Canizares was seven under par at that stage.

a. From a proper, normal, or natural place or position, by a process of removal, exclusion, extraction, etc. Also in extended use.to put out: see to put out 3 at put v. Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > absence > [adverb] > away from some recognized place

outeOE

thencec1290

thenne1297

hencec1300

forth14..

afield1483

offward1582

therehence1611

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [adverb] > displaced

outeOE

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [adverb] > removed

upc897

outeOE

awayc1661

eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. v. 90 Þa sticode him mon þa eagan ut.

OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 179 Effodio, ic ut adelfe.

c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) 1592 (MED) A corner of otuweles scheld He gurde out amidde þe feld.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. lii. 11 Þe eȝen of sedechie he pullide out.

?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 88 With þat knyf he cuttez out a pece of his flesch.

1611 Bible (King James) Psalms lviii. 6 Breake out the great teeth of the young lyons.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 273 [The book] was after by the Iewes altered, putting out and in at their pleasure.

1653 T. Brugis Vade Mecum (ed. 2) 144 A punch to force out a stump of a hollow tooth.

1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy III. xxiv. 131 May my brains be knock'd out with a..catapulta.

1840 W. M. Thackeray Catherine xi Mr. Wood sat near, laughing his sides out.

1885 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 4th Ser. 327/1 Push out the pillar pins, and remove the top plate.

1942 Times of India 31 Dec. 8/4 Fittings are kept to essentials and anything approaching luxury has been..cut out.

1993 R. Shell iCED 111 Lorraine used to fall off the monkey-bars and knock out her front teeth.

b. From a post, office, or occupation.to turn out: see to turn out 3b(b) at turn v. Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > [adverb] > expressing removal from office

out1641

1641 E. Dering Coll. Speeches on Relig. 21 June (1642) ix. sig. Div^v As one government goes out, I could see another come in, and that without an Interregnum of Commissioners.

1746 H. Walpole Let. to H. Mann 14 Feb. The triumphant party are not at all in the humour to be turned out.

1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton My Novel III. ix. iv. 27 It does not seem to me possible..that you and your party should ever go out!

1881 R. C. Praed Policy & Passion I. ix. 186 It is an absolute certainty that the Government will go out.

1972 Guardian 17 Aug. 1/4 We know 2,000 [dockers] are going to be put out in Liverpool.

1993 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 15 June a 4/5 Albertans were ready to turf the Tories out and elect a Liberal government.

c. Cricket and Baseball. So as to effect a dismissal; so as to end a batter's active participation in a game or innings.

ΚΠ

1752 Game at Cricket in New Universal Mag. Nov. 581/1 Though..the player is bowl'd out.

1772 Kentish Gaz. 29 Aug. Those marked thus * were off their ground; † run out; ‡ catched out; § bowled out.

1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. iii. 50 Bowled out at the first ball.

1837 Globe 22 Sept. Wenman..took it very quietly, and for a length of time defied all their efforts to get him out.

1843 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 54 171 They put our men out pretty fast. Hanmer got..run out after a splendid hit.

1891 Cricket 29 Oct. 463/1 The Germantown man returned the ball like a flash to the wicket, and the ‘south-paw’ batsman was run out.

1958 Times 18 Dec. 11/4 The least athletically inclined are frequently finding themselves..bowled out.

1990 Sporting News Baseball Yearbk. Mar. 22/2 Hershiser could have thrown his glove out there on the mound and he'd get me out.

4. With main verb implied.

a. As an imperative, demanding the departure or removal of someone or something: as a command with the vocative or as third-person imperative either with with and the party concerned as object, or (in recent use) following the name of that party (usually in slogans and chants used by crowds in political or sports contexts).

ΚΠ

OE Metrical Charm: For Sudden Stitch (Harl. 585) 17 Ut, spere, næs in, spere.

c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 707 Awei, vt [c1300 Laud Henne out, a1350 Harl. go out]..fule þeof!..Wend vt of my bure.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. H4^v Out with him..let him go to plow and cart.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. i. 33 Out damned spot: out I say!

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 748 Out, out, Hyæna; these are thy wonted arts, And arts of every woman false like thee.

1786 R. Cumberland Observer III. lxiv. 30 Smoke the Jew!.. Out with Shylock.

1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. vii. 193 Out, you diminutive pint-pot, whelped of an overgrown reckoning!

1884 Ld. Tennyson Becket i. i. 33 O drunken ribaldry! Out, beast! out, bear!..begone!

1968 Times 8 July 1/7 More than 100 Pakistani students took over the Pakistan High Commission in Lowndes Square, S.W., last night... Demonstrators lined the balcony chanting and waving placards saying: ‘This building is occupied’ and ‘Ayub out’.

1977 Woman's Own 26 Mar. 31/3 Then you notice..the painted slogans in the housing estates: ‘Brits out.’ ‘Join the IRA.’

2000 People (Electronic ed.) 19 Nov. Two goals up early on, Leicester's travelling fans taunted the Riverside faithful with chants of ‘Robson Out’.

b. With with followed by a noun phrase. Originally implying physical extraction or deployment; now usually (with it) as an encouragement to speak. In later use only as an imperative; cf. out v. 5a.Similar constructions are found with away, down, in, off, on, up, etc.: see those words and with prep. 9b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [phrase] > exhortation to assert or admit something

out1709

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 11942 Arður ut mid his sweorde.

c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) 157 Op starte a freinsche kniȝt..& anon out wiþ a knif.

c1440 Prose Life Alexander (Thornton) (1913) 12 (MED) He oute wit a swerd and..slewe hym.

c1465 Care of Horses (Yale Beinecke 163) f. 53 Then perysshe the skyn a-ȝen ij fynger brode be-nethe the knee and then out wyth the vayn a-ȝen and knyt it fast be-nethe the handler.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Acts 87 b They out with theyr swerdes, and cutte the ropes.

?a1610 A. Montgomerie Poems (1887) xlviii. 141 Out with ȝour boulings.

1694 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais (1737) iv. xxii. 95 Out with all your Sails.

1709 M. Prior To Young Gent. in Love 67 Our Sex will—What? out with it:—Lye.

1783 Sessions Papers Dec. 15 He out with the knife and shewed it me.

1808 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. III. 46 I should have out with one of Carlotta's harmless ‘condemn its!’.

1860 W. M. Thackeray Thorns in Cushion in Roundabout Papers in Wks. (1872) X. 36 Out with your cambric, dear ladies, and let us all whimper together.

1924 J. Galsworthy Forest i. i. 11 Out with it, Mr. Farrell.

1991 J. Connor Distortions 68 Don't look so worried. I can see you're angry, so out with it.

c. With modal auxiliary.

(a) To be discovered, become widely known, come out; (also) to find some means of self-expression. Now only in proverbial phrases, as murder will out, the truth will out, etc.

ΚΠ

?a1300 (c1250) Prov. Hendyng (Digby) xxxvii, in Anglia (1881) 4 198 Wille þei, nille þei, out hit shal And ben ful couþ oueral.

c1390 G. Chaucer Prioress's Tale 1766 Mordre wol out certeyn, it wol nat faille.

a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 5356 But at þe laste it out shal.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. ii. 76 In the ende trueth will out .

a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Richard II cccxlvi, in Poems (1878) 223 But it will out; for Chronicles haue made It Common Chimney talke.

1764 S. Foote Patron iii. 67 The whole secret will certainly out.

1843 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 53 232 Snobbery, like murder, will out.

1887 W. Westall Her Two Millions xxvii ‘Murder will out’. They say so, because they have no idea how often murders don't out.

1992 J. MacKenna Visiting Day in Fallen 114 Bad blood will out, isn't that what you said to your missus?

2000 M. Beaumont e 213 Auntie has it on tape so the truth will out.

†(b) To get out, escape. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 2 Deep wose..in whiche þe soule styketh sumtyme so faste, þat he may noȝt out, but schulde peryssche.

1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (Rom. vii. 17) An ill inmate that will not out, till the house falleth on the head of it.

1676 B. Keach Elegy Death John Norcot (single sheet) Have we not cause to think the crafty Fox, Will out abroad and prey upon the flocks.

†(c) To reach a conclusion. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1544 J. Bale Brefe Chron. Syr J. Oldcastell in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I. 254 It was concluded amonge them that..processe shulde oute agaynst hym.

†d. With transitive verb implied. Cf. out v. 5b. Obsolete.Forming a kind of compound phrase with the notional object, which has no determiner.

ΚΠ

1803 in Naval Documents U.S. Wars Barbary Powers (U.S. Office Naval Rec.) (1941) II. 432 The Enterprize out sweeps and went ahead.

1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. vi. 24 Ready, at a wink or nod, to out sabre, and flourish it over the orator's head.

1857 C. Gribble in Mercantile Marine Mag. (1858) 5 3 Out top-gallant-sails and flying jib!

1891 ‘M. O'Rell’ Frenchman in Amer. 246 The Westerner may out pistol and shoot you if you annoy him.

a. To the full extent, to a fuller extent (in space or time).to draw out: to draw out 3a at draw v. Phrasal verbs 1, to draw out 3b at Phrasal verbs 1. to eke out: eke v. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [adverb] > expressing prolongation in space

outc1275

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 12969 He droh ut his gleden.

?a1300 Iacob & Iosep (Bodl.) (1916) 7 (MED) Men loueden..Vcchen out þe gurdel & rume þe wombe.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 432 (MED) He raȝt out..Laȝt to his lufly hed, & lyft hit vp sone.

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 198 (MED) Stretche out þin hond.

1483 Act 1 Rich. III c. 8 Preamb. Clothes..ben set upon Tentours, and drawen out in Leyngh and Brede.

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique iii. f. 88^v Dulled with ouerlong drawing out of a sentence.

1596 Bp. W. Barlow tr. L. Lavater Three Christian Serm. iii. 133 Not to bee so..giuen to spending..but eeke it out to the vtmost.

1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 718 The sabbathes holding out the whole day.

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 27 The soul may be every where, where the body is stretched out.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 200 To lengthen out the period of life.

1806 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) I. 286 When every Side of any Figure is produced out, the Sum of all the Outward Angles thereby made, is equal to Four Right Angles.

1888 T. Hardy Wessex Tales I. 18 The self-invited comer..stretched out his legs and his arms with the expansiveness of a person quite at home.

1964 I. Murdoch Italian Girl i. i. 15 Then he smiled, and as the eyes almost vanished the cheeks broadened out in great wreaths of welcome.

1989 in P. van der Merwe Origins Pop. Style ix. 77 The colored people..sing for hours together, short scraps of disjointed affirmations, pledges, or prayers, lengthened out with long repetition choruses.

b. So as to project or protrude beyond the general surface or limits; so as to display. See also to hold out at hold v. Phrasal verbs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > [adverb]

a-strutc1330

outc1440

a-stare1855

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 2077 (MED) The hede [of the spear] haylede owtt behynde..Thurghe hawberke and hanche.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 354 That, as ane hyrcheoune, all his rout Gert set out speris all about.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Esther iv. B Excepte the kynge holde out the golden cepter vnto him.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxxxiiij^v So that it bossed out and frounced very stately to behold.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. v. §8. 694 Each of them hung out a burning Cresset vpon two poles, at the Beake-head.

1658 J. Jones tr. Ovid Invective against Ibis 67 A sharp clift shuts [= shoots] out like a woman.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) II. 160 They shoot out during the Summer many well-rooted Suckers.

1796 Hist. in Ann. Reg. 77 The French..held out language promissory of equitable conditions.

1896 Notes & Queries 22 Feb. 160/1 The room..built out to serve as a library and residence for Coleridge.

1947 W. Motley Knock on my Door 119 Behind Ma's back Ang thumbed her nose and stuck out her tongue.

1989 M. Kramer Making Sense of Wine iii. 71 All they needed to do was hang out a sign.

c. colloquial (chiefly U.S. and Irish English). from here on out (formerly also from this (here, that) out): henceforth, from now on.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > from now or henceforth

fortha700

heneOE

henforthOE

forwardOE

anovenOE

yetOE

downwardc1175

forthwardc1175

furthermorea1300

henforthwardc1300

forne14..

henceforwardc1330

henforwardc1330

hencefortha1375

henceforthwardc1384

hencec1390

furtherwarda1400

forwardsc1400

hyneforwardc1400

henceforwardsa1425

even-forthc1425

forth on1474

henceforthon1490

hynea1500

froforth1536

hyneforth1570

downwards1584

towards1587

here-hence1592

whenceforth1658

whenceforwarda1661

onward1667

onwards1732

from here on out1867

as of now1902

1867 F. A. Buck Lett. (1930) 214 Now, I am going to try to be a Jew from this out.

1882 W. D. Howells Mod. Instance in Cent. Mag. Apr. 925/1 I'll take a back seat from this out.

1907 J. J. Horgan Great Catholic Laymen (ed. 2) i. 37 Napoleon was then at the height of his power. From that out his Empire began to decline.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 418 Mrs Marion from this out, my dear man, when you speak to me.

1941 in H. Wentworth Amer. Dial. Dict. (1944) 434/1 He has run the race and is fairly entitled to sit on the sidelines from here out.

1942 in H. Wentworth Amer. Dial. Dict. (1944) 434/1 Bob Maslow's at the controls from here on out.

1972 A. Friedman in C. B. Cox & A. E. Dyson 20th-cent. Mind. I. xii. 420 There are symbolic signs everywhere that Charlotte's and Adam's lives from here on out will be lives of protracted emptiness and captive anguish.

1987 M. Beattie Codependent No More ii. x. 104 It may not be all roses from here on out, but it doesn't have to be all thorns either.

2000 R. Green & M. Burgess Full Leather Jacket (HBO TV shooting script) 7 in Sopranos 2nd Ser. (O.E.D. Archive) Silvio. He may never walk again. Paulie. (crossing himself) Never say never. Richie. No. Say never. He's a fucking shopping cart, here on out.

** In figurative uses expressing a change in state or progress towards a result.

a. To the conclusion or finish; to an end, to completion, to exhaustion.

(a) In general uses, emphasizing the completion of an action.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [adverb] > to the end

offeOE

awayOE

outc1175

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1892 Marrch wass þa Neh all gan ut till ende.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 15 Biginneð anan Veni creator spiritus..& seggeð al þe imne vt.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 14507 (MED) Bisshopes were þei þo aboute, Vchone but his twelue moneþe oute.

c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 3459 Or this x ȝere go fully out.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxlj The trewes commeth oute at October nexte.

1644 W. Prynne & C. Walker True Relation Prosecution N. Fiennes 8 He procured sixe or seven successive adjournments of the day of triall..thereby to tire out the Prosecutors.

1668 W. Davenant Man's the Master v. i Perhaps, I may have patience to hear you out.

1722 J. Quincy Lexicon Physico-medicum (ed. 2) 2 When a Woman goes not her full time out with Child.

1746 London Evening-post 8 July The Match must be play'd out.

1816 J. Keats Sonnet, Grasshopper & Cricket in Poems (1817) Tired out with fun.

1886 Sir J. Stirling in Law Times Rep. 55 284/1 The case has not been tried out.

1904 L. T. Meade Love Triumphant ii. ix I must confide in you, but you seem..so terribly restless that you have not patience to hear me out.

2002 J. McGahern That they may face Rising Sun (2003) 79 I never thought they'd last out. Every year I came home expecting to find them gone.

(b) In phrasal verbs with the sense ‘to bring to a conclusion by the action of the simple verb’. Frequently with it as indefinite object. Cf. to have out 2 at have v. Phrasal verbs.

ΚΠ

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms lv. 23 The bloudthurstie and disceatfull shal not lyue out half their daies.

1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. sig. G.ij^v If they had meant to fight it out.

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 406 If in the meane time he feast it out.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. xv. 585 Fencers trying it out with unrebated swords.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) v. iii. 67 While shamefull hate sleepes out the afternoone.

1702 D. Defoe More Reformation Pref. 2 The Englishmen fairly Box it out.

1759 Ann. Reg. 1758 52 M. Conflans had two choices, either to fly, or to stand and fight it out.

1764 S. Johnson Let. 22 May (1992) I. 242 You will hardly be quite at rest till you have talked yourself out to some friend.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. xc. 247 The best thing was to let him talk himself out and reveal his own hollowness.

1970 Listener 23 July 127/3 Decided not to slug it out directly with News at Ten.

1974 J. McGahern Leavetaking ii. 85 In some country school I'd teach out my days.

1990 Hinduism (Coimbatore) 26 Jan. (heading) Concern over terrorism. Let's talk it out, DV tells people.

†b. Completely, outright. See also all out adv., n., and adj. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > entirely, altogether, or completely

righteOE

allingOE

outlyOE

allOE

throughoutlyc1175

allingsa1225

throughouta1225

thoroughc1225

albedenec1300

outc1300

quitelyc1330

all-whollya1375

most widelya1382

all wholea1393

all-thinga1398

algate?a1400

algatesc1405

thoroughly1442

mainly1550

outrighta1560

outrightly1642

solely1710

teetotally1832

bodaciously1833

teetotaciously1833

orl1864

c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 1954 Here names, for here schrewede ne beoth noȝt forȝute ut.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. 689 (MED) The world of Selver was begonne And that of gold was passed oute.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 409 I requyre the..that thou wolt sle me oute.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 931 Xx^ty dais owt the ost Remaynit thar.

a1500 Gesta Romanorum (Gloucester) (1971) 779 (MED) Thes ij [sc. baptism and penance] fayle howȝte in many pepull.

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iv. 110 Such as bee slaine right out.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 41 Then thou was't not Out three yeeres old.

1675 E. Wilson Spadacrene Dunelmensis Pref. sig. B7 Those that know it full out as well as they must.

1812 in Examiner 7 Sept. 564/1 He must go and kill him out.

c. In phrasal verbs with the sense ‘to get oneself through (a period of time, an experience) by the action of the simple verb’. Frequently with it as indefinite object.

ΚΠ

1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes ii, in Wks. (1557) 195/1 [He] went ouer the sea..to se flaunders, & France, and ryde out one somer in those countrees.

1533 T. More Answere Poysened Bk. iv. xi. f. ccxxiiii^v Els may he neuer make him self so sure, & face in [read it] out a this fashion.

a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. A4^v Ile to the Court, and Ile prince it out.

1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 589 The sea was grown so rough, that the admiral was not able longer to ride it out with his gallies.

1663 J. Heath Hist. Cromwell ii. 5 He was presently removed..to Lincolns-Inne; where he might with lesse imputation..royster it out.

1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 15 Sometimes a-try, and sometimes a-hull, we busked it out.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1776 II. 84 Johnson: I was obliged to..throw myself back upon my chair, and fairly laugh it out.

1826 W. Scott Woodstock III. iii. 64 I..would willingly ruffle it out once more in the King's cause.

1840 T. Hook Fitzherbert III. xvii. 333 They tried to bravado it out.

1873 A. Trollope Eustace Diamonds II. xxxii. 78 I'd brazen it out, and let people say what they pleased.

1918 Sat. Evening Post 19 Oct. 93/1 They [sc. submarine chasers] wangle through somehow. They weather it out.

1986 T. McGuane To skin Cat (1989) 101 What I did was just sit there and tough it out.

1994 Eng. Today Oct. 21/2 He overcame a scandal in his first campaign for national office and I overcame a scandal in my first national campaign. We both just gutted it out.

a. So as to be heard; aloud; loudly.to cry out: see to cry out at cry v. Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > audibility > [adverb]

outc1230

strongly1340

aloudc1390

in one's hearinga1425

audiently1480

audibly1564

upa1723

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [adverb] > specific

outc1230

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 221 Ȝef þer is eani word iseid þet mahte hurten heorte ne beo hit nawt iboren ut ne ibroht to oþer ancre.

a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 26 (MED) Þer stont vp a ȝeolumon..ant hat out an heh þat al þe hyrt herde.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Ecclus. I. 18 Thanne crieden out the sonus of Aron.

a1400 Ancrene Riwle (Pepys) (1976) 26 Þe henne whan sche haþ leide an eye, sche kakeleþ it out.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccix. 192 Men myght here ther blowyng out with hornes more than a myle.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxxxiii. 262 Speke out hyer that ye may the better be herde.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xxiv. 107 Come hether Herald..And read out this.

1681 E. Hickeringill Horrid Sin Man-catching i. 16 The little Peacocks shreame out.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 266. ⁋2 A muttering Voice, as if between Soliloquy and speaking out.

1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxviii. 304 Gabriel murmured out something about its being very pretty.

1887 H. Caine Son of Hagar i. iii A solitary crow flew across the sky, and cawed out its guttural note.

1937 L. Armstrong Swing that Music vii. 77 When the boys were all swinging good and hot, I would sing out, ‘Swing it, Gate’.

1996 Calif. City Sports July 22 Coaches can motivate us to achieve a higher level by giving pep talks, yelling out lap splits, or barking out commands.

b. To the knowledge of others or to public knowledge; openly, candidly. Now usually intensified by right (see right adv. Phrases 2).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > [adverb]

outa1400

notoirely1409

notorily1455

notoriouslyc1495

famously1553

by the drum1564

society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > openness or unconcealedness > [adverb]

barelyc950

beforeOE

openlyOE

nakedly?c1225

in a person's bearda1250

opelyc1275

apertly1297

commonlya1325

opena1325

overtlyc1325

pertlya1375

plainc1380

in (also on) opena1382

in apertc1384

plainlyc1390

in open (also general) audiencea1393

aperta1400

in commonaltya1400

outa1400

without laina1400

in commonc1400

publishlyc1400

pertc1410

in publicc1429

on higha1450

in pert1453

to a person's facea1470

into heightc1480

forthward?1504

but hidel?1507

publicly1534

uncolouredly1561

roundly1563

famously1570

vulgarly1602

above board1603

round1604

displayedly1611

on (also upon) the square?1611

undisguisedly1611

broadly1624

discoveredly1659

unveiledly1661

under a person's nose1670

manifestly1711

before faces1762

publically1797

overboard1834

unashamedly1905

upfront1972

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 27293 Þe preist..noght sceu his sinnes vte.

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 90 He þat schewyth out wyth his mowth..þe malyce of his herte.

a1500 (a1400) Sir Eglamour (Cambr.) (1844) 57 (MED) What some ever that ye to me say, Y schalle hyt nevyr owte caste.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 173 Say it out Diggon.

1637 J. Shirley Gamester v That, if things come out, we should keep counsel.

1738 A. Pope One Thousand Seven Hundred & Thirty Eight 3 Come, come, at all I laugh He laughs, no doubt, The only diff'rence is, I dare laugh out.

1796 Ld. Nelson Let. 20 Nov. in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) II. 304 We have all of us some [damages] when the truth comes out.

1872 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. 614/1 To stand up to him and tell him right out what a fool he was.

1966 Toronto Daily Star 1 Mar. 39/1 After considerable hinting, she finally came right out and asked for the painting.

1991 N. Baker U & I ix. 173 Should I say right out how hard it was to write an acceptance speech.

a. From a state of quiescence into a state of activity; from a limited or closed state to a fuller or more open state.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > [adverb]

outa1387

on1572

on (a) float1749

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 81 (MED) A metrere brekeþ out in þis manere in preisynge of þis citee.

1579 T. Palfreyman Baldwin's Treat. Morall Philos. (new ed.) viii. iii. f. 177 When wee doe raylingly bruste out agaynst anye man, into slaunderous and contentyous woordes.

1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 22 in Justa Edouardo King Where we..think to burst out into sudden blaze.

1692 W. Temple Mem. iii. 339 (Seager) The rebellion in Scotland broke out.

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. III. lx. 295 Numberless were the extravagancies which broke out among the people.

1826 R. Southey Let. in Corr. R. Southey with C. Bowles (1881) 93 Whether the studied deference which is now assumed toward me,..will open out anything like a frank and easy intercourse time must show.

1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. viii. 518 The war that now broke out lasted seven years.

1894 Ld. Wolseley Life Marlborough II. 179 A good line of communication was soon opened out.

1991 A. Granger Season for Murder (BNC) 49 ‘I'll make coffee,’ she offered, aware that she should contribute to the peace that had broken out between them.

b. Into outward expression or manifestation; into clear visibility; into blossom, flower or leaf.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > [adverb]

outa1398

feelably?a1475

manifestlyc1475

livishly1530

lively1548

demonstratively1571

declaringly1583

exhibitively1611

manifestatively1649

ostensibly1762

ostensively1763

forthrightly1934

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 212 Þe leues firste brekeþ oute and spryngeþ.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxvij^v They layd the bodies out upon the bed.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxvij^v The Byshoppes Tyrrannye is there paynted out.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. ii. 249 Shine out faire sunne,..That I may see my shadow as I passe.

1642–3 Earl of Newcastle Declaration in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1721) V. 134 A Course..chalked out to me by themselves.

1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 40. 264 These..are lately furbishing up to shine out at some favourable Conjuncture.

1817 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Mariner (rev. ed.) iii, in Sibylline Leaves 15 The Sun's rim dips; the stars rush out.

1852 M. Arnold Future (ad fin.) The stars come out.

1890 M. Oliphant Kirsteen I. iii. 50 The clouds would disperse and the sun break out, and her heart would float forth upon that golden stream.

1895 ‘I. Maclaren’ For Conscience Sake in Days Auld Lang Syne ii Each spring the primroses came out below.

1973 I. Murdoch Black Prince i. 75 I'll put out some of her clothes for you.

1991 M. Kenyon Kleinberg iv. xxx. 182 The straw flowers you picked are starting to come out.

a. So as to be no longer alight or burning; into darkness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [adverb] > into darkness

outa1398

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > [adverb] > so as to be extinguished

outa1398

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 331 For þat þe wynde schulde nouȝt blowe out þe light.

?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 31 His lawmpe gase oute.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. xcix^v When the greate fire of this discencion..was..vtterly quenched out.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxix Fyngereth the candell, putteth it out.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 5 But that the Sea..Dashes the fire out .

1679 tr. Trag. Hist. Jetzer 12 Putting out a Candle which remain'd..lighted.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 265. ¶9 A Candle goes half out in the light of the Sun.

1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 91 A sudden hurricane blew out our lights, and rocked our habitation.

1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack xxiii. 165 He snuffed it out.

1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta I. viii. 99 The lighted windows went out one by one, and all the house was in darkness.

1940 W. Faulkner Hamlet i. iii. 82 That first Snopes will turn around and stomp the fire out.

1989 K. Green Night Angel iii. 31 The first match sputtered out.

b. So as to cease existing or functioning; so as to disappear from currency or common use; into extinction.to give out: see to give out 5 at give v. Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [adverb] > to nothing or into extinction

outa1450

to nothing1571

a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 11^v (MED) But long sikernes of pees haþ wered out [L. aboleuit] þe vse of þis craft.

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. i^v Those plowes gyue out to sodaynly, and therfore they be the worse to drawe.

1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels II. 222 He that gives out, at the last Heat, loses the Benefit of all his labours and successes in the former.

1799 R. Warner Let. 4 Sept. in Walk Western Counties (1800) 65 What with smartish work,..I began to find my legs give out.

1821 Examiner 803/2 The charge is now falsified..and decidedly going out.

1871 S. Smiles Character i. 29 The nations that are idle and luxurious..must inevitably die out.

1878 J. R. O'Flanagan Irish Bar (1879) 422 Possibly, if Davis had lived longer, the politician might have killed out the poet.

1948 K. S. Pritchard Golden Miles 118 There's..more men going out to miner's complaint, now, than there was in the old days.

1993 Home Sept. 76 (advt.) Our balanced washer..won't conk out in mid-cycle.

10.

a. So as to reach a full result or solution (esp. by slow or laborious work).Usually in set combinations with particular verbs: see figure v. 15c, to find out 4 at find v. Phrasal verbs, help v. 6c, to work out 7a at work v. Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [adverb] > to a result

out1534

1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Phil. ii. 12 Worke out youre awne saluacion with feare and tremblynge.

a1625 J. Fletcher Chances iv. iii. 17/1 in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ccc Untill to morrow this time: we to our way, To make this doubt out, and you to your way.

1692 R. Bentley Confut. Atheism from Struct. & Origin Humane Bodies: Pt. II 7 To make out, how matter by undirected Motion could..fall..into such a curious formation of Humane Bodies.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 411. ¶7 Pleasures of the Fancy..which are worked out by Dint of Thinking.

1781 W. Cowper Charity 473 While the clerk just puzzles out the psalm.

1834 C. A. Davis Lett. J. Downing, Major iv. 41 I want you to help me figure it out.

1887 ‘L. Carroll’ Game of Logic i. §2. 25 We will work out one other Syllogism.

1905 Smart Set Oct. 17/2 ‘I'll figure it out after a while,’ he said. ‘It ain't exactly worryin' me sick yet.’

1963 J. N. Harris Weird World Wes Beattie (1964) iii. 24 But I still want to talk to Mrs. Leduc and find out why she sent the boy up the river.

1992 N.Y. Times 19 July i. 3/1 18 percent went to the opposition Liberal Democrats, who also met today to puzzle out the reasons for the defeat.

b. So as to reach a definite consequence, issue, or end result.

ΚΠ

1614 Bp. J. Hall Recoll. Treat. 71 God purposed it as it is fallen out.

1649 R. Baxter Saints Everlasting Rest (new ed.) iii. i. 274 If any thing fell out amiss.

1743 W. Emerson Doctr. Fluxions 120 If its Value comes out negative it is concave in that Point.

1796 F. Burney Camilla V. ix. iv. 105 What a mere codger that lad has turned out!

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. vi. 344 I shall come out bottom of the form, as sure as eggs is eggs.

1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xiv. 130 The chronicler tells how things fell out.

1977 P. Dickinson Walking Dead i. v. 69 They decided to give it a year and see how it all panned out.

1989 T. Clancy Clear & Present Danger xiv. 305 Turns out that she always wanted a nose job.

11.

a. Into public notice or public circulation; spec. (of a book, film, or other item for sale) into publication; on release; on sale to customers.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > [adverb] > by means of a book, journal, etc.

out1542

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 197 For epitaphies are..not set out till the parties bee deceassed.

a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 58 Not yet set out in Print.

1640–4 Ld. Finch in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 13 His Majesty..commanded Writs to issue out accordingly.

1662 H. More Coll. Several Philos. Writings (ed. 2) Pref. p. xi Before this second volume of Descartes his came out.

1752 A. Murphy Gray's Inn Jrnl. No. 1 I cannot issue out my first Performance, without feeling an extraordinary Solicitude for the Event.

1790 F. Burney Diary Feb. (1842) V. 93 I shall pity those men when the book comes out!—I would not be in their skins!

1895 Bookman Oct. 12/1 Mr. Hare's Autobiography..is apparently not to come out this season.

1928 Observer 24 June 8 The book is sent out by Constable's in a particularly attractive dust-jacket.

1994 Ticket Aug. 69 Another biggie on the Megadrive front due out this month is Streets of Rage 3.

b. Of a person: into society at large; into professional life; into work or domestic service (spec. upon the stage). Now only (with reference to a debutante) in to come out 8c at come v. Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > fashionable society > [adverb] > into fashionable society

out1782

1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. vi. iv. 259 She has seen nothing at all of the world, for she has never been presented yet, so she is not come out, you know: but she's to come out next year.

1804 ‘Ignotus’ Culina 222 The great object is to ‘bring the young lady out’,..in other words, to exhibit her as a show.

1849 Ld. Houghton Let. 19 May in T. W. Reid Life Ld. Houghton (1890) I. x. 433 My sister in town bringing out a young sister-in-law.

1885 J. K. Jerome On Stage 6 Here the question very naturally arose, ‘How can I get out?’

1896 W. Cather Burglar's Christmas in S. O'Brien Willa Cather Stories (1987) 80 She is a big girl now, you know, and came out last winter.

1991 Sunday Times 8 Sept. 12/5 The 1950s were a time when upper-class girls still ‘came out’ and a good education would equip them to find a suitable husband.

12.

a. With reference to dress, decoration, appearance, equipment, etc.: comprehensively, to the last detail, in a way that provides or includes everything necessary.to fit out: see fit v.¹ 11c. to kit out: see kit v.¹ 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > in the greatest degree or most > in or to the highest degree

principallyc1390

speciallya1425

consummately1529

extremelya1533

out1555

pre-eminently1590

superlatively1596

supremely1597

supereminently1610

super-superlatively1632

ad extremum1640

highest1726

supernally1874

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. viii. 180 The women are not sette out to allure.

1637 J. Shirley Gamester 111 More..Than well could furnish out two country-weddings.

a1649 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1853) II. 76 The church furnished him out, and provided a pinnace to transport him.

1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 475 He..has made such a Spot of Ground of it as furnishes out a kind of Luxury for a Hermite.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 338 Is a fleet to be fitted out ?

1839 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation (1863) 157 In fitting him out for his departure.

1874 J. A. Symonds Siena in Sketches Italy & Greece 66 A procession of priests and acolytes..and little girls dressed out in white.

1904 J. A. Riis Theodore Roosevelt xiv. 344 Mrs. Cleveland when he was Governor, togged out his staff in the most gorgeous clothes.

1974 Standard Encycl. Southern Afr. X. 569/1 Larger wagons..were constructed on traditional lines but were more lavishly fitted out, sometimes..equipped with..windows, curtains and lamps.

1990 Daily Star 20 Mar. 23 We're doing the whole place out and I've just bought a new bedroom, bathroom and kitchen.

2003 Independent 21 Jan. (Review section) 9/3 They turned up..already kitted out with helmets, gas capes, chocolate rations and eyes that narrowed when they looked into the sun.

b. colloquial. With intransitive verb: thoroughly, utterly; to the point of complete self-indulgence.to pig out: see pig v. 4a. to splash out: see splash v.¹ 2d.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > completely or thoroughly

welleOE

furtherlyc1175

through and through?1316

perfectlya1400

radically?a1425

roundly?a1425

substantiallya1425

perfectc1425

thoroughly1442

substantiallyc1449

throughlya1450

naitlyc1450

through1472

surely?a1475

cleanc1475

through stitch1573

fundamentally1587

down1616

perfectedly1692

minutely1796

homea1825

good1834

rotten1840

out1971

full on1979

1971 ‘R. Allen’ Suedehead viii, in Compl. Richard Allen (1992) I. 150 With that kind of loot he could easily afford to splash out on decent food, more top notch gear, a snazzy flat and a couple of birds.

1978 T. Gifford Glendower Legacy (1979) 73 I'm just going to pig out at home.

1989 Rhythm Dec. 18/2 I just want to do something where I can rock out again.

1993 Screamer Nov. 6/2 When we're home we jam out to Slayer and Megadeth.

2000 ‘J. Churchill’ Mulch Ado about Nothing xxx. 191 I want to put on my jammies and veg out in front of my new television.

13. From one's normal, equable, or amicable state of mind, or ordinary course of action; into confusion, anger, or disturbance of feeling.to fall out: see to fall out 2a at fall v. Phrasal verbs 1. to put out: see to put out 9 at put v. Phrasal verbs 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > [adverb] > in state of nervous excitement

out1598

in a tweak1699

(all) in, all of a tremble1769

on or upon the tremble1800

on the tittup (also on tittups)1873

aflutter1886

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > unpreparedness > [adverb] > out of practice

out1598

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > [adverb] > out of practice

out1598

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 172 They do not marke me, and that bringes me out .

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 243 You bring me out .

1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh iii. 110 He would not disconcert or throw me out.

1891 Murray's Mag. Apr. 551 Seeing her there acting the part of a governess..threw him out.

1943 A. Rand Fountainhead i. iii. 36 I thought I could be businesslike on my first job, but starting in a place like this…I guess it knocked me out a little.

1970 A. J. P. Taylor Let. 2 Nov. in Lett. to Eva (1991) 19 I'd rather sit down over a good meal than go to the theatre, and I get thrown out if I don't have an evening meal at a fairly regular time.

II. Senses relating to position.Chiefly corresponding to senses in branch A. I., indicating the position resulting from the motion expressed in those senses.

* Expressing actual position.

14.

a. Expressing position or situation beyond the bounds of, or not within, a space, condition, etc.Said of an item that has been brought from a container, a weapon drawn from its holder, etc. Also expressing exclusion or separation from a company.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adverb]

odd1567

out1607

eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iv. iii. 264 Þonne wæs he ute wyrcende.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxvi. 69 Petrus soðlice sæt ute on þam cafertune.

OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. xvi. 64 Gif þonne hwylce preostas & Godes þeowas synd butan halgum hadum gesette, þa ðe hi fram wifum ahabban ne mæge, niman him wif & heora ondlyfene ut onfon.

lOE Laws: Gerefa (Corpus Cambr.) iii. 453 Ge inne ge ute.

?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1140 Þe king was in prisun..Þa þe king was ute.

a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 43 (MED) Ðe gastliche hierdes..sculen..stieren ðo ðe bieð in ðare woreld, and ec..ðe bieð ute.

c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 245 In þe curt & vte & elles al abute.

c1300 Body & Soul (Laud Misc. 108) (1889) 25 A body on a bere lay... Þe gost was oute and scholde away.

c1395 G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale 367 If any wight hadde spoke, whil he was oute, To hire of love.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxv. 190 (MED) Folwe thou me sethen þou Art Owte.

c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 1999 My wyt ys so thynne..That hit ys oute where hyt went ynne.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xciiij Where the Sea brake in ouer the walles, that are made to kepe it out.

1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. v. 33 When the age is in, the wit is out .

1607 T. Heywood Woman Kilde with Kindnesse sig. D5 No by my faith sir, when you are togither I sit out.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. iii. 42 If I see a sword out, my finger itches to make one.

1725 E. F. Haywood Injur'd Husband 247 Du Lache had all this while his sword out too,..to take part with which ever was like to be the conqueror.

a1770 J. Jortin Serm. (1771) II. iv. 72 Wee shut out so many enemies to our repose.

1843 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 54 7 My sword was already out.

1860 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem (1861) III. ci. 4 If these things are not said in parliament, they must be said out.

1907 Academy 9 Feb. 131/2 The hedge-wren..Is out in the open.

1982 G. Clarke Let. from Far Country 13 The shuttles were quick as birds in the warp of the oakwoods. In the fields the knives were out in a glint of husbandry.

1993 Coloradoan (Fort Collins) 21 Aug. a14/1 The checkbooks are out again for the mega-mergers that characterized the 1980s.

b. Not indoors; not in a particular building; absent from one's home or place of work.

(a) Generally. Also: (of a racehorse) exercising on the gallops (gallop n. 1c).to eat out: see to eat out 6 at eat v. Phrasal verbs. out in the cold: see cold n. Phrases 3. out to lunch: see lunch n.² 2b to sleep out: see sleep v. 1k.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > [adverb] > in the open air or outdoors

outc1175

outside1653

al fresco1717

outdoorsa1729

subaerially1848

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7364 Ne birrþ þe nohht forr erþliȝ loff..Vt i þe stræte oppnenn þin hord.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1603 He lay bi luzan ut on nigt, A ston under hise heued rigt.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 5337 (MED) Þe husbande of þat house was oute.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 8 (MED) I shall not negh it while thou art oute.

1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1891) vii. 56 They feede not their sheepe with haye in winter..but let them gett their livinge out them selfes.

1737 S.-Carolina Gaz. 8 Dec. 3/1 Most of which Books have been out for several Years, still expecting the Borrowers (who have now escaped my Memory) wou'd have been so kind as return them.

1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals i. ii Did you see Sir Lucius while you was out?

1814 J. Austen Let. 9 Mar. (1995) 261 We were out great part of the morning..shopping.

1922 Notes & Queries 11 206/2 A horse is said to be ‘out’ when it is known he is ‘on the job’.

1945 E. Bowen in New Writing & Daylight Sept. 25 Three elbows rested on the high studded bridge rail, above two heads of children, out late, clambering on the trellis.

1988 A. Lurie Truth about Lorin Jones xi. 194 It's really a pretty day out.

(b) Away from home in a public place for the purpose of recreation. See also day out n. at day n. Phrases 3d and night out at night n. 6d.

ΚΠ

1822 Edinb. Advertiser 26 Apr. 270/3 She..said she would call again in a fortnight, as it was her day out.

1848 Punch 4 Nov. 182/2 The Servant-Girl's Idea of Life:—one long day out with ‘the journeyman’.

1858 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (ed. 18) vi. 163 The housemaid was not at home, it being her turn for the Sunday ‘out’.

1916 B. Ruck Girls at his Billet x Wasn't it your evening out?

1974 Times 8 Apr. 14/7 A retired bricklayer..spoke to me in the owlishly conspiratorial tones of one who has been cheered by his evening out.

ΚΠ

1827 W. Taylor Poems (ed. 2) 91 In that whimp'ling burn when the school was out.

1843 H. B. Stowe Mayflower 172 But, when ‘school was out’, James's spirits foamed over as naturally as a tumbler of soda-water.

1948 ‘J. Tey’ Franchise Affair ix. 94 ‘Shouldn't leave your car. Take it with you... It's Saturday.’ ‘Saturday?’ ‘School's out.’ ‘Oh, I see. But there's nothing in it..that's movable.’

1974 ‘R. Tate’ Birds of Bloodied Feather vi. 127 ‘I trust I'm not disturbing you?’ ‘What's the time?’ ‘Four.’ ‘School's out’... ‘Come on in’.

1999 Times 15 July 2/1 School's out soon and they can't wait.

(d) No longer in prison or in police custody. Cf. inside adv. 1c.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [adverb] > no longer in prison

out1885

1885 ‘H. Conway’ Family Affair III. iii. 51 I suppose he's out now on ticket-of-leave.

1886 W. Besant Children of Gibeon III. ii. xxxii. 260 He had presumably received his ticket of leave, and he was out.

1934 D. L. Sayers Nine Tailors 279 Well, as you know, I wasn't out. I was inside again, owing to a regrettable misunderstanding.

1976 ‘B. Graeme’ Snatch v. 56 It was Reg Abbott who got two [years], wasn't it? Reg should be out by now.

1992 Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka) 6 Sept. (New Delhi ed.) (Life section) p. i/8 Criminals are confident that they will be out on bail.

(e) On strike.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > labour relations > [adverb] > on strike

out1890

1890 Spectator 29 Sept. Most of the miners are ‘out’, not for wages, but in defence of the grand principle that non-Union men shall not be employed.

1974 Times 27 Feb. 14/3 The miners are still out; world prices are still rising.

1977 ‘J. le Carré’ Honourable Schoolboy vi. 121 Pound's in the soup again... Electricians out. Railways out.

c. Away from one's place of residence; on an expedition; at war, on a field of battle; spec. participating in either of the Jacobite risings in Scotland in 1715 and 1745. See also out there adv. 2.

ΚΠ

c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Laud) (1901) 1434 (MED) Wile þat horn was oute, Fikenyld ferde aboute.

a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 29 (MED) Mech pepyl..had seyd euyl of hir whyl sche was owte & slawndryd hir in many thyngys þat sche schuld a do whyl sche was in þe contre.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 32 Hee hath beene out nine yeares, and away hee shall againe.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 184 There ran a Rumour Of many worthy Fellowes, that were out .

1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xiii. 364 I was a week out with him and saw but four Cows, which were so wild, that we did not get one.

1711 E. Budgell Spectator No. 116. ⁋4 Sir Roger is so keen at this Sport, that he has been out almost every Day since I came down.

1773 J. Boswell Jrnl. Tour Hebrides (1936) 70 Mr. Boyd was out in the year 1745–6.

1806 W. Scott Let. 17 Dec. (1932) I. 342 My great-grandfather was out, as the phrase goes..in 1715.

1887 Manch. Guard. 26 Feb. 7 People who had been ‘camping out’ were beginning to return to their homes.

1896 Notes & Queries 29 Feb. 161/1 [He] was an ardent supporter of Prince Charles Edward, but through illness was unable to be out in 1745.

1936 Trans. Banffshire Field Club 56 His son, also George, was ‘out’ in the Fifteen.

1992 F. McLynn Hearts of Darkness i. ii. 42 There was Jacobitism in the ancestry; his great-grandfather had been ‘out’ in the '45.

d. Sent out or circulated by an authority, esp. by the police, judiciary, or government.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > [adverb] > of command: issued

outc1410

society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [adverb] > issued

outc1410

c1410 (c1350) Gamelyn (Harl. 7334) 840 (MED) Þe quest is oute on me þat i schulde honge.

?1471 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 121 The wyche wrytt ys owte all redy.

1602 2nd Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus v. iii. 2105 Writts are out for me, to apprehend me.

1754 Ess. Manning Fleet 13 When the Warrants are out, the Men abscond.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xv. 588 Warrants had been out against him; and he had been taken into custody.

1953 K. Tennant Joyful Condemned ii. 17 If there's a warrant out for you..they'll lumber you sooner or later.

1987 R. Hall Kisses of Enemy (1990) ii. xxxvi. 286 There's a warrant out for coves caught writing on lavatory walls.

e. Not included or inserted, omitted. Chiefly in to leave out (see to leave out 1 at leave v.¹ Phrasal verbs).

ΚΠ

c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 203 (MED) They seyng and redynge hys papyr, commaundyd to leve owte and put a way many troughtys.

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. 99 We may nocht..leive out thame that committis symony.

1661 in L. B. Taylor Aberdeen Council Lett. (1954) IV. 185 The said Patrick wes..declarit a fugitive..quhich midcuple of their richt they have omitted out of thair summonds.

1771 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. (1876) iv. 362 A portrait-painter..leaves out all the minute breaks..in the face.

1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. xv. 295 I do not know the play, but as Maria says, if there is anything a little too warm..it can be easily left out .

1887 ‘L. Carroll’ Game of Logic i. §1. 6 We agree to leave out the word ‘Cakes’ altogether.

1909 W. James Pluralistic Universe v. 210 I will ask your permission to leave the soul wholly out of the present discussion.

1992 G. Vidal Live from Golgotha vii. 55 I find I have left out many important parts of the Message in favor of maybe too much colorful detail.

f. Not in one's possession, control or occupation; held or controlled by another. rare after 17th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > hiring or letting out > [adverb]

outa1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) v. ii. 29 Thu. Considers she my Possessions?.. Pro. They are out by Lease.

1692 J. Locke Some Considerations Lowering Interest 95 If..the laying of Taxes upon Commodities does, as it is evident, affect the Land that is out at Rack-rent, it is plain it does equally affect all the other Land in England too.

1903 N.E.D. (at cited word) Obliged to call in the money that he had lying out.

g. Of the water of a river: overflowing its banks, flooding the adjacent ground.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [adverb]

out1647

1647 A. Cowley Welcome in Mistress vi My Dove..I doubt Would ne're return, had not the Flood been out.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1684) 56 If the River had been out, and the Fields under Water.

1702 R. Thoresby Diary (1830) I. 397 The waters were yet out, that we rode through Askwith.

1779 Hist. Eur. in Ann. Reg. 182/2 The freshes were then out, which seemed to render the river in itself a sufficient rampart.

1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 i. 222 The waters of the Cherwell are soon out, and soon off.

1886 R. E. G. Cole Gloss. Words S.-W. Lincs. 104 They say the Trent is out.

1976 G. Moffat Short Time to Live xvii. 196 ‘It would have to be,’ she repeated aloud, driving down the lane, ‘and the floods out again’.

h. Originally U.S. to be out (with infinitive): to strive keenly to do something. to be out for: to have one's interests or energies directed towards; (also) to give unqualified support for. Cf. all out adv. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > intend [verb] > aim to do or be intent on doing

guess?c1320

to be out1887

to set out1888

the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (transitive)] > have as purpose or object

followeOE

studylOE

turna1200

pursuea1382

purposec1384

to shoot atc1407

ensue1483

proponea1500

studyc1503

prick1545

tread1551

suit1560

to go for ——1568

to set (up) one's rest1572

expect1578

propose1584

propound1596

aima1616

scope1668

to set up1691

aim1821

to go in for1835

to be out for1887

to be flat out for1930

target1966

shoot1967

1887 F. Francis Saddle & Mocassin vii. 124 The Apaches were out to beat hell..And they were ginning her up, and making things a bit lively, that's a fact!

1901 S. Merwin & H. K. Webster Calumet ‘K’ i. 13 They're mostly out for results up at the office. Let's see the bill for it.

1901 S. E. White Westerners xxix. 272 When they are out to have a good time,..they want somebody they can have their sort of fun with.

1905 Springfield Weekly Jrnl. 6 Oct. 12 George D. Eldredge is out strong for Mr. Nutting.

1907 M. Beerbohm in Sat. Rev. 13 Apr. 457/1 She is not ‘out for’ fun. She is an ardent suffragist.

1920 W. J. Locke House of Baltazar v. 56 These new women are out for the devirilisation of men.

1959 N. Mailer Advts. for Myself (1961) 42 They kept actin' like they was out to get him first.

1972 Daily Tel. 14 Oct. 8/2 If you are out for a real display in the ground, you might think of using the new multiflora tulips.

1992 New Yorker 6 July 74/3 Perot is also a skilled blame-shifter—someone is always out to get him.

15. At a distance from an accustomed place.

a. Away from one's home or usual location at a distant place; far away, abroad.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > [adverb] > home > at home > not

outOE

from homec1225

afield1483

OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. iii. 30 Orcadas þa ealond, þa wæron ut on garsecge butan Brotone.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8474 Galilew wass feorr þær fra Vt inn an oþerr ende.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 197 (MED) Oðer kinnes neddre is ut in oðer londe.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 20389 (MED) I was..Ferr vte in anoþer land.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 23 (MED) Oute in þe erth of Egipt enhabet vmquile Þe wysest wees of the werd.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1707 Ector was oute..In a countre..of þe coron helde.

1882 ‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. 42 They have taken him, and they will cage him out on Gorgona yonder.

1899 Daily News 1 Nov. 3/1 The authorities at Enfield say that they are well supplied with these guns out at the Cape.

1934 F. S. Fitzgerald Tender is Night i. xx. 118 We were talking about Featherstone the other day and I thought of you—he's out in California now.

1951 ‘N. Shute’ Round Bend xi. 361 People are saying that I've been out in the East too long, and I've gone round the bend.

b. At sea, away from the land or shore, or from the bank of a lake or river.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [adverb] > at sea

at seaa1400

outc1450

afloat?1473

at the seas1585

by sea1625

offshore1745

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 75 (MED) Þan was a wardan ware oute in þe wale stremys Of all þe naue.

1595 in A. Peterkin Rentals Earldom & Bishoprick of Orkney (1820) ii. 105 Out-upoun-the-yle, 4 d. tewe, uthall.

1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 530 Ships whilst out are lyable to a thousand ominous contingencies.

c1771 M. Suckling Let. in R. Southey Life Nelson (1813) I. i. 5 What..has poor Horatio done,..that he..should be sent to rough it out at sea?

1843 Fraser's Mag. 28 713 The wind turned perversely a-head the third day out.

1888 Manch. Examiner 2 July 5/3 A large number of fishermen were out at sea on the day of election.

1922 V. Woolf Jacob's Room i. 16 There was a hurricane out at sea.

1991 Details Dec. 92/3 At the bottom of the pile are processors,..the invisible hands who man the floating factories out in the Bering.

c. Of the tide: receding from the shore; having receded from the shore, at its lowest ebb.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > [adverb] > at low ebb

out1673

1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 149 Certain Flats..covered all over with water at full Sea, but about the City when the Tide is out in many places bare.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 65 However, when the Tide was out, I got most of the Pieces of Cable ashore.

1883 L. Troubridge Life amongst Troubridges (1966) 165 Meaning to bathe..but the tide miles out.

1915 Bulletin (Sydney) 16 Sept. 24/2 Pippies are collected when the tide is out.

1932 D. L. Sayers Have his Carcase i. 9 The tide was nearly out now, and the wet beach shimmered..in the lazy noonlight.

1958 L. G. Green S. Afr. Beachcomber 109 The first beachcombers were..baiting their fish-kraals wherever the rocks allowed them to trap the shoals as the tides went out.

1984 T. Soper National Trust Guide to Coast 116 (caption) Shore-birds like the turnstone..will forage over the mud when the tide is out.

d. Horse Racing. Short of the finishing-post.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > [adverb] > short of the finishing post

out1949

1949 Times 18 June 6/1 Two furlongs out there was some crowding and bumping, but Richards got through on The Cobbler and dashed to the front in the last furlong.

1960 Times 15 June 17/2 Solo Singer fell five furlongs out, bringing down Combwell Beeches when near the front.

1986 Sporting Life Weekender 17 Apr. 30/3 Peaty Sandy hit the front five from home, was clear two out, and won by a comfortable two lengths.

16. On the outside; externally. Opposed to in (see in adv. 9) or inside (see inside adv.).Recorded earliest in out and in: see Phrases 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb] > on the outside

outwardOE

withoutc1000

outwithc1225

withoutforthc1380

outc1390

utouth1398

outwardsc1429

outwardlyc1432

withoutside1578

exogenously1879

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb] > outside

buteOE

outeneOE

withoutc1000

outwarda1382

withoutforthc1384

outc1390

out of door1579

outside1653

withoutsidec1660

out-over1818

outboard1935

c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 17 Þou rewe of me [boþe] out and Inne.

1568 Wyf of Auchtirmwchty 23 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 321 Sa ȝe will rowll..all the houss baith in and owt.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) v. v. 55 Search Windsor Castle (Elues) within, and out .

1803 Ld. Nelson 4 June in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) V. 79 This Island is bold, too, inside or out.

c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 24 Reeve it..from out in.

1882 Notes & Queries 25 Mar. 229/2 Probably most Londoners have often heard 'bus conductors cry ‘Domino’ when an omnibus is ‘full in and out’.

1925 W. Cather Professor's House ii. iv. 208 They [sc. houses] were made of dressed stones, plastered inside and out.

1967 Word Study Mar. 2/1 Many English teachers..readily issue pronouncements, both in the classroom and out.

1991 Daily Tel. 5 Jan. (Colour Suppl.) 58 (advt.) The ‘Renaissance’ handbag features zippered compartments inside and out.

17.

a. Removed from its proper or habitual place or position; displaced, dislocated; extracted.out of joint: see joint n.¹ 2.

ΚΠ

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 19 (MED) Þe secunde entencioun is..in bringyng to her placis ioyntis þat ben oute.

c1400 ( in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) I. 363 The bothom is ny ouȝt.

a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) 1035 Thow the fyndes ey were owte.

1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. vi. f. 179^v/1 Yf the dislocation be lytle, so that the bone be not out all togyther, it is called dislocation not complete.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iii. 73 I feare (sir) my shoulder-blade is out .

1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 245. ⁋2 Her Mouth wide,..Two Teeth out before.

1823 Lancet 5 Oct. 6/1 I was called in to attend a case of dislocation at the shoulder joint... Another Surgeon was requested to see him, who at once pronounced the bone to be out.

1989 Mother & Baby Nov. 46/3 But as he carried on you could see quite clearly that the baby's spine was out, and it had pulled the baby's brain backward.

b. Not in office; removed from a post; out of work, unemployed.time out: see timeout n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adverb]

out of work1482

out1608

on the buroo1969

society > authority > office > [adverb] > out of office

out1608

society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > [adverb]

out1608

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xxiv. 15 Talke of Court newes..whose in, whose out .

1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) i. 200 ‘What lords are those saluting with a grin?’ One is just out, and one as lately in.

1835 Court Mag. 6 235/1 The gentlemen out curse the gentlemen in, And vehemently swear their promotion's a sin.

1878 T. Wood in J. Burnett Useful Toil (1974) iii. 309 I..was regarded as an enthusiast in some places for seeking work when so many were out who were known to the masters.

1885 G. Meredith Diana of Crossways II. i. 6 His party was out, and he hoped for higher station on its return to power.

1935 N. Mitchison We have been Warned i. 74 He's a riveter. He came..when there was work going at the docks... Now he's out.

1968 J. Bingham I Love, I Kill viii. 95 When I told him I was ‘out’, he bought me a pint instead. And he gave me two tickets for the show he was in.

1973 Listener 29 Nov. 736/1 A British prime minister discovered as having been implicated in the same kind of depths as Nixon would be out.

c. Sport and Games. No longer participating actively in a game or part of a game; (Cricket and Baseball) having been dismissed as a batter, hitter, or runner. In Poker and similar gambling games: having retired from a hand by declining to bet or to call a previous bet. Cf. in adv. 11d and not out adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > [adverb] > no longer in game or leading position

out1609

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [adverb] > in or out

out1609

ina1672

not out1777

all out1833

1609 R. Armin Hist. Two Maids More-clacke sig. D2^v Tutch. What doe you call it when the ball sir hits the stoole? Filbon. Why out. Tutch. Euen so am I, out, out of all hope.

1744 ‘J. Love’ Cricket iii. Argt. 17 Five on the Side of the Counties are out for three Notches.

1752 Game at Cricket in New Universal Mag. Nov. 581/2 If a ball is nipp'd up, and he strikes her again wilfully before she come to the wicket, it's out.

1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod ii. iii. §20 [Trap-ball] If the scores demanded exceed in number the lengths of the cudgel from the trap to the ball, he loses the whole, and is out.

1829 Boy's Own Bk. (ed. 4) 20 If he misses three times, or if the ball, when struck, fall behind a, he is out, and another takes his place.

1849 Laws of Cricket in ‘Bat’ Cricketer's Man. (1850) 55 The Striker is Out if either of the bails be bowled off, or if a stump be bowled out of the ground.

1928 Daily Tel. 12 June 19/2 Constantine..was out to a semi-yorker, which also ‘googled’.

1951 Amer. Speech 100/1 Out, to be, to decline calling the bet. The player who is out must turn his hand face down or throw it in the discards.

1976 Times 23 July 9/4 After adding 43 with Murray, Rowe was out to a tumbling catch at first slip.

1991 N.Y. Times 11 Sept. b15/1 Jefferies scratched an infield hit to short with one out in the third.

d. Excluded from or no longer involved or included in a particular enterprise, undertaking, action, etc. Cf. to be out of it at out of prep. 15.count out; to want out, etc.: see the verb.

ΚΠ

1825 Universal Songster I. 255/2 ‘Och! don't be coming here..with your blarney about sending yourself what's not wanted at all,’ says I; ‘so you're out, I'm telling you!’

1854 Knickerbocker June 643 When it comes to hunting grizzlies on a pony, jist ‘count me out’.

1959 E. Ambler Passage of Arms viii. 219 They can keep everything... We just want out.

1971 A. C. Thomas Munchmeyer & Prospero on Island i. 23 ‘You need help.’.. ‘Out. That's what I need. Out.’

2001 K. Sampson Outlaws (2002) 63 I, Ratticus, need to get my personal account back into the healthy eights then I'm out.

e. Unconscious; (Boxing) defeated through failing to rise within the ten seconds allowed after being knocked down; knocked out. out on one's feet: dazed, exhausted, or barely conscious, although still standing or active. out to it (Australian colloquial): dead drunk; (also) fast asleep.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > unconsciousness > [adverb]

out1894

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > dullness of sense perception > [adjective] > stunned

astonedc1300

astoundc1315

astoniedc1386

astoundedc1540

stonied1682

stunned1764

silly1829

out on one's feet1894

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [adverb] > defeated

out1894

out for the count1930

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [adverb] > deeply or soundly

fastOE

sadlya1375

to sleep sounda1400

soundlyc1400

stronglya1500

deeply1632

tight1898

out to it1941

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adjective] > drunk > insensibly drunk

dead drunk1599

to drink (a person) dead drunk1609

paralytic1843

sodden1850

paralysed1870

speechless1881

drunk and incapable1883

dead-oh1889

rumdum1891

passed-out1927

out to it1941

trashed1966

wiped1966

1894 Daily News 20 Dec. 3/7 The referee stopped the fight at the close of the first round..Smith being heavily punished and all but out.

1898 B. J. Angle in W. A. Morgan ‘House’ on Sport I. 45 A competitor stopped by a blow on the mark is as much ‘out’ as though rendered helpless by a hit on the point.

1901 R. Fitzsimmons Physical Culture 159 Time was up. The champion was out.

1918 J. M. Grider War Birds (1927) 150 She responded..by hitting him playfully over the head with an empty port bottle... It was a terrific crack and he was out for some time.

1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 52 Out to it, dead drunk.

1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) xi. 171 He was properly out to it that night. We made speeches about how sorry we was to see him go.

1955 E. Hillary High Adventure 175 For God's sake, Charles, keep an eye on John! He's out on his feet but doesn't realise it!

1973 ‘H. Howard’ Highway to Murder vii. 85 He was still out cold but he began coming round just before the ambulance got there.

1992 Voice 22 Dec. 19/5 This was the first year that I experienced the traditional sherry. Then boof! Next 'ting me know, I was out for the count.

18.

a. Projecting, protruding.

ΚΠ

c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 26 Þe nose stondiþ so out wiþoute þe face.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. ii. 169 His eye-balles further out, than when he liued, Staring full gastly, like a strangled man.

1622 Dum Wyfe (Reidpeth) 113 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1927) II. 67 Thocht nighbouris aboutt wis hir toung outt It dois thame not availl.

1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 126 We see the..Fore-legs half out, and the other just beginning to protuberate through the skin.

1865 S. Baring-Gould Bk. Were-wolves 3 Its tongue out, and its eyes glaring like marsh-fires.

1906 Westm. Gaz. 29 Dec. 16/1 The downtrodden slippers tied on with string, toes out, and hardly any sole.

1981 N. Farah Sardines iv. 65 The Emperor's plane..came into view, its tyres out ready to land.

b. Having parts of the body protruding through holes (in clothes). Chiefly in out at (the) elbow(s) (also heel(s), knee(s), toe(s)). Also in extended use. See also heel n.¹ and int. Phrases 1b(a), out at elbows adv. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adverb] > projecting or protruding through clothing

out1553

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adverb] > projecting or protruding

out1553

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique iii. f. 86 Some riche snudges..go with their hose out at heeles.

1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Epistle (1843) 32 Out at the heeles with all other vserers.

?1589 T. Nashe Almond for Parrat sig. 9 Your banquerout inuention, cleane out at the elbowes.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. i. 58 He cannot [speak] Sir: he's out at Elbow .

1693 C. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires vii. 130 Hither coming, out at Heels and Knees.

1732 W. Darrell Gentleman Instructed (ed. 10) 212 Sneak into a corner..down at heels and out at elbows.

1763 Brit. Mag. 4 38 A great club who sit till break of day to heel-tap the nation; which, they say, is also run out at the toes.

1862 Frank Leslie's Illustr. Newspaper 1 Nov. 94/3 His only clothing was a shirt torn in shreds, and a pair of trousers out at the knee and seat!

1896 Pall Mall Mag. Sept. 41 A seedy, out-at-toe shoe.

1898 Argosy Oct. 481 Ten years more of this life is as likely as not to make an out at elbows adventuress of her.

1956 H. MacLennan Confessions of Wood-Chopping Man in G. Lynch & D. Rampton Canad. Ess. (1991) 71 My jeans are stiff with ancient sweat and my jersey is out at the elbows.

c. Of a flag, banner, etc.: unfurled, displayed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > [adverb] > spread out > unfurled

out1720

1602 T. Dekker Satiro-mastix sig. H^v What, dost summon a parlie, my little Drum-sticke? tis too late; thou seest my red flag is hung out.

1660 J. Dryden Astræa Redux 12 The wavering Streamers, Flags, and Standart out.

1720 London Gaz. No. 5849/1 Admiral Byng sent a..Vessel with British Colours out.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. Ee Out,..the situation of the sails when they are set, or extended,..as opposed to in; which is..furled.

1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xlii. 215 This white-lead chapter about whiteness is but a white flag hung out from a craven soul.

1968 J. Updike Couples ii. 146 You're sore as hell about some silly thing, maybe Harold's snubbing you, maybe you have the red flag out.

** In figurative uses expressing a state arrived at or result achieved.

19.

a. No longer burning or alight; extinguished.out like a light: see light n.¹ Phrases 7d.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [adverb] > extinguished

outc1330

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > [adverb]

out1658

c1330 in T. Wright Polit. Songs Eng. (1839) 329 (MED) Hii clateren cumpelin whan the candel is oute [rhyme doute].

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 375 Owt, or qwenchyd, as candylle, or lyghte, extinctus.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 246 Quhen licht wes owt and durris wes bard.

a1628 J. Carmichaell Coll. Prov. in Scots (1957) No. 106 A fyre that is all out is euill to kendle.

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall Ep. Ded. sig. A2 When the Funerall pyre was out, and the last valediction over.

1714 Spectator No. 616. ⁋4 Our friend the alderman was half seas over before the bonefire was out.

1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. xii. 176 The fire was out, but his feet were still among the ashes.

1894 J. H. Wylie Hist. Eng. Henry IV II. liii. 247 Rushing up in alarm, the attendants found the light out in the King's mortar.

1939 G. Greene Confidential Agent i. ii. 88 The light was out, but somebody was there: he could hear the breathing, not far from the aspidistra.

1966 B. Malamud Fixer (1969) vi. i. 165 The soft glow of the cigarette diminished until it was out.

1992 R. MacNeil Burden of Desire ii. 88 He went into the cellar and found the furnace almost out.

b. No longer in vogue or in fashion. Also occasionally: (of fruit, game, etc.) not in season (rare). Opposed to in (see in adv. 15).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > [adverb] > of game, fruit, fashions, etc.

out of season?a1513

out1660

the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [adverb] > in an old-fashioned manner

anciently1588

out1660

old-fashionably1764

old-fashionedly1808

frumpishly1927

frumpily1934

neolithically1934

1660 S. Pepys Diary 7 Oct. (1970) I. 260 To change my long black Cloake for a short one (long cloaks being now quite out).

1745 Norton Reg. in Sir C. Sharp Chron. Mirab. (1841) 62 Marriage comes in on the 13th of January, and at Septuagesimo Sunday it is out again till Low Sunday.

1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer iii. 52 Besides, child, jewels are quite out at present.

1898 St. James's Gaz. 12 Jan. 12/2 White gloves, we are pleased to learn, are ‘out’.

1903 N.E.D. (at cited word) Out,..not in season, as game, fish, or fruit.

1936 M. Mitchell Gone with the Wind xii. 227 He had seen no pantalets on the streets, so he imagined they were ‘out’.

1959 Encounter Dec. 16/1 It is becoming steadily easier for newspaper or television programmes to dictate what is out, what is in.

1972 Daily Tel. 15 Mar. 14 Creativity is ‘in’, while spelling, punctuation and well-formed handwriting..are ‘out’.

1991 Food & Wine Apr. 33/2 The sauce is a salsa mayonnaise. Of course, this is rather dicey, as salsa might go ‘out’ at any moment, regardless of the fact that it is delicious.

c. Unacceptable or prohibited; impossible, unfeasible, or unsuitable.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > [adverb] > excluded

out1936

the world > relative properties > relationship > relevance or pertinence > [adverb] > irrelevantly

impertinentlyc1449

unhanginglyc1449

unpertinentlyc1449

vagrantly1547

unconsequently1565

inappositelya1652

unappositely1680

inconsequentially1754

irrelevantly1818

inconsequently1864

out1989

1936 W. Stevens Let. 27 Jan. (1967) 307 Any form of hell raising is simply out.

1940 ‘M. Innes’ There came both Mist & Snow ii. 26 The revolver-shooting fad to which I had been so unexpectedly introduced appeared to me childish in itself and oddly ‘out’ in the sort of house-party characteristic of Belrive.

1945 Tee Emm (Air Ministry) 5 33 Unauthorised low-flying should be out, repeat out.

1956 I. Bromige Enchanted Garden ii. ii. 91 Fiona left her velvet coat and tulle dress in the back of the car... Glamour was out that evening.

1973 ‘H. Howard’ Highway to Murder i. 16 ‘Tell your boss to have a quiet word with the law.’.. ‘No, that's out.’

1989 B. Head Tales Tenderness & Power (1990) 30 Many converted people severely restrict themselves to reading the Bible. Darwin is out, because he contradicts the story of Adam and Eve.

1991 Time Out 20 Nov. 57/2 Early evening events are, regrettably, out, which is partly a reaction to the fact that many clubbers don't even go out until well after midnight.

d. Originally U.S. Out of order, broken down; no longer functioning, inoperative. Cf. down adv. 24b(a).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > [adverb] > of equipment: out of order

out1975

1975 J. Hansen Trouble Maker i. 5 Help's a long way off. Nowhere, if the telephone's out.

1976 Publishers Weekly 2 Aug. 108/2 His entire electrical system is out. With no radio and only a limited amount of fuel, it looks like an icy death very soon.

1980 D. Terman Free Flight (1981) Introd. 23 All the microwave and satellite links are out.

1996 A. Michaels Fugitive Pieces i. 59 Roads were blocked, bridges out, villages in ruins.

20. Revealed, made known, no longer a secret. Cf. sense A. 4c.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > [adverb] > disclosed or revealed

outc1395

c1395 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 977 Myn housbonde hath longe asses erys two..now is it oute; I myghte no lenger kepe it.

1706 G. Farquhar Recruiting Officer iii. i. 32 Now the Murder's out.

1768 O. Goldsmith Good Natur'd Man v. 65 Yes, yes, all's out; I now see the whole affair.

1841 W. Ainsworth Old St. Paul's i Now his wicked intentions are out.

1897 ‘A. Hope’ Phroso (1905) vii. 126 The secret was out through Constantine's fault, not hers, and the seal was removed from her lips.

1936 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood Ascent of F6 ii. v. 116 At last the secret is out.

1984 D. Leavitt Family Dancing 75 Now that everything's out, I can see that more deception was just a bad idea to begin with.

21.

a. Expired, elapsed; finished, exhausted; at an end. Now chiefly of a period of time.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [adverb] > over, finished, or expired

over?c1225

outa1400

upc1400

all up1825

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 4695 (MED) Þe seuen yeirs war vte.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ruth ii. 23 She gathered vntill the barley haruest and the wheat haruest was out.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 269 Quhen the coronatioune was out.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. ii. 1 When the But is out we will drinke water.

1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 264 Lent was almost out .

1743 London Evening-post 23 Aug. Twenty-three Notches to fetch to win when the Time was out.

1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. x. 242 Being told by your servant..that the coals are almost out.

1850 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 18 184/2 The thirty miles were out at last.

1885 G. Allen Babylon I. v. 79 Before the week was out, he had been duly installed.

1995 E. Toman Dancing in Limbo vii. 175 The rumour had gone the rounds that there would be great signs and portents before the year was out.

b. Having reached an end of one's supply; out of stock.

ΚΠ

1885 List of Subscribers Exchange Syst. (United Telephone Co.) (ed. 6) p. xv The hotel cellarman came up... ‘Sir,’ said he, ‘we have had a run upon minerals, and are nearly out.’

1935 J. Steinbeck Tortilla Flat iii. 36 Run down and get four bottles of ginger-ale. The hotel is out.

1942 ‘A. Bridge’ Frontier Passage xi. 194 You haven't got a gasper, have you? We're out.

1972 J. McClure Caterpillar Cop iii. 30 Got a smoke? I'm out.

c. In radio communication: finished, completed. Used to indicate the end of a message, when the speaker has finished speaking and expects no reply.over and out: see over adv. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > interjections in radio communication [interjection]

over1926

out1950

ten-four1962

1950 ‘D. Divine’ King of Fassarai xi. 73 He called the signaller. ‘Take this down... “No signs occupation. Out.”’

1955 E. Waugh Officers & Gentlemen i. ix. 108 He took the instrument. ‘Headquarters to D Troop. Where are you? Over... You can't be... Damn. Out.’

1966 D. Holbrook Flesh Wounds 218 ‘Hallo Roger Baker, Hallo Roger Baker. Able Zebra asks for hornet support. Roger Baker over.’ ‘Roger Baker O.K. Out.’

1976 L. Dills CB Slanguage Dict. (rev. ed.) 51 Out, through transmitting.

22.

a. In the world at large, in existence; in the whole world. Frequently as complement to a noun phrase with a superlative modifier.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > [adverb]

thereouta1300

outc1400

in being1483

existingly1601

existently1641

out therec1794

round1852

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xii. 145 Þe hexte lettred oute.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xii. 267 (MED) Thus he lykneth in his logyk þe leste foule oute.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 598 Þis barne..Miȝt wele a prefe for his a-port to any prince oute.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxxii. 250 [To] lede and vse the moost werst and synfullist lyf oute.

a1500 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Trin. Dublin) 2574 (MED) I ne am noght gylty of þis, by all þe godes owte!

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 2175 To wreke vs of wrathe for any wegh oute.

1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone vi. 47 Constance Brandon and Flora Bellasys—quite the two best things out.

1861 H. Mayhew London Labour (new ed.) III. 106/2 I think I'm the cleverest juggler out.

1872 B. Jerrold London xv. 127 The ginger-beer merchant..gesticulating and pattering one sultry morning... ‘The Best Drink Out!’ was his perpetual cry.

1973 Times 15 Oct. 22/8 A Triumph is still the best bike out, as a Norton represents a compromise between design criteria and production costs.

1995 Represent Apr. 8/2 To me, even though they say he's a household name, to me he's the best underground producer out.

b. In public circulation; spec. (of a book, record, etc.) in publication, released, made available for sale.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > publishing > [adverb]

out1535

in public1642

1535 J. Husee Let. 4 Jan. in Lisle Papers (P.R.O.: SP 3/4/92) f. 115 I do herein sende the abridgement of the statutes, for the statutes ar not yet owit as sone as they may be had I will not faylle to send your Lordship the book.

1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes Intermean iii. 38 in Wks. II We Gossips are bound to beleeue it, an't be once out, and a foot.

1759 S. Johnson Let. 23 Mar. in J. Boswell Life Johnson (1831) I. 340 I am going to publish a little story book, which I will send you when it is out.

1836 J. Affleck Poet. Wks. 86 Gathering a' the news that's out.

1863 J. S. Brewer Eng. Stud. 355 On March 7, 1576, he writes to say that the New Testament is out.

1921 R. Macaulay Dangerous Ages ii. 22 It's not out yet; I've only seen Gilbert's review copy.

2000 M. Perry Sniffin' Glue 81/1 The Pistols were playing the 100 Club on the Friday and the next day The Clash had their first album out.

c. Of a young woman: formally introduced into society (in recent use, as a debutante); (also) in employment, esp. as a domestic servant. Cf. to come out 8c at come v. Phrasal verbs 1. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > [adverb] > introduced into society

out1791

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [adverb]

out1791

1791 J. Woodforde Diary 24 Jan. (1927) III. 244 I had 2 Girls come to offer themselves this Morn'... N.B. neither would do having never been out.

c1791 J. Austen Vol. Second in Minor Wks. (1972) 151 This mighty affair is now happily over, and my Girls are out.

1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. v. 98 Pray, is she out, or is she not?—I am puzzled... She dined at the parsonage, with the rest of you, which seemed like being out; and yet she says so little, that I can hardly suppose she is .

1831 Society 1 228 I can tell her, that if my Jemima were out, her chance would be but slender.

1850 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 116 No servant but a little girl who had ‘never been out before’.

a1865 E. C. Gaskell Wives & Daughters (1866) I. xxi. 238 They are not out, you know, till after the Easter ball.

1977 ‘C. Fremlin’ Spider-orchid vii. 51 She's not ‘out’ yet, she's only in the schoolroom still.

d. colloquial. Openly acknowledging one's homosexuality (or bisexuality); ‘out of the closet’ (see closet n. and adj. Phrases 2b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual orientation > [adverb] > openly acknowledging one's sexual orientation

out of the closet1965

out1974

1974 Lavender Woman (Chicago) July 15/2 Mostly out now, I often feel pegged, defined by sexual preference alone.

1983 T. Heald Networks viii. 156 A Gay News poll in 1981 found that only forty-three per cent of homosexuals were ‘out’ at work.

1987 Venue 27 Mar. 15/3 Homosexuals find it easier to be ‘out’ than bisexuals.

†23. At variance, no longer friendly. Cf. to fall out 2 at fall v. Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > state of variance or disunion > [adverb]

out1565

society > society and the community > dissent > [adverb] > at variance

out1565

ajar1622

offside1944

1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Alienus Pro alienato, alienated: out with vs.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. v. 30 Launcelet and I are out .

1664 S. Pepys Diary 17 Aug. (1971) V. 244 Mr. Edward Mountagu is..now quite out with his father again.

1858 W. Arnot Laws from Heaven i. 21 He is out with his former friend and in with his former adversary.

1899 Harvard Advocate 5 Oct. 12/1 The cox'n and the captain were out. It was n't very much they had to quarrel about.

24.

a. Of a leaf, blossom, or fruit: having emerged (from a bud); having ripened. Of a plant: in leaf, blossom, or flower.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > [adverb] > in leaf or in flower

out1573

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 31^v Leaue waddling about, till arbor be out.

a1626 F. Bacon in Wks. (1861) II. 536 Leaves are out and perfect in a month.

1789 J. Woodforde Diary 26 Mar. (1927) III. 92 The Apricots..are not full out, otherwise the Frost would cut them.

1813 T. B. Macaulay in Life & Lett. (1880) I. i. 42 The trees are all out.

1896 ‘I. Maclaren’ Pleasaunce in Kate Carnegie 83 In the spring-time when the primroses are out.

1922 E. von Arnim Enchanted April (1989) 269 Everything seemed to be out together,—all the things crowded into one month which in England are spread penuriously over six.

1993 Holiday Which? Jan. 10 (caption) June, when the poppies are out, is one of the best times to visit Umbria.

b. gen. Visible, apparent, manifest (having emerged from a concealed or latent state); spec. (of the sun, moon, etc.) visible in the sky, not obscured by clouds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adverb] > into sight

upc888

forthc900

outa1625

a1625 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Two Noble Kinsmen (1634) iii. iv. 1 I am very cold, and all the Stars are out too.

1703 London Gaz. No. 3923/4 The old upper Light-House will be blacked over when the Light is out in the new Light-House.

1784 E. Lyon Let. 10 Aug. in A. Morrison Catal. Autograph Lett.: Hamilton & Nelson Papers (1893) I. 90 I had a rash out all over me and a fevour, and I should have been worse; if I had not had the rash out.

1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxxi. 396 The sun was out bright; the ice was all left behind, and things had quite a cheering appearance.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 199 The full amount of eruption is out usually within twenty-four hours of the appearance of the first spot.

1988 P. Wayburn Adventuring in Alaska (rev. ed.) iv. 309 When the mountain is ‘out’, the view from Camp Denali is superb.

25.

†a. In error or at a loss from failure of memory or confidence; nonplussed, puzzled. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > [adverb]

confusedly1502

amazedly1561

out1585

perplexedly1587

distractedly1608

muddily1648

confoundedly1672

turbidly1728

puzzledly1870

unclearly1875

muddledly1914

distraughtly1926

wuzzily1964

1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 501 He that telleth the players their part when they are out and have forgotten.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. iii. 41 I haue forgot my part, And I am out .

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. iii. vi. 134 Apollonius Rhodius..banished himselfe..because he was out in reciting his Poems.

1661 S. Pepys Diary 2 July (1970) II. 131 [He] was so much out that he was hissed off the stage.

1718 A. Pope Let. (1956) I. 505 The whole is so disjointed, & the parts so detachd from each other,..that..you'd imagine it had been a Village in Amphions time, where twenty Cottages had taken a dance together, were all Out, and stood still in amazement ever since.

1803 Lit. Mag. Dec. 223/1 We found our thunder of most material service, for whenever any of us were out in our parts,..we had but to wink to the prompter, and a peal of thunder came happily to our assistance.

b. Music. Playing incorrectly; out of tune or not in time.Cf. out of time adv. 2, out of tune at tune n. 3b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > [adverb] > out of tune

in or out of tunec1450

false1598

out1598

off-key1899

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. i. 132 Wide a the bow hand, yfaith your hand is out .

1671 Westm.-drollery ii. 81 Y'are out, says Dick, 'Tis a lye, says Nick, The Fidler playd it false.

1837 F. Marryat Snarleyyow (ed. 2) I. ix. 94 Jemmy..tuned one string..which was a little out.

1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxxix. 378 Laura's is a contralto: and that voice is very often out.

1989 C. S. Murray Crosstown Traffic viii. 193 Hendrix begins—in jazz parlance—to play ‘out’: of rhythm, out of tonality, out of notes.

c. Inaccurate (esp. in a calculation or a prediction); in the wrong, in error, mistaken.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > inaccuracy, inexactness > [adverb]

at rebours?a1400

unjustlyc1425

wrongly1633

outa1641

inaccurately1669

unaccurately1674

uncorrectly1706

unprecisely1806

inexactly1849

à rebours1895

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lack of truth, falsity > [adverb] > in a wrong way, amiss

on missc1225

overthwarta1382

a-crookc1500

awrya1513

wide?1529

astray1535

across1559

bias1600

outa1641

beside the bridge1652

on the wrong side of the post1728

abroad1806

off1843

way off1882

off beam1941

up the boohai?1946

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > inaccuracy, inexactness > [adverb] > in calculation

unmathematically1644

out1809

adrift1976

a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 328 Concerning Titius, that learned man is out.

1683 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 49 Sir Thomas Gower..spake an English speech, but miserably out in his delivery of it.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 265. ¶510 He..has been very seldom out in these his Guesses.

1778 F. Burney Evelina III. xxi. 241 There, Lovel, you are out.

1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. iii. vii. 404 I was a little out in my calculation.

1850 J. H. Newman in W. Ward Life Cardinal Wiseman (1896) I. 534 I heard a dear friend of his say that the news of the opposition would kill him. How he has been out!

1887 H. R. Haggard She (1888) 43 If the captain is not out in his reckoning.

1953 A. Hosain Phoenix Fled 177 I could count thousands and thousands of rupees and not be half a one out.

1973 B. Magee Popper iii. 42 For most purposes a clearcut statement which is slightly out is more serviceable than one which is true but vague.

1984 B. Breytenbach Mouroir 28 I become aware that my eye was out, or alternatively that the sight of the pistol was not adjusted to my eye.

d. Defective, askew, badly formed or framed.

ΚΠ

a1887 H. Mayhew in Cent. Dict. (1890) XV. 4179/3 The convex has to be done so correctly that, if the lens is the 100th part of an inch out, its value is destroyed.

1930 W. Faulkner As I lay Dying 187 His teeth look out. ‘Hurt?’ Dave says.

1937 ‘M. Innes’ Hamlet, Revenge! i. ii. 48 The whole Hamlet plan was a little out—a whim imposed.

1978 SLR Camera Sept. 56/3 Make sure the subject also tucks their chin into their shoulder. Otherwise the composition is all out.

26. In debt (by a particular amount); without a sum of money to which one is entitled; having spent or invested (an amount of money), esp. with little prospect of return.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > financial loss > [adverb] > out of pocket

outa1640

a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) ii. i. 116 I am out now Six hundred in the Cash.

1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. 84 But the thing he stuck at most, was the moneys he was out.

1889 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 7 Feb. 1/2 Alleges..he is $5000 out, owing to the dishonesty of..an employe.

1906 U. Sinclair Jungle xxvi. 315 The game continued until late Sunday afternoon, and by that time he was ‘out’ over twenty dollars.

1928 P. G. Wodehouse in Strand Mag. June 535 Looking at the thing in one way, taking the short, narrow view, I am out a lunch. Possibly a very good lunch.

1977 Rolling Stone 19 May 40/5 That left the U.S. companies..looking at enormous losses. Westinghouse and General Electric are out more than $500 million apiece.

B. int.

1. An exclamation expressing grief, abhorrence, or indignant reproach: alas!, woe is me!; get out!, curses upon you!. Also reduplicated. Formerly often used in collocation with alack, alas, or harrow. See also A. 4. Now Scottish. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records the combined forms out-away (cf. quot. 1924), out-fie, and the reduplicated out-out as still in use in Aberdeenshire in 1964.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > exclamation of indignation [interjection]

outa1225

strike me pink!1969

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > cry of grief > [interjection] > specific cry of grief

woeeOE

wellawayeOE

weilac1000

wellawayOE

wellaOE

woe is meOE

wummec1175

wia1200

outa1225

alas?c1225

walec1275

ac1300

whilec1402

ochonea1425

wellesay?1440

wannowec1450

helas1484

ah1509

ocha1522

ah me!a1547

wougha1556

eh1569

welladay1570

how1575

wellanear1581

ay me!1591

lasa1593

wella, welladay1601

good lack!1638

oime1660

pillaloo1663

wellanearing1683

lack-a-day1695

wasteheart1695

walya1724

lackadaisy1748

ochree1748

waesucks1773

well-a-winsa1774

ullagone1819

wirra1825

mavrone1827

wirrasthru1827

ototoi1877

wurra1898

a1225 (c1174) Wace Roman de Rou (Royal) (1971) 8058 Normant escrient ‘Deus aïe!’ la gent englesche, ‘Ut!’ [v.rr. Out; Out, out; Out on] escrie.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 637 Vp stirte hir Alison and Nicholay And cryden out and harrow in the Strete.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 375 Owte, owt, At, at, interjectio.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiv. 170 Out, alas, I am forlorne For euermare!

1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. vii. f. 55 Alas, & out alas I crie, that I shall see no more.

1575 R. B. Appius & Virginius in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) IV. 128 But out, I am wounded.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. vii. 54 Out, out, (Lucetta) that wilbe illfauourd.

1660 J. Playford Brief Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 3) i. 44 Venus cryeth for her Son, out alas she is undone.

1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess iii. 106 Out, out, quo he, an ye be baith content, To gang together, ye's hae my consent.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. v. 136 I see the men..that are come ower late to part ye—but, out and alack! ower soon to drag ye to prison.

1833 J. S. Sands Poems 20 But out, alas! now done's our kipes.

1924 Swatches o' Hamespun 4th Ser. 62 A' the pigs upo' the dresser, caups an' flagons—oot awa!

2. out on (also upon): curses upon, damnation to. Cf. fie int. Now rare. Perhaps Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > oaths other than religious or obscene > imprecations

woeOE

dahetc1290

confoundc1330

foul (also shame) fall ——c1330

sorrow on——c1330

in the wanianda1352

wildfirea1375

evil theedomc1386

a pestilence on (also upon)c1390

woe betide you (also him, her, etc.)c1390

maldathaita1400

murrainc1400

out ona1415

in the wild waning worldc1485

vengeance?a1500

in a wanion1549

with a wanion1549

woe worth1553

a plague on——a1566

with a wanion to?c1570

with a wanyand1570

bot1584

maugre1590

poxa1592

death1593

rot1594

rot on1595

cancro1597

pax1604

pize on (also upon)1605

vild1605

peascod1606

cargo1607

confusion1608

perditiona1616

(a) pest upon1632

deuce1651

stap my vitals1697

strike me blind, dumb, lucky (if, but—)1697

stop my vitals1699

split me (or my windpipe)1700

rabbit1701

consume1756

capot me!1760

nick me!1760

weary set1788

rats1816

bad cess to1859

curse1885

hanged1887

buggeration1964

a1415 T. Hoccleve Balade Duke of York in Minor Poems (1892) i. 51 (MED) Out vp-on pryde, causer of my wo!

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. l. 5354 (MED) But out, allas, on fals couetyse!

a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) i. viii. f. 6 (MED) Let us crye ‘Arrowe and owt upon hem alle.’

a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) 78 (MED) Owt vpon þe, thefe!

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxix^v They crie out vpon him Heretike, to the fyre with hym.

1616 J. Hayward Sanctuarie Troubled Soule (1620) ii. i. 7 Out vpon me wretched soule! full both of vanity, and of ignorance.

1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxx. 188 Nor the Censures and many Out-upon-you's of the attentive Ladies.

1825 W. Scott Talisman viii, in Tales Crusaders III. 187 Out upon the hound! said Richard, spitting in contempt, by way of interjection.

1878 ‘G. Eliot’ College Breakfast Party in Macmillan's Mag. July 174 Out on them all!

1898 A. Balfour To Arms xiv. 153 Out upon you for a quack—a quirky quibbling quack, Sir.

C. prep.

1. From within, away from: = out of prep. 1. Formerly poetic. Now regional and nonstandard.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > out of [preposition]

out ofeOE

withoutc1000

outc1300

outwitha1400

utouthc1480

forth of1513

forth1567

c1300 Childhood Jesus (Laud) l. 1625 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1875) 1st Ser. 54 (MED) Þare cam An Naddre out þe gras.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4219 (MED) We..neuer-more for no man mowe be deliuered, ne pult out prison.

1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. f. lii It wyl not conueniently yssue oute that narowe places.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. ii. 41 When you haue pusht out your gates, the very Defender of them.

1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 206. ⁋4 Not endeavour at any Progress out that Tract.

1791 A. Wilson Poems (ed. 2) 82 Now neek rows briskly out the lums.

1830 Ld. Tennyson Adeline in Poems 69 Thy roselips and full blue eyes Take the heart from out my breast.

1875 G. W. Dasent Vikings III. 165 Sigmund Brestir's son..sprang out the waist of their ship.

1925 Staffs. Sentinel 27 July 19 The ship would make easier weather by proceeding out the western entrance.

1958 Otago Daily Times (N.Z.) 24 Feb. 5/2 He flew out the side of the cloud to warmer air.

1972 D. E. Westlake Cops & Robbers (1973) iii. 46 He looked out the windshield.

1982 A. Maupin Further Tales of City 59 The houseman wolfed down a deviled egg and scurried out the door.

1992 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 6 Aug. (Educ. Suppl.) 2/2 When you become useless, you're out the door.

2. Outside, beyond; = out of prep. 8. Also occasionally: beyond the range or limits of; = out of prep. 11. Now nonstandard.

ΚΠ

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 1640 Mornyng out mesure, to melior he wendes.

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 124 (MED) Disposicionz which appereþ in þe face, Som ar naturale som out or bi side naturez [?c1425 Paris vnkyndely; L. preter naturam].

1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII c. 18 Any other person..inhabiting out the liberte of the said citie.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. i. 38 Both within and out that Wall.

a1658 J. Cleveland Content in Wks. (1687) 249 Shall I then..Live in, and out the World?

1862 A. McGilvray Poems (ed. 2) 82 What he has felt 'tis out our power to say.

1883 W. D. Howells Woman's Reason (new ed.) I. x. 208 Its history..could not be known out the family.

1977 J. P. Donleavy Destinies Darcy Dancer xv. 209 A thrush chirping its evening song in the first darkness just out the window.

1991 J. Kelman Burn (1992) 144 He spent too much time boozing down the pub. Too much time out the house.

†3. [Equivalent to (and possibly after) classical Latin sine (see sine n.³).] Without. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

?a1425 in D. Knoop & G. P. Jones Mediæval Mason (1933) 268 May sclawndren hys felows oute reson.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xi. 105 The hungre..left the rich outt-shyld, Thaym to vnquart.

1578 T. Cooper Thesaurus (new ed.) Sine arbitrio,..to doe a thing alone out witnesse.

†4. Throughout, to the end of. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1692 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §129 Having whipped his Top lustily, quite out all the time that is set him.

Phrases

In adverbial phrases formed in combination with other adverbs (usually coordinated by and).See also out and out adv., out-and-home adj., out-and-return adj.

P1. out and in [Compare in and out adv.] :

a. Out of a place and in again; outdoors and indoors again.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > to and fro [phrase] > in and out

out and inOE

in and out?1504

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xviii. 318 We sceolon eac on ðysum dagum began ure gebedu & fylian urum haligdomum ut & in.

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Deut. (Claud.) xxxi. 2 Ic eom to dæg hundtwelftiwintrae; ne mæg ic lengc faran ut & inn.

a1300 Vision St. Paul (Jesus Oxf.) 180 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 152 And creopeþ vt and in ayeyn.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 5615 Ho..gert to pik hit oute & in.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Chron. x. D They bare the vessell out and in.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 169^v The windowes must be so placed,..hauing a hole..in such sort, as the Pigions may easely flee out and in at.

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 72 Girts are Thongs of Leather... Two of them are used to carry the Carriage out and in.

1792 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 667 Duncan sigh'd baith out and in.

1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xiv. 133 I..had the tide going out and in before me in the bay.

1913 R. Frost Mowing in Boy's Will 121 I should prefer to have some boy bend them As he went out and in to fetch the cows.

1952 E. Bowen Hand in Glove in Day in Dark (1965) 208 They had already seen regiments out and in; for quite a number of years, it began to seem, bets in the neighbourhood had been running high.

†b. Both on the outside and the inside; thoroughly, altogether. Cf. sense A. 16. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase] > thoroughly > from beginning to end or through and through

to the boneOE

through and throughc1225

out and outc1300

from top to tail1303

out and inc1390

(from) head to heel (also heels)c1400

(from) head to foot (also feet)c1425

from top to (into, unto) toec1425

to the skin1526

to one's (also the) finger (also fingers') ends1530

from first to last1536

up and down1542

whole out1562

to the pith1587

to the back1594

from A to (also until) Z1612

from clew to earing1627

from top to bottom1666

back and edge1673

all hollow1762

(all) to pieces1788

from A to Za1821

to one's (also the) fingertips1825

to one's fingernails1851

from tip to toe1853

down to the ground1859

to the backbone1864

right the way1867

pur sang1893

from the ground up1895

in and out1895

from soda (card) to hock1902

c1390 [see sense A. 16].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 6485 Þe comamentes ten..If we þam heild, bath vt and in.

a1450 in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 76 (MED) Do ryȝtwys dede, out and ynne.

1600 (?a1425) Chester Plays (Harl. 2013) 13 Save yourselfe, bouth out and in.

1842 T. Martin My Namesake in Fraser's Mag. Dec. ‘Full, sir, out and in’, said the cad.

P2. out and away: (modifying a superlative) far away; by far, beyond all others.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > greatly or very much [phrase] > to a great extent or by far

great quantityc1330

far forthly1362

by farc1380

well awayc1390

by half?a1400

by mucha1450

far (and) away1546

by a great sort1579

to stand head and shoulders abovea1683

(by) a long way1741

by a jugful1831

by all odds1832

by a long, damn, etc., sight1834

out and away1834

(by) a long chalk1835

by chalks1835

by long chalks1835

by a street1886

a whole lot1886

1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 43/1 Beggary is a business, a profession, out-and-away the most thriving, profitable, secure [etc.].

1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island iv. xvii. 138 ‘Who's the best shot?’..‘Mr. Trelawney, out and away.’

1946 S. T. Felstead Stars who made Halls xvii. 177 Since his time the best of them, out and away ahead of anybody else, is Cavan O'Connor, who must be the best tenor—Sims Reeves included—ever known on the ‘halls’.

P3. out and about: fit and active, going outdoors (esp. after recovering from an illness); travelling around; engaging in social activity.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [phrase] > about

out and about1881

the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > recovering [phrase] > moving around or going out

out and about1881

1881 L. B. Walford Dick Netherby i. 8 Till Mr. Netherby was out and about again.

1884 R. Buchanan Foxglove Manor II. xxvi. 238 Ellen was already out and about.

1930 London Mercury Feb. 324 He'll be out and about in a fortnight.

1977 Jersey Evening Post 26 July 27/6 Mrs. Munro had entertained to tea at her home several elderly ladies who seldom get out and about.

1991 Z. Edgell In Times like These xviii. 107 He was out and about struggling for recognition, involving himself in activities that would further his political career.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	out
释义	outn. Brit. /aʊt/, U.S. /aʊt/ Forms: see out adv., int., and prep. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: out adv. Etymology: < out adv.In the following isolated early example, out is short for outgate n.¹:c1475 in L. T. Smith Common-place Bk. 15th Cent. (1886) 143 Þe lyberte of in-gate and owtte [L. ingressu et egressu] with-in þe Town and with-owte. 1. †a. from out to out: from one extremity to the other; in total external length or breadth. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > in longitudinal extent [phrase] > from end to end from out to out1620 from end to end1632 1620 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 97 A new roofe..in width 126 foote from out to out being Framed with a Halfe story 5 foot high above the Floore. 1692 Smith's Sea-mans Gram. (new ed.) ii. xiv. 113 The Diameter..may from Out to Out be near 20 Inches. 1707 London Gaz. No. 4319/3 A Chapel..52 Foot wide from Out to Out. 1834 J. S. Macaulay Treat. Field Fortification 174 The width of the shaft in the clear must be equal to that of the gallery from out to out. b. An external side, surface or region; the outside; spec. the world outside prison. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > the outside or exterior out-halfOE outwardc1475 outside1505 utter-side1577 outerness1674 exterior1695 out1717 1717 M. Prior Alma ii. 37 The gown..The out, if Indian figures stain, The inside must be rich and plain. 1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto I clxxxvii. 96 Juan..liking not the inside, lock'd the out. 1890 J. H. Stirling Gifford Lect. xviii. 351 It [sc. space] lies there motionless, a motionless infinite Out. 1988 M. Bradbury Unsent Lett. 168 What we are watching is the creation of a dialect, a language fiction, a plot for the control of reality which will keep the in in, and the out out. 1994 Daily Tel. 12 Sept. 19/3 I have seen prisoners hand and ankle cuffed to the bed in hospital,..a necessary precaution in so far as the prisoner were dangerous and likely to be ‘sprung’ by their friends on the out. †2. Proverb. to drink the three outs: to drink to excess (see quots. 1622 and 1624 for various interpretations). Cf. gentleman of three outs at gentleman n. Phrases 10. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [verb (intransitive)] to drink deepa1300 bousec1300 bibc1400 to drink drunk1474 quaff1520 to set cock on the hoopa1535 boll1535 quass1549 tipple1560 swillc1563 carouse1567 guzzle1579 fuddle1588 overdrink1603 to drink the three outs1622 to bouse it1623 sota1639 drifflec1645 to drink like a fisha1653 tope1668 soak1687 to play at swig1688 to soak one's clay (or face)1704 impote1721 rosin1730 dram1740 booze1768 to suck (also sup) the monkey1785 swattle1785 lush1811 to lift up the little finger1812 to lift one's (or the) elbow1823 to crook one's elbow or little finger1825 jollify1830 to bowse up the jib1836 swizzle1847 peg1874 to hit the booze, bottle, jug, pot1889 to tank up1902 sozzle1937 to belt the bottle1941 indulge1953 1622 S. Ward Woe to Drunkards 20 Stay and drink the three Outs first (that is, Wit out of the head, Money out of the purse, Ale out of the pot). 1624 T. Scott High-waies of God (1633) 26 To drink the three Outs, to drink by the dozen, by the yard, and by the bushell. 1656 J. Trapp Comm. Gal. v. 21 A company of odious drunkards having drunk all the three outs. 3. outs and ins: complexities, ramifications, complete details; = ins and outs at in n.² 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [noun] > quality of being specific or detailed > a detail or particular > details or particulars > complicated outs and ins1658 ins and outs1844 1658 J. Goodwin Triumviri ii. 11 Why did Mr. Kendall labour in the very fire..in troubling the Presse with so many soe's, and not soe's, with so many outs and ins, with offs and ons, with firsts and seconds, with fore-thoughts, and after-thoughts, with forwards, and backwards? 1773 R. Fergusson Poems 91 He's a man weel vers'd in a' the laws, Kens baith their outs and ins. 1846 W. Cross Disruption xxxix. 427 We..canna pretend to understaund a' the oots and ins o' the Kirk question. 1847 Illustr. London News 4 Sept. 158/1 A rather handsome, irregular building; full, in familiar phrase, of ‘outs and ins’. 1865 J. S. Mill in Morning Star 6 July He had not considered the outs and ins of the question of marriage with a deceased wife's sister. 1916 T. W. Paterson Wyse-sayin's xvi. 33 The Lord Himsel' ll settle the oots-an'-ins o' the hale maitter. 1985 New Yorker 5 Aug. 47/3 Kison knows the outs and ins of his profession. 4. A person on the outside. a. Usually in plural. Politics colloquial. A member of a party which is out of office; a member of an official opposition; a member of a minority or marginalized faction. Usually opposed to in. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > those out of office out?1744 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] > the opposition opposition1704 out?1744 out-party1817 loyal opposition1992 ?1744 in Catal. Prints: Polit. & Personal Satires (Brit. Mus.) (1877) III. i. 492 Huzza, Boys! a Fare: Who can first get to Port? Cry the Outs.—Its ours, say the Ins of the Court. 1764 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 20 July (1932) (modernized text) VI. 2603 I..believe that there will be something patched up between the ins and the outs. 1774 H. Swinburne in Courts Europe Last Cent. (1841) I. 16 What an epoch for ministers, both ins and outs! 1815 T. Jefferson Let. 14 Feb. in Writings (1984) 1364 Some of them are Outs, and wish to be Inns; some the mere dupes of the agitators, or of their own party passions, while the Maratists alone are in the real secret. 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XIII xxiv. 67 Juan stood well both with Ins and Outs. 1885 Graphic 28 Feb. 198/2 The vigilance of the ‘Outs’ affords the most effective of all guarantees for the good behaviour of the ‘Ins’. 1930 W. K. Hancock Australia x. 210 Before the advent of Labour politics tended to be a battle of the Ins and Outs. 1990 Village Voice (N.Y.) 20 Nov. 46/3 The official communists called the dissenters ‘revisionists’, as always the ins label the outs. †b. In plural. Cricket. The team which is fielding rather than batting. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > cricketer > [noun] > side > side which is out or in field1744 out1824 in-side1837 1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village I. 209 He..thinks nothing of contending with both sides, the ins and the outs, secure of out-talking the whole field. 1853 F. Gale Public School Matches 13 The ‘Outs’ are pleased at the steady pace, and the ‘Ins’ are equally pleased with the steady batting. †c. An outside passenger on a coach. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > [noun] > number of passengers using specific transport > coach passenger sitting inside or outside outside passenger1762 outside1789 in1844 out1844 insider1854 1844 J. T. J. Hewlett Parsons & Widows I. i. 8 Room for two outs and an in. †d. Rugby Union. A player who does not take part in scrums; = back n.¹ 21. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > rugby football > [noun] > types of player scrimmager1835 goalkicker1879 out1895 rover1901 touch-finder1960 1895 Westm. Gaz. 7 Nov. 3/2 The feature of the [football] game was..the brilliant passing of the 'Varsity outs. e. A person excluded or considered unfashionable. ΚΠ 1916 M. Cowley Let. 11 Nov. in Sel. Corr. K. Burke & M. Cowley (1988) 33 The bitter outs here think that money is the only requisite for inness. 1955 E. Pound Classic Anthol. ii. 106 Folk with no salary The heavens swat, while ploots [sc. plutocrats] can manage And the ‘outs’ cannot. 1993 Spy (N.Y.) Apr. 55/2 The fear of being on the out list is even more intense now that McNally is back on top again. f. colloquial. An outpatient at a hospital. Also (slang): (in plural) an outpatient department in a hospital (now rare). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > patient > [noun] > out-patient outpatient1715 out1933 the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > hospital or infirmary > hospital department > specific department ambulatorium1834 emergency room1886 emergency department1889 recovery room1894 accident and emergency1898 outpatients1910 X-ray1916 casualty1927 abortorium1933 out1933 ER1955 A and E1966 emerg1978 1933 E. Partridge Slang To-day & Yesterday iii. iii. 192 Outs, out-patient department. 1964 G. L. Cohen What's Wrong with Hospitals? iv. 76 Distinction between the ‘ins’ and the ‘outs’ is inevitably fading. 5. a. English regional (south-western). An outward movement, a low tide. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > [noun] > ebbing or flowing out ebba1000 ebbingc1000 fresha1552 fall1571 vale-water1589 refloat1594 reflow1610 downtide1668 recurrency1724 out1756 retroposition1836 ebb-tide1837 recurrence1857 1756 J. Huxham in Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 372 The tide had made a very extraordinary out (or recess) almost immediately after high water. a1903 T. C. Peter in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 372/1 [Cornwall] The lowest out is spring tide at low water. 1988 Jrnl. Lancs. Dial. Soc. Sept. 15 At Mevagissey the tidal extremes are top o' the toid ‘high water’ and there's a big out ‘it's very low water’. b. Chiefly English regional (northern). An excursion, outing; a holiday. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > outing or excursion > [noun] airing1607 tour1656 excursion1699 scheme1758 out1762 visit1800 outing1821 day out1822 day trip1838 spin1856 ta-ta1886 1762 Gentleman's Mag. (1806) Feb. 79/1 A young batchellor would be so far from being detrimented by an out of that kind, that [etc.]. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) (at cited word) Ye've hed a fine out. 1853 C. Dickens Bleak House vii. 62 Us London lawyers don't often get an out; and when we do, we like to make the most of it. 1898 Daily News 12 May 6/5 To watch the rustic..thoroughly happy for the time being at his little out. 1903 in Eng. Dial. Dict. IV. 372/1 [Derbyshire] John is having his out this month. †c. U.S. A permission to go out. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > permission to be absent exeat1728 furlough1763 leave of absence1767 out1845 1845 S. Judd Margaret ii. i. 198 She..gave them [sc. pupils] their outs. d. colloquial (originally U.S.). A means of escape or avoidance; a way out; (hence) an excuse, defence, or alibi. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > escape > [noun] > means of escape posternc1475 outgatec1485 resorta1500 meuse1528 gap1548 evasiona1555 outscapea1555 way1574 outlet1625 subterfuge1761 bolting-hole1789 flighta1822 getaway1876 out1919 bolt-hole1932 society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > excuse > [noun] assoin1297 excusationc1380 pleaa1382 excusement1393 sunyiea1400 chose15.. excusec1500 allegation?1510 scuse1523 subterfuge1581 apology1598 alibi1857 out1919 1919 R. Lardner Real Dope iii. 79 I am not one of the kind that are looking for an out and trying to hide behind a desk..because I am afraid to go into the trenches. 1926 J. Black You can't Win vi. 69 If a copper grabs you you've got an out. You ain't exactly beggin'. 1970 G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard 12 He wanted an out, a plausible story that would extricate his head from the chopping block. 1992 Harpers & Queen Nov. 20/2 The Sun in Scorpio and close to Pluto on the 14th affords you the perfect opportunity to stop looking for an out, a bolt hole in the fence or an escape route. e. An output socket on a piece of audio or video equipment, etc.; the output from such a socket. With preceding word (as audio, MIDI, video, etc.), indicating the type of signal output from the socket. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical appliances or devices > [noun] > socket socket1885 receptacle1887 wall plug1888 electric socket1892 keyholder1892 outlet1892 point1904 power point1912 power socket1922 socket outlet1934 lighter socket1946 line in1970 line out1970 out1980 1980 Radio Electronics Apr. 69/1 The audio signal is also available at a jack labelled Audio Out for testing audio equipment. 1983 E. Trundle Beginner's Guide Videocassette Recorders iv. 75 It is applied to the ‘video out’ socket. 1989 Music Technol. Oct. 15/1 All three instruments have multiple MIDI Outs which are individually addressable, allowing for 32-channel operation. 1994 Guitarist Sept. 76/3 Equipped with a few goodly sounds I DI'ed the DigiTech into a portastudio in order to check out the speaker simulated XLR outs. 2001 Total DVD Feb. 74/4 There is a pair of phono outs alongside sockets to facilitate both coaxial and optical digital output. 6. Chiefly U.S. colloquial. An attempt; (also) a result, outcome or conclusion (of an undertaking). Frequently to make an out: to achieve a result. Cf. outcome n.² 3a. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > make an attempt or endeavour [verb (intransitive)] fanda1225 procurea1325 assay1370 workc1384 to put oneself in pressc1390 purchasec1400 buskc1450 study1483 fend15.. try1534 enterprise1547 to make an attempt?c1550 to give the venture1589 prove1612 nixuriate1623 to lay out1659 essay1715 to bring (also carry, drive, etc.) one's pigs to market1771 to have (or take or give) a crack1836 to make an out1843 to go to market1870 to give it a burl1917 to have a bash (at)1950 the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > [noun] > one who or that which is successful > that which is successful success1667 good thing1764 go1780 out1843 winner1913 success story1925 socko1937 gangbuster1946 bomb1954 1766 I. Penrose Lett. from Bath 13 May (1983) 107 I do not much mind Spirits; as they come, they may go. But your Mamma was resolved to know the Out of it. 1843 H. Y. Webb Diary 4 May in Amer. Speech (1951) 26 183/1 A man..that made half as many good resolutions as I have or made a worse out in sticking to them. 1853 J. G. Baldwin Flush Times Alabama & Mississippi 31 I might have made a pretty good out of it, if I had thrown myself upon the merits of my case. 1893 J. Salisbury Gloss. Words S.E. Worcs. (at cited word) ‘Making a goodish out’ or ‘a poorish out’, are terms applied to any undertaking when successful or the reverse. 1904 W. N. Harben Georgians xix. 176 Warren got down on his knees then and actually tried to pray; but he made a pore out. 1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling xxvi. 347 I often figger I made a sorry out of it, not encouragin' you. 1951 H. Giles Harbin's Ridge xv. 125 Let the woman of a house get sick, and it just goes to pieces. In the city, now, a man can make out very well... But in the country he makes a poor out of it when the hub of the house comes down. 7. a. U.S. Printing. An accidental omission of copy by a compositor. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > [noun] > omission out1784 1784 B. Franklin in Ann. Reg. 1817 (1818) Characters 389 Their forms too are continually pestered by the outs, and doubles, that are not easy to be corrected. 1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) To make an out, to omit something in setting up copy. a1910 ‘M. Twain’ Autobiography (1925) II. 281 In the line in which the ‘out’ had been made. b. colloquial (chiefly U.S.) A defect or blemish; a disadvantage. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > disfigurement > [noun] > a disfigurement or blemish tachec1330 vicec1386 flakec1400 plotc1400 offencec1425 defectc1450 disconformity1505 defection1526 blemish1535 fitch1550 blot1578 flaw1604 tainta1616 mulct1632 smitch1638 scarring1816 out1886 the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > imperfection > [noun] > an imperfection > defect or fault or flaw faultc1320 breckc1369 villainyc1400 offencec1425 defectc1450 defection1526 vitiosity1538 faintness1543 gall1545 eelist1549 mar1551 hole1553 blemish1555 wart1603 flaw1604 mulct1632 wound1646 failurea1656 misfeature1818 bug1875 out1886 1886 E. S. Phelps Burglars in Paradise 48 Sound as sense! Hadn't an out about him. 1893 K. Sanborn Truthful Woman S. Calif. 69 Are there no ‘outs’, no defects in this Pasadena? 1917 H. Garland Son of Middle Border xiii. 129 Even hostling had its ‘outs’, especially in spring when the horses were shedding their hair. 1955 W. W. Denlinger Compl. Boston 167 A perfection in one part cannot make up for serious ‘outs’ elsewhere in the whole dog. 8. colloquial (now chiefly North American). at (or at the, on the) outs: at variance or on unfriendly terms (with someone or something). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > at variance [phrase] in (also into, on, a) piecesa1275 in strife1398 at traversc1448 at issue1474 at a strife1488 at variancea1535 at square1545 at (a) jar1552 at (or to) daggers' drawing1556 at (a) mutiny1567 in (a) mutiny1567 at wrig-wrag1599 at daggers drawn1668 at (or at the, on the) outs1824 loggerhead1831 at daggers' points1857 at swords' points1890 the mind > emotion > hatred > state of variance or disunion > [adjective] unsaughtc1100 unsomec1275 in variancec1465 at variance1528 at variancea1535 opposed1584 at (or at the, on the) outs1824 1824 W. Carr Horæ Momenta Cravenæ 97 ‘To be at outs’, is to be at variance. 1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. 185/2 They fell at outs last Brigg fair was three year, an' hev nivver hed a good wod for one another sin'. 1884 Congress. Rec. 23 Apr. 3326/1 His church and the Unitarians [were] very much at outs. 1917 G. B. McCutcheon Green Fancy 87 My daughter and I are..what you might say ‘on the outs’ at present. 1928 A. Waugh Nor Many Waters ii. 84 We were at outs pretty badly about that time. And when you're at outs it doesn't take much to send you off. 1955 W. Gaddis Recognitions iii. i. 732 It's all right, don't explain. I'm on the outs with them too. 1995 Our Times July 29/1 Most young workers are completely on the outs with the union. 9. With a prefixed numeral, as two-out, three-out, etc.: (a glass containing) a measure of liquor, of which the specified number are contained in a standard measure (usually a gill). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > drinking vessel > [noun] > holding specific amount pint1354 pint pot1383 potteler1386 pottle pot1392 gagec1440 quart stoup1452 thirdendeal1571 pint stoup1638 triental1656 pottle1698 go1788 three-out1836 shant1851 jackshay1867 stein1915 viertel1967 1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 2nd Ser. 148 A couple of ladies,..having imbibed the contents of various ‘three-outs’ of gin and bitters. 1903 Daily Chron. 24 June 7/2 ‘Two Bass's and three outs’ is an order which seems to be instantly comprehended by a barmaid who distributes the contents of two bottles among three glasses. 1953 B. Spiller Innkeeping vi. 87 An ordinary wine or spirirt bottle..contains 26⅔ liquid ounces. Allowing for waste..not more than..26 ‘five-out’ measures can be relied upon. 1980 Internat. Guide to Drinks (U.K. Bartenders' Guild) 223 No. of measures per gill: 1 out, 5 ounces; 2 out, 2.5 ounces; [etc.]. 10. Baseball. The dismissal of a batter or a base runner from an inning. Cf. out adv. 17c. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > [noun] > putting player out out1860 1860 in Amer. Speech (1947) 22 204/1 Three ‘outs’ and one ‘run’. 1886 H. Chadwick Art of Pitching & Fielding 15 Mere speed costs more in wild pitches, and called and passed balls than it yields in outs or strikes. 1945 W. Maxwell Folded Leaf 75 The score was five to four, but there were three men on bases and no outs. 1973 N.Y. Herald Tribune Internat. 15 June 15/4 Evans, whose only out in 17 straight appearances was a sacrifice fly, wiped out a 3-2 Pirate lead with his 14th homer. 1995 Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) 28 Sept. 57/1 A bases-loaded, three-base error by Milwaukee left fielder David Huise with two outs in the sixth inning. 11. In plural. English regional (south-western). Amounts paid out; rates and taxes. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [noun] > expenses costningc1275 spense1297 costagesa1325 misesa1325 spenses1377 dispensec1380 expensesc1384 pensiona1387 costsc1390 resaillec1450 chargec1460 charges1514 outgiving1556 disbursement1607 going-outs1607 defalcation1622 outgoing1622 expense1632 outgoa1641 damage1755 outset1755 expenditure1791 outspend1859 ex1864 paid-out1883 outs1884 x's1894 1884 Sir T. Acland in Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Feb. 2/1 The owner generally pays the ‘outs’; that is, the tithe, land tax, and rates. 1887 S. Baring-Gould Gaverocks III. lii. 154 Worth in the gross about twelve hundred a year—that is, when all outs were paid, about eight hundred. a1903 T. C. Peter in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 372/2 [Cornwall] Rent £40 and outs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). outadj. Brit. /aʊt/, U.S. /aʊt/ Forms: see out adv., int., and prep. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: out adv. Etymology: < out adv.Partly by ellipsis of a participle (such as lying ), or by taking the predicative use of the adverb as adjective, and using it attributive (e.g. ‘the out side’ from ‘which side is out?’), or by resolution of compounds with out- (e.g. out-worker , out worker ). Not distinctly separable from out- prefix 1a. attributive. 1. Situated on or forming an outside or external surface; external, exterior. Now rare.Now usually expressed by outer, outside, external; in some combinations, e.g. outpart n., the first element was originally the adjective, but is now commonly interpreted as out- prefix. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adjective] outwardeOE outwithc1225 outa1300 outermorea1425 withoutforthc1503 exterial1528 outforth?1541 butc1570 exterior1570 extrinsical1594 extrinsic1613 externala1616 outside1634 exoteric1662 extern1666 a1300 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Jesus Oxf.) (1935) 110 His nest ifuted in þe vt halue. 1417 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 11 Fra the oute syde of the poste. a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 68 Yf hete be mad more..by hote metys and stalworthe, or for oon oute hete þat maystres and ouercomes. 1590 R. Payne Briefe Descr. Ireland (1841) 9 Let the out side [of your ditch] be plum upright. 1703 Moxon's Mech. Exercises (new ed.) 230 On the out Edge of the Guide. 1887 M. W. Jones Games of Patience vii. 18 If two or three are..in the four ‘out’ cards, you are brought to a standstill. 2. a. Designating an isle or island lying away from the mainland; (now) spec. designating any of the outlying islands of the Bahamas. Also: designating an inhabitant of such an island. Frequently with hyphen.In earlier use frequently applied to the islands surrounding Scotland, and to the British Isles as a whole (referring to their situation with regard to the Continent). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [adjective] > farther from shore outc1350 off1666 offshore1840 c1350 in Ayenbite (1866) 5 To nyȝt is boren a barn in Kaerneruam, Þat ssal wolden þe out ydlis ylc an. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 30 Orgayle and Orkenay, and alle this owte-iles. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 343 The cry was maade in Ingelonde, Walys, Scotlande, Irelonde, and Cornuayle, and in all the Oute Iles. 1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus To Gentlem. Eng. The out yles lying betwixt Grece and Asia minor. 1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 112/1 in R. Holinshed Chron. I The earle of Lennox stood in hope, that the Lorde of the out Isles would ayde hym. 1584 A. Barlowe in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) iii. 732 And after ten daies, remaining in an out Island vnhabited, called Wococan, they..fastened two boates of the Countrey together, and made mastes vnto them, and sailes of their shirtes. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. ii. 54 Purposing to speake of the out-Isles Orcades, Hebudes or Hebrides, and of Shetland in their due place. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 33 743/1 Mr. Gelid's brother..had just returned from one of the out islands. 1897 Westm. Gaz. 19 Jan. 2/1 To the more adventurous there lie the out-islands,..little explored. 1957 Encycl. Brit. II. 928/1 New Providence.., although not one of the larger islands, is the most important..; the others are known collectively as the Out Islands. 1971 Bahamas 23 iii. 20 Bahamian Out Islanders are among the world's friendliest people. 1993 Cottage Life Mar. 79/2 The test was to..swim..to and from Rock Island, a tiny out island. b. Distant, outlying, situated on the outer border, or at a distance (from a central point). In early use spec.: †foreign (obsolete). Now only as in out- prefix 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > distance or farness > [adjective] > remote or inaccessible outc1425 inaccessible?a1475 out-way1532 deviate1575 unaccessible1596 reachless1597 devious1599 wandering1600 untouchable1622 outlying1651 back1683 no-nationa1756 out-of-the-way1756 outlandish1792 eccentric1800 outworld1808 out-by1816 outside1847 off-lying1859 unget-at-able1862 far-out1887 far-back1900 c1425 Prose Versions New Test.: Deeds (Cambr.) (1904) xxvi. 11 I was more wode agaynes hem, ande pursewed hem to oute [L. exteras] nacyons. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 3909 Bade hir..Ayere into Irelande, into þas owte-mowntes. 1465 in J. T. Gilbert Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 320 (MED) No carter of the citte of Dyvelyn schall hyre non carte to non ostyng to non owt man, bot only to men of the citte. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. ccxxi^v Thenne the Kentysshemen..came vnto the out parties of the Cytie of London as Radclyffe, Seynt Katherynes and other places and robbyd & spoyled the..Flemynges, & all the Berehowses. a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 92, in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) I greatly mislike the Lord Deputies seating at Dublin, being the outest corner of the Realme, and least needing the awe of his presence. 1653 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston 6 The very hart & securest part of the towne (& noe out or by place) is the most fitt for a Magazene for Armes. 1688 in J. H. Trumbull Public Rec. Colony of Connecticut (1859) III. 438 I lately wrott you about Watching and Warding in your out townes. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 162 Judiciel Offices in the out Parts of his Diocess. a1784 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherd in Sc. Wks. (1938) 179 Throw the out glens some days the sheep to hird. 1827 in W. Motherwell Minstrelsy 157 Now tell me o' some out chamber Where I this nicht may be. †3. Of a debt or charge: still to be paid, outstanding. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [adjective] > to be paid out or deducted out1475 defalcable1622 1475 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 372 He seth þat, be than þat þe owt chargys be boryn..we ar lyke to haue but lykyll mor mony. 1482 Lease of Inn (Brasenose Coll. Oxf. Archives) (Hurst Cal. of Munim. 29, Wycombe 3) To pay all maner of out charges and rentes. †4. Prominent, projecting, protruding. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > [adjective] steepc1000 tooting?c1225 strutting1387 prominent?1440 extant1540 eminent?1541 pouting1563 poking1566 out1576 egregious1578 promontory1579 out-pointed1585 buttinga1593 outjetting1598 perking1598 jettying1609 juttying1609 out-jutting1611 outstanding1611 upsticking1611 out-shooting1622 jutting1624 outgrowing1625 rank1625 toting1645 projectinga1652 porrected1653 protruded1654 protruding1654 upcast1658 protending1659 jettinga1661 raised1663 starting1680 emersed1686 exerted1697 projective1703 jet-out1709 exorbitant1715 sticking1715 foreright1736 poky1754 perked-up1779 salient1789 prouda1800 overdriven1812 extrusive1816 stand-up1818 shouldering1824 jutty1827 outflung1830 sticky-out1839 sticking-up1852 outreaching1853 protrusive1858 out-thrusting1869 stickout1884 protrudent1891 1576 R. Peterson tr. G. della Casa Galateo 103 A little nose, blubbe cheekes, a flat mouth, an out chinne. 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 186 An out breast. 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 186 High or out shoulders. 5. Cricket. Of a match: played at the opposition's ground (cf. away adv. 9a(a)); played in the outer parts of the field. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > [adjective] > type of match first class1844 out1875 limited-over1947 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > cricket ground > [adjective] > parts of field fine1866 out1875 1875 Baily's Monthly Mag. June 105 First-rate M.C.C. elevens are not to be got together, especially for out-matches, as easily as he supposes. 1884 James Lillywhite's Cricketers' Ann. ii. ii. 63 Kent's first victory of the season, the result mainly of creditable out cricket. 1896 Daily News 2 Mar. 5/1 Surrey and Lancashire..lost only one out match apiece. 1934 W. J. Lewis Lang. Cricket 159 Out match, a match played away from home, on the ground of the opposing side. 6. Unfashionable. Cf. in adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > unfashionableness > [adjective] infashionable1640 unfashionable1660 unmodishc1665 unpolite1741 démodé1871 naff1964 switched-off1964 out1966 schleppy1966 dorky1970 dorked-out1974 1966 Punch 29 June 946/1 Nowhere have I come across a word of guidance for the ‘out’ crowd—the vast, non-swinging, switched-off, palateless, utterly without-it lot who dominate the community. 1969 Daily Tel. 24 July 17/6 They [sc. children] want to eat savoury things most of all; but there are certain ‘in’ sweet-stuffs and a very great many ‘out’ ones. 1993 Coloradoan (Fort Collins) 25 Apr. c1/2 I would define ‘out crowd’ as the group of people who don't follow every little trend, people who make their own trends. 7. colloquial. Of a homosexual (or bisexual): that is openly or publicly so. Cf. out adv. 22d. ΚΠ 1973 Zodiac Friendship Soc. Information (Saskatoon, Sask.) Apr. 3/1 One is aware of a feeling that Murphy, although he is an ‘out’ gay, has some feelings of insecurity and inferiority to overcome. 1986 City Limits 10 Apr. 54 How did an out lesbian get a deal with someone like Stiff? 1996 Q Jan. 78/2 I said to Chris, I'm very out; you found me in a gay bar..and I'm not going to present myself as anything other than what I am. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). outv. Brit. /aʊt/, U.S. /aʊt/ Forms: Old English utian, early Middle English utiȝe, early Middle English uttige, early Middle English– out, Middle English owte, Middle English–1500s oute; English regional 1800s aht (Yorkshire), 1800s– oot (midlands and northern); also Scottish pre-1700 oute, pre-1700 owt, 1800s oot. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: out adv. Etymology: < out adv. Compare Old Frisian ūtia, Old High German ūzōn, ūzen (Middle High German ūzenen, ūzen), reflexive with genitive, to do without, distance oneself from.Perhaps independently re-formed in late Middle English. In Old English the prefixed form geūtian is also attested. 1. a. transitive. To expel, reject, or get rid of; to dismiss from a place, office, rank, etc.; to deprive (of a possession). Frequently with from, of.Common in 17th and 18th centuries; cf. outed adj. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > remove from office or authority [verb (transitive)] outOE deposec1300 remuec1325 to put out1344 to set downc1369 deprivec1374 outputa1382 removea1382 to throw outa1382 to put downc1384 privea1387 to set adowna1387 to put out of ——?a1400 amovec1425 disappoint1434 unmakec1475 dismiss1477 dispoint1483 voidc1503 to set or put beside (or besides) the cushion1546 relieve1549 cass1550 displace1553 unauthorize1554 to wring out1560 seclude1572 eject1576 dispost1577 decass1579 overboard1585 cast1587 sequester1587 to put to grass1589 cashier1592 discompose1599 abdicate1610 unseat1611 dismount1612 disoffice1627 to take off1642 unchair1645 destitute1653 lift1659 resign1674 quietus1688 superannuate1692 derange1796 shelve1812 shelf1819 Stellenbosch1900 defenestrate1917 axe1922 retire1961 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > specific people from a place, position, or possession outshoveOE to do out of ——OE shovec1200 to put out of ——c1225 to cast out1297 void13.. usurpa1325 to put outa1350 outputa1382 outrayc1390 excludea1400 expulse?a1475 expel1490 to shut forth1513 to put forth1526 to turn out1546 depel?1548 disseisin1548 evict1548 exturb1603 debout1619 wincha1626 disseise1627 out-pusha1631 howster1642 oust1656 out1823 purge1825 the bum's rush1910 outplace1928 OE Laws of Æðelred II (Corpus Cambr. 201) v. x. §2. 241 Æni man heonan forð..ne ciricðen ne utige buton biscopes geþeahte. c1420 Liber Calchon II. 448 Ilkane of thir [sc. the hart, the lever & the harnys] has his clengyng plas quhar he may out his superfluces. 1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. 61 By this plea the Court shall bee outed of iurisdiction. 1651 tr. J. Kitchin Jurisdictions 256 The Lord by Knights Service..might have outed a Farmor. 1668 S. Pepys Diary 11 Nov. (1976) IX. 357 They..do bring in Mr. Littleton, Sir Tho's brother—and out all the rest. 1685 H. More Paralipomena Prophetica xxxix. 339 Outing them of all Political Power in Church or State. 1711 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 201 The Bp. of Winchester designing to out him. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. iii. ii. 475 They could..be legally outed of their lease. View more context for this quotation 1823 J. Galt Ringan Gilhaize II. xix. 189 Outing her ministers from their kirks and manses. 1862 E. Fitzgerald Let. 31 Jan. (1980) II. 426 I have not yet hung up my Pictures, which are now got back to the Room they were outed from. 1905 S. R. Crockett Cherry Ribband xl Honest Mr. Eastwood him that was outed in the year Sixty. 1927 H. A. Vachell Dew of Sea & Other Stories 269 I'll out 'em both, even if it breaks the contract. 1941 E. R. Eddison Fish Dinner vii. 103 Should a been unlorded long since, outed of all his hopes, for's misgovernment. 1968 Daily Mirror 27 Aug. 7/3 No one throws things away any more. They ‘out’ them. b. transitive. To extinguish, blot out, abolish. to out pipes (Nautical): to cease smoking pipes. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > put out or extinguish fire, pain, etc. aquenchc1000 adweschOE quenchc1175 extinct?a1475 out1502 dead1611 stifle1629 kill1934 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > extinguish (fire) [verb (transitive)] aquenchc1000 quenchc1175 sleckc1175 slockena1300 bleschea1325 sleckena1340 sleaka1400 asteyntea1450 stancha1450 mesec1480 slockc1480 extinct1483 redd1487 to put outa1500 out-quencha1522 squench1535 extinguish1551 out1629 smoor1721 douse1842 the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > annul, cancel, revoke [verb (transitive)] > make void or invalid wanea889 voida1340 avoidc1375 abolishc1475 disnull1509 disannula1513 annihilate1525 evacuate1526 aniente1528 extinct1530 disable1548 extinguish1548 solute1550 destitutea1563 exinanitea1575 cashier1596 devoid1601 shorta1616 supersede1618 vitiate1627 invalidate1649 out1653 vacate1662 exinanitiate1698 atheticize1701 squasha1777 invalid1827 negate1837 negative1837 unsanction1854 cancel- the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > smoke [verb (intransitive)] > smoke a pipe > stop smoking pipe to out pipes1900 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. iv. sig. d ^v Also the water quenched & owted the thyrste. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 21 Thee night with brightnes is owted. 1629 F. Quarles Argalus & Parthenia ii. 95 Witnesse that Tapour, whose prophetick snuffe Was outed and reuiued with one puffe. 1653 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 167 That the same Wryting bee utterly outed made null and voyde. 1887 H. de Mille Wife iv. i, in America's Lost Plays (1941) XVII. 122 Embraces her, outs candle on the table, kisses her and continues embracing. 1900 Black & White Budget 1 Sept. 684/1 The times set apart for smoking are generally from noon till about 1.15, when the marine drummer beats a long roll on his drum as a signal to ‘Out-pipes’. 1916 ‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin ii. 25 At one-ten the bugle sounded ‘Out pipes’, and the decks were cleared up. a1937 I. Gurney Coll. Poems (1982) 61 And night's undone. Stars are routed And sweet lamps outed. 1961 F. H. Burgess Dict. Sailing 154 Out pipes, the order to stop smoking. 1994 J. Barth Once upon Time 61 I..replace flash light on step, out candle and oil lamp. c. transitive. Sport, esp. Tennis. To send (the ball) outside the court or pitch. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > [verb (transitive)] > put ball out or into net out1865 net1906 1865 W. S. Banks List Provinc. Words Wakefield 3 Ahted, put out. ‘Ahted t'first ball.’ 1927 Daily Express 22 June 2/2 Raymond, striving for extra speed, netted and outed a succession of returns. 1928 Daily Express 5 July 11/4 He outed and netted two drives. d. transitive. Boxing slang. To knock out or defeat (an opponent). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > dullness of sense perception > dull (the senses) [verb (transitive)] > stun asweveOE stonyc1330 astone1340 astony1340 stouna1400 stounda1400 stuna1400 stoynec1450 dozen1487 astonish1530 benumb1530 daunt1581 dammisha1598 still1778 silence1785 to knock, lay (out), etc., cold1829 to lay out1891 out1896 wooden1904 to knock rotten1919 the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > strike with specific degree of force [verb (transitive)] > strike severely > so as to render unconscious to lay out1829 out1896 the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific thing > strike with specific thing [verb (transitive)] > with the hand > with the fist > incapacitate by to knock outa1616 to knock (also beat, etc.) a person stupid1811 to knock (formerly also hit, etc.) out of time1821 out1896 K.O.1922 kayo1923 1896 Daily News 15 June 7/1 The slang of the prize ring, where ‘outing’ a man signifies to render him insensible. 1898 Pink 'Un & Pelican 86 (Farmer) Gently, my lad, gently,..yer don't want to knock 'im out yet; give us a little show o' yer quality afore you outs him. 1915 E. Corri Thirty Years Boxing Referee 221 Lewis..promptly hit him a terrific punch on the point. ‘Outed’ by bluff! e. transitive. slang. To kill, esp. by a blow. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by blow(s) to beat (also stone, slay, etc.) to deathOE to swap to (the) death, of livea1375 to ding to deathc1380 to knock on (in) the head (also rarely at head)?1562 settle?1611 to bowl (one) to deatha1616 tomahawk1711 stocking1762 out1899 to knock out1903 1899 Daily News 11 Sept. 7/3 ‘Come on lads, shall we out him?’ Immediately after Nash rushed at the constable and struck him a heavy blow on the back of the head. 1900 G. R. Sims In London's Heart xlviii. 294 He glanced contemptuously at the prostate form of his accomplice. ‘Looks like I've outed him,’ he said. ‘Good job if I have—he'll never blab again.’ 1913 E. C. Bentley Trent's Last Case ii. 27 The body not being robbed looks interesting, but he may have been outed by some wretched tramp. 1927 E. Wallace Feathered Serpent xviii. 229 I've heard fellers in Dartmoor say that if ever they got the chance they'd ‘out’ him. f. transitive. Cricket. To dismiss (a batter). Now usually Caribbean. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > dismissal of batsman > put out [verb (transitive)] to put out1735 take1828 to get out1833 remove1843 to send back1870 dismiss1875 out1899 get1901 1899 Captain 1 517/1 Never forget that there are other ways of outing a man besides clean bowling him. 1906 Daily Tel. 23 Aug. 9/7 Myers went in, but was almost immediately ‘outed’ under singular circumstances. 1933 A. G. Macdonell England, their England vii. 115 A Worcestershire bowler, by name Root..had outed the tough nuts of the County Palatine by placing all his fieldsmen on the leg-side and bowling what are technically known as ‘in-swingers’. 1996 in R. Allsopp Dict. Caribbean Eng. Usage 420/1 That pitch was so damned slow that fast bowling could hardly out anybody. g. transitive. In the works of John Galsworthy: to dishonour or disgrace (a woman). In passive in quots. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > deprive of chastity [verb (transitive)] > a woman forliec1275 defoulc1290 dishonour1393 defilea1400 file?a1400 spilla1400 foilc1440 diviciatec1470 foul?1473 fulyie1505 vitiate1547 dishonest1565 fray1567 out1922 1922 J. Galsworthy Windows ii. 71 I'll bet you've never realized the life girls who get outed lead. a1933 J. Galsworthy End of Chapter (1934) i. xxi. 169 I don't want to see you outed, any more than I want Kit to lose Lippinghall. 2. a. transitive. To reveal, disclose, or exhibit; to divulge; to speak out or utter. Formerly (Scottish) spec.: †to vent (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > give expression to sayOE talkc1275 soundc1386 outc1390 shedc1420 utterc1445 conveya1568 discharge1586 vent1602 dicta1605 frame1608 voice1612 pass?1614 language1628 ventilate1637 to give venta1640 vend1657 clothe1671 to take out1692 to give mouth to1825 verbalize1840 to let out1853 vocalize1872 society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] unwryc825 unhelec1000 to draw forthc1175 unhillc1200 to bring forth?c1225 unsteekc1250 let witc1275 uncovera1300 wraya1300 knowc1300 barea1325 shrivec1374 unwrapc1374 again-covera1382 nakena1382 outc1390 tellc1390 disclosea1393 cough1393 unhidea1400 unclosec1400 unhaspc1400 bewrayc1405 reveal1409 accusea1413 reveil1424 unlocka1425 unrekec1425 disclude?1440 uncurec1440 utter1444 detect1447 break1463 expose1483 divinec1500 revelate1514 to bring (also put) to light1526 decipher1529 rake1547 rip1549 unshadow1550 to lay to sight1563 uppen1565 unlace1567 unvisor?1571 resign1572 uncloak1574 disshroud1577 spill1577 reap1578 unrip1579 scour1585 unharboura1586 unmask1586 uncase1587 descrya1591 unclasp?1592 unrive1592 discover1594 unburden1594 untomb1594 unhusk1596 dismask1598 to open upc1600 untruss1600 divulge1602 unshale1606 unbrace1607 unveil1609 rave1610 disveil1611 unface1611 unsecret1612 unvizard1620 to open up1624 uncurtain1628 unscreen1628 unbare1630 disenvelop1632 unclothe1632 to lay forth1633 unshroud1633 unmuffle1637 midwife1638 dissecret1640 unseal1640 unmantle1643 to fetch out1644 undisguise1655 disvelop1658 decorticate1660 clash1667 exert1692 disinter1711 to up with1715 unbundlea1739 develop1741 disembosom1745 to open out1814 to let out1833 unsack1846 uncrown1849 to bring (out) in (also into) the open1861 unfrock1866 disbosom1868 to blow the lid off1928 flush1950 surface1955 to take or pull the wraps off1964 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] outc1390 issue1442 to put forth1540 dischargea1576 c1390 (?c1350) St. Euphrosyne 428 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 179 God wol not outen hire. c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 530 Þi counseil is outet openliche. c1395 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale 834 Who so that listeth outen his folie, Lat hym come forth and lerne multiplie. ?c1425 T. Hoccleve Jonathas (Durh.) l. 43 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 217 Til he of wommen oute wordes wikke. a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 1907 Oute thyn art if þou canst craftily. 1591–2 Rob Stene's Dream (1836) 3 His bryd..Had littil than to owt hir pryd. a1658 J. Durham Law Unsealed (1676) 265 This one inventeth a lye..another venteth and outeth it. 1838 J. Hogg Tales & Sketches (1866) 363 The fine flavour..soon outed the secret. 1974 S. Middleton Holiday vi. 77 As soon as she'd outed the words, she began to cry. b. intransitive. To be discovered, become widely known, come out. Chiefly English regional (north-eastern). ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or make revelations [verb (intransitive)] > be disclosed or revealed to come to (also in, on) (the) lightOE sutelea1000 kitheOE unfoldc1350 disclosea1513 burst1542 to break up1584 to take vent1611 vent1622 bleed1645 emerge1664 to get (also have) vent1668 to get or take wind1668 to stand (appear) confessed1708 eclat1736 perspire1748 transpire1748 to come out1751 develop1805 unroll1807 spunk1808 effloresce1834 to come to the front1871 to show up1879 out1894 evolve1920 to come or crawl out of the woodwork1964 1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words at Outed ‘It suin outed’—became commonly known. 1905 E. Phillpotts Secret Woman i. ix. 87 Yet it outed as she'd said ‘no’ to him. †3. transitive. To set out (for sale, disposal, etc.); to sell. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > offer or action of offering > offer [verb (transitive)] > offer by exposure outc1395 c1395 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 521 With daunger oute [v.r. owten] we al oure chaffare. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 2408 (MED) I wold have..outid all yeur chaffare without gruch. 1572 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxiii. 343 Quhilks for to out with dowbill met and mesure. 1637 S. Rutherford Let. in Joshua Redivivus (1671) 55 A calling..to out Christ, and his wares, to countrey buyers. c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 101 This Farquhar outit his myttie meill upone the honest people of the toun at ane heighe price. 4. intransitive. To go out, esp. on a pleasure excursion. Also transitive with it. Cf. outing n. Chiefly colloquial (now rare).In quot. 1653: to sail out from harbour. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] > make short journey or excursion, esp. for pleasure to go abroadc1400 to make an errandc1400 to look out1551 jaunt1647 out1653 trip1664 to make or take a step1670 to step up1758 run1759 excursion1792 excursionize1866 tripper1959 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > go or come out [verb (intransitive)] outgoeOE to come outOE forthcomeOE to go outOE to go outOE ishc1330 to take forth one's way (also journey, road, etc.)a1375 proceedc1380 getc1390 exorta1400 issue?a1400 precedec1425 purgea1430 to come forthc1449 suea1450 ushc1475 to call one's way (also course)1488 to turn outa1500 void1558 redound1565 egress1578 outpacea1596 result1598 pursue1651 out1653 pop1770 to get out1835 progress1851 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > outing or excursion > make outing or excursion [verb (intransitive)] junket1607 out1653 trip1664 excursion1792 excursionize1866 tripper1959 1653 Mercurius Politicus No. 148. 2369 Its conceived they will out immediately, and both together make between 40. and 50. sail. 1846 Peter Parley's Ann. 65 The sun is shining, And nought confining Pedestrians from ‘outing’. 1878 R. L. Stevenson Inland Voy. 191 We met dozens of pleasure-boats outing it for the afternoon. 1894 A. Conan Doyle Mem. Sherlock Holmes 33 With that he ups and he outs. 1981 C. Bly Lett. from Country viii. 48 A farmer drives his heated pickup over to the neighbor's farmyard, and waits for his friend to out and join him in the cab. 5. a. intransitive. colloquial and regional. to out with: to fetch, draw, or bring out; spec. to come out with, utter (cf. sense 2a). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] speakc825 queatheOE forthdoc900 i-seggenc900 sayeOE speak971 meleOE quidOE spella1000 forthbringc1000 givec1175 warpa1225 mootc1225 i-schirea1250 upbringa1250 outsay?c1250 spilec1275 talec1275 wisea1300 crackc1315 nevena1325 cast1330 rehearsec1330 roundc1330 spend1362 carpa1375 sermona1382 to speak outc1384 usea1387 minc1390 pronouncea1393 lancec1400 mellc1400 nurnc1400 slingc1400 tellc1400 wordc1400 yelpc1400 worka1425 utterc1444 outspeakc1449 yielda1450 arecchec1460 roose?a1475 cutc1525 to come forth with1532 bubble1536 prolate1542 report1548 prolocute1570 bespeak1579 wield1581 upbraid1587 up with (also mid) ——1594 name1595 upbrayc1600 discoursea1616 tonguea1616 to bring out1665 voice1665 emit1753 lip1789 to out with1802 pitch1811 go1836 to open one's head1843 vocabulize1861 shoot1915 verbal1920 be1982 society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (passive)] to out with1802 1802 R. L. Edgeworth & M. Edgeworth Ess. Irish Bulls x. 130 I out's with my bread-earner. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 34 And Hodge..Outs with his pence the pleasing song to buy. 1833 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 33 693 He outs carelessly with another duodecimo. 1871 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David II. Ps. xli. 6 He is no sooner out of the house than he outs with his lie. 1896 G. B. Shaw Let. 11 Feb. (1965) I. 596 There is something fundamentally unfriendly in having a grievance and not outing with it. 1938 D. Runyon Take it Easy 232 Any one of them figures to out with the old equalizer and plug Don Pep'. 1942 W. Faulkner Go down, Moses & Other Stories 167 The negro he was shooting at outed with a dollar-and-a-half mail-order pistol..only it never went off. 1975 Bookseller 17 May 2540/1 McCarry outed with: ‘My Hear My Prayer was very sweet.’ b. transitive. To take out; to draw. Cf. out adv. 4d. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > bring out outbringeOE forthbringc1000 upbringa1250 forthbearc1305 to lug out1723 out1907 1907 Daily Chron. 26 Aug. 3/3 O who will out the dinghy and volunteer a tow? 1930 Strand Mag. May 344/1 The Major then outed his jack-knife. 6. a. transitive. colloquial (originally U.S.). To expose the undeclared homosexuality of (esp. a prominent or public figure). Also reflexive and intransitive with reflexive meaning. Cf. to come out at come v. Phrasal verbs 1. ΚΠ 1990 Time 29 Jan. 67/2 While the idea of outing a fellow gay used to be considered repellent under any circumstances, the tactic has become increasingly acceptable to mainstream homosexual leaders. 1990 Guardian 30 Apr. 21/8 If society were not so prejudiced against homosexuals, there would be no closets to be outed from, no resulting sensations. 1991 Los Angeles Times 14 June (Valley ed.) b7/1 ‘After I outed,’ he said—using a popular gay term for proclaiming one's homosexuality—‘they immediately became extremely negative.’ 1993 J. Green It: Sex since Sixties 145 I feel I want to out people when they're saying things that are very destructive for people whose experience of life doesn't conform with the norm—whether sexuality or whatever. 1994 Wanderer 11 Aug. 4/3 Now in an openly lesbian relationship.., Norma has outed herself. 1996 Week 14 Dec. 17/1 The novelist Henry James was ‘outed’ as an active homosexual in a new biography. 2000 S. McKay Northern Protestants 32 He had a heart attack, apparently after British gay rights militant Peter Tatchell threated to ‘out’ a number of MPs. b. transitive. In extended use: to disclose private, often controversial or damaging information about (a person, institution, etc.); to expose, to reveal publicly. Also reflexive. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] > the true character or identity of utter1526 wray1576 convince1583 strip1619 dispersonate1624 convict1717 to show up1821 out1990 1990 Newsday (N.Y.) 3 Aug. ii. 3 The Oral Majority is outing Helms' other corporate contributors. 1991 Daily Tel. 28 Aug. 17/5 At his 80th birthday party, he officially ‘outed’ himself as a member of the Communist party for 50 years. 1993 Rolling Stone 14 Oct. 61/2 Patients were brazenly stalked and ‘outed’—their names emblazoned on picket signs. 2002 Total Film Mar. 28/1 She threatened to out him as father of her child. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). outadv.int.prep. Brit. /aʊt/, U.S. /aʊt/ Forms: Old English (early Middle English Ormulum) utt, Old English–early Middle English (Middle English northern) ut, Old English–early Middle English (Middle English northern) ute, Old English–early Middle English (Middle English northern) vt, Old English–early Middle English (Middle English northern) vte, early Middle English houte, early Middle English hut, early Middle English ouht, early Middle English uth, early Middle English wt, Middle English at, Middle English houȝt, Middle English hout, Middle English howȝte, Middle English howt, Middle English oȝt, Middle English ouȝt, Middle English ouȝte, Middle English ovt, Middle English owȝte, Middle English owȝth, Middle English uot, Middle English–1500s owȝt, Middle English–1500s owtt, Middle English–1500s owtte, Middle English–1600s ought, Middle English–1600s oute, Middle English–1600s owt, Middle English–1600s owte, Middle English– out, 1500s owit, 1600s outt; English regional 1700s– oot (chiefly northern), 1800s– aat (Lancashire), 1800s– aght (northern), 1800s– aht (Yorkshire), 1800s– awt (northern), 1800s– eaut (Lancashire), 1800s– eawt (Lancashire), 2000s– owt; U.S. regional 1800s eout (New England), 1800s– aout (chiefly New England), 1900s– ert (chiefly in African-American usage), 1900s– oot (Virginia); Scottish pre-1700 hute, pre-1700 ouit, pre-1700 ouitt, pre-1700 oute, pre-1700 outt, pre-1700 outte, pre-1700 ovit, pre-1700 owt, pre-1700 owte, pre-1700 owtt, pre-1700 owtte, pre-1700 ute- (in compounds), pre-1700 wt, pre-1700 1700s– out, pre-1700 (1900s– Shetland, in compounds) ut, 1700s– oot, 1800s aut (Orkney and Shetland); also Irish English 1800s outh (Wexford), 1800s udh (Wexford), 1800s ut (Wexford), 1900s– oot. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: A merging of two distinct words, Old English ūt and ūte (apparently already confused in Old English). (i) Old English ūt is cognate with Old Frisian ūt , Middle Dutch ute , uut (Dutch uit ), Old Saxon ūt (Middle Low German ūt , Low German ut ), Old High German ūz (Middle High German ūz , German aus ), Old Icelandic út , Old Swedish ut (Swedish ut ), Old Danish ud (Danish ud ), Gothic ut < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit ud- (prefix) up, out. Originally only an adverb, but in Old High German sometimes, in Middle High German more often, and in German, Dutch, Frisian regularly, a preposition also. (ii) Old English ūte is cognate with Old Frisian ūte , Old Saxon ūta , ūte , Old High German ūze , ūzze , Old Icelandic úti , Swedish ute , Danish ude , Gothic ūta (translating ancient Greek ἔξω outside) < the Germanic base of out adv., int., and prep. + a Germanic adverbial suffix; for a parallel formation with different suffixation compare outen adv. These two forms became merged in later Middle English.Some Middle English examples with final -e (especially in Branch A. II.) could represent variants of outen adv. with loss of final -n . Out is used idiomatically with many verbs. to bear out : see bear v.¹ Phrasal verbs 1. to clean out : see clean v. 4. to clear out : see to clear out at clear v. Phrasal verbs. to dole out : see dole v.¹ 2. to draw out : see to draw out at draw v. Phrasal verbs 1. to eke out : see eke v. 3. to face out : see face v. Phrases 1. to fill out : see to fill out at fill v. Phrasal verbs. to open out : see open v. Phrasal verbs. to plan out : see plan v. 3a. to point out : see point v.¹ 3. to set out : see to set out at set v.¹ Phrasal verbs 2. to shut out : see to shut out at shut v. Phrasal verbs. to sketch out : see sketch v. 1b. to spin out : see to spin out at spin v. Phrasal verbs 1. to tread out : see tread v. 13a. to write out : see to write out at write v. Phrasal verbs. Use as interjection. With use as interjection compare sense A. 4a. Use as preposition. Although several Germanic cognates are frequently used as prepositions, in English such use is exceptional, and felt as elliptical. The prepositional sense, which resembles classical Latin ex , ancient Greek ἐξ , ἐκ , is in English and some other Germanic languages regularly expressed by adding of prep., or its appropriate cognate (see out of prep.). A. adv. I. Senses relating to motion or direction. * Expressing actual movement. 1. a. Away from a central or inner point, or from a point of origin; in an outward direction.Said, e.g., of an item being brought from a pocket, bag, etc., or of a weapon being drawn from its holder. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > [adverb] > away from some thing or place awayeOE outeOE frowardOE offOE yondwardc1275 yonwarda1387 waywardsc1390 fromwarda1547 offward1582 fromwardsa1661 orf1845 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > [adverb] outwardseOE outeOE outwardOE the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in outward direction or directed outwards > towards exterior outwardseOE outeOE outwardOE outwardly1562 outerly1681 outside1837 withoutwards1865 eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) i. i. 9 Seo ea Danai..wið eastan ut on þa sæ floweð þe mon hętt Euxinus. eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. viii. 180 Þa flugon heo forhte ut. eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) xxxv. 100 Ic ne mæg ut aredian. eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. xxvii. 222 Ateon ut þa horhetan wætan. OE Genesis B 415 Þæt he up heonan ute mihte cuman þurh þas clustro. OE Homily (Bodl. 340) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) Þa Petrus ut abræd his sweord and sloh Melchus þone þeow. ?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1140 Me sculde leten ut þe king of prisun for þe eorl. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 47 (MED) Hie ne com nauwer ute. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 13243 Sone his sweord he ut abræid. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3025 Moyses askes up-nam, And warpes vt til heuene-ward. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 150 (MED) Þes yefþe..bestrepþ and kest out [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues casteþ out; Fr. giete hors] þe rote and þe zenne of ire. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. viii. 12 The sonys of the rewme shulen be cast out in to vttremest [a1425 L.V.v.r. outmere] derknessis. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 993 (MED) Out es put sua wreched adam Of paradis. c1450 Mandeville's Trav. (Coventry) (1973) 1936 There springeth out a fair welle. a1475 Bk. Hawking (Harl. 2340) in Studia Neophilol. (1944) 16 21 Take þe castynge and wryng it oute in a bason..of clere water. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 352 The blud owt at thar byrnys brest. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Exod. x. 6 And he turned him, & wente out from Pharao. 1551 Bible (Matthew's) Matt. viii. 12 The children of the kyngedome shalbe caste oute into vtter darcknes. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. I. vii. 185 None so hardy to looke out into the streetes. 1580 T. Blundeville Foure Offices Horsemanship (rev. ed.) iv. 68 b You may pull it out with a paire of nippers. 1637 J. Shirley Gamester iv I'll pour it out. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 39 I immediately order'd a Boat out. 1792 Ann. Reg. 1789 Hist. Europe 18/1 Some conciliatory expressions were, indeed, thrown out towards the close of the speech. 1854 E. B. Hamley in A. I. Shand Life E. B. Hamley (1895) I. iv. 74 General Adams' horse struck out and kicked me on the shin. 1881 Church Times 1 July 437 The evil spirit of Liberationism will be for ever cast out. 1930 C. Dixon Parachuting 53 He will then pull out the parachute ring..which will open the pack to let the parachute fly out. 1991 R. Doyle Van (1992) 129 She showed him..how to always peel out, away from your body, so you don't stab yourself. b. From inside a building to outside; into the open air, or the world at large. (a) Generally.out on one's ear: see ear n.¹ Phrases 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb] > out of doors outOE without doorc1275 thereoutc1325 abroad?c1335 out at door (also doors)c1386 out of doors1530 thereforthc1540 forth adoors1607 forth of door(s1607 without doors1617 al fresco1717 outdoorsa1729 out-by1753 the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > [adverb] > in the open air or outdoors > into the open air outOE OE West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) xviii. 29 Þa eode pilatus ut to him. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 9861 And ut wenden [c1300 Otho hout eode] bi-nihte. c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 1192 Seue ȝer was Estrild in þisse erþhuse, þat neuere ne verde ȝe hut at þe dore. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 3068 Bi a priue posterne passad ouȝt er daie. 1474 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 15 (MED) Item: in bearyng owte of a scaffold owte of the churche, ij d. 1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle iv. ii. sig. Diii Go softly..sir John, Here will I waite vpon you, tyl you come out anone. a1668 J. Renwick Choice Coll. Serm. (1776) 299 What ails our lairds that they come not out to hear the gospel preached? 1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 23/1 If he had been so ill as not to be able to come out. 1811 C. Lamb Edax on Appetite in Ess. (1835) 344 I endeavour to make up by a damper, as I call it, at home, before I go out. 1877 A. Trollope Amer. Senator I. i. 7 He..is not much thought of..except by those who go out with the hounds. 1886 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge II. vii. 99 It was still early in the evening when she hastily put on her things and went out. 1969 E. Welty Optimist's Daughter (1978) iii. iii. 153 She saw him out..then shut the door on him fast. 1981 Encounter Apr. 3/1 When he reached the house, he gave a long whistle and out Crispin came. (b) From indoors to a public place for purposes of pleasure or entertainment. (In quot. 1932, spec.: so as to go hunting.) ΚΠ 1652 C. Cotterell tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Cassandra i. ii. 37 She would have absolutely discovered her self, if Prince Artaxerxes..had not come to take her out to daunce; or if when he brought her back to her place, he had not sate discoursing with them all the rest of that Evening. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. iv. 71 Her Governess frequently took her out to see the Town or go among the Shops. 1788 E. Inchbald Such Things Are iii. i. 37 Do you mean to take him out to dinner with us? 1811 J. Austen Let. 29 May (1995) 187 M^rs Welby takes her out airing in her Barouche. 1827 A. Moore Let. in N. E. Eliason Tarheel Talk (1956) 303 [He] has requested to let him have the supreme pleasure of walking out with her. 1926 B. Ruck Her Pirate Partner xvi. 209 So, for all they keep you so close, you go out as you like, evenings! 1932 R. Lehmann Invit. Waltz iii. v. 209 ‘Were you out today?’ ‘Oh yes.’.. ‘Um. Going out on Saturday?’ 1950 Sun (Baltimore) 31 Oct. 12/1 So let the kids go out tonight and have a grand time with their masquerading and trick-or-treating. 2000 J. Goodwin Danny Boy v. 117 He likes..going out with his mates, getting loaded and having a ruck on a Saturday night. (c) From a place of work, as part of a strike or political protest.to call out: see to call out 6 at call v. Phrasal verbs 1. to come out: see to come out 2c at come v. Phrasal verbs 1. to walk out: see to go out 2g at go v. Phrasal verbs 1. ΚΠ 1889 Daily Tel. 3 Dec. 5/5 He had the promises of 300 to come out ‘in sympathy’ when the time came for quitting work. 1957 Screen Printer & Display Producer July 1/1 It was never the intention of the Union to call all its members out. 1974 L. Niven & J. Pournelle Mote in God's Eye (1975) ii. xxiv. 226 When a city has grown so overlarge and crowded that it is in immediate danger of collapse..then it is that Crazy Eddie leads the movers of garbage out on strike for better working conditions. c. From within one's home or habitation on an expedition, into exile or wandering, etc.; from home or civilian life to a war or field of battle; spec. to either of the Jacobite risings in Scotland in 1715 and 1745, or to the battlefields in France and Belgium in the First World War (1914–18). Also in weakened use: †to a duel (obsolete); outside for a fight. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > [adverb] > from a place of residence or sojourn forthc1000 out1600 OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) vii. 4 Ic asende mine hand ofer Egypta land & ut alæde minne here & min folc, Israhela bearn, of Egypta lande þurh þa mæstan wundru. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1045 On ðam ilcan geare ferde Swegen eorl ut to Baldewines lande to Brycge. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 764 Ut in-to egipte lond. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Mat. (Douce 369(2)) xi. 7 What thing wenten ȝe out for to see? a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 251 Þey [sc.proletarii] were i-constreyned for to goo out [L. exire] of skarsnesse of knyȝtes. a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) 54 (MED) Þai drevyn þe Brytones houȝt Fro herre owne habitacyone in þis lond. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) (G10) 731/26 He put hir owȝte..fro all þe Empyr. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iii. ii. 114 There are other men fitter to go out then I. View more context for this quotation 1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 24 His life being wholly spent at home, saving when he went out in military service. c1712 Song of Rid Square in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1934) I. 91 The rutherfoords with grit renown Convoyed the town of Iedbrugh out. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. at Go To go out, is likewise frequently used to signify the art of fighting a duel. ?1856 F. E. Smedley Harry Coverdale's Courtship iii. 15 If he feels aggrieved, he can have you out (not that I admire duelling). 1869 Ld. Tennyson Holy Grail 719 Those that had gone out upon the Quest. 1870 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (ed. 18) vi. 228 One of the lairds..proposed to go out, on the occasion of one of the risings for the Stuarts. 1895 ‘S. Tytler’ Macdonald Lass viii The rest of their branch of the clan had gone ‘out’ with the Prince in the recent rebellion. 1917 W. J. Locke Red Planet viii. 93 We had news..that we should be sent out quite soon, and that has bucked us up enormously. 1936 S. Sassoon Sherston's Progress ii. i. 98 She had hoped and prayed that I might get a home-service job; but now she just accepted the fact that I'd got to go out again. d. From among others (of similar kind), through a process of selection, distinction, etc. See also choose v. 11 and to pick out 2 at pick v.¹ Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adverb] > individually (not collectively) > from amongst others outc1325 c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2415 Þe stalworþest me ssal, bi choys..Chese out. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ii. 276 (MED) Ek of the yonge out trie, Oon heer, oon theer. ?1536 tr. Erasmus Serm. Chylde Jesus ii. sig. A.vii The aungels appoynted out to protecte and defende vs. 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxvii. 149 Choise is a great prince,..and culs owt the best. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. i. 2 The signall Oak..was such a one, on which Misletoe did grow; by which privie token, they conceived, God marked it out. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 187 They will sort out the good from the evil. View more context for this quotation 1866 G. O. Trevelyan in Macmillan's Mag. Mar. 416 Magistrates would choose out the most active and fierce of the young citizens. 1897 Daily News 25 May 8/1 The unfit were gradually weeded out and sent rearwards. 1953 L. Paul Sir T. More ii. 30 Erasmus relates that often after a common meal a schoolmaster would pick out a boy and hand him over for punishment to a bircher. 1990 S. Jamba Patriots (1992) xxi. 182 They felt that they had been singled out as the weaklings of the group. e. From among surroundings (esp. which hide or obscure), through a process of discovery or identification. See also point v.¹ 3, to search out 2 at search v. Phrasal verbs, seek v. 1b. ΚΠ ?c1430 J. Lydgate Daunce Machabree (Huntington) 291 I can..yn the sterres serche owte no defence Be domefyinge nor calculacioun. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lament. iii. 52 Myne enemies hunted me out sharpely like a byrde. 1636 T. Heywood Challenge for Beautie v. sig. H4 Helle. 'Mongst all these Courtiers, point me out the man? Maid. That Picke-devant that elbowes next the Queene. 1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry i. 4 Roots must search out and fetch themselves all the Pabulum of a Plant. 1789 D. Davidson Thoughts Seasons 43 High on the sklentin skew, or thatched eave, The sparrow..Seeks out a dwelling-place. 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xxviii. 251 Mrs. Jarley..formally invested her with a willow wand, long used by herself for pointing out the characters. 1908 Daily Chron. 18 Aug. 7/1 They search out the secret places of past grandeur, la-la-ing as they issue from court and passage. 1993 Music Technol. May 27/1 Step editing allows you to seek out and destroy single bum notes. f. From one's possession, control or occupation into the hands of another.Usually in set combinations with particular verbs: see hire v. 3a, to lay out 3 at lay v.¹ Phrasal verbs, to let out 6 at let v.¹ Phrasal verbs, to put out 10 at put v. Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > [adverb] > into the hands of another up1132 out1443 1443 in B. Marsh Rec. Worshipful Company Carpenters (1914) II. 9 (MED) Pamentys payed owt aȝene be sayde wardens John Wysse, [etc.]. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxi. f. xxx There was a certayne housohlder [sic] whych set a vyneyarde..and lett it out to husbandmen. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cclij^v Howe they had..geuen out their monie for interest. 1589 G. Fletcher in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 80 That no man should hier owt horse or boat to anie Englishman. 1609 T. Dekker Guls Horne-bk. sig. E2 He shall..put out money vpon his returne. 1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World Introd. p. iii I was willing to get up some money before my return, having laid out what I had at Jamaica. 1765 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 70/1 Letting out two-penny lodgings. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia V. ix. x. 193 I mean to put my whole estate out to nurse. 1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany v. 59 A girl who let out chairs for hire. 1883 Cent. Mag. Aug. 528/2 These Carmel Mission lands having been rented out, by their present owner, in great dairy farms. 1925 J. G. Bruce in E. F. Norton et al. Fight for Everest: 1924 343 It is asking for trouble to give out any money except the daily ration allowance. 1994 N.Y. Times 14 Aug. iii. 1/1 A member could work one or two of those sessions, and lease out the right to trade in the others. g. From a store, fund, or stock divided for distribution among a number of recipients. Frequently with to, among, between.Usually in set combinations with particular verbs: see deal v. 4b, parcel v. 1, portion v. 1 and share v.² 3a(b). ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > [adverb] out1535 distributively1626 dispensinglya1641 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Sam. vi. 19 He..dealte out vnto all the people..vnto euery one a cake of bred. 1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie xcii. 570 Men are alwayes giuen to cantle out the poore folkes morsels as short as can be. 1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie ii. sig. Dd4 The great Empire of his Father was parcelled out into many members. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 210 Some strip the Skin, some portion out the Spoil. 1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World II. 187 The officers appointed to dole out public charity. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 45 Large districts or parcels of land were..dealt out again in smaller parcels or allotments to the inferior officers. 1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxvii. 91 Our guns were loaded..cartridges served out, matches lighted. 1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) II. vii. 51 England was now portioned out among a few Earls. 1910 Encycl. Brit. VII. 634/2 The livery cupboard..was often used in churches to contain the loaves of bread doled out to poor persons. 1946 E. O'Neill Iceman Cometh i. 73 De booze dey dish out around de Brooklyn Navy Yard. 1994 Diabetes Forecast May 32/3 They parcel out their child's needs between them, and include extended family if they are available and capable. h. So as to cause departure, expulsion, or exclusion. See also crowd v.¹ 8, drum v.¹ 4b, smoke v. 6b. ΚΠ 1652 D. Osborne Lett. (1888) 30 'Tis very possible the next new experiment may crowd me out again. 1766 T. Amory Life John Buncle II. x. 372 They..ought to be drummed out of society. 1819 W. Faux Jrnl. 16 Oct. in Memorable Days Amer. (1823) 316 When the English first came to Evansville settlement, these Rowdey labourers had nearly scared them out. 1844 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit xxxviii. 447 I'll play Old Gooseberry with the office, and make you glad to buy me out at a good high figure. 1874 J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl Shooting 142 We probably won't scare out any very large batches of ducks. 1975 Times 4 Sept. 2/1 In an effort to price out [football] hooligans..most Saturday concessionary fares are being ended. 1994 Canad. Workshop Aug. 19/2 (caption) It seemed a logical step for them to buy out the manufacturer and move the business. †i. Of the water in a river: beyond the banks. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [adverb] > beyond banks out1854 1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 i. 221 A good rain is sure to send the waters out. 2. Away from an accustomed place. a. From the land, into the sea or ocean. ΚΠ eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 882 Þy ilcan geare for Ælfred cyning mid scipum ut on sæ & gefeaht wiþ feower sciphlæstas deniscra monna. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1101 Se cyng syddan scipa ut on sæ sende. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 558 Heo wenden vt i wide sæ. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 176 Wherefore go þei not out on the see syde for to go where þat hem lyketh? 1557 in R. G. Marsden Sel. Pleas Court Admiralty (1897) II. 31 Another shippe of warre..furnished manned and victualyd and sett out to the seas by Walter Rawleighe. 1615 in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1920) III. 185 The rebellis wshit owt in a boat. 1672 C. Manners in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 25 Our Navy puts out again to sea stronger than at first. 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 156 Tho' they immediately let go the Sheet-Anchor, and veer'd almost two Cables on it, yet they drove out to Sea. 1763 Philos. Trans. 1762 (Royal Soc.) 52 452 The stream..had hoisted us far out into the ocean. 1838 E. A. Poe Narr. A. G. Pym in Wks. (1864) IV. 15 We..kept full, and started boldly out to sea. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 131 They are carried by the river right out to sea. 1958 ‘N. Shute’ Rainbow & Rose ii. 57 I..flew out to sea..on the reciprocal course, and then turned in again and flew towards the coast on 110°. 1991 P. Sweeney Virgin Directory World Music 242 Families were split up, put on to different boats and shoved out into the Atlantic. b. From one's home or usual location to a distant place; to a colony or overseas territory. Also, of the mail: leaving the area; of a train, coach, steamer, etc.: outward-bound. Cf. in adv. 10d. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > riding in a vehicle > [adverb] > of coach, etc.: going out, departing out1651 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxiv. 131 Those we call Plantations, or Colonies..are numbers of men sent out from the Common-wealth..to inhabit a Forraign Country. 1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 134 Let us take a walk in the Fields a little out from the Houses. 1850 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 17 466/1 An offer..to go out to Australia. 1856 ‘A. Clergyman’ Three Years on Kansas Border 93 Never mind, there will be a train out from the Fort to day or to-morrow. 1902 J. Conrad Typhoon i. 5 We had very fine weather on our passage out. 1911 R. Brooke Let. Jan. (1968) 269 Your letter arrived by the last post in last night, and I..didn't get back in time to catch the last post out. 1942 H. H. Peck Mem. of Stockman 44 He brought his whole family..out from the Old Country. 1987 R. Ingalls End of Trag. 44 I wanted to be a painter, so I just jumped on the first train out. 1989 Weekly News (Glasgow) 27 May 3/2 I will be flying out shortly. 1990 D. McIntosh Visits 14 The first train out in the morning going my way was a milk train with one passenger car. c. Golf. To or at the end of the outward half (usually the first nine holes) of a golf course (in so many strokes). Opposed to home, in. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > golf course > [adverb] out1867 1867 R. H. Smith Golfer's Year Bk. 1866 76 The lowest professional score for the year was made on the 6th of July by Tom Morris... Out..36 In..43; total, 79. 1909 Daily Chron. 7 May 8/4 Out in 36, he came home in a good 37, and made certain of a place. 1932 B. Darwin Out of Rough 266 With great bravery he got a nine to the eighteenth, and so finished in 214, 97 out and 117 home. 1969 Times 30 May 8/7 Maurice Bembridge..missed green after green and could only get out in 41. 1982 Times 5 Nov. 19/7 Out in 31, Canizares was seven under par at that stage. 3. a. From a proper, normal, or natural place or position, by a process of removal, exclusion, extraction, etc. Also in extended use.to put out: see to put out 3 at put v. Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > absence > [adverb] > away from some recognized place outeOE thencec1290 thenne1297 hencec1300 forth14.. afield1483 offward1582 therehence1611 the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [adverb] > displaced outeOE the world > space > place > removal or displacement > [adverb] > removed upc897 outeOE awayc1661 eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. v. 90 Þa sticode him mon þa eagan ut. OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 179 Effodio, ic ut adelfe. c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) 1592 (MED) A corner of otuweles scheld He gurde out amidde þe feld. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. lii. 11 Þe eȝen of sedechie he pullide out. ?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 88 With þat knyf he cuttez out a pece of his flesch. 1611 Bible (King James) Psalms lviii. 6 Breake out the great teeth of the young lyons. View more context for this quotation 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 273 [The book] was after by the Iewes altered, putting out and in at their pleasure. 1653 T. Brugis Vade Mecum (ed. 2) 144 A punch to force out a stump of a hollow tooth. 1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy III. xxiv. 131 May my brains be knock'd out with a..catapulta. 1840 W. M. Thackeray Catherine xi Mr. Wood sat near, laughing his sides out. 1885 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 4th Ser. 327/1 Push out the pillar pins, and remove the top plate. 1942 Times of India 31 Dec. 8/4 Fittings are kept to essentials and anything approaching luxury has been..cut out. 1993 R. Shell iCED 111 Lorraine used to fall off the monkey-bars and knock out her front teeth. b. From a post, office, or occupation.to turn out: see to turn out 3b(b) at turn v. Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > [adverb] > expressing removal from office out1641 1641 E. Dering Coll. Speeches on Relig. 21 June (1642) ix. sig. Div^v As one government goes out, I could see another come in, and that without an Interregnum of Commissioners. 1746 H. Walpole Let. to H. Mann 14 Feb. The triumphant party are not at all in the humour to be turned out. 1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton My Novel III. ix. iv. 27 It does not seem to me possible..that you and your party should ever go out! 1881 R. C. Praed Policy & Passion I. ix. 186 It is an absolute certainty that the Government will go out. 1972 Guardian 17 Aug. 1/4 We know 2,000 [dockers] are going to be put out in Liverpool. 1993 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 15 June a 4/5 Albertans were ready to turf the Tories out and elect a Liberal government. c. Cricket and Baseball. So as to effect a dismissal; so as to end a batter's active participation in a game or innings. ΚΠ 1752 Game at Cricket in New Universal Mag. Nov. 581/1 Though..the player is bowl'd out. 1772 Kentish Gaz. 29 Aug. Those marked thus * were off their ground; † run out; ‡ catched out; § bowled out. 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. iii. 50 Bowled out at the first ball. 1837 Globe 22 Sept. Wenman..took it very quietly, and for a length of time defied all their efforts to get him out. 1843 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 54 171 They put our men out pretty fast. Hanmer got..run out after a splendid hit. 1891 Cricket 29 Oct. 463/1 The Germantown man returned the ball like a flash to the wicket, and the ‘south-paw’ batsman was run out. 1958 Times 18 Dec. 11/4 The least athletically inclined are frequently finding themselves..bowled out. 1990 Sporting News Baseball Yearbk. Mar. 22/2 Hershiser could have thrown his glove out there on the mound and he'd get me out. 4. With main verb implied. a. As an imperative, demanding the departure or removal of someone or something: as a command with the vocative or as third-person imperative either with with and the party concerned as object, or (in recent use) following the name of that party (usually in slogans and chants used by crowds in political or sports contexts). ΚΠ OE Metrical Charm: For Sudden Stitch (Harl. 585) 17 Ut, spere, næs in, spere. c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 707 Awei, vt [c1300 Laud Henne out, a1350 Harl. go out]..fule þeof!..Wend vt of my bure. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. H4^v Out with him..let him go to plow and cart. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. i. 33 Out damned spot: out I say! View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 748 Out, out, Hyæna; these are thy wonted arts, And arts of every woman false like thee. View more context for this quotation 1786 R. Cumberland Observer III. lxiv. 30 Smoke the Jew!.. Out with Shylock. 1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. vii. 193 Out, you diminutive pint-pot, whelped of an overgrown reckoning! 1884 Ld. Tennyson Becket i. i. 33 O drunken ribaldry! Out, beast! out, bear!..begone! 1968 Times 8 July 1/7 More than 100 Pakistani students took over the Pakistan High Commission in Lowndes Square, S.W., last night... Demonstrators lined the balcony chanting and waving placards saying: ‘This building is occupied’ and ‘Ayub out’. 1977 Woman's Own 26 Mar. 31/3 Then you notice..the painted slogans in the housing estates: ‘Brits out.’ ‘Join the IRA.’ 2000 People (Electronic ed.) 19 Nov. Two goals up early on, Leicester's travelling fans taunted the Riverside faithful with chants of ‘Robson Out’. b. With with followed by a noun phrase. Originally implying physical extraction or deployment; now usually (with it) as an encouragement to speak. In later use only as an imperative; cf. out v. 5a.Similar constructions are found with away, down, in, off, on, up, etc.: see those words and with prep. 9b. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > assertion or affirmation > [phrase] > exhortation to assert or admit something out1709 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 11942 Arður ut mid his sweorde. c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) 157 Op starte a freinsche kniȝt..& anon out wiþ a knif. c1440 Prose Life Alexander (Thornton) (1913) 12 (MED) He oute wit a swerd and..slewe hym. c1465 Care of Horses (Yale Beinecke 163) f. 53 Then perysshe the skyn a-ȝen ij fynger brode be-nethe the knee and then out wyth the vayn a-ȝen and knyt it fast be-nethe the handler. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Acts 87 b They out with theyr swerdes, and cutte the ropes. ?a1610 A. Montgomerie Poems (1887) xlviii. 141 Out with ȝour boulings. 1694 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais (1737) iv. xxii. 95 Out with all your Sails. 1709 M. Prior To Young Gent. in Love 67 Our Sex will—What? out with it:—Lye. 1783 Sessions Papers Dec. 15 He out with the knife and shewed it me. 1808 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. III. 46 I should have out with one of Carlotta's harmless ‘condemn its!’. 1860 W. M. Thackeray Thorns in Cushion in Roundabout Papers in Wks. (1872) X. 36 Out with your cambric, dear ladies, and let us all whimper together. 1924 J. Galsworthy Forest i. i. 11 Out with it, Mr. Farrell. 1991 J. Connor Distortions 68 Don't look so worried. I can see you're angry, so out with it. c. With modal auxiliary. (a) To be discovered, become widely known, come out; (also) to find some means of self-expression. Now only in proverbial phrases, as murder will out, the truth will out, etc. ΚΠ ?a1300 (c1250) Prov. Hendyng (Digby) xxxvii, in Anglia (1881) 4 198 Wille þei, nille þei, out hit shal And ben ful couþ oueral. c1390 G. Chaucer Prioress's Tale 1766 Mordre wol out certeyn, it wol nat faille. a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 5356 But at þe laste it out shal. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. ii. 76 In the ende trueth will out . View more context for this quotation a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Richard II cccxlvi, in Poems (1878) 223 But it will out; for Chronicles haue made It Common Chimney talke. 1764 S. Foote Patron iii. 67 The whole secret will certainly out. 1843 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 53 232 Snobbery, like murder, will out. 1887 W. Westall Her Two Millions xxvii ‘Murder will out’. They say so, because they have no idea how often murders don't out. 1992 J. MacKenna Visiting Day in Fallen 114 Bad blood will out, isn't that what you said to your missus? 2000 M. Beaumont e 213 Auntie has it on tape so the truth will out. †(b) To get out, escape. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 2 Deep wose..in whiche þe soule styketh sumtyme so faste, þat he may noȝt out, but schulde peryssche. 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (Rom. vii. 17) An ill inmate that will not out, till the house falleth on the head of it. 1676 B. Keach Elegy Death John Norcot (single sheet) Have we not cause to think the crafty Fox, Will out abroad and prey upon the flocks. †(c) To reach a conclusion. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1544 J. Bale Brefe Chron. Syr J. Oldcastell in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I. 254 It was concluded amonge them that..processe shulde oute agaynst hym. †d. With transitive verb implied. Cf. out v. 5b. Obsolete.Forming a kind of compound phrase with the notional object, which has no determiner. ΚΠ 1803 in Naval Documents U.S. Wars Barbary Powers (U.S. Office Naval Rec.) (1941) II. 432 The Enterprize out sweeps and went ahead. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. vi. 24 Ready, at a wink or nod, to out sabre, and flourish it over the orator's head. 1857 C. Gribble in Mercantile Marine Mag. (1858) 5 3 Out top-gallant-sails and flying jib! 1891 ‘M. O'Rell’ Frenchman in Amer. 246 The Westerner may out pistol and shoot you if you annoy him. 5. a. To the full extent, to a fuller extent (in space or time).to draw out: to draw out 3a at draw v. Phrasal verbs 1, to draw out 3b at Phrasal verbs 1. to eke out: eke v. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [adverb] > expressing prolongation in space outc1275 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 12969 He droh ut his gleden. ?a1300 Iacob & Iosep (Bodl.) (1916) 7 (MED) Men loueden..Vcchen out þe gurdel & rume þe wombe. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 432 (MED) He raȝt out..Laȝt to his lufly hed, & lyft hit vp sone. a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 198 (MED) Stretche out þin hond. 1483 Act 1 Rich. III c. 8 Preamb. Clothes..ben set upon Tentours, and drawen out in Leyngh and Brede. 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique iii. f. 88^v Dulled with ouerlong drawing out of a sentence. 1596 Bp. W. Barlow tr. L. Lavater Three Christian Serm. iii. 133 Not to bee so..giuen to spending..but eeke it out to the vtmost. 1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 718 The sabbathes holding out the whole day. 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 27 The soul may be every where, where the body is stretched out. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 200 To lengthen out the period of life. 1806 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) I. 286 When every Side of any Figure is produced out, the Sum of all the Outward Angles thereby made, is equal to Four Right Angles. 1888 T. Hardy Wessex Tales I. 18 The self-invited comer..stretched out his legs and his arms with the expansiveness of a person quite at home. 1964 I. Murdoch Italian Girl i. i. 15 Then he smiled, and as the eyes almost vanished the cheeks broadened out in great wreaths of welcome. 1989 in P. van der Merwe Origins Pop. Style ix. 77 The colored people..sing for hours together, short scraps of disjointed affirmations, pledges, or prayers, lengthened out with long repetition choruses. b. So as to project or protrude beyond the general surface or limits; so as to display. See also to hold out at hold v. Phrasal verbs. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > [adverb] a-strutc1330 outc1440 a-stare1855 c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 2077 (MED) The hede [of the spear] haylede owtt behynde..Thurghe hawberke and hanche. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 354 That, as ane hyrcheoune, all his rout Gert set out speris all about. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Esther iv. B Excepte the kynge holde out the golden cepter vnto him. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxxxiiij^v So that it bossed out and frounced very stately to behold. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. v. v. §8. 694 Each of them hung out a burning Cresset vpon two poles, at the Beake-head. 1658 J. Jones tr. Ovid Invective against Ibis 67 A sharp clift shuts [= shoots] out like a woman. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) II. 160 They shoot out during the Summer many well-rooted Suckers. 1796 Hist. in Ann. Reg. 77 The French..held out language promissory of equitable conditions. 1896 Notes & Queries 22 Feb. 160/1 The room..built out to serve as a library and residence for Coleridge. 1947 W. Motley Knock on my Door 119 Behind Ma's back Ang thumbed her nose and stuck out her tongue. 1989 M. Kramer Making Sense of Wine iii. 71 All they needed to do was hang out a sign. c. colloquial (chiefly U.S. and Irish English). from here on out (formerly also from this (here, that) out): henceforth, from now on. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > from now or henceforth fortha700 heneOE henforthOE forwardOE anovenOE yetOE downwardc1175 forthwardc1175 furthermorea1300 henforthwardc1300 forne14.. henceforwardc1330 henforwardc1330 hencefortha1375 henceforthwardc1384 hencec1390 furtherwarda1400 forwardsc1400 hyneforwardc1400 henceforwardsa1425 even-forthc1425 forth on1474 henceforthon1490 hynea1500 froforth1536 hyneforth1570 downwards1584 towards1587 here-hence1592 whenceforth1658 whenceforwarda1661 onward1667 onwards1732 from here on out1867 as of now1902 1867 F. A. Buck Lett. (1930) 214 Now, I am going to try to be a Jew from this out. 1882 W. D. Howells Mod. Instance in Cent. Mag. Apr. 925/1 I'll take a back seat from this out. 1907 J. J. Horgan Great Catholic Laymen (ed. 2) i. 37 Napoleon was then at the height of his power. From that out his Empire began to decline. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 418 Mrs Marion from this out, my dear man, when you speak to me. 1941 in H. Wentworth Amer. Dial. Dict. (1944) 434/1 He has run the race and is fairly entitled to sit on the sidelines from here out. 1942 in H. Wentworth Amer. Dial. Dict. (1944) 434/1 Bob Maslow's at the controls from here on out. 1972 A. Friedman in C. B. Cox & A. E. Dyson 20th-cent. Mind. I. xii. 420 There are symbolic signs everywhere that Charlotte's and Adam's lives from here on out will be lives of protracted emptiness and captive anguish. 1987 M. Beattie Codependent No More ii. x. 104 It may not be all roses from here on out, but it doesn't have to be all thorns either. 2000 R. Green & M. Burgess Full Leather Jacket (HBO TV shooting script) 7 in Sopranos 2nd Ser. (O.E.D. Archive) Silvio. He may never walk again. Paulie. (crossing himself) Never say never. Richie. No. Say never. He's a fucking shopping cart, here on out. ** In figurative uses expressing a change in state or progress towards a result. 6. a. To the conclusion or finish; to an end, to completion, to exhaustion. (a) In general uses, emphasizing the completion of an action. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [adverb] > to the end offeOE awayOE outc1175 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1892 Marrch wass þa Neh all gan ut till ende. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 15 Biginneð anan Veni creator spiritus..& seggeð al þe imne vt. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) 14507 (MED) Bisshopes were þei þo aboute, Vchone but his twelue moneþe oute. c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 3459 Or this x ȝere go fully out. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxlj The trewes commeth oute at October nexte. 1644 W. Prynne & C. Walker True Relation Prosecution N. Fiennes 8 He procured sixe or seven successive adjournments of the day of triall..thereby to tire out the Prosecutors. 1668 W. Davenant Man's the Master v. i Perhaps, I may have patience to hear you out. 1722 J. Quincy Lexicon Physico-medicum (ed. 2) 2 When a Woman goes not her full time out with Child. 1746 London Evening-post 8 July The Match must be play'd out. 1816 J. Keats Sonnet, Grasshopper & Cricket in Poems (1817) Tired out with fun. 1886 Sir J. Stirling in Law Times Rep. 55 284/1 The case has not been tried out. 1904 L. T. Meade Love Triumphant ii. ix I must confide in you, but you seem..so terribly restless that you have not patience to hear me out. 2002 J. McGahern That they may face Rising Sun (2003) 79 I never thought they'd last out. Every year I came home expecting to find them gone. (b) In phrasal verbs with the sense ‘to bring to a conclusion by the action of the simple verb’. Frequently with it as indefinite object. Cf. to have out 2 at have v. Phrasal verbs. ΚΠ 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms lv. 23 The bloudthurstie and disceatfull shal not lyue out half their daies. 1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. sig. G.ij^v If they had meant to fight it out. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 406 If in the meane time he feast it out. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxvi. xv. 585 Fencers trying it out with unrebated swords. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) v. iii. 67 While shamefull hate sleepes out the afternoone. View more context for this quotation 1702 D. Defoe More Reformation Pref. 2 The Englishmen fairly Box it out. 1759 Ann. Reg. 1758 52 M. Conflans had two choices, either to fly, or to stand and fight it out. 1764 S. Johnson Let. 22 May (1992) I. 242 You will hardly be quite at rest till you have talked yourself out to some friend. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. xc. 247 The best thing was to let him talk himself out and reveal his own hollowness. 1970 Listener 23 July 127/3 Decided not to slug it out directly with News at Ten. 1974 J. McGahern Leavetaking ii. 85 In some country school I'd teach out my days. 1990 Hinduism (Coimbatore) 26 Jan. (heading) Concern over terrorism. Let's talk it out, DV tells people. †b. Completely, outright. See also all out adv., n., and adj. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > entirely, altogether, or completely righteOE allingOE outlyOE allOE throughoutlyc1175 allingsa1225 throughouta1225 thoroughc1225 albedenec1300 outc1300 quitelyc1330 all-whollya1375 most widelya1382 all wholea1393 all-thinga1398 algate?a1400 algatesc1405 thoroughly1442 mainly1550 outrighta1560 outrightly1642 solely1710 teetotally1832 bodaciously1833 teetotaciously1833 orl1864 c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 1954 Here names, for here schrewede ne beoth noȝt forȝute ut. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. 689 (MED) The world of Selver was begonne And that of gold was passed oute. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 409 I requyre the..that thou wolt sle me oute. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 931 Xx^ty dais owt the ost Remaynit thar. a1500 Gesta Romanorum (Gloucester) (1971) 779 (MED) Thes ij [sc. baptism and penance] fayle howȝte in many pepull. 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iv. 110 Such as bee slaine right out. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 41 Then thou was't not Out three yeeres old. View more context for this quotation 1675 E. Wilson Spadacrene Dunelmensis Pref. sig. B7 Those that know it full out as well as they must. 1812 in Examiner 7 Sept. 564/1 He must go and kill him out. c. In phrasal verbs with the sense ‘to get oneself through (a period of time, an experience) by the action of the simple verb’. Frequently with it as indefinite object. ΚΠ 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes ii, in Wks. (1557) 195/1 [He] went ouer the sea..to se flaunders, & France, and ryde out one somer in those countrees. 1533 T. More Answere Poysened Bk. iv. xi. f. ccxxiiii^v Els may he neuer make him self so sure, & face in [read it] out a this fashion. a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. A4^v Ile to the Court, and Ile prince it out. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 589 The sea was grown so rough, that the admiral was not able longer to ride it out with his gallies. 1663 J. Heath Hist. Cromwell ii. 5 He was presently removed..to Lincolns-Inne; where he might with lesse imputation..royster it out. 1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 15 Sometimes a-try, and sometimes a-hull, we busked it out. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1776 II. 84 Johnson: I was obliged to..throw myself back upon my chair, and fairly laugh it out. 1826 W. Scott Woodstock III. iii. 64 I..would willingly ruffle it out once more in the King's cause. 1840 T. Hook Fitzherbert III. xvii. 333 They tried to bravado it out. 1873 A. Trollope Eustace Diamonds II. xxxii. 78 I'd brazen it out, and let people say what they pleased. 1918 Sat. Evening Post 19 Oct. 93/1 They [sc. submarine chasers] wangle through somehow. They weather it out. 1986 T. McGuane To skin Cat (1989) 101 What I did was just sit there and tough it out. 1994 Eng. Today Oct. 21/2 He overcame a scandal in his first campaign for national office and I overcame a scandal in my first national campaign. We both just gutted it out. 7. a. So as to be heard; aloud; loudly.to cry out: see to cry out at cry v. Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > audibility > [adverb] outc1230 strongly1340 aloudc1390 in one's hearinga1425 audiently1480 audibly1564 upa1723 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [adverb] > specific outc1230 c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 221 Ȝef þer is eani word iseid þet mahte hurten heorte ne beo hit nawt iboren ut ne ibroht to oþer ancre. a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 26 (MED) Þer stont vp a ȝeolumon..ant hat out an heh þat al þe hyrt herde. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Ecclus. I. 18 Thanne crieden out the sonus of Aron. a1400 Ancrene Riwle (Pepys) (1976) 26 Þe henne whan sche haþ leide an eye, sche kakeleþ it out. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccix. 192 Men myght here ther blowyng out with hornes more than a myle. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxxxiii. 262 Speke out hyer that ye may the better be herde. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xxiv. 107 Come hether Herald..And read out this. View more context for this quotation 1681 E. Hickeringill Horrid Sin Man-catching i. 16 The little Peacocks shreame out. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 266. ⁋2 A muttering Voice, as if between Soliloquy and speaking out. 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxviii. 304 Gabriel murmured out something about its being very pretty. 1887 H. Caine Son of Hagar i. iii A solitary crow flew across the sky, and cawed out its guttural note. 1937 L. Armstrong Swing that Music vii. 77 When the boys were all swinging good and hot, I would sing out, ‘Swing it, Gate’. 1996 Calif. City Sports July 22 Coaches can motivate us to achieve a higher level by giving pep talks, yelling out lap splits, or barking out commands. b. To the knowledge of others or to public knowledge; openly, candidly. Now usually intensified by right (see right adv. Phrases 2). ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > [adverb] outa1400 notoirely1409 notorily1455 notoriouslyc1495 famously1553 by the drum1564 society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > openness or unconcealedness > [adverb] barelyc950 beforeOE openlyOE nakedly?c1225 in a person's bearda1250 opelyc1275 apertly1297 commonlya1325 opena1325 overtlyc1325 pertlya1375 plainc1380 in (also on) opena1382 in apertc1384 plainlyc1390 in open (also general) audiencea1393 aperta1400 in commonaltya1400 outa1400 without laina1400 in commonc1400 publishlyc1400 pertc1410 in publicc1429 on higha1450 in pert1453 to a person's facea1470 into heightc1480 forthward?1504 but hidel?1507 publicly1534 uncolouredly1561 roundly1563 famously1570 vulgarly1602 above board1603 round1604 displayedly1611 on (also upon) the square?1611 undisguisedly1611 broadly1624 discoveredly1659 unveiledly1661 under a person's nose1670 manifestly1711 before faces1762 publically1797 overboard1834 unashamedly1905 upfront1972 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 27293 Þe preist..noght sceu his sinnes vte. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 90 He þat schewyth out wyth his mowth..þe malyce of his herte. a1500 (a1400) Sir Eglamour (Cambr.) (1844) 57 (MED) What some ever that ye to me say, Y schalle hyt nevyr owte caste. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 173 Say it out Diggon. 1637 J. Shirley Gamester v That, if things come out, we should keep counsel. 1738 A. Pope One Thousand Seven Hundred & Thirty Eight 3 Come, come, at all I laugh He laughs, no doubt, The only diff'rence is, I dare laugh out. 1796 Ld. Nelson Let. 20 Nov. in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) II. 304 We have all of us some [damages] when the truth comes out. 1872 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. 614/1 To stand up to him and tell him right out what a fool he was. 1966 Toronto Daily Star 1 Mar. 39/1 After considerable hinting, she finally came right out and asked for the painting. 1991 N. Baker U & I ix. 173 Should I say right out how hard it was to write an acceptance speech. 8. a. From a state of quiescence into a state of activity; from a limited or closed state to a fuller or more open state. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > [adverb] outa1387 on1572 on (a) float1749 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 81 (MED) A metrere brekeþ out in þis manere in preisynge of þis citee. 1579 T. Palfreyman Baldwin's Treat. Morall Philos. (new ed.) viii. iii. f. 177 When wee doe raylingly bruste out agaynst anye man, into slaunderous and contentyous woordes. 1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 22 in Justa Edouardo King Where we..think to burst out into sudden blaze. 1692 W. Temple Mem. iii. 339 (Seager) The rebellion in Scotland broke out. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. III. lx. 295 Numberless were the extravagancies which broke out among the people. 1826 R. Southey Let. in Corr. R. Southey with C. Bowles (1881) 93 Whether the studied deference which is now assumed toward me,..will open out anything like a frank and easy intercourse time must show. 1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. viii. 518 The war that now broke out lasted seven years. 1894 Ld. Wolseley Life Marlborough II. 179 A good line of communication was soon opened out. 1991 A. Granger Season for Murder (BNC) 49 ‘I'll make coffee,’ she offered, aware that she should contribute to the peace that had broken out between them. b. Into outward expression or manifestation; into clear visibility; into blossom, flower or leaf. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > [adverb] outa1398 feelably?a1475 manifestlyc1475 livishly1530 lively1548 demonstratively1571 declaringly1583 exhibitively1611 manifestatively1649 ostensibly1762 ostensively1763 forthrightly1934 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 212 Þe leues firste brekeþ oute and spryngeþ. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxvij^v They layd the bodies out upon the bed. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxvij^v The Byshoppes Tyrrannye is there paynted out. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. ii. 249 Shine out faire sunne,..That I may see my shadow as I passe. View more context for this quotation 1642–3 Earl of Newcastle Declaration in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1721) V. 134 A Course..chalked out to me by themselves. 1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 40. 264 These..are lately furbishing up to shine out at some favourable Conjuncture. 1817 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Mariner (rev. ed.) iii, in Sibylline Leaves 15 The Sun's rim dips; the stars rush out. 1852 M. Arnold Future (ad fin.) The stars come out. 1890 M. Oliphant Kirsteen I. iii. 50 The clouds would disperse and the sun break out, and her heart would float forth upon that golden stream. 1895 ‘I. Maclaren’ For Conscience Sake in Days Auld Lang Syne ii Each spring the primroses came out below. 1973 I. Murdoch Black Prince i. 75 I'll put out some of her clothes for you. 1991 M. Kenyon Kleinberg iv. xxx. 182 The straw flowers you picked are starting to come out. 9. a. So as to be no longer alight or burning; into darkness. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [adverb] > into darkness outa1398 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > [adverb] > so as to be extinguished outa1398 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 331 For þat þe wynde schulde nouȝt blowe out þe light. ?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 31 His lawmpe gase oute. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. xcix^v When the greate fire of this discencion..was..vtterly quenched out. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxix Fyngereth the candell, putteth it out. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 5 But that the Sea..Dashes the fire out . View more context for this quotation 1679 tr. Trag. Hist. Jetzer 12 Putting out a Candle which remain'd..lighted. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 265. ¶9 A Candle goes half out in the light of the Sun. 1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 91 A sudden hurricane blew out our lights, and rocked our habitation. 1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack xxiii. 165 He snuffed it out. 1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta I. viii. 99 The lighted windows went out one by one, and all the house was in darkness. 1940 W. Faulkner Hamlet i. iii. 82 That first Snopes will turn around and stomp the fire out. 1989 K. Green Night Angel iii. 31 The first match sputtered out. b. So as to cease existing or functioning; so as to disappear from currency or common use; into extinction.to give out: see to give out 5 at give v. Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [adverb] > to nothing or into extinction outa1450 to nothing1571 a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 11^v (MED) But long sikernes of pees haþ wered out [L. aboleuit] þe vse of þis craft. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. i^v Those plowes gyue out to sodaynly, and therfore they be the worse to drawe. 1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels II. 222 He that gives out, at the last Heat, loses the Benefit of all his labours and successes in the former. 1799 R. Warner Let. 4 Sept. in Walk Western Counties (1800) 65 What with smartish work,..I began to find my legs give out. 1821 Examiner 803/2 The charge is now falsified..and decidedly going out. 1871 S. Smiles Character i. 29 The nations that are idle and luxurious..must inevitably die out. 1878 J. R. O'Flanagan Irish Bar (1879) 422 Possibly, if Davis had lived longer, the politician might have killed out the poet. 1948 K. S. Pritchard Golden Miles 118 There's..more men going out to miner's complaint, now, than there was in the old days. 1993 Home Sept. 76 (advt.) Our balanced washer..won't conk out in mid-cycle. 10. a. So as to reach a full result or solution (esp. by slow or laborious work).Usually in set combinations with particular verbs: see figure v. 15c, to find out 4 at find v. Phrasal verbs, help v. 6c, to work out 7a at work v. Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [adverb] > to a result out1534 1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Phil. ii. 12 Worke out youre awne saluacion with feare and tremblynge. a1625 J. Fletcher Chances iv. iii. 17/1 in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ccc Untill to morrow this time: we to our way, To make this doubt out, and you to your way. 1692 R. Bentley Confut. Atheism from Struct. & Origin Humane Bodies: Pt. II 7 To make out, how matter by undirected Motion could..fall..into such a curious formation of Humane Bodies. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 411. ¶7 Pleasures of the Fancy..which are worked out by Dint of Thinking. 1781 W. Cowper Charity 473 While the clerk just puzzles out the psalm. 1834 C. A. Davis Lett. J. Downing, Major iv. 41 I want you to help me figure it out. 1887 ‘L. Carroll’ Game of Logic i. §2. 25 We will work out one other Syllogism. 1905 Smart Set Oct. 17/2 ‘I'll figure it out after a while,’ he said. ‘It ain't exactly worryin' me sick yet.’ 1963 J. N. Harris Weird World Wes Beattie (1964) iii. 24 But I still want to talk to Mrs. Leduc and find out why she sent the boy up the river. 1992 N.Y. Times 19 July i. 3/1 18 percent went to the opposition Liberal Democrats, who also met today to puzzle out the reasons for the defeat. b. So as to reach a definite consequence, issue, or end result. ΚΠ 1614 Bp. J. Hall Recoll. Treat. 71 God purposed it as it is fallen out. 1649 R. Baxter Saints Everlasting Rest (new ed.) iii. i. 274 If any thing fell out amiss. 1743 W. Emerson Doctr. Fluxions 120 If its Value comes out negative it is concave in that Point. 1796 F. Burney Camilla V. ix. iv. 105 What a mere codger that lad has turned out! 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. vi. 344 I shall come out bottom of the form, as sure as eggs is eggs. 1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xiv. 130 The chronicler tells how things fell out. 1977 P. Dickinson Walking Dead i. v. 69 They decided to give it a year and see how it all panned out. 1989 T. Clancy Clear & Present Danger xiv. 305 Turns out that she always wanted a nose job. 11. a. Into public notice or public circulation; spec. (of a book, film, or other item for sale) into publication; on release; on sale to customers. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > [adverb] > by means of a book, journal, etc. out1542 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 197 For epitaphies are..not set out till the parties bee deceassed. a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 58 Not yet set out in Print. 1640–4 Ld. Finch in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 13 His Majesty..commanded Writs to issue out accordingly. 1662 H. More Coll. Several Philos. Writings (ed. 2) Pref. p. xi Before this second volume of Descartes his came out. 1752 A. Murphy Gray's Inn Jrnl. No. 1 I cannot issue out my first Performance, without feeling an extraordinary Solicitude for the Event. 1790 F. Burney Diary Feb. (1842) V. 93 I shall pity those men when the book comes out!—I would not be in their skins! 1895 Bookman Oct. 12/1 Mr. Hare's Autobiography..is apparently not to come out this season. 1928 Observer 24 June 8 The book is sent out by Constable's in a particularly attractive dust-jacket. 1994 Ticket Aug. 69 Another biggie on the Megadrive front due out this month is Streets of Rage 3. b. Of a person: into society at large; into professional life; into work or domestic service (spec. upon the stage). Now only (with reference to a debutante) in to come out 8c at come v. Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > fashionable society > [adverb] > into fashionable society out1782 1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. vi. iv. 259 She has seen nothing at all of the world, for she has never been presented yet, so she is not come out, you know: but she's to come out next year. 1804 ‘Ignotus’ Culina 222 The great object is to ‘bring the young lady out’,..in other words, to exhibit her as a show. 1849 Ld. Houghton Let. 19 May in T. W. Reid Life Ld. Houghton (1890) I. x. 433 My sister in town bringing out a young sister-in-law. 1885 J. K. Jerome On Stage 6 Here the question very naturally arose, ‘How can I get out?’ 1896 W. Cather Burglar's Christmas in S. O'Brien Willa Cather Stories (1987) 80 She is a big girl now, you know, and came out last winter. 1991 Sunday Times 8 Sept. 12/5 The 1950s were a time when upper-class girls still ‘came out’ and a good education would equip them to find a suitable husband. 12. a. With reference to dress, decoration, appearance, equipment, etc.: comprehensively, to the last detail, in a way that provides or includes everything necessary.to fit out: see fit v.¹ 11c. to kit out: see kit v.¹ 2. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > in the greatest degree or most > in or to the highest degree principallyc1390 speciallya1425 consummately1529 extremelya1533 out1555 pre-eminently1590 superlatively1596 supremely1597 supereminently1610 super-superlatively1632 ad extremum1640 highest1726 supernally1874 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. viii. 180 The women are not sette out to allure. 1637 J. Shirley Gamester 111 More..Than well could furnish out two country-weddings. a1649 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1853) II. 76 The church furnished him out, and provided a pinnace to transport him. 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 475 He..has made such a Spot of Ground of it as furnishes out a kind of Luxury for a Hermite. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 338 Is a fleet to be fitted out ? View more context for this quotation 1839 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation (1863) 157 In fitting him out for his departure. 1874 J. A. Symonds Siena in Sketches Italy & Greece 66 A procession of priests and acolytes..and little girls dressed out in white. 1904 J. A. Riis Theodore Roosevelt xiv. 344 Mrs. Cleveland when he was Governor, togged out his staff in the most gorgeous clothes. 1974 Standard Encycl. Southern Afr. X. 569/1 Larger wagons..were constructed on traditional lines but were more lavishly fitted out, sometimes..equipped with..windows, curtains and lamps. 1990 Daily Star 20 Mar. 23 We're doing the whole place out and I've just bought a new bedroom, bathroom and kitchen. 2003 Independent 21 Jan. (Review section) 9/3 They turned up..already kitted out with helmets, gas capes, chocolate rations and eyes that narrowed when they looked into the sun. b. colloquial. With intransitive verb: thoroughly, utterly; to the point of complete self-indulgence.to pig out: see pig v. 4a. to splash out: see splash v.¹ 2d. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > completely or thoroughly welleOE furtherlyc1175 through and through?1316 perfectlya1400 radically?a1425 roundly?a1425 substantiallya1425 perfectc1425 thoroughly1442 substantiallyc1449 throughlya1450 naitlyc1450 through1472 surely?a1475 cleanc1475 through stitch1573 fundamentally1587 down1616 perfectedly1692 minutely1796 homea1825 good1834 rotten1840 out1971 full on1979 1971 ‘R. Allen’ Suedehead viii, in Compl. Richard Allen (1992) I. 150 With that kind of loot he could easily afford to splash out on decent food, more top notch gear, a snazzy flat and a couple of birds. 1978 T. Gifford Glendower Legacy (1979) 73 I'm just going to pig out at home. 1989 Rhythm Dec. 18/2 I just want to do something where I can rock out again. 1993 Screamer Nov. 6/2 When we're home we jam out to Slayer and Megadeth. 2000 ‘J. Churchill’ Mulch Ado about Nothing xxx. 191 I want to put on my jammies and veg out in front of my new television. 13. From one's normal, equable, or amicable state of mind, or ordinary course of action; into confusion, anger, or disturbance of feeling.to fall out: see to fall out 2a at fall v. Phrasal verbs 1. to put out: see to put out 9 at put v. Phrasal verbs 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > [adverb] > in state of nervous excitement out1598 in a tweak1699 (all) in, all of a tremble1769 on or upon the tremble1800 on the tittup (also on tittups)1873 aflutter1886 the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > unpreparedness > [adverb] > out of practice out1598 the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > [adverb] > out of practice out1598 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 172 They do not marke me, and that bringes me out . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 243 You bring me out . View more context for this quotation 1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh iii. 110 He would not disconcert or throw me out. 1891 Murray's Mag. Apr. 551 Seeing her there acting the part of a governess..threw him out. 1943 A. Rand Fountainhead i. iii. 36 I thought I could be businesslike on my first job, but starting in a place like this…I guess it knocked me out a little. 1970 A. J. P. Taylor Let. 2 Nov. in Lett. to Eva (1991) 19 I'd rather sit down over a good meal than go to the theatre, and I get thrown out if I don't have an evening meal at a fairly regular time. II. Senses relating to position.Chiefly corresponding to senses in branch A. I., indicating the position resulting from the motion expressed in those senses. * Expressing actual position. 14. a. Expressing position or situation beyond the bounds of, or not within, a space, condition, etc.Said of an item that has been brought from a container, a weapon drawn from its holder, etc. Also expressing exclusion or separation from a company. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adverb] odd1567 out1607 eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iv. iii. 264 Þonne wæs he ute wyrcende. OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xxvi. 69 Petrus soðlice sæt ute on þam cafertune. OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. xvi. 64 Gif þonne hwylce preostas & Godes þeowas synd butan halgum hadum gesette, þa ðe hi fram wifum ahabban ne mæge, niman him wif & heora ondlyfene ut onfon. lOE Laws: Gerefa (Corpus Cambr.) iii. 453 Ge inne ge ute. ?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1140 Þe king was in prisun..Þa þe king was ute. a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 43 (MED) Ðe gastliche hierdes..sculen..stieren ðo ðe bieð in ðare woreld, and ec..ðe bieð ute. c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) 245 In þe curt & vte & elles al abute. c1300 Body & Soul (Laud Misc. 108) (1889) 25 A body on a bere lay... Þe gost was oute and scholde away. c1395 G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale 367 If any wight hadde spoke, whil he was oute, To hire of love. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxv. 190 (MED) Folwe thou me sethen þou Art Owte. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 1999 My wyt ys so thynne..That hit ys oute where hyt went ynne. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xciiij Where the Sea brake in ouer the walles, that are made to kepe it out. 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. v. 33 When the age is in, the wit is out . View more context for this quotation 1607 T. Heywood Woman Kilde with Kindnesse sig. D5 No by my faith sir, when you are togither I sit out. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. iii. 42 If I see a sword out, my finger itches to make one. View more context for this quotation 1725 E. F. Haywood Injur'd Husband 247 Du Lache had all this while his sword out too,..to take part with which ever was like to be the conqueror. a1770 J. Jortin Serm. (1771) II. iv. 72 Wee shut out so many enemies to our repose. 1843 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 54 7 My sword was already out. 1860 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem (1861) III. ci. 4 If these things are not said in parliament, they must be said out. 1907 Academy 9 Feb. 131/2 The hedge-wren..Is out in the open. 1982 G. Clarke Let. from Far Country 13 The shuttles were quick as birds in the warp of the oakwoods. In the fields the knives were out in a glint of husbandry. 1993 Coloradoan (Fort Collins) 21 Aug. a14/1 The checkbooks are out again for the mega-mergers that characterized the 1980s. b. Not indoors; not in a particular building; absent from one's home or place of work. (a) Generally. Also: (of a racehorse) exercising on the gallops (gallop n. 1c).to eat out: see to eat out 6 at eat v. Phrasal verbs. out in the cold: see cold n. Phrases 3. out to lunch: see lunch n.² 2b to sleep out: see sleep v. 1k. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > [adverb] > in the open air or outdoors outc1175 outside1653 al fresco1717 outdoorsa1729 subaerially1848 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7364 Ne birrþ þe nohht forr erþliȝ loff..Vt i þe stræte oppnenn þin hord. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1603 He lay bi luzan ut on nigt, A ston under hise heued rigt. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 5337 (MED) Þe husbande of þat house was oute. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 8 (MED) I shall not negh it while thou art oute. 1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1891) vii. 56 They feede not their sheepe with haye in winter..but let them gett their livinge out them selfes. 1737 S.-Carolina Gaz. 8 Dec. 3/1 Most of which Books have been out for several Years, still expecting the Borrowers (who have now escaped my Memory) wou'd have been so kind as return them. 1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals i. ii Did you see Sir Lucius while you was out? 1814 J. Austen Let. 9 Mar. (1995) 261 We were out great part of the morning..shopping. 1922 Notes & Queries 11 206/2 A horse is said to be ‘out’ when it is known he is ‘on the job’. 1945 E. Bowen in New Writing & Daylight Sept. 25 Three elbows rested on the high studded bridge rail, above two heads of children, out late, clambering on the trellis. 1988 A. Lurie Truth about Lorin Jones xi. 194 It's really a pretty day out. (b) Away from home in a public place for the purpose of recreation. See also day out n. at day n. Phrases 3d and night out at night n. 6d. ΚΠ 1822 Edinb. Advertiser 26 Apr. 270/3 She..said she would call again in a fortnight, as it was her day out. 1848 Punch 4 Nov. 182/2 The Servant-Girl's Idea of Life:—one long day out with ‘the journeyman’. 1858 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (ed. 18) vi. 163 The housemaid was not at home, it being her turn for the Sunday ‘out’. 1916 B. Ruck Girls at his Billet x Wasn't it your evening out? 1974 Times 8 Apr. 14/7 A retired bricklayer..spoke to me in the owlishly conspiratorial tones of one who has been cheered by his evening out. (c) school is out (chiefly U.S.): pupils can leave or have left school (at the end of the day or for holidays). ΚΠ 1827 W. Taylor Poems (ed. 2) 91 In that whimp'ling burn when the school was out. 1843 H. B. Stowe Mayflower 172 But, when ‘school was out’, James's spirits foamed over as naturally as a tumbler of soda-water. 1948 ‘J. Tey’ Franchise Affair ix. 94 ‘Shouldn't leave your car. Take it with you... It's Saturday.’ ‘Saturday?’ ‘School's out.’ ‘Oh, I see. But there's nothing in it..that's movable.’ 1974 ‘R. Tate’ Birds of Bloodied Feather vi. 127 ‘I trust I'm not disturbing you?’ ‘What's the time?’ ‘Four.’ ‘School's out’... ‘Come on in’. 1999 Times 15 July 2/1 School's out soon and they can't wait. (d) No longer in prison or in police custody. Cf. inside adv. 1c. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [adverb] > no longer in prison out1885 1885 ‘H. Conway’ Family Affair III. iii. 51 I suppose he's out now on ticket-of-leave. 1886 W. Besant Children of Gibeon III. ii. xxxii. 260 He had presumably received his ticket of leave, and he was out. 1934 D. L. Sayers Nine Tailors 279 Well, as you know, I wasn't out. I was inside again, owing to a regrettable misunderstanding. 1976 ‘B. Graeme’ Snatch v. 56 It was Reg Abbott who got two [years], wasn't it? Reg should be out by now. 1992 Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka) 6 Sept. (New Delhi ed.) (Life section) p. i/8 Criminals are confident that they will be out on bail. (e) On strike. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > labour relations > [adverb] > on strike out1890 1890 Spectator 29 Sept. Most of the miners are ‘out’, not for wages, but in defence of the grand principle that non-Union men shall not be employed. 1974 Times 27 Feb. 14/3 The miners are still out; world prices are still rising. 1977 ‘J. le Carré’ Honourable Schoolboy vi. 121 Pound's in the soup again... Electricians out. Railways out. c. Away from one's place of residence; on an expedition; at war, on a field of battle; spec. participating in either of the Jacobite risings in Scotland in 1715 and 1745. See also out there adv. 2. ΚΠ c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Laud) (1901) 1434 (MED) Wile þat horn was oute, Fikenyld ferde aboute. a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 29 (MED) Mech pepyl..had seyd euyl of hir whyl sche was owte & slawndryd hir in many thyngys þat sche schuld a do whyl sche was in þe contre. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 32 Hee hath beene out nine yeares, and away hee shall againe. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 184 There ran a Rumour Of many worthy Fellowes, that were out . View more context for this quotation 1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xiii. 364 I was a week out with him and saw but four Cows, which were so wild, that we did not get one. 1711 E. Budgell Spectator No. 116. ⁋4 Sir Roger is so keen at this Sport, that he has been out almost every Day since I came down. 1773 J. Boswell Jrnl. Tour Hebrides (1936) 70 Mr. Boyd was out in the year 1745–6. 1806 W. Scott Let. 17 Dec. (1932) I. 342 My great-grandfather was out, as the phrase goes..in 1715. 1887 Manch. Guard. 26 Feb. 7 People who had been ‘camping out’ were beginning to return to their homes. 1896 Notes & Queries 29 Feb. 161/1 [He] was an ardent supporter of Prince Charles Edward, but through illness was unable to be out in 1745. 1936 Trans. Banffshire Field Club 56 His son, also George, was ‘out’ in the Fifteen. 1992 F. McLynn Hearts of Darkness i. ii. 42 There was Jacobitism in the ancestry; his great-grandfather had been ‘out’ in the '45. d. Sent out or circulated by an authority, esp. by the police, judiciary, or government. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [adverb] > of command: issued outc1410 society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [adverb] > issued outc1410 c1410 (c1350) Gamelyn (Harl. 7334) 840 (MED) Þe quest is oute on me þat i schulde honge. ?1471 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 121 The wyche wrytt ys owte all redy. 1602 2nd Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus v. iii. 2105 Writts are out for me, to apprehend me. 1754 Ess. Manning Fleet 13 When the Warrants are out, the Men abscond. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xv. 588 Warrants had been out against him; and he had been taken into custody. 1953 K. Tennant Joyful Condemned ii. 17 If there's a warrant out for you..they'll lumber you sooner or later. 1987 R. Hall Kisses of Enemy (1990) ii. xxxvi. 286 There's a warrant out for coves caught writing on lavatory walls. e. Not included or inserted, omitted. Chiefly in to leave out (see to leave out 1 at leave v.¹ Phrasal verbs). ΚΠ c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 203 (MED) They seyng and redynge hys papyr, commaundyd to leve owte and put a way many troughtys. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. 99 We may nocht..leive out thame that committis symony. 1661 in L. B. Taylor Aberdeen Council Lett. (1954) IV. 185 The said Patrick wes..declarit a fugitive..quhich midcuple of their richt they have omitted out of thair summonds. 1771 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. (1876) iv. 362 A portrait-painter..leaves out all the minute breaks..in the face. 1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. xv. 295 I do not know the play, but as Maria says, if there is anything a little too warm..it can be easily left out . View more context for this quotation 1887 ‘L. Carroll’ Game of Logic i. §1. 6 We agree to leave out the word ‘Cakes’ altogether. 1909 W. James Pluralistic Universe v. 210 I will ask your permission to leave the soul wholly out of the present discussion. 1992 G. Vidal Live from Golgotha vii. 55 I find I have left out many important parts of the Message in favor of maybe too much colorful detail. f. Not in one's possession, control or occupation; held or controlled by another. rare after 17th cent. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > hiring or letting out > [adverb] outa1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) v. ii. 29 Thu. Considers she my Possessions?.. Pro. They are out by Lease. View more context for this quotation 1692 J. Locke Some Considerations Lowering Interest 95 If..the laying of Taxes upon Commodities does, as it is evident, affect the Land that is out at Rack-rent, it is plain it does equally affect all the other Land in England too. 1903 N.E.D. (at cited word) Obliged to call in the money that he had lying out. g. Of the water of a river: overflowing its banks, flooding the adjacent ground. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > [adverb] out1647 1647 A. Cowley Welcome in Mistress vi My Dove..I doubt Would ne're return, had not the Flood been out. a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1684) 56 If the River had been out, and the Fields under Water. 1702 R. Thoresby Diary (1830) I. 397 The waters were yet out, that we rode through Askwith. 1779 Hist. Eur. in Ann. Reg. 182/2 The freshes were then out, which seemed to render the river in itself a sufficient rampart. 1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 i. 222 The waters of the Cherwell are soon out, and soon off. 1886 R. E. G. Cole Gloss. Words S.-W. Lincs. 104 They say the Trent is out. 1976 G. Moffat Short Time to Live xvii. 196 ‘It would have to be,’ she repeated aloud, driving down the lane, ‘and the floods out again’. h. Originally U.S. to be out (with infinitive): to strive keenly to do something. to be out for: to have one's interests or energies directed towards; (also) to give unqualified support for. Cf. all out adv. 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > intend [verb] > aim to do or be intent on doing guess?c1320 to be out1887 to set out1888 the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (transitive)] > have as purpose or object followeOE studylOE turna1200 pursuea1382 purposec1384 to shoot atc1407 ensue1483 proponea1500 studyc1503 prick1545 tread1551 suit1560 to go for ——1568 to set (up) one's rest1572 expect1578 propose1584 propound1596 aima1616 scope1668 to set up1691 aim1821 to go in for1835 to be out for1887 to be flat out for1930 target1966 shoot1967 1887 F. Francis Saddle & Mocassin vii. 124 The Apaches were out to beat hell..And they were ginning her up, and making things a bit lively, that's a fact! 1901 S. Merwin & H. K. Webster Calumet ‘K’ i. 13 They're mostly out for results up at the office. Let's see the bill for it. 1901 S. E. White Westerners xxix. 272 When they are out to have a good time,..they want somebody they can have their sort of fun with. 1905 Springfield Weekly Jrnl. 6 Oct. 12 George D. Eldredge is out strong for Mr. Nutting. 1907 M. Beerbohm in Sat. Rev. 13 Apr. 457/1 She is not ‘out for’ fun. She is an ardent suffragist. 1920 W. J. Locke House of Baltazar v. 56 These new women are out for the devirilisation of men. 1959 N. Mailer Advts. for Myself (1961) 42 They kept actin' like they was out to get him first. 1972 Daily Tel. 14 Oct. 8/2 If you are out for a real display in the ground, you might think of using the new multiflora tulips. 1992 New Yorker 6 July 74/3 Perot is also a skilled blame-shifter—someone is always out to get him. 15. At a distance from an accustomed place. a. Away from one's home or usual location at a distant place; far away, abroad. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > [adverb] > home > at home > not outOE from homec1225 afield1483 OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. iii. 30 Orcadas þa ealond, þa wæron ut on garsecge butan Brotone. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8474 Galilew wass feorr þær fra Vt inn an oþerr ende. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 197 (MED) Oðer kinnes neddre is ut in oðer londe. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 20389 (MED) I was..Ferr vte in anoþer land. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 23 (MED) Oute in þe erth of Egipt enhabet vmquile Þe wysest wees of the werd. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1707 Ector was oute..In a countre..of þe coron helde. 1882 ‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. 42 They have taken him, and they will cage him out on Gorgona yonder. 1899 Daily News 1 Nov. 3/1 The authorities at Enfield say that they are well supplied with these guns out at the Cape. 1934 F. S. Fitzgerald Tender is Night i. xx. 118 We were talking about Featherstone the other day and I thought of you—he's out in California now. 1951 ‘N. Shute’ Round Bend xi. 361 People are saying that I've been out in the East too long, and I've gone round the bend. b. At sea, away from the land or shore, or from the bank of a lake or river. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > [adverb] > at sea at seaa1400 outc1450 afloat?1473 at the seas1585 by sea1625 offshore1745 c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 75 (MED) Þan was a wardan ware oute in þe wale stremys Of all þe naue. 1595 in A. Peterkin Rentals Earldom & Bishoprick of Orkney (1820) ii. 105 Out-upoun-the-yle, 4 d. tewe, uthall. 1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 530 Ships whilst out are lyable to a thousand ominous contingencies. c1771 M. Suckling Let. in R. Southey Life Nelson (1813) I. i. 5 What..has poor Horatio done,..that he..should be sent to rough it out at sea? 1843 Fraser's Mag. 28 713 The wind turned perversely a-head the third day out. 1888 Manch. Examiner 2 July 5/3 A large number of fishermen were out at sea on the day of election. 1922 V. Woolf Jacob's Room i. 16 There was a hurricane out at sea. 1991 Details Dec. 92/3 At the bottom of the pile are processors,..the invisible hands who man the floating factories out in the Bering. c. Of the tide: receding from the shore; having receded from the shore, at its lowest ebb. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > [adverb] > at low ebb out1673 1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 149 Certain Flats..covered all over with water at full Sea, but about the City when the Tide is out in many places bare. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 65 However, when the Tide was out, I got most of the Pieces of Cable ashore. 1883 L. Troubridge Life amongst Troubridges (1966) 165 Meaning to bathe..but the tide miles out. 1915 Bulletin (Sydney) 16 Sept. 24/2 Pippies are collected when the tide is out. 1932 D. L. Sayers Have his Carcase i. 9 The tide was nearly out now, and the wet beach shimmered..in the lazy noonlight. 1958 L. G. Green S. Afr. Beachcomber 109 The first beachcombers were..baiting their fish-kraals wherever the rocks allowed them to trap the shoals as the tides went out. 1984 T. Soper National Trust Guide to Coast 116 (caption) Shore-birds like the turnstone..will forage over the mud when the tide is out. d. Horse Racing. Short of the finishing-post. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > [adverb] > short of the finishing post out1949 1949 Times 18 June 6/1 Two furlongs out there was some crowding and bumping, but Richards got through on The Cobbler and dashed to the front in the last furlong. 1960 Times 15 June 17/2 Solo Singer fell five furlongs out, bringing down Combwell Beeches when near the front. 1986 Sporting Life Weekender 17 Apr. 30/3 Peaty Sandy hit the front five from home, was clear two out, and won by a comfortable two lengths. 16. On the outside; externally. Opposed to in (see in adv. 9) or inside (see inside adv.).Recorded earliest in out and in: see Phrases 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb] > on the outside outwardOE withoutc1000 outwithc1225 withoutforthc1380 outc1390 utouth1398 outwardsc1429 outwardlyc1432 withoutside1578 exogenously1879 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb] > outside buteOE outeneOE withoutc1000 outwarda1382 withoutforthc1384 outc1390 out of door1579 outside1653 withoutsidec1660 out-over1818 outboard1935 c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 17 Þou rewe of me [boþe] out and Inne. 1568 Wyf of Auchtirmwchty 23 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 321 Sa ȝe will rowll..all the houss baith in and owt. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) v. v. 55 Search Windsor Castle (Elues) within, and out . View more context for this quotation 1803 Ld. Nelson 4 June in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) V. 79 This Island is bold, too, inside or out. c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 24 Reeve it..from out in. 1882 Notes & Queries 25 Mar. 229/2 Probably most Londoners have often heard 'bus conductors cry ‘Domino’ when an omnibus is ‘full in and out’. 1925 W. Cather Professor's House ii. iv. 208 They [sc. houses] were made of dressed stones, plastered inside and out. 1967 Word Study Mar. 2/1 Many English teachers..readily issue pronouncements, both in the classroom and out. 1991 Daily Tel. 5 Jan. (Colour Suppl.) 58 (advt.) The ‘Renaissance’ handbag features zippered compartments inside and out. 17. a. Removed from its proper or habitual place or position; displaced, dislocated; extracted.out of joint: see joint n.¹ 2. ΚΠ a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 19 (MED) Þe secunde entencioun is..in bringyng to her placis ioyntis þat ben oute. c1400 ( in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) I. 363 The bothom is ny ouȝt. a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) 1035 Thow the fyndes ey were owte. 1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. vi. f. 179^v/1 Yf the dislocation be lytle, so that the bone be not out all togyther, it is called dislocation not complete. a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iii. 73 I feare (sir) my shoulder-blade is out . View more context for this quotation 1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 245. ⁋2 Her Mouth wide,..Two Teeth out before. 1823 Lancet 5 Oct. 6/1 I was called in to attend a case of dislocation at the shoulder joint... Another Surgeon was requested to see him, who at once pronounced the bone to be out. 1989 Mother & Baby Nov. 46/3 But as he carried on you could see quite clearly that the baby's spine was out, and it had pulled the baby's brain backward. b. Not in office; removed from a post; out of work, unemployed.time out: see timeout n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > lack of work > [adverb] out of work1482 out1608 on the buroo1969 society > authority > office > [adverb] > out of office out1608 society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > [adverb] out1608 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xxiv. 15 Talke of Court newes..whose in, whose out . View more context for this quotation 1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) i. 200 ‘What lords are those saluting with a grin?’ One is just out, and one as lately in. 1835 Court Mag. 6 235/1 The gentlemen out curse the gentlemen in, And vehemently swear their promotion's a sin. 1878 T. Wood in J. Burnett Useful Toil (1974) iii. 309 I..was regarded as an enthusiast in some places for seeking work when so many were out who were known to the masters. 1885 G. Meredith Diana of Crossways II. i. 6 His party was out, and he hoped for higher station on its return to power. 1935 N. Mitchison We have been Warned i. 74 He's a riveter. He came..when there was work going at the docks... Now he's out. 1968 J. Bingham I Love, I Kill viii. 95 When I told him I was ‘out’, he bought me a pint instead. And he gave me two tickets for the show he was in. 1973 Listener 29 Nov. 736/1 A British prime minister discovered as having been implicated in the same kind of depths as Nixon would be out. c. Sport and Games. No longer participating actively in a game or part of a game; (Cricket and Baseball) having been dismissed as a batter, hitter, or runner. In Poker and similar gambling games: having retired from a hand by declining to bet or to call a previous bet. Cf. in adv. 11d and not out adj. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > [adverb] > no longer in game or leading position out1609 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [adverb] > in or out out1609 ina1672 not out1777 all out1833 1609 R. Armin Hist. Two Maids More-clacke sig. D2^v Tutch. What doe you call it when the ball sir hits the stoole? Filbon. Why out. Tutch. Euen so am I, out, out of all hope. 1744 ‘J. Love’ Cricket iii. Argt. 17 Five on the Side of the Counties are out for three Notches. 1752 Game at Cricket in New Universal Mag. Nov. 581/2 If a ball is nipp'd up, and he strikes her again wilfully before she come to the wicket, it's out. 1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod ii. iii. §20 [Trap-ball] If the scores demanded exceed in number the lengths of the cudgel from the trap to the ball, he loses the whole, and is out. 1829 Boy's Own Bk. (ed. 4) 20 If he misses three times, or if the ball, when struck, fall behind a, he is out, and another takes his place. 1849 Laws of Cricket in ‘Bat’ Cricketer's Man. (1850) 55 The Striker is Out if either of the bails be bowled off, or if a stump be bowled out of the ground. 1928 Daily Tel. 12 June 19/2 Constantine..was out to a semi-yorker, which also ‘googled’. 1951 Amer. Speech 100/1 Out, to be, to decline calling the bet. The player who is out must turn his hand face down or throw it in the discards. 1976 Times 23 July 9/4 After adding 43 with Murray, Rowe was out to a tumbling catch at first slip. 1991 N.Y. Times 11 Sept. b15/1 Jefferies scratched an infield hit to short with one out in the third. d. Excluded from or no longer involved or included in a particular enterprise, undertaking, action, etc. Cf. to be out of it at out of prep. 15.count out; to want out, etc.: see the verb. ΚΠ 1825 Universal Songster I. 255/2 ‘Och! don't be coming here..with your blarney about sending yourself what's not wanted at all,’ says I; ‘so you're out, I'm telling you!’ 1854 Knickerbocker June 643 When it comes to hunting grizzlies on a pony, jist ‘count me out’. 1959 E. Ambler Passage of Arms viii. 219 They can keep everything... We just want out. 1971 A. C. Thomas Munchmeyer & Prospero on Island i. 23 ‘You need help.’.. ‘Out. That's what I need. Out.’ 2001 K. Sampson Outlaws (2002) 63 I, Ratticus, need to get my personal account back into the healthy eights then I'm out. e. Unconscious; (Boxing) defeated through failing to rise within the ten seconds allowed after being knocked down; knocked out. out on one's feet: dazed, exhausted, or barely conscious, although still standing or active. out to it (Australian colloquial): dead drunk; (also) fast asleep. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > unconsciousness > [adverb] out1894 the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > physical insensibility > dullness of sense perception > [adjective] > stunned astonedc1300 astoundc1315 astoniedc1386 astoundedc1540 stonied1682 stunned1764 silly1829 out on one's feet1894 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [adverb] > defeated out1894 out for the count1930 the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [adverb] > deeply or soundly fastOE sadlya1375 to sleep sounda1400 soundlyc1400 stronglya1500 deeply1632 tight1898 out to it1941 the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adjective] > drunk > insensibly drunk dead drunk1599 to drink (a person) dead drunk1609 paralytic1843 sodden1850 paralysed1870 speechless1881 drunk and incapable1883 dead-oh1889 rumdum1891 passed-out1927 out to it1941 trashed1966 wiped1966 1894 Daily News 20 Dec. 3/7 The referee stopped the fight at the close of the first round..Smith being heavily punished and all but out. 1898 B. J. Angle in W. A. Morgan ‘House’ on Sport I. 45 A competitor stopped by a blow on the mark is as much ‘out’ as though rendered helpless by a hit on the point. 1901 R. Fitzsimmons Physical Culture 159 Time was up. The champion was out. 1918 J. M. Grider War Birds (1927) 150 She responded..by hitting him playfully over the head with an empty port bottle... It was a terrific crack and he was out for some time. 1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 52 Out to it, dead drunk. 1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) xi. 171 He was properly out to it that night. We made speeches about how sorry we was to see him go. 1955 E. Hillary High Adventure 175 For God's sake, Charles, keep an eye on John! He's out on his feet but doesn't realise it! 1973 ‘H. Howard’ Highway to Murder vii. 85 He was still out cold but he began coming round just before the ambulance got there. 1992 Voice 22 Dec. 19/5 This was the first year that I experienced the traditional sherry. Then boof! Next 'ting me know, I was out for the count. 18. a. Projecting, protruding. ΚΠ c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 26 Þe nose stondiþ so out wiþoute þe face. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. ii. 169 His eye-balles further out, than when he liued, Staring full gastly, like a strangled man. View more context for this quotation 1622 Dum Wyfe (Reidpeth) 113 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1927) II. 67 Thocht nighbouris aboutt wis hir toung outt It dois thame not availl. 1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 126 We see the..Fore-legs half out, and the other just beginning to protuberate through the skin. 1865 S. Baring-Gould Bk. Were-wolves 3 Its tongue out, and its eyes glaring like marsh-fires. 1906 Westm. Gaz. 29 Dec. 16/1 The downtrodden slippers tied on with string, toes out, and hardly any sole. 1981 N. Farah Sardines iv. 65 The Emperor's plane..came into view, its tyres out ready to land. b. Having parts of the body protruding through holes (in clothes). Chiefly in out at (the) elbow(s) (also heel(s), knee(s), toe(s)). Also in extended use. See also heel n.¹ and int. Phrases 1b(a), out at elbows adv. and adj. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [adverb] > projecting or protruding through clothing out1553 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adverb] > projecting or protruding out1553 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique iii. f. 86 Some riche snudges..go with their hose out at heeles. 1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Epistle (1843) 32 Out at the heeles with all other vserers. ?1589 T. Nashe Almond for Parrat sig. 9 Your banquerout inuention, cleane out at the elbowes. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. i. 58 He cannot [speak] Sir: he's out at Elbow . View more context for this quotation 1693 C. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires vii. 130 Hither coming, out at Heels and Knees. 1732 W. Darrell Gentleman Instructed (ed. 10) 212 Sneak into a corner..down at heels and out at elbows. 1763 Brit. Mag. 4 38 A great club who sit till break of day to heel-tap the nation; which, they say, is also run out at the toes. 1862 Frank Leslie's Illustr. Newspaper 1 Nov. 94/3 His only clothing was a shirt torn in shreds, and a pair of trousers out at the knee and seat! 1896 Pall Mall Mag. Sept. 41 A seedy, out-at-toe shoe. 1898 Argosy Oct. 481 Ten years more of this life is as likely as not to make an out at elbows adventuress of her. 1956 H. MacLennan Confessions of Wood-Chopping Man in G. Lynch & D. Rampton Canad. Ess. (1991) 71 My jeans are stiff with ancient sweat and my jersey is out at the elbows. c. Of a flag, banner, etc.: unfurled, displayed. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > [adverb] > spread out > unfurled out1720 1602 T. Dekker Satiro-mastix sig. H^v What, dost summon a parlie, my little Drum-sticke? tis too late; thou seest my red flag is hung out. 1660 J. Dryden Astræa Redux 12 The wavering Streamers, Flags, and Standart out. 1720 London Gaz. No. 5849/1 Admiral Byng sent a..Vessel with British Colours out. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. Ee Out,..the situation of the sails when they are set, or extended,..as opposed to in; which is..furled. 1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xlii. 215 This white-lead chapter about whiteness is but a white flag hung out from a craven soul. 1968 J. Updike Couples ii. 146 You're sore as hell about some silly thing, maybe Harold's snubbing you, maybe you have the red flag out. In figurative uses expressing a state arrived at or result achieved. 19.** a. No longer burning or alight; extinguished.out like a light: see light n.¹ Phrases 7d. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [adverb] > extinguished outc1330 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > coldness > extinguishing fire > [adverb] out1658 c1330 in T. Wright Polit. Songs Eng. (1839) 329 (MED) Hii clateren cumpelin whan the candel is oute [rhyme doute]. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 375 Owt, or qwenchyd, as candylle, or lyghte, extinctus. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 246 Quhen licht wes owt and durris wes bard. a1628 J. Carmichaell Coll. Prov. in Scots (1957) No. 106 A fyre that is all out is euill to kendle. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall Ep. Ded. sig. A2 When the Funerall pyre was out, and the last valediction over. 1714 Spectator No. 616. ⁋4 Our friend the alderman was half seas over before the bonefire was out. 1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. xii. 176 The fire was out, but his feet were still among the ashes. 1894 J. H. Wylie Hist. Eng. Henry IV II. liii. 247 Rushing up in alarm, the attendants found the light out in the King's mortar. 1939 G. Greene Confidential Agent i. ii. 88 The light was out, but somebody was there: he could hear the breathing, not far from the aspidistra. 1966 B. Malamud Fixer (1969) vi. i. 165 The soft glow of the cigarette diminished until it was out. 1992 R. MacNeil Burden of Desire ii. 88 He went into the cellar and found the furnace almost out. b. No longer in vogue or in fashion. Also occasionally: (of fruit, game, etc.) not in season (rare). Opposed to in (see in adv. 15). ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > [adverb] > of game, fruit, fashions, etc. out of season?a1513 out1660 the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [adverb] > in an old-fashioned manner anciently1588 out1660 old-fashionably1764 old-fashionedly1808 frumpishly1927 frumpily1934 neolithically1934 1660 S. Pepys Diary 7 Oct. (1970) I. 260 To change my long black Cloake for a short one (long cloaks being now quite out). 1745 Norton Reg. in Sir C. Sharp Chron. Mirab. (1841) 62 Marriage comes in on the 13th of January, and at Septuagesimo Sunday it is out again till Low Sunday. 1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer iii. 52 Besides, child, jewels are quite out at present. 1898 St. James's Gaz. 12 Jan. 12/2 White gloves, we are pleased to learn, are ‘out’. 1903 N.E.D. (at cited word) Out,..not in season, as game, fish, or fruit. 1936 M. Mitchell Gone with the Wind xii. 227 He had seen no pantalets on the streets, so he imagined they were ‘out’. 1959 Encounter Dec. 16/1 It is becoming steadily easier for newspaper or television programmes to dictate what is out, what is in. 1972 Daily Tel. 15 Mar. 14 Creativity is ‘in’, while spelling, punctuation and well-formed handwriting..are ‘out’. 1991 Food & Wine Apr. 33/2 The sauce is a salsa mayonnaise. Of course, this is rather dicey, as salsa might go ‘out’ at any moment, regardless of the fact that it is delicious. c. Unacceptable or prohibited; impossible, unfeasible, or unsuitable. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > [adverb] > excluded out1936 the world > relative properties > relationship > relevance or pertinence > [adverb] > irrelevantly impertinentlyc1449 unhanginglyc1449 unpertinentlyc1449 vagrantly1547 unconsequently1565 inappositelya1652 unappositely1680 inconsequentially1754 irrelevantly1818 inconsequently1864 out1989 1936 W. Stevens Let. 27 Jan. (1967) 307 Any form of hell raising is simply out. 1940 ‘M. Innes’ There came both Mist & Snow ii. 26 The revolver-shooting fad to which I had been so unexpectedly introduced appeared to me childish in itself and oddly ‘out’ in the sort of house-party characteristic of Belrive. 1945 Tee Emm (Air Ministry) 5 33 Unauthorised low-flying should be out, repeat out. 1956 I. Bromige Enchanted Garden ii. ii. 91 Fiona left her velvet coat and tulle dress in the back of the car... Glamour was out that evening. 1973 ‘H. Howard’ Highway to Murder i. 16 ‘Tell your boss to have a quiet word with the law.’.. ‘No, that's out.’ 1989 B. Head Tales Tenderness & Power (1990) 30 Many converted people severely restrict themselves to reading the Bible. Darwin is out, because he contradicts the story of Adam and Eve. 1991 Time Out 20 Nov. 57/2 Early evening events are, regrettably, out, which is partly a reaction to the fact that many clubbers don't even go out until well after midnight. d. Originally U.S. Out of order, broken down; no longer functioning, inoperative. Cf. down adv. 24b(a). ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > [adverb] > of equipment: out of order out1975 1975 J. Hansen Trouble Maker i. 5 Help's a long way off. Nowhere, if the telephone's out. 1976 Publishers Weekly 2 Aug. 108/2 His entire electrical system is out. With no radio and only a limited amount of fuel, it looks like an icy death very soon. 1980 D. Terman Free Flight (1981) Introd. 23 All the microwave and satellite links are out. 1996 A. Michaels Fugitive Pieces i. 59 Roads were blocked, bridges out, villages in ruins. 20. Revealed, made known, no longer a secret. Cf. sense A. 4c. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > [adverb] > disclosed or revealed outc1395 c1395 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 977 Myn housbonde hath longe asses erys two..now is it oute; I myghte no lenger kepe it. 1706 G. Farquhar Recruiting Officer iii. i. 32 Now the Murder's out. 1768 O. Goldsmith Good Natur'd Man v. 65 Yes, yes, all's out; I now see the whole affair. 1841 W. Ainsworth Old St. Paul's i Now his wicked intentions are out. 1897 ‘A. Hope’ Phroso (1905) vii. 126 The secret was out through Constantine's fault, not hers, and the seal was removed from her lips. 1936 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood Ascent of F6 ii. v. 116 At last the secret is out. 1984 D. Leavitt Family Dancing 75 Now that everything's out, I can see that more deception was just a bad idea to begin with. 21. a. Expired, elapsed; finished, exhausted; at an end. Now chiefly of a period of time. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [adverb] > over, finished, or expired over?c1225 outa1400 upc1400 all up1825 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 4695 (MED) Þe seuen yeirs war vte. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ruth ii. 23 She gathered vntill the barley haruest and the wheat haruest was out. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 269 Quhen the coronatioune was out. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. ii. 1 When the But is out we will drinke water. View more context for this quotation 1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 264 Lent was almost out . View more context for this quotation 1743 London Evening-post 23 Aug. Twenty-three Notches to fetch to win when the Time was out. 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. x. 242 Being told by your servant..that the coals are almost out. 1850 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 18 184/2 The thirty miles were out at last. 1885 G. Allen Babylon I. v. 79 Before the week was out, he had been duly installed. 1995 E. Toman Dancing in Limbo vii. 175 The rumour had gone the rounds that there would be great signs and portents before the year was out. b. Having reached an end of one's supply; out of stock. ΚΠ 1885 List of Subscribers Exchange Syst. (United Telephone Co.) (ed. 6) p. xv The hotel cellarman came up... ‘Sir,’ said he, ‘we have had a run upon minerals, and are nearly out.’ 1935 J. Steinbeck Tortilla Flat iii. 36 Run down and get four bottles of ginger-ale. The hotel is out. 1942 ‘A. Bridge’ Frontier Passage xi. 194 You haven't got a gasper, have you? We're out. 1972 J. McClure Caterpillar Cop iii. 30 Got a smoke? I'm out. c. In radio communication: finished, completed. Used to indicate the end of a message, when the speaker has finished speaking and expects no reply.over and out: see over adv. 2. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > interjections in radio communication [interjection] over1926 out1950 ten-four1962 1950 ‘D. Divine’ King of Fassarai xi. 73 He called the signaller. ‘Take this down... “No signs occupation. Out.”’ 1955 E. Waugh Officers & Gentlemen i. ix. 108 He took the instrument. ‘Headquarters to D Troop. Where are you? Over... You can't be... Damn. Out.’ 1966 D. Holbrook Flesh Wounds 218 ‘Hallo Roger Baker, Hallo Roger Baker. Able Zebra asks for hornet support. Roger Baker over.’ ‘Roger Baker O.K. Out.’ 1976 L. Dills CB Slanguage Dict. (rev. ed.) 51 Out, through transmitting. 22. a. In the world at large, in existence; in the whole world. Frequently as complement to a noun phrase with a superlative modifier. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > [adverb] thereouta1300 outc1400 in being1483 existingly1601 existently1641 out therec1794 round1852 c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xii. 145 Þe hexte lettred oute. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xii. 267 (MED) Thus he lykneth in his logyk þe leste foule oute. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 598 Þis barne..Miȝt wele a prefe for his a-port to any prince oute. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxxii. 250 [To] lede and vse the moost werst and synfullist lyf oute. a1500 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Trin. Dublin) 2574 (MED) I ne am noght gylty of þis, by all þe godes owte! c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 2175 To wreke vs of wrathe for any wegh oute. 1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone vi. 47 Constance Brandon and Flora Bellasys—quite the two best things out. 1861 H. Mayhew London Labour (new ed.) III. 106/2 I think I'm the cleverest juggler out. 1872 B. Jerrold London xv. 127 The ginger-beer merchant..gesticulating and pattering one sultry morning... ‘The Best Drink Out!’ was his perpetual cry. 1973 Times 15 Oct. 22/8 A Triumph is still the best bike out, as a Norton represents a compromise between design criteria and production costs. 1995 Represent Apr. 8/2 To me, even though they say he's a household name, to me he's the best underground producer out. b. In public circulation; spec. (of a book, record, etc.) in publication, released, made available for sale. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > publishing > [adverb] out1535 in public1642 1535 J. Husee Let. 4 Jan. in Lisle Papers (P.R.O.: SP 3/4/92) f. 115 I do herein sende the abridgement of the statutes, for the statutes ar not yet owit as sone as they may be had I will not faylle to send your Lordship the book. 1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes Intermean iii. 38 in Wks. II We Gossips are bound to beleeue it, an't be once out, and a foot. 1759 S. Johnson Let. 23 Mar. in J. Boswell Life Johnson (1831) I. 340 I am going to publish a little story book, which I will send you when it is out. 1836 J. Affleck Poet. Wks. 86 Gathering a' the news that's out. 1863 J. S. Brewer Eng. Stud. 355 On March 7, 1576, he writes to say that the New Testament is out. 1921 R. Macaulay Dangerous Ages ii. 22 It's not out yet; I've only seen Gilbert's review copy. 2000 M. Perry Sniffin' Glue 81/1 The Pistols were playing the 100 Club on the Friday and the next day The Clash had their first album out. c. Of a young woman: formally introduced into society (in recent use, as a debutante); (also) in employment, esp. as a domestic servant. Cf. to come out 8c at come v. Phrasal verbs 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > [adverb] > introduced into society out1791 society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [adverb] out1791 1791 J. Woodforde Diary 24 Jan. (1927) III. 244 I had 2 Girls come to offer themselves this Morn'... N.B. neither would do having never been out. c1791 J. Austen Vol. Second in Minor Wks. (1972) 151 This mighty affair is now happily over, and my Girls are out. 1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. v. 98 Pray, is she out, or is she not?—I am puzzled... She dined at the parsonage, with the rest of you, which seemed like being out; and yet she says so little, that I can hardly suppose she is . View more context for this quotation 1831 Society 1 228 I can tell her, that if my Jemima were out, her chance would be but slender. 1850 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 116 No servant but a little girl who had ‘never been out before’. a1865 E. C. Gaskell Wives & Daughters (1866) I. xxi. 238 They are not out, you know, till after the Easter ball. 1977 ‘C. Fremlin’ Spider-orchid vii. 51 She's not ‘out’ yet, she's only in the schoolroom still. d. colloquial. Openly acknowledging one's homosexuality (or bisexuality); ‘out of the closet’ (see closet n. and adj. Phrases 2b). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual orientation > [adverb] > openly acknowledging one's sexual orientation out of the closet1965 out1974 1974 Lavender Woman (Chicago) July 15/2 Mostly out now, I often feel pegged, defined by sexual preference alone. 1983 T. Heald Networks viii. 156 A Gay News poll in 1981 found that only forty-three per cent of homosexuals were ‘out’ at work. 1987 Venue 27 Mar. 15/3 Homosexuals find it easier to be ‘out’ than bisexuals. †23. At variance, no longer friendly. Cf. to fall out 2 at fall v. Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > state of variance or disunion > [adverb] out1565 society > society and the community > dissent > [adverb] > at variance out1565 ajar1622 offside1944 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Alienus Pro alienato, alienated: out with vs. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. v. 30 Launcelet and I are out . View more context for this quotation 1664 S. Pepys Diary 17 Aug. (1971) V. 244 Mr. Edward Mountagu is..now quite out with his father again. 1858 W. Arnot Laws from Heaven i. 21 He is out with his former friend and in with his former adversary. 1899 Harvard Advocate 5 Oct. 12/1 The cox'n and the captain were out. It was n't very much they had to quarrel about. 24. a. Of a leaf, blossom, or fruit: having emerged (from a bud); having ripened. Of a plant: in leaf, blossom, or flower. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > [adverb] > in leaf or in flower out1573 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 31^v Leaue waddling about, till arbor be out. a1626 F. Bacon in Wks. (1861) II. 536 Leaves are out and perfect in a month. 1789 J. Woodforde Diary 26 Mar. (1927) III. 92 The Apricots..are not full out, otherwise the Frost would cut them. 1813 T. B. Macaulay in Life & Lett. (1880) I. i. 42 The trees are all out. 1896 ‘I. Maclaren’ Pleasaunce in Kate Carnegie 83 In the spring-time when the primroses are out. 1922 E. von Arnim Enchanted April (1989) 269 Everything seemed to be out together,—all the things crowded into one month which in England are spread penuriously over six. 1993 Holiday Which? Jan. 10 (caption) June, when the poppies are out, is one of the best times to visit Umbria. b. gen. Visible, apparent, manifest (having emerged from a concealed or latent state); spec. (of the sun, moon, etc.) visible in the sky, not obscured by clouds. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adverb] > into sight upc888 forthc900 outa1625 a1625 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Two Noble Kinsmen (1634) iii. iv. 1 I am very cold, and all the Stars are out too. View more context for this quotation 1703 London Gaz. No. 3923/4 The old upper Light-House will be blacked over when the Light is out in the new Light-House. 1784 E. Lyon Let. 10 Aug. in A. Morrison Catal. Autograph Lett.: Hamilton & Nelson Papers (1893) I. 90 I had a rash out all over me and a fevour, and I should have been worse; if I had not had the rash out. 1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxxi. 396 The sun was out bright; the ice was all left behind, and things had quite a cheering appearance. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 199 The full amount of eruption is out usually within twenty-four hours of the appearance of the first spot. 1988 P. Wayburn Adventuring in Alaska (rev. ed.) iv. 309 When the mountain is ‘out’, the view from Camp Denali is superb. 25. †a. In error or at a loss from failure of memory or confidence; nonplussed, puzzled. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > [adverb] confusedly1502 amazedly1561 out1585 perplexedly1587 distractedly1608 muddily1648 confoundedly1672 turbidly1728 puzzledly1870 unclearly1875 muddledly1914 distraughtly1926 wuzzily1964 1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 501 He that telleth the players their part when they are out and have forgotten. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. iii. 41 I haue forgot my part, And I am out . View more context for this quotation 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. iii. vi. 134 Apollonius Rhodius..banished himselfe..because he was out in reciting his Poems. 1661 S. Pepys Diary 2 July (1970) II. 131 [He] was so much out that he was hissed off the stage. 1718 A. Pope Let. (1956) I. 505 The whole is so disjointed, & the parts so detachd from each other,..that..you'd imagine it had been a Village in Amphions time, where twenty Cottages had taken a dance together, were all Out, and stood still in amazement ever since. 1803 Lit. Mag. Dec. 223/1 We found our thunder of most material service, for whenever any of us were out in our parts,..we had but to wink to the prompter, and a peal of thunder came happily to our assistance. b. Music. Playing incorrectly; out of tune or not in time.Cf. out of time adv. 2, out of tune at tune n. 3b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > [adverb] > out of tune in or out of tunec1450 false1598 out1598 off-key1899 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. i. 132 Wide a the bow hand, yfaith your hand is out . View more context for this quotation 1671 Westm.-drollery ii. 81 Y'are out, says Dick, 'Tis a lye, says Nick, The Fidler playd it false. 1837 F. Marryat Snarleyyow (ed. 2) I. ix. 94 Jemmy..tuned one string..which was a little out. 1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxxix. 378 Laura's is a contralto: and that voice is very often out. 1989 C. S. Murray Crosstown Traffic viii. 193 Hendrix begins—in jazz parlance—to play ‘out’: of rhythm, out of tonality, out of notes. c. Inaccurate (esp. in a calculation or a prediction); in the wrong, in error, mistaken. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > inaccuracy, inexactness > [adverb] at rebours?a1400 unjustlyc1425 wrongly1633 outa1641 inaccurately1669 unaccurately1674 uncorrectly1706 unprecisely1806 inexactly1849 à rebours1895 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lack of truth, falsity > [adverb] > in a wrong way, amiss on missc1225 overthwarta1382 a-crookc1500 awrya1513 wide?1529 astray1535 across1559 bias1600 outa1641 beside the bridge1652 on the wrong side of the post1728 abroad1806 off1843 way off1882 off beam1941 up the boohai?1946 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > inaccuracy, inexactness > [adverb] > in calculation unmathematically1644 out1809 adrift1976 a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 328 Concerning Titius, that learned man is out. 1683 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 49 Sir Thomas Gower..spake an English speech, but miserably out in his delivery of it. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 265. ¶510 He..has been very seldom out in these his Guesses. 1778 F. Burney Evelina III. xxi. 241 There, Lovel, you are out. 1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. iii. vii. 404 I was a little out in my calculation. 1850 J. H. Newman in W. Ward Life Cardinal Wiseman (1896) I. 534 I heard a dear friend of his say that the news of the opposition would kill him. How he has been out! 1887 H. R. Haggard She (1888) 43 If the captain is not out in his reckoning. 1953 A. Hosain Phoenix Fled 177 I could count thousands and thousands of rupees and not be half a one out. 1973 B. Magee Popper iii. 42 For most purposes a clearcut statement which is slightly out is more serviceable than one which is true but vague. 1984 B. Breytenbach Mouroir 28 I become aware that my eye was out, or alternatively that the sight of the pistol was not adjusted to my eye. d. Defective, askew, badly formed or framed. ΚΠ a1887 H. Mayhew in Cent. Dict. (1890) XV. 4179/3 The convex has to be done so correctly that, if the lens is the 100th part of an inch out, its value is destroyed. 1930 W. Faulkner As I lay Dying 187 His teeth look out. ‘Hurt?’ Dave says. 1937 ‘M. Innes’ Hamlet, Revenge! i. ii. 48 The whole Hamlet plan was a little out—a whim imposed. 1978 SLR Camera Sept. 56/3 Make sure the subject also tucks their chin into their shoulder. Otherwise the composition is all out. 26. In debt (by a particular amount); without a sum of money to which one is entitled; having spent or invested (an amount of money), esp. with little prospect of return. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > financial loss > [adverb] > out of pocket outa1640 a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) ii. i. 116 I am out now Six hundred in the Cash. 1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. 84 But the thing he stuck at most, was the moneys he was out. 1889 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 7 Feb. 1/2 Alleges..he is $5000 out, owing to the dishonesty of..an employe. 1906 U. Sinclair Jungle xxvi. 315 The game continued until late Sunday afternoon, and by that time he was ‘out’ over twenty dollars. 1928 P. G. Wodehouse in Strand Mag. June 535 Looking at the thing in one way, taking the short, narrow view, I am out a lunch. Possibly a very good lunch. 1977 Rolling Stone 19 May 40/5 That left the U.S. companies..looking at enormous losses. Westinghouse and General Electric are out more than $500 million apiece. B. int. 1. An exclamation expressing grief, abhorrence, or indignant reproach: alas!, woe is me!; get out!, curses upon you!. Also reduplicated. Formerly often used in collocation with alack, alas, or harrow. See also A. 4. Now Scottish. Sc. National Dict. (at cited word) records the combined forms out-away (cf. quot. 1924), out-fie, and the reduplicated out-out as still in use in Aberdeenshire in 1964. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > exclamation of indignation [interjection] outa1225 strike me pink!1969 the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > cry of grief > [interjection] > specific cry of grief woeeOE wellawayeOE weilac1000 wellawayOE wellaOE woe is meOE wummec1175 wia1200 outa1225 alas?c1225 walec1275 ac1300 whilec1402 ochonea1425 wellesay?1440 wannowec1450 helas1484 ah1509 ocha1522 ah me!a1547 wougha1556 eh1569 welladay1570 how1575 wellanear1581 ay me!1591 lasa1593 wella, welladay1601 good lack!1638 oime1660 pillaloo1663 wellanearing1683 lack-a-day1695 wasteheart1695 walya1724 lackadaisy1748 ochree1748 waesucks1773 well-a-winsa1774 ullagone1819 wirra1825 mavrone1827 wirrasthru1827 ototoi1877 wurra1898 a1225 (c1174) Wace Roman de Rou (Royal) (1971) 8058 Normant escrient ‘Deus aïe!’ la gent englesche, ‘Ut!’ [v.rr. Out; Out, out; Out on] escrie. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 637 Vp stirte hir Alison and Nicholay And cryden out and harrow in the Strete. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 375 Owte, owt, At, at, interjectio. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiv. 170 Out, alas, I am forlorne For euermare! 1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. vii. f. 55 Alas, & out alas I crie, that I shall see no more. 1575 R. B. Appius & Virginius in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) IV. 128 But out, I am wounded. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. vii. 54 Out, out, (Lucetta) that wilbe illfauourd. View more context for this quotation 1660 J. Playford Brief Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 3) i. 44 Venus cryeth for her Son, out alas she is undone. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess iii. 106 Out, out, quo he, an ye be baith content, To gang together, ye's hae my consent. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. v. 136 I see the men..that are come ower late to part ye—but, out and alack! ower soon to drag ye to prison. 1833 J. S. Sands Poems 20 But out, alas! now done's our kipes. 1924 Swatches o' Hamespun 4th Ser. 62 A' the pigs upo' the dresser, caups an' flagons—oot awa! 2. out on (also upon): curses upon, damnation to. Cf. fie int. Now rare. Perhaps Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > oaths other than religious or obscene > imprecations woeOE dahetc1290 confoundc1330 foul (also shame) fall ——c1330 sorrow on——c1330 in the wanianda1352 wildfirea1375 evil theedomc1386 a pestilence on (also upon)c1390 woe betide you (also him, her, etc.)c1390 maldathaita1400 murrainc1400 out ona1415 in the wild waning worldc1485 vengeance?a1500 in a wanion1549 with a wanion1549 woe worth1553 a plague on——a1566 with a wanion to?c1570 with a wanyand1570 bot1584 maugre1590 poxa1592 death1593 rot1594 rot on1595 cancro1597 pax1604 pize on (also upon)1605 vild1605 peascod1606 cargo1607 confusion1608 perditiona1616 (a) pest upon1632 deuce1651 stap my vitals1697 strike me blind, dumb, lucky (if, but—)1697 stop my vitals1699 split me (or my windpipe)1700 rabbit1701 consume1756 capot me!1760 nick me!1760 weary set1788 rats1816 bad cess to1859 curse1885 hanged1887 buggeration1964 a1415 T. Hoccleve Balade Duke of York in Minor Poems (1892) i. 51 (MED) Out vp-on pryde, causer of my wo! c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. l. 5354 (MED) But out, allas, on fals couetyse! a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) i. viii. f. 6 (MED) Let us crye ‘Arrowe and owt upon hem alle.’ a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) 78 (MED) Owt vpon þe, thefe! 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxix^v They crie out vpon him Heretike, to the fyre with hym. 1616 J. Hayward Sanctuarie Troubled Soule (1620) ii. i. 7 Out vpon me wretched soule! full both of vanity, and of ignorance. 1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxx. 188 Nor the Censures and many Out-upon-you's of the attentive Ladies. 1825 W. Scott Talisman viii, in Tales Crusaders III. 187 Out upon the hound! said Richard, spitting in contempt, by way of interjection. 1878 ‘G. Eliot’ College Breakfast Party in Macmillan's Mag. July 174 Out on them all! 1898 A. Balfour To Arms xiv. 153 Out upon you for a quack—a quirky quibbling quack, Sir. C. prep. 1. From within, away from: = out of prep. 1. Formerly poetic. Now regional and nonstandard. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > out of [preposition] out ofeOE withoutc1000 outc1300 outwitha1400 utouthc1480 forth of1513 forth1567 c1300 Childhood Jesus (Laud) l. 1625 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1875) 1st Ser. 54 (MED) Þare cam An Naddre out þe gras. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4219 (MED) We..neuer-more for no man mowe be deliuered, ne pult out prison. 1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. f. lii It wyl not conueniently yssue oute that narowe places. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. ii. 41 When you haue pusht out your gates, the very Defender of them. View more context for this quotation 1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 206. ⁋4 Not endeavour at any Progress out that Tract. 1791 A. Wilson Poems (ed. 2) 82 Now neek rows briskly out the lums. 1830 Ld. Tennyson Adeline in Poems 69 Thy roselips and full blue eyes Take the heart from out my breast. 1875 G. W. Dasent Vikings III. 165 Sigmund Brestir's son..sprang out the waist of their ship. 1925 Staffs. Sentinel 27 July 19 The ship would make easier weather by proceeding out the western entrance. 1958 Otago Daily Times (N.Z.) 24 Feb. 5/2 He flew out the side of the cloud to warmer air. 1972 D. E. Westlake Cops & Robbers (1973) iii. 46 He looked out the windshield. 1982 A. Maupin Further Tales of City 59 The houseman wolfed down a deviled egg and scurried out the door. 1992 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 6 Aug. (Educ. Suppl.) 2/2 When you become useless, you're out the door. 2. Outside, beyond; = out of prep. 8. Also occasionally: beyond the range or limits of; = out of prep. 11. Now nonstandard. ΚΠ a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 1640 Mornyng out mesure, to melior he wendes. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 124 (MED) Disposicionz which appereþ in þe face, Som ar naturale som out or bi side naturez [?c1425 Paris vnkyndely; L. preter naturam]. 1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII c. 18 Any other person..inhabiting out the liberte of the said citie. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. i. 38 Both within and out that Wall. View more context for this quotation a1658 J. Cleveland Content in Wks. (1687) 249 Shall I then..Live in, and out the World? 1862 A. McGilvray Poems (ed. 2) 82 What he has felt 'tis out our power to say. 1883 W. D. Howells Woman's Reason (new ed.) I. x. 208 Its history..could not be known out the family. 1977 J. P. Donleavy Destinies Darcy Dancer xv. 209 A thrush chirping its evening song in the first darkness just out the window. 1991 J. Kelman Burn (1992) 144 He spent too much time boozing down the pub. Too much time out the house. †3. [Equivalent to (and possibly after) classical Latin sine (see sine n.³).] Without. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ ?a1425 in D. Knoop & G. P. Jones Mediæval Mason (1933) 268 May sclawndren hys felows oute reson. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xi. 105 The hungre..left the rich outt-shyld, Thaym to vnquart. 1578 T. Cooper Thesaurus (new ed.) Sine arbitrio,..to doe a thing alone out witnesse. †4. Throughout, to the end of. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1692 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §129 Having whipped his Top lustily, quite out all the time that is set him. Phrases In adverbial phrases formed in combination with other adverbs (usually coordinated by and).See also out and out adv., out-and-home adj., out-and-return adj. P1. out and in [Compare in and out adv.] : a. Out of a place and in again; outdoors and indoors again. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > to and fro [phrase] > in and out out and inOE in and out?1504 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xviii. 318 We sceolon eac on ðysum dagum began ure gebedu & fylian urum haligdomum ut & in. OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Deut. (Claud.) xxxi. 2 Ic eom to dæg hundtwelftiwintrae; ne mæg ic lengc faran ut & inn. a1300 Vision St. Paul (Jesus Oxf.) 180 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 152 And creopeþ vt and in ayeyn. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 5615 Ho..gert to pik hit oute & in. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Chron. x. D They bare the vessell out and in. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 169^v The windowes must be so placed,..hauing a hole..in such sort, as the Pigions may easely flee out and in at. 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 72 Girts are Thongs of Leather... Two of them are used to carry the Carriage out and in. 1792 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 667 Duncan sigh'd baith out and in. 1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xiv. 133 I..had the tide going out and in before me in the bay. 1913 R. Frost Mowing in Boy's Will 121 I should prefer to have some boy bend them As he went out and in to fetch the cows. 1952 E. Bowen Hand in Glove in Day in Dark (1965) 208 They had already seen regiments out and in; for quite a number of years, it began to seem, bets in the neighbourhood had been running high. †b. Both on the outside and the inside; thoroughly, altogether. Cf. sense A. 16. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase] > thoroughly > from beginning to end or through and through to the boneOE through and throughc1225 out and outc1300 from top to tail1303 out and inc1390 (from) head to heel (also heels)c1400 (from) head to foot (also feet)c1425 from top to (into, unto) toec1425 to the skin1526 to one's (also the) finger (also fingers') ends1530 from first to last1536 up and down1542 whole out1562 to the pith1587 to the back1594 from A to (also until) Z1612 from clew to earing1627 from top to bottom1666 back and edge1673 all hollow1762 (all) to pieces1788 from A to Za1821 to one's (also the) fingertips1825 to one's fingernails1851 from tip to toe1853 down to the ground1859 to the backbone1864 right the way1867 pur sang1893 from the ground up1895 in and out1895 from soda (card) to hock1902 c1390 [see sense A. 16]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 6485 Þe comamentes ten..If we þam heild, bath vt and in. a1450 in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 76 (MED) Do ryȝtwys dede, out and ynne. 1600 (?a1425) Chester Plays (Harl. 2013) 13 Save yourselfe, bouth out and in. 1842 T. Martin My Namesake in Fraser's Mag. Dec. ‘Full, sir, out and in’, said the cad. P2. out and away: (modifying a superlative) far away; by far, beyond all others. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > greatly or very much [phrase] > to a great extent or by far great quantityc1330 far forthly1362 by farc1380 well awayc1390 by half?a1400 by mucha1450 far (and) away1546 by a great sort1579 to stand head and shoulders abovea1683 (by) a long way1741 by a jugful1831 by all odds1832 by a long, damn, etc., sight1834 out and away1834 (by) a long chalk1835 by chalks1835 by long chalks1835 by a street1886 a whole lot1886 1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 43/1 Beggary is a business, a profession, out-and-away the most thriving, profitable, secure [etc.]. 1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island iv. xvii. 138 ‘Who's the best shot?’..‘Mr. Trelawney, out and away.’ 1946 S. T. Felstead Stars who made Halls xvii. 177 Since his time the best of them, out and away ahead of anybody else, is Cavan O'Connor, who must be the best tenor—Sims Reeves included—ever known on the ‘halls’. P3. out and about: fit and active, going outdoors (esp. after recovering from an illness); travelling around; engaging in social activity. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [phrase] > about out and about1881 the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > recovering [phrase] > moving around or going out out and about1881 1881 L. B. Walford Dick Netherby i. 8 Till Mr. Netherby was out and about again. 1884 R. Buchanan Foxglove Manor II. xxvi. 238 Ellen was already out and about. 1930 London Mercury Feb. 324 He'll be out and about in a fortnight. 1977 Jersey Evening Post 26 July 27/6 Mrs. Munro had entertained to tea at her home several elderly ladies who seldom get out and about. 1991 Z. Edgell In Times like These xviii. 107 He was out and about struggling for recognition, involving himself in activities that would further his political career. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). > see also also refers to : out-prefix < n.1620adj.a1300v.OEadv.int.prep.eOE see also
随便看	be occasionally on two in (also of several minds, etc) be occasionally on two in twenty minds several minds, etc) be occasionally on two minds several minds, etc) be odd with be of a gang be of a mind be of a person's bosom be of a person's enmity be of another's mind be of bosom be of comfort be of common wone be of consent be of days be of divers minds be of enmity be of good cheer be of good comfort be of good courage be of good merchandise be of less age be of low sail be of many minds be of mind be of occasionally in divers minds

outn.

outadj.

outv.

outadv.int.prep.

Phrases

> see also