originaladj.n.
/əˈrɪdʒn̩l/, /əˈrɪdʒᵻnl/, U.S. /əˈrɪdʒən(ə)l/, /əˈrɪdʒn(ə)l/ A. adj.† 3. Anatomy. Designating the external jugular vein. Cf. organal adj.1, organic adj. 1, organical adj. 4. Obsolete.† 4.
1.
a. That is the origin or source of something; from which something springs, proceeds, or is derived; primary.Recorded earliest in original writ n. at Compounds 2.Now sometimes associated or merged with sense A. 2a.
ΚΠ
a1325 Statutes of Realm in MS Rawl. B.520 f. 65v In þe biginninge..algates bez toloken þe writes origenals.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 259v An vnresonable beste..þe face þerof boweþ toward þe erþe, þat is þe original and material matiere.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) Prol. 327 He lefte moche be-hynde Of the story... The firste mevyng and cause original, What was the gynnyng and rote in special.
a1475 (a1447) O. Bokenham Mappula Angliae in Englische Studien (1887) 10 10 (MED) The seid flode Dea takithe his originalle begynnynge at a lake clepid Pymbilenere.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) viii. 36 For you therof were fyrst orygynall grounde.
1551 Bible (Matthew's) Rom. Prol. The rote and orygynall fountayne of all synne.
1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity ix. 27 There is another fraud, and indeed the more principal and original one, in the distribution of these Excellencies immediately into three.
a1771 T. Gray Agrippina in Poems (1775) 131 Shake her own creation To its original atoms.
1788 J. Madison in Federalist Papers xlix. 108 As the people are the only legitimate fountain of power..it seems strictly consonant to the republican theory, to recur to the same original authority.
1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 403 A writer..who goes back beyond the printed annalists to original and documentary authorities.
1872 Wharton's Law Lexicon (ed. 5) Original and derivative estates. An original is the first of several estates, bearing to each other the relation of a particular estate and a reversion.
1951 R. Firth Elements Social Organization ii. 53 The Tikopia lineages are patrilineal, membership being traced through the father along the male line to an original male ancestor.
1991 Garden (Royal Hort. Soc.) Feb. 83/2 (caption) Two cultivars of Daphne bholua in Alan Postill's garden: ‘Gurkha’, the deciduous shrub on the right, and the original seedling of the evergreen ‘Jacqueline Postill’.
b. spec. Designating the thing, as a document, text, picture, etc., from which another is copied or reproduced; that is the original (see A. 3).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > originality or non-imitation > [adjective] > made by the person himself
original1599
first-handed1825
first hand1845
1599 J. Rainolds Overthrow Stage-playes 144 If you had considered that woord in the originall text of the Gospell.
c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1920) I. 12 In December and Januare..as the originall warrand beiris.
1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes i. §41. 66 The originall word translated wrath, signifieth a fervor, fiercenesse, or vehemency of anger.
1688 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 231 As to ye Delivery of ye Originall Letters or Instructions.
1702 S. Pepys Let. 13 Sept. (1926) II. 272 A strict measure cutt in paper of the originall writeing..and..a strict copy taken of the sayd writeing.
1781 S. Johnson Pope in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets VII. 70 The original copy of the Iliad, which..is now..reposited in the Museum.
1850 N. Hawthorne Scarlet Let. Introd. 38 The original papers, together with the scarlet letter itself,..are still in my possession.
1966 M. Woodhouse Tree Frog xviii 131 They gave me..copies of Lorca in the original Spanish.
1990 Artist's & Illustrator's Mag. May 46 (advt.) High quality four-colour hand-printed reproductions..taken from your original paintings or transparencies.
2.
a. Belonging to the beginning or earliest stage of something; existing at or from the first; earliest, first in time.original sin: see Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [adjective]
mother?c1225
originalc1350
radicala1398
primitive?a1425
fundamentalc1449
primordial?a1450
primea1500
primary1565
nativea1592
fundamentive1593
primordiate1599
primara1603
remote1605
originousa1637
originary1638
parental1647
principiate1654
fontal1656
underivative1656
underived1656
fountainous1662
first hand1699
matricular1793
first-handed1855
protomorphic1887
the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [adjective] > first or prior to all others
formec888
eldestc897
firstlOE
originalc1350
foremosta1400
furthermost?a1400
primary?a1425
primatea1425
primea1500
arch1574
soon1591
origin1632
utter1634
premier1652
aboriginary1653
furthest1653
fontal1656
principial1699
première1768
protological1936
first-ever1955
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > originality or non-imitation > [adjective] > of a document, etc.
principal1469
original1597
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 102 (MED) Oryginale þys senne hys cleped, For man of kende hyt takeþ.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 658 The lawe original, Which he hath set in the natures.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) viii. 1692 (MED) Thorigynal ground of pride was Sathan.
a1500 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 162 Cryste made mane..Lyke vnto þe trynite..By resoun, vertue, And orygynall Iustice.
?1593 H. Chettle Kind-harts Dreame sig. A4 I am as sory, as if the originall fault had beene my fault.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lii. 109 The very first originall element of our nature.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxiii. 200 Who were the originall writers of the severall Books of Holy Scripture, has not been made evident.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 52 This is th' Orig'nal Contract [L. aeteran foedera]; these the Laws Impos'd by Nature, and by Nature's Cause. View more context for this quotation
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 156. ⁋1 The re-establishment of its original constitution.
1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) I. i. i. 19 Many, professing to be original witnesses of the Christian miracles.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 237 Oates..soon added a large supplement to his original narrative.
1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight ii. 15 The original color of the iris is blue, and depends not upon a pigment, or coloring matter, but upon what opticians call an ‘interference phenomenon’.
a1916 J. London Water Baby in On Makaloa Mat (1919) 158 When only two sharks were left, they were the two biggest of the original forty.
1979 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 291 56 The uraninite and gold were originally mechanically deposited..in ancient placers, some of whose original constituents have been modified..by subsequent recrystallization.
1993 Body & Soul Fall 10/2 (advt.) Lacteeze is the original lactose-reduced fluid milk.
b. In extended use (of a person): that is so by birth or nature; born.Originally with allusion to the idea of original sin; later in more general sense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [adjective] > innate or natural > of a person
born1551
original1720
inborn1818
1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 182 I..was..an original Thief, and a Pyrate..by Inclination.
1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 5 He was an original Rogue.
1894 ‘I. Maclaren’ Beside Bonnie Brier Bush iv. iv. 159 Elspeth,..div ye ken that ye're an oreeginal sinner?
1966 J. Ashford Consider Evid. ix. 82 ‘I can do my best, but no more than that.’ ‘You're the original optimist.’
1993 Racing Post 20 Feb. 9/2 Merry Master is the original big fish in a small pond. He likes to be kingpin, dominant.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > vein > [adjective] > specific vein
organica1400
original1486
basilic?1541
ankle vein1574
sciatical1598
organical1607
basilical1650
subclavicular1656
subclavial1664
saphenal1828
portal venous1833
brachio-cephalic1836
saphenous1840
postcaval1866
precaval1866
tracheloscapular1891
renovascular1902
1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. civv Do let hir [sc. a hawk's] blode in the Origynal vayne, and after that yeue hir a frogge for to eete, and she shall be hooll.
a. Perhaps: of the same origin; having the same ancestry, or native of the same place. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [adjective]
descendantc1429
branchedc1475
originala1500
descended1565
descending1594
originary1594
exact1596
prognatec1600
a1500 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Chetham) l. 2138 + 2 He louid me moste ouer [alle] wyth him I am oryginall.
b. Originating from; having its origin in. With upon. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [phrase] > originating from
original1679
arising out of1922
1679 in G. Hickes Spirit of Popery (1680) 9 Not only Prelacy, Popery, Malignancy and Heresie, but Supremacy, and every thing Original upon and derivate from it.
5. † b. More generally: not deriving from or depending on any other thing of the kind; inherent; independent. Obsolete.
a. Created, composed, or done by a person directly; produced first-hand; not imitated or copied from another.
ΚΠ
1650 W. Davenant Pref. to Godibert 10 Tis with Originall Poems as with the Originall Peeces of Painters, whose Coppies abate the excessiue price of the first Hand.
1700 J. Dryden Fables Pref. sig. *Av I have added some Original Papers of my own.
1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages I. ii. 161 The exclusive exercise of original judicature in their dominions.
1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art i. 54 There is a certain quality about an original drawing which you cannot get in a woodcut.
1900 G. C. Brodrick Mem. & Impr. 182 Apostles of ‘mature study and original research’.
1976 Milton Keynes Express 23 July 3/2 He was presented with a wristwatch and an original watercolour landscape of Sherington.
2001 Dirty Linen Dec. 74/2 The Liän Ensemble..performs original compositions inspired by traditional Persian music.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [adjective]
propera1325
indwelling14..
resident1525
subsistenta1530
corporate1531
immanent1535
intrinsical?1545
integral1551
inexistent1553
internal1564
subjective1564
insident1583
inward1587
inherent1588
imminent1605
inhering1609
intern1612
subjectory1614
intimate1632
inhesive1639
intrinsic1642
implantate1650
medullary1651
implicit1658
inexisting1678
originala1682
indwelt1855
a1682 Sir T. Browne Let. to Friend (1690) 7 They that enter the World with original Diseases as well as Sin..live not at length.
1792 R. Guy Pract. Observ. Cancers 27 When these..arise from no apparent Cause, they may be deemed original Affections.
1834 S. Cooper Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 441 I mean, where the hooping-cough is original.
1877 E. R. Conder Basis of Faith ix. 400 In an original (that is, independent) and perfect moral being—such as we conceive God to be.
6.
a. Having the quality of that which proceeds directly from oneself; such as has not been done or produced before; novel or fresh in character or style.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > newness or novelty > [adjective] > fresh or new
newa1300
moistc1390
undiffadedc1430
green1585
youthful1594
virent1595
virgin1600
unhandleda1657
virginala1659
original1756
untrite1781
unclichéd1946
1756 J. Warton Ess. on Pope I. iii. 190 Dante wrote his sublime and original poem, which is a kind of satirical Epic.
1808 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 19 209 I send you the following observations, not because they are new or original, but because I conceive them to be useful.
1882 H. C. Merivale Faucit of Balliol I. vi. 97 Even on the perplexing mysteries of Aristotle's Ethics he could throw an original light.
1912 H. Belloc This & That 100 They hammer out a lyric quite undistinguishable from its models, and yet to them a poignantly original thing.
1990 A. Stevens On Jung iii. 39 Like all great ideas, the archetypal hypothesis is not entirely original.
b. Of a person: given to independent exercise of the mind or imagination; capable of original ideas or actions; inventive, creative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > inventive or creative faculty > [adjective]
imaginativec1405
inventivec1450
feigning1483
creativea1513
inventative1541
inventious1591
conceitful1594
forgetive1600
productive1612
projecting1614
excogitous1646
plastic1662
ingeniary1664
formful1730
forgeful1751
inventful1797
original-minded1797
original1803
originative1811
vivid1814
fingent1837
constructive1841
right-brained1871
poietic1905
1803 S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 35/2 There are very few original eyes and ears. The great mass see and hear as they are directed by others.
1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes ii. 73 Such a man is what we call an original man; he comes to us at first hand.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 192 A great original genius struggling with unequal conditions of knowledge.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 153/2 Acosta was not an original thinker, but he stands in the direct line of the rational Deists.
1975 T. Callender It so Happen 73 He had stopped being original and creative a long time ago.
1995 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 5 Oct. 36/2 Saramago's wit is frequently blunted by..a sleeve-twitching tendency he seems to deploy in order to remind the reader that he is an original writer.
7. Of or belonging to the period in which a work of art was first produced; (esp. of a musical instrument) dating from or of the type used for early performances; period, authentic.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > [adjective] > other attributes
rural1592
unstringed1597
unstrung1598
keyed1761
fingerable1818
keyless1830
omnitonic1861
solo1862
sewing machine1874
unplayed1875
original1899
electrified1938
melodic1938
analogue1976
acoustic1978
1899 N.Y. Times 24 Sept. 20/3 If possible, the original instruments for which Bach wrote will be used.
1911 E. Newman tr. A. Schweitzer J. S. Bach II. xxxv. 447 The only original instrument to be considered in connection with the realisation of the thorough-bass is the organ.
1973 Early Music 1 39/1 These highly dramatic pieces are twice as effective on their original instrument as they are on the recorder.
1993 Artist's & Illustrator's Mag. (BNC) Jan. Whilst these original materials are no longer available.., modern equivalents..are on sale in most art shops.
B. n.
I. Something from which others derive.
1. † a. The thing or person from which something springs or is derived; a source, cause; an originator, creator. Obsolete.† c. Applied by Wyntoun to the first part of his chronicle or history (see quot.). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [noun] > one who originates
sower1380
originalc1390
beginnerc1400
authrix?a1475
mother1560
grandmother1569
seedster1589
father-in-law1650
originator1818
originatress1840
incubator1864
originant1892
c1390 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale 500 O cause first of oure confusioun, O original of oure dampnacioun.
c1460 J. Lydgate Praise of Peace 9 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 786 (MED) Misericordia, ground and original Of this processe; Pax is conclusioun.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. iv. 16 The fader Eneas..Of Romane lynnage the originall [L. origo].
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ecclus. x. 13 Pryde is the origenall of all synne.
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. iii. sig. E3 I know the Lady, and her friends, and meanes, The originall of this disaster. View more context for this quotation
1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall i. 6 Of the opinion of Thales, that water was the originall of all things.
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. iv. 30 They..thought maturely of the Causes of things, and traced them to their Original.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 465. ¶ 4 Spangled Heav'ns, a Shining Frame, Their great Original proclaim.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. xiv. 367 How may we chide that which is of earth for bearing some colour of its original?
1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona iv. 44 A fomenter of discontent, and..the unmistakeable original of the deed in question.
b. Law. An original writ. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > writs issuing from Chancery
original writa1325
pleadable briefc1400
liberate1418
original1450
brieve1609
sequestration1768
1354 Rolls of Parl. II. 259/1 A receivre les Briefs, si bien Originals de la Chauncellerie come Judicials souz les Seals des Justices.]
1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 201/1 Such juggement..as they shuld have upon eny originall sued ayenst hym by the cours of the comon' lawes.
1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII c. 1 The person..that will first sue for the same, by originall of dette.
1719 J. Lilly Pract. Reg. II. 262 When two Originals are certified, one by the Plaintiff in the Errors, and the other by the Defendant in the Errors, the Defendant's Original shall stand.
1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon at Process In other cases their processes or modes of commencing the suits were as follows:—..By original..By bill.
1990 J. H. Baker Introd. Eng. Legal Hist. (ed. 3) iv. 64 The development which turned other executive writs into originals was the introduction of an option.
ΚΠ
a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Adv. 19.2.3) i. Prol. l. 96 The titill of þis tretyss haile I will be callit Originall, For that begynnyng sall mak cleire Be plane process our mater.
2. The thing or person in relation to which something else is a copy, imitation, or reproduction.
a. The writing or, less commonly, the phrase or word from which another is translated; the text upon which another is based or modelled in content, style, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > written text > [noun] > original in relation to notes or other texts
textc1369
original?a1425
society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > [noun] > original
original?a1425
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f.176v (MED) Somtyme be founden among doctours diuersite of degreez þat, perauenture, haþ occasioun of diuersitez of bigynnyng or of originalez [L. originis] of þam.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. 2118 Þouȝ þe makyng be þe same in al As Guydo wryt in his original.
c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 1558 Ye gete namore of me, but ye wole rede Th'origynal [v.rr. The orygynall, thorygenall], that telleth al the cas.
1532 R. Whitford Pype or Tonne f. lv Whyche thynge saynt Augustine vtterly forbedeth in the original of your rule.
1595 A. Copley Wits Fittes & Fancies iii. 79 Your selfe being the Originall, what would you doe with the translation?
1611 Bible (King James) Luke xvi. 7 (margin) The word here interpreted measures, in the originall conteineth about foureteene bushels and a pottle.
1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ vi The resemblance is more visible in the original than in our translation.
1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 99 He would..sustain himself by continual appeal to his originals.
1873 B. Lodge Note Pallad. on Husb. v. 118 The original is ‘proximam tenui atque jejunæ’.
1917 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 25 531 Dana changed kollophan to collophanite, but since the name has not come into general use it is preferable to use the English equivalent of the original.
1985 M. Meyer Strindberg iii. 34 Strindberg, thanks to his Icelandic studies, was now able to read the great sagas in the original.
b. The writing or document of which another is a copy or transcript.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > written text > [noun] > original in relation to transcript
original1483
manuscript1607
antigraph1656
protograph1841
diploma1845
Urtext1932
vorlage1965
1483 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council (1918) ii. p. cxxix The said William..sall have a transsumpt..of the charter..and the said Robert..to have the originale.
1494 in T. Sharp Diss. Pageants Coventry (1825) 15 Paid to John Harryes for berying of þe Orygynall þat day, vjd.
?a1500 in Trans. Shropshire Archæol. & Nat. Hist. Soc. 3rd Ser. 3 62 Rogerus, filius Roberti le forster de Welynton'—hit ys Basedi in thorygenull.
1533 in D. E. Eason & A. Macdonald Charters Abbey of Inchcoln (1938) 19 The forme of the originall remanand in the said regestir.
a1601 W. Lambarde Archion (1635) 58 The Chancellour hath also the Seale of simple Justice, and keepeth (as it were) the forge and shop of all Originalls.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. xiii. 161 They carried the copie to the King of Spaine, and the original to their viceroy of Peru.
1776 Trial Maha Rajah Nundocomar for Forgery 98/2 I never shewed him the original, before I shewed him the copy.
1821 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Writings (1984) 100 As he put it into his pocket, he said carelessly that he had either the original, or another copy of it.
1875 F. H. A. Scrivener 6 Lect. Text New Test. 5 When several transcripts have to be taken from the same original.
1959 T. S. Eliot Elder Statesman ii. 57 I'm afraid I can't show you the originals... But I have photostats Which are quite as good, I'm told.
1997 I. Sinclair Lights out for Territory (1998) 28 The originals of these documents are presumably bagged and stored in some Secret State facility.
c. The object or person represented by a picture or other image; a picture or other work of art in its relation to a copy of it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > originality or non-imitation > [noun] > the real thing
the natural1589
life1600
original1624
(the) genuine article1794
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > the thing copied
the natural1589
original1624
1624 T. Gataker Discuss. Transubstant. 82 Of the Image there must needs be some originall.
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture III. 25/2 Copying other mens work, as being originals more constant..than any living object.
1781 W. Cowper Charity 433 Such was the portrait an apostle drew, The bright original was one he knew.
1816 J. Austen Emma I. vii. 115 At this moment, perhaps, Mr. Elton is shewing your picture to his mother and sisters, telling how much more beautiful is the original . View more context for this quotation
1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. iii. 99 She has sent her a portrait of the prince, from the pencil of Titian, which she was to return so soon as she was in possession of the living original.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 970/2 The copy, which he produced in 1523, of the portrait group of Leo X by Raphael..is now in the Naples Museum, the original being in the Pitti Gallery.
1977 P. G. Winslow Witch Hill Murder ii. xvi. 215 It's [sc. a portrait] always said to have been one of Laszlo's best... Very like the original.
2001 Sciences (Nexis) 1 Jan. 32 A reproduction may have been made as a tribute to the original artist or as an exercise, and only later become confused with the original.
d. A person upon whom a character in a literary work is based. Also in extended use (of places).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > fiction > [noun] > creation or description of characters > person on whom character is based
original1837
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > fiction > [noun] > place on which literary location is based
original1924
1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott I. viii. 265 They staid there for a day or two, in the course of which Scott had his first and only interview with David Ritchie, the original of his Black Dwarf.
1873 J. Forster Life Dickens II. ii. 30 Mrs. Gamp's original was in reality a person hired by a most distinguished friend of his own..to take charge of an invalid very dear to her.
1924 A. L. Hayward Dickens Encycl. 102/1 Maidstone. It is very probable that this old county town was the original of Muggleton.
1984 A. N. Wilson Hilaire Belloc ii. xi. 249 Father O'Connor, the ‘original’ of Father Brown, came down from his Yorkshire parish.
e. An impression produced directly by photography, sound recording, etc., from which copies may subsequently be made.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > [noun] > a recording > original or not a copy
original1918
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > a photograph > [noun] > original or master photograph
original1918
1918 H. Seymour Reprod. Sound 16 At first, every record sold to the public was an original, or what is technically described as a ‘master’, but means were soon found by which copies could be secured from the master.
1949 J. G. Frayne & H. Wolfe Elem. Sound Recording xiv. 266 Making the master from the original is a process involving several operations.
1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes v. 192 Sometimes the original itself may not have good reproductive qualities.
1970 A. Fowles Dupe Negative xiv. 196 This type of film doesn't have a negative... The piece of film that actually runs through the camera is called the original..from which all subsequent prints are struck.
1986 L. Grant-Adamson Guilty Knowl. (1988) xii. 98 The day a photograph appears in a publication is the worst time to ask anyone to put their hands on the original.
3. figurative and in extended use. An archetype; something which serves as a model or basis for later imitations or copies.
ΚΠ
1611 J. Donne Anat. World sig. Bv Shee that was best, and first originall Of all faire copies.
1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. ix. 443 There can be no so dreadful Original, from whence pleasant Copies are not to be taken.
1692 J. Dryden Eleonora 20 And, cou'd there be A Copy near th' Original, 'twas she.
1730 A. Gordon tr. F. S. Maffei Compl. Hist. Anc. Amphitheatres 149 An Original for the others to copy from.
1785 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia vi. 105 An afflicting picture..which..I am glad to believe has no original.
1892 S. R. Gardiner Student's Hist. Eng. 12 Cunobelin, the original of Shakspere's Cymbeline.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 47/2 The Market Cross... The original was designed in 1682 by John Montgomery.
1990 Orientations Apr. 57/1 The oldest and most sacred of the Potala shrines.., is the original of which all the known examples are copies.
4. That which is not copied from something else; an original work.
a. A writing, picture, or other work produced first-hand by the author or maker; a work of literature or art that is not a copy or imitation; an original portrait.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > originality or non-imitation > [noun] > an original
copy14..
principal1489
authentic1599
original1683
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > work of art > [noun] > types of > original
original1683
Lowry1957
1683 D. A. Whole Art Converse Pref. Of this Treatise, I shall only add, 'tis an Original.
1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iii. i. 4 The former Class [of writers], who are contented to copy Nature, instead of forming Originals from the confused heap of Matter in their own Brains. View more context for this quotation
1763 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting III. iv. 119 He sold many of his pieces for originals by Italian hands.
1825 W. Scott Jrnl. 20 Nov. (1939) 3 Both these great connoisseurs were very nearly..agreed, that there are no absolutely undoubted originals of Queen Mary.
1894 ‘M. Twain’ Pudd'nhead Wilson xxi. 279 To the untrained eye the collection of delicate originals made by the human finger on the glass plates looked about alike.
1990 M. Harris Hemingway's Suitcase xv. 113 It was in an elaborate gilt and ochre frame and it was done in a process that even simulated the impasto, so that for a person not knowledgeable about art it might be taken for an original.
b. A garment specially designed for exhibition in a fashion collection; (also) a copy of such a garment made to order.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > made by specific manufacturer > other
creation1855
couture1928
original1939
1939 New Yorker 30 Sept. 7 One is a Balenciaga original, the other is a bloomingdale twin reproduction.
1946 B. G. Chambers Keys to Fashion Career x. 86 Partner and designer of the firm of Young Originals.
1957 M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 238 Original, a garment designed in and produced by a couture house, bearing the label of the house. It is usually a duplication made to order of the model shown in the collection. Each order is called a ‘repeat’ by the couture house.
1976 Observer 22 Feb. 32/5 (advt.) Anna Belinda announce that until February 28th they will continue to add a further distinction to their hand-made originals in silks, velvets and Liberty prints.
1985 J. Merrill Late Settings i. 27 Dressed, this year, in Ferdi Plinthbower originals.
c. A piece of music written by its performer(s).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > [noun] > piece written by performers
original1966
1966 Crescendo Oct. 22/3 The Monk Quartet was playing originals—‘Hackensack’, ‘Rhythm-A-Ning’ and ‘Epistrophy’.
1967 Melody Maker 28 Jan. 15/5 The material is a nice mixture of originals, blues and ballads.
1993 Tucson (Arizona) Weekly 13 Jan. 14/4 His fingers pick out their mix of traditional tunes and originals on acoustic guitar and an old National steel dobro.
II. The process of derivation, and related senses.
5. † b. Descent, extraction, parentage. Obsolete.† c. Beginning, commencement (without reference to cause or derivation); the first or earliest stage. Obsolete.† d. Anatomy. = origination n. 1b. Obsolete.
a. The fact of arising or being derived from something; origin, derivation. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [noun] > origination or derivation
originalc1425
originationc1443
offspringa1500
origin1528
descent1532
outspring1538
breeding1549
pedigree1566
exorture1578
genesis1604
edition1605
derivation1609
elementing1638
procedure1651
ingeneration1652
originacy1659
filiation1799
upgrowth1844
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 3902 (MED) Loue, moste in special, Of feithfulnes hath his original.
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 153 (MED) Englische men other Saxones toke theire originalle [L. originem] of Germanye.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xciiij The cause & originall of that sedition, was declared also foure yeares synce.
1646 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 243 It is from these sources that the Rhone and the Rhine..derive their originals.
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture II. 69/2 The Circus and Amphitheatre..all owe their original to the Theatre.
1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages I. ii. 205 Some word of barbarous original.
1822 J. Galt Provost xxv. 186 He was in his original, a lad of the place, who had gone into Glasgow.
1874 H. Rogers Superhuman Origin Bible App. 445 The first verse simply ascribes the original of all things to the will of God.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 98/2 This was the original of the Royal Society..which received its charter in 1662.
1918 F. Adler Ethical Philos. Life ii. i. 78 Darwin's well-known explanation of the original of conscience.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > [noun]
kinc892
strindc900
i-cundeOE
bloodOE
kindredOE
birtha1250
strainc1275
gesta1300
offspring?a1300
lineagea1330
descentc1330
linec1330
progenya1382
generationc1384
engendrurec1390
ancestry?a1400
genealogya1400
kind?a1400
stranda1400
coming?a1425
bedc1430
descencec1443
descension1447
ligneea1450
originc1450
family1474
originala1475
extraction1477
nativityc1485
parentelea1492
stirpc1503
stem?c1550
race1563
parentage1565
brood1590
ancientry1596
descendance1599
breeding1600
descendancy1603
delineation1606
extract1631
ancestory1650
agnation1782
havage1799
engendure1867
a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 9156 (MED) Off wormys (in especyal) He took hys orygynal, And in-to wormys he shal tourne.
a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) i. 19 Off Adam the originall, Of all our kind is cummyn haill.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. v. f. 27v The people are verye fierse and warlyke men, hauing theyr original of the Canybales.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1814) xxii Which declaireth thame to tak thair originall of the Irisch natione.
1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 5 We will..discourse of the Original of this Diabolus. View more context for this quotation
c1730 in W. Skene Highlanders (1837) I. 156 These are subdivided into smaller branches of fifty or sixty men, who deduce their original from their particular chieftains.
1784 J. Potter Virtuous Villagers I. 147 Notwithstanding his mean original, he was not satisfied with upwards of three hundred pounds a year.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [noun]
ordeOE
thresholdeOE
frumthc950
anginOE
frumeOE
worthOE
beginninga1225
springc1225
springc1225
commencementc1250
ginninga1300
comsingc1325
entryc1330
aginning1340
alphac1384
incomea1400
formec1400
ingressc1420
birtha1425
principlea1449
comsementa1450
resultancec1450
inition1463
inceptiona1483
entering1526
originala1529
inchoation1530
opening1531
starting1541
principium1550
entrance1553
onset1561
rise1589
begin1590
ingate1591
overture1595
budding1601
initiationa1607
starting off1616
dawninga1631
dawn1633
impriminga1639
start1644
fall1647
initial1656
outset1664
outsettinga1698
going off1714
offsetting1782
offset1791
commence1794
aurora1806
incipiency1817
set-out1821
set-in1826
throw-off1828
go-off1830
outstart1844
start1857
incipience1864
oncome1865
kick-off1875
off-go1886
off1896
get-go1960
lift-off1967
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Aiiv By measure all thynge is wrought. As at the fyrst orygynall.
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 219 Touching the originall, proceeding, and euent of these warres, I willingly spare to speake muche.
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. x. 240 Words, that..will be found, in their first Original..not to stand for any clear..Ideas.
1723 H. Rowlands Mona Antiqua Restaurata ii. 270 We date and fix the Original of Druidism about the Time of Abraham.
1753 E. Carter (title) The History of the University of Cambridge from its Original to the Year 1753.
1784 E. Allen Reason xi. §1. 361 Animal life has, from its original, consisted of the same sort of nature.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > specific areas or structures > [noun] > root or base > fact of having
original1578
origination1666
1578 J. Banister Hist. Man viii. f. 104v Their [sc. the nerves] originall is from the seate or foundation of the brayne.
1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 30 All vaines haue their originall in the liuer.
1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) ii. iv. 93 The Pleura having taken its Original about the Back.
III. A person or thing which represents an original or singular variety.
6. In plural.† a. Original or fundamental elements. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical elements > [noun]
elementa1300
spirita1393
bodya1398
originalsc1484
red mana1500
principlea1550
principium1684
c1484 (a1475) J. de Caritate tr. Secreta Secret. (Takamiya) (1977) 182 (MED) Þe composicion of vegetablys is mor wurthi þan þe composicionis of originallis, þat is to sey, of þe speris.
a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 95 Of hem ys maad by lenghthe of tyme all maner of kynde of composisiouns, þat originals, minerals, vegitables, & bestyals. And originals er what þyng ys engelyd yn þe entrailles of þe erthe, and yn þe depnesse of þe sees, & in Cauees of hilles.
1616 J. Smith Descr. New Eng. 15 Her treasures hauing yet neuer beene opened, nor her originalls wasted, consumed, nor abused.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 511 Up they turnd Wide the Celestial soile, and saw beneath Th' originals of Nature in thir crude Conception. View more context for this quotation
b. Original inhabitants, settlers, practitioners, etc. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > original inhabitant
aborigine?1529
autochthon1579
aborigen1587
native1603
originals1703
aboriginal1749
primitive1779
aboriginary1869
tangata whenua1949
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > colonist or settler > [noun] > other specific colonists or settlers
pilgrim1630
originals1703
old settler1744
Big Knife1750
out-settler1755
provincial1756
Boer1776
freeman1791
Pilgrim Fathers1799
back-settler1809
undertaker1819
oecist1846
Argonaut1848
Canterbury pilgrim1850
poblador1850
shagroon1851
forty-niner1853
planter1858
inside squatter1881
local white1888
Minyan1928
1703 W. Penn in Mem. Hist. Soc. Pennsylvania (1870) IX. 205 If the coming of others shall overrule us that are the originals.
1903 N.E.D. at Original a. & sb. Mod. colloq. They are only recent members; we're the originals.
1991 Fly Rod & Reel Mar. 40/3 The living casting descendants of the originals [sc. titans of Limestone fishing].
7.
a. A person who acts in an original way; a singular, odd, or eccentric person.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > deviation from normal standards of behaviour > one who
erratic1623
exorbitant1627
inconformable1633
non-conformant1654
original1675
nonconformista1677
eccentric1832
originalist1835
Bohemian1843
oddball1943
antisocial1945
left fielder1953
boho1958
alternative1982
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > slight madness > crankiness or eccentricity > person
fantastical1589
fantastic1598
earwig brain1599
extravagant1627
fanatic1644
energumen1660
original1675
toy-pate1702
gig1777
quiz1780
quoz?1780
rum touch1800
crotcheteer1815
pistol1828
eccentric1832
case1833
originalist1835
cure1856
crotchet-monger1874
curiosity1874
crank1881
crackpot1883
faddist1883
schwärmer1884
hard case1892
finger1899
mad hatter1905
nut1908
numéro1924
screwball1933
wack1938
fruitcake1942
odd bod1942
oddball1943
ghoster1953
raver1959
kook1960
flake1968
woo-woo1972
zonky1972
wacko1977
headbanger1981
1675 W. Wycherley Country-wife iv. 74 So are your Cuckolds too Originals: for they are like no other common Cuckolds.
1676 W. Wycherley Plain-dealer ii. i I hate imitation, to do anything like other people. All that know me do me the honour to say, I am an original.
1706 T. Betterton Amorous Widow i. 10 But she's an Original in her kind, Sir.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker III. 262 But my aunt and her paramour..formed, indeed, such a pair of originals, as, I believe, all England could not parallel.
1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well II. iv. 97 A friendship..was therefore struck up hastily betwixt these two originals.
1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. iv. 130 This boy is a real original.
1902 J. Conrad Heart of Darkness i, in Youth 66 ‘Are you an alienist?’.. ‘Every doctor should be—a little,’ answered that original, imperturbably.
1991 Twenty Twenty Spring 11/1 Simply by being alive, by being brought up in south London and having mixed parentage, he was an original.
b. A thing of singular or unique character; a novel or unprecedented example.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > [noun] > fact of being unparalleled or unique > that which is unique > a unique thing or person
nonpareilc1500
transcendent1591
Arabian birda1616
imparallel1658
original1675
incomparable1704
unique1769
sui generis1787
oner1841
unicum1885
the only pebble on the beach1896
1675 W. Wycherley Country-wife iv. 74 I wonder how she cou'd contrive it! what say'st thou to't, 'tis an Original.
1727 A. Pope et al. Περι Βαθους: Art of Sinking 31 in J. Swift et al. Misc.: Last Vol. Our next Instance is certainly an Original.
1850 H. T. Cheever Whale & his Captors i. 30 In adventures..almost every whaleman's voyage is an original.
1991 Elle (U.S. ed.) July 157/1 (advt.) With its authentic WWII Warbird and a new ‘jeansbar’ to sip cappuccino while you try on jeans, The Cockpit is an original.
Compounds
C1.
original-minded adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > inventive or creative faculty > [adjective]
imaginativec1405
inventivec1450
feigning1483
creativea1513
inventative1541
inventious1591
conceitful1594
forgetive1600
productive1612
projecting1614
excogitous1646
plastic1662
ingeniary1664
formful1730
forgeful1751
inventful1797
original-minded1797
original1803
originative1811
vivid1814
fingent1837
constructive1841
right-brained1871
poietic1905
1797 S. T. Coleridge Let. 6 Feb. (1956) I. 305 Dr Darwin..is..the most original-minded Man.
a1855 C. Brontë Professor (1857) I. v. 73 Yet he is a talented, an original-minded man.
1998 R. Coles Doing Documentary Work 112 These two original-minded social surveyors were at pains to attend what we today call the environment.
C2.
original equipment manufacturer n. (in industry esp. Computing), a person or company which manufactures a complex product (typically to its own design and under its own company or brand name) from components bought from another manufacturer (abbreviation OEM).
ΚΠ
1970 A. R. Miller in Rep. 22nd Ann. Conf. Electr. Engin. Probl. in Rubber & Plastics Industries 71/1 The Original Equipment Manufacturer must fully understand the operation and limitations of the system he purchases.
1987 A. R. Morden Elem. Marketing 203 Selling engines to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs)..means selling to customers who are building somebody else's product into the heart of their own machines.
original gravity n. Brewing the relative density of the wort before it is fermented to produce beer, esp. regarded as a guide to the alcoholic strength of the finished beer.
ΚΠ
1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts 267 After tunning and cleansing, the ale itself should weigh about one-fourth of the original gravity of the wort.
1998 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant (Nexis) 29 Jan. 23 The inclusion of some vital statistics (original gravity and IBUs) and a detailed list of ingredients on the bottle is a nice touch.
original package n. the package or packaging in which goods are sent out from the place of manufacture.
ΚΠ
a1827 Pet. to Ho. Comm. in J. Bischoff Woollen Manuf. II. 60 Your petitioners, there~fore, humbly pray your Honourable House to..place the holders of wool, duty paid..upon the same footing as importers and holders of silk in original packages.
1866 Sci. Amer. 26 May 372/3 These goods are from the best manufacturers, and are in the original packages.
2003 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 31 Jan. c9 The block-heater cord unused and still in its original package.
original plane n. Perspective any plane situated in the object itself.
ΚΠ
1715 B. Taylor Linear Perspective 4 Original Planes, that are parallel, have the same Vanishing Line.
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 964 Director Of The Eye, the intersection of the plane with the directing plane perpendicular to the original plane and that of the picture, and hence also perpendicular to the directing and vanishing planes.
original print n. a print made directly from an artist's own woodcut, etching, etc., and now usually bearing his or her signature (see quot. 1961).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > [noun] > a print > types of print generally
sporting print1811
colour print1855
autotypy1872
metallograph1890
surimono1899
Medici print1906
restrike1912
cliché-verre1913
pinpricked picture1936
pinprick picture1943
kiss impression1946
original print1961
1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura v. 129 To discern an Original print from a Copy print..is a knack very easily attain'd; because 'tis almost impossible to imitate every hatch.
1961 What Original Print? (Print Council of Amer.) 9 An original print is a work of graphic art, the general requirements of which are: 1. The artist alone has made the image in or upon the plate, stone, wood block or other material, for the purpose of creating a work of graphic art. 2. The impression is made directly from that original material, by the artist or pursuant to his directions. 3. The finished print is approved by the artist.
1994 Artfocus Winter–Spring 16/3 The shop's mandate is to increase public awareness of the process involved in the creation of an original print.
original sin n. Theology a state of corruption or sinfulness, or a tendency to evil, supposedly innate in all human beings and held to be inherited from Adam as a consequence of the Fall; opposed to actual sin (see actual adj. 1) (the concept of original sin was established by the writings of St Augustine of Hippo (354–430)).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > sin > kinds of sin > [noun] > original
fleshc1200
original sinc1350
falla1400
birth poison1528
birth sin?1546
fall from grace1560
lapse1659
lapse from grace1687
birth stain1820
felix culpa1963
c1350Original sin [see sense A. 2a].
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 1 (MED) The grete Senne original, Which every man in general Upon his berthe hath envenymed.
a1425 (?a1400) Cloud of Unknowing (Harl. 674) (1944) 35 (MED) Of þe original sinne..þou arte clensid in þi baptyme.
a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 3395 Whanne Man to þe werld was bornn He was browth to Holy Kyrke,..And wesch fro orygynal synne so dyrke.
1562 Articles of Relig. ix Of Original or Birth-sin.
1656 A. Cowley Mistress (new ed.) 75 in Poems Though in thy Thoughts scarce any Tracks have been, So much as of Original Sin.
1701 tr. J. Le Clerc Lives Primitive Fathers 27 The Pagans knew nothing of what was called since, Original Sin.
1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. xcv. 324 Experience..whether it talks of Original Sin or adopts some less scholastic phrase, will recognize that the tendencies to evil in human nature are..as various and abiding even in the most civilised societies, as its impulses to good.
1991 J. Levesque Rosseter's Memory i. 15 The Church said you were tainted with original sin and the doctor gave you a cuff on the bum on behalf of the state.
original writ n. (also †writ original) Law (now historical) a writ issuing from the Court of Chancery, which formed the foundation of a real action at common law.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > writs issuing from Chancery
original writa1325
pleadable briefc1400
liberate1418
original1450
brieve1609
sequestration1768
a1325Writes origenals [see sense A. 1a].
1467–8 Rolls of Parl. V. 633/1 That Information so gyven stand and be in place of Bille or Writte oryginall.
1641 Act 17 Chas. I c. 10 By Process made by Writ Original at the Common Law.
1652 Severall Proc. Parl. No. 131. 2029 An Act for taking away Fines upon Bills, Declarations, and Originall Writs, which was this day read the first and second time, and upon the Question committed.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Writ Original Writs are those sent out of the High Court of Chancery to summon the Defendant in a Personal, or Tenant in a real Action, either before the Suit begins, or to begin the Suit thereby.
1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon (at cited word) Original writs differ from each other in their tenor, according to the nature of the plaintiff's complaint, and are conceived in fixed and certain forms.
1990 J. H. Baker Introd. Eng. Legal Hist. (ed. 3) iv. 66 The choice of original writ governed the whole course of litigation from beginning to end.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.n.a1325