† orguln.adj.

Forms: Middle English orgeuyll, Middle English orgoyl, Middle English orgueyl, Middle English orgueyll, Middle English orguil, Middle English orgull, Middle English orguyel, Middle English orguyl, Middle English orguyle, Middle English–1500s orgoil, Middle English–1500s orgoill, Middle English–1500s orgul, Middle English–1500s orgule, 1500s orgoile, 1500s orguell, 1800s orgueil; Scottish pre-1700 orgoulle, pre-1700 orgueille, pre-1700 orguele, pre-1700 orguille, pre-1700 orgweill, 1700s orgul.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French orguil, orgolz, orgoill.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman orguil, orgoil, orgoill, orgueil, orgoile, orguille, orgueille, orgule and Old French orgolz (c980), orgoill (c1100), orguil, orguel, orgueil (12th cent.; Middle French, French orgueil ) < an unattested West Germanic (probably Frankish) noun with the sense ‘excellence, pride’ (see orgel n. and adj.). Compare Old Occitan orguoill (c1070), orgolh (a1126; Occitan orguèlh , orgulh ), Catalan orgull (c1200 as urgull ), Spanish orgullo (c1200 as orgüello ), Italian orgoglio (a1250). In the 19th cent. reborrowed as an non-naturalized loan. Compare earlier orgel n. and adj.Attested as a surname in Britain from 1214, but it is likely that this should be taken as reflecting the Anglo-Norman rather than the English word. N.E.D. (1903) enters this under orgueil and gives the non-naturalized pronunciation /ɔrɡœj/.

Obsolete.

A. n.

Pride, haughtiness.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > haughtiness or disdainfulness > [noun]

highnesseOE

orgelnessOE

orgelOE

orgula1200

hautainesse1297

deignoushedec1330

daina1400

hautesse1399

hautainetya1450

orgulitya1470

courage1484

haughtness1489

stateliness1509

stomacha1513

heighta1525

stiffness1526

fastidie1536

disdainfulness1548

loftiness1548

fastidiousness?1555

haughtiness1555

high-mindedness1571

squeamishness1580

hichtiness1596

morguec1598

signory1598

superciliosity1606

overliness1610

superciliousness1622

excelsity1623

hauteura1628

cavalierism1643

supercilium1657

condescendency1667

supercile1679

uncondescension1681

superbness1682

fastidiosity1704

condescension1752

aristocratism1792

aristocracy1822

patricianism1826

touch-me-not-ishness1836

cavalierishness1860

patronization1944

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 63 To temien þe lichames orguil.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 137 Þidteo [read Wiðteo] þi lichame fro orguil.

c1330 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Auch.) 79 in Englische Studien (1885) 8 116 For ȝour bost & your orgoyl [v.rr. orguyl, orgull; pride].

c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 115 (MED) I hatte orgoill the queynte.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. v. 58 The ministris by theyr pryde and orgueyll subuerte Iustice.

1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) xxi. xi. sig. eeiiij^v By my defaute & myn orgule and my pryde,..they were bothe layed ful lowe.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 161 [They] makis vnrychtwis weris for pride or orguille of thair hertis.

1521 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 88 It shall so rebaite his high lookes and orgule.

1570 J. Foxe tr. King Edward III Epist. in Actes & Monuments (rev. ed.) I. 473/2 Not vpon any orgoile, presumption or pryde.

c1786 T. Blaikie Diary Sc. Gardener (1931) 206 Allthough Antoine Richard knew the Botany exceedingly well yet his orgul and presumption frequently destroyed these qualifications.

1833 E. Bulwer-Lytton Eng. & English i. ii Our reserve, and that orgueil, so much more expressive of discontent than of dignity, which is the..proverb of our continental visitors.

B. adj.

Proud, haughty, presumptuous.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > haughtiness or disdainfulness > [adjective]

overmoodeOE

highlyOE

overmoodOE

overmoodyOE

orgelc1175

dangerous?c1225

orgula1275

orgulousc1275

fiercec1290

hautain1297

highfulc1325

squeamousc1325

deignousc1330

digne1340

disdainousc1374

sirlya1375

lordlyc1390

high-hearteda1398

haught1430

haut1430

coppedc1449

excellentc1450

fastidious?a1475

loftyc1485

dain?1507

hichty1513

stiff-necked1526

supercilious1528

haughty1530

taunt?a1534

disdainfula1542

high in the instep1555

skeighc1560

queen-like?1571

surlyc1572

stately1579

coy1581

paughtya1586

steya1586

disdained1598

dortya1605

lordlike1605

overly1606

magnatical1608

stiff1608

surly-borne1609

high-sighted1610

lofty-minded1611

sublimed1611

patronizing1619

lording1629

sublimated1634

cavaliering1642

uncondescending1660

nose-in-the-air1673

sidy1673

fastuose1674

uncondescensive1681

condescending1707

stiff-rumped1728

fastidiose1730

cavalier1751

ogertful1754

pawky1809

supercilian1825

splendid1833

touch-me-not1852

pincé1858

high-stepping1867

eyeglassy1871

sniffy1871

cavalierly1876

snifty1889

Olympian1900

ritzy1920

mugwumpish1923

blasé1930

stiff-arsed1937

nose-high1939

a1275 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Trin. Cambr.) (1955) 100 Idilscipe & orgul-prude, [a1300 Jesus Oxf. ouer-prude] þat lerit ȝung wif leþere þewes.

1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 28^v Sic orgweill mynde to suffer it not docht.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	orgul
释义	† orguln.adj. Forms: Middle English orgeuyll, Middle English orgoyl, Middle English orgueyl, Middle English orgueyll, Middle English orguil, Middle English orgull, Middle English orguyel, Middle English orguyl, Middle English orguyle, Middle English–1500s orgoil, Middle English–1500s orgoill, Middle English–1500s orgul, Middle English–1500s orgule, 1500s orgoile, 1500s orguell, 1800s orgueil; Scottish pre-1700 orgoulle, pre-1700 orgueille, pre-1700 orguele, pre-1700 orguille, pre-1700 orgweill, 1700s orgul. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French orguil, orgolz, orgoill. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman orguil, orgoil, orgoill, orgueil, orgoile, orguille, orgueille, orgule and Old French orgolz (c980), orgoill (c1100), orguil, orguel, orgueil (12th cent.; Middle French, French orgueil ) < an unattested West Germanic (probably Frankish) noun with the sense ‘excellence, pride’ (see orgel n. and adj.). Compare Old Occitan orguoill (c1070), orgolh (a1126; Occitan orguèlh , orgulh ), Catalan orgull (c1200 as urgull ), Spanish orgullo (c1200 as orgüello ), Italian orgoglio (a1250). In the 19th cent. reborrowed as an non-naturalized loan. Compare earlier orgel n. and adj.Attested as a surname in Britain from 1214, but it is likely that this should be taken as reflecting the Anglo-Norman rather than the English word. N.E.D. (1903) enters this under orgueil and gives the non-naturalized pronunciation /ɔrɡœj/. Obsolete. A. n. Pride, haughtiness. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > haughtiness or disdainfulness > [noun] highnesseOE orgelnessOE orgelOE orgula1200 hautainesse1297 deignoushedec1330 daina1400 hautesse1399 hautainetya1450 orgulitya1470 courage1484 haughtness1489 stateliness1509 stomacha1513 heighta1525 stiffness1526 fastidie1536 disdainfulness1548 loftiness1548 fastidiousness?1555 haughtiness1555 high-mindedness1571 squeamishness1580 hichtiness1596 morguec1598 signory1598 superciliosity1606 overliness1610 superciliousness1622 excelsity1623 hauteura1628 cavalierism1643 supercilium1657 condescendency1667 supercile1679 uncondescension1681 superbness1682 fastidiosity1704 condescension1752 aristocratism1792 aristocracy1822 patricianism1826 touch-me-not-ishness1836 cavalierishness1860 patronization1944 a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 63 To temien þe lichames orguil. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 137 Þidteo [read Wiðteo] þi lichame fro orguil. c1330 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Auch.) 79 in Englische Studien (1885) 8 116 For ȝour bost & your orgoyl [v.rr. orguyl, orgull; pride]. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 115 (MED) I hatte orgoill the queynte. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. v. 58 The ministris by theyr pryde and orgueyll subuerte Iustice. 1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) xxi. xi. sig. eeiiij^v By my defaute & myn orgule and my pryde,..they were bothe layed ful lowe. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 161 [They] makis vnrychtwis weris for pride or orguille of thair hertis. 1521 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 88 It shall so rebaite his high lookes and orgule. 1570 J. Foxe tr. King Edward III Epist. in Actes & Monuments (rev. ed.) I. 473/2 Not vpon any orgoile, presumption or pryde. c1786 T. Blaikie Diary Sc. Gardener (1931) 206 Allthough Antoine Richard knew the Botany exceedingly well yet his orgul and presumption frequently destroyed these qualifications. 1833 E. Bulwer-Lytton Eng. & English i. ii Our reserve, and that orgueil, so much more expressive of discontent than of dignity, which is the..proverb of our continental visitors. B. adj. Proud, haughty, presumptuous. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > haughtiness or disdainfulness > [adjective] overmoodeOE highlyOE overmoodOE overmoodyOE orgelc1175 dangerous?c1225 orgula1275 orgulousc1275 fiercec1290 hautain1297 highfulc1325 squeamousc1325 deignousc1330 digne1340 disdainousc1374 sirlya1375 lordlyc1390 high-hearteda1398 haught1430 haut1430 coppedc1449 excellentc1450 fastidious?a1475 loftyc1485 dain?1507 hichty1513 stiff-necked1526 supercilious1528 haughty1530 taunt?a1534 disdainfula1542 high in the instep1555 skeighc1560 queen-like?1571 surlyc1572 stately1579 coy1581 paughtya1586 steya1586 disdained1598 dortya1605 lordlike1605 overly1606 magnatical1608 stiff1608 surly-borne1609 high-sighted1610 lofty-minded1611 sublimed1611 patronizing1619 lording1629 sublimated1634 cavaliering1642 uncondescending1660 nose-in-the-air1673 sidy1673 fastuose1674 uncondescensive1681 condescending1707 stiff-rumped1728 fastidiose1730 cavalier1751 ogertful1754 pawky1809 supercilian1825 splendid1833 touch-me-not1852 pincé1858 high-stepping1867 eyeglassy1871 sniffy1871 cavalierly1876 snifty1889 Olympian1900 ritzy1920 mugwumpish1923 blasé1930 stiff-arsed1937 nose-high1939 a1275 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Trin. Cambr.) (1955) 100 Idilscipe & orgul-prude, [a1300 Jesus Oxf. ouer-prude] þat lerit ȝung wif leþere þewes. 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 28^v Sic orgweill mynde to suffer it not docht. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.a1200
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