out-groupn.
/ˈaʊtɡruːp/, U.S. /ˈaʊtˌɡrup/ 1. Psychology and Sociology. Those people, not necessarily forming a group themselves, who are excluded from or do not belong to a specific in-group.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider > collective or group
unthede?c1225
unledec1275
those (that are) without1525
colony1656
alienated1818
out-group1906
1906 W. G. Sumner Folkways i. 12 Thus a differentiation arises between ourselves, the we-group, or in-group, and everybody else, or the others-groups, out-groups.
1934 K. Young Introd. Sociol. i. i. 13 One is prejudiced against the members of the out-group.
1952 M. McCarthy Groves of Academe (1953) vi. 119 Where discrimination exists, protection of the out-group is mandatory.
1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 2 Jan. 2/4 Gypsy legends..provide a charter for the in-group rather than the out-group reference of their morality.
1994 J. Edwards Multilingualism (1995) v. 131 Logic does not require that fellow-feeling be accompanied by disdain for ‘out-groups’.
2. Biology. In cladistic classification: a group of organisms not belonging to the group whose evolutionary relationships are being investigated, but used for comparison to assess which characteristics of the studied group are more widely distributed and therefore possibly older in origin.
ΚΠ
1973 Evolution 27 69/1 Even for taxa used as an out-group or baseline reference, the patterns of character data..may yield considerable insights into evolutionary processes.
1988 Nature 24 Nov. 315/1 Phylogenetic analysis using non-primate lentiviruses..as outgroups reveals the likely relationships among the human and simian viruses.
1994 Jrnl. Exper. Zool. 268 239 We use data from outgroup taxa, such as non-plethodontid salamanders and frogs, to polarize nine characters chosen to define the ancestral developmental pattern of plethodontids.
Derivatives
ˈout-grouper n. an individual who does not belong to a specific in-group.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider
fremdc950
guestc950
althedyOE
allophyleOE
uncoutha1250
strangea1325
alienc1384
barbarc1384
barbarync1384
strangerc1385
barbaric1388
foreigna1399
outland?a1400
farandman14..
out-comelingc1400
foreigner1422
alienar1473
alienate1497
estrangec1503
new face?a1513
barbarianc1550
fremman1568
frenne1579
estranger1586
inmatea1600
outlier1606
outcomer1607
externc1610
exoteric1697
outner1721
outsider1800
unco1800
inconnu1807
outrigger1850
offcome1859
ringer1896
offcomer1898
shenzi1910
out-grouper1938
outworlder1948
1938 Social Forces 17 18/1 The ‘image’ of the ferocious out-grouper..is undoubtedly built up by this process.
1949 R. K. Merton Social Theory ii. vii. 186 The systematic condemnation of the out-grouper continues largely irrespective of what he does.
1977 Contemp. Sociol. 6 655/1 He would have us..treat any and all potential and actual informants as outgroupers.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1906