outcrossn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈaʊtkrɒs/, U.S.

/ˈaʊtˌkrɔs/,

/ˈaʊtˌkrɑs/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: out- prefix, cross n.

Etymology: < out- prefix + cross n.

An introduction of unrelated breeding stock to an established, usually somewhat inbred or homogeneous, line; a mating between unrelated individuals; the result or offspring of such a mating. Also attributive or as adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > livestock > stock or breed > cross-breed > with unrelated breed

outcross1882

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > cross-breeding or hybridism > hybrid or cross

mongrel1558

hybrid1601

centaur1606

mulatto1664

half-strain1673

cross1761

cross-breed1774

first cross1793

double-cross1810

quadroon1811

intercross1859

outcross1882

reciprocal1901

filial generation1902

monohybrid1902

vicinist1905

first filial (or F₁) generation1909

polyhybrid1910

back-cross1919

second filial (or F₂) generation1938

1882 J. MacDonald & J. Sinclair Hist. Polled Aberdeen or Angus Cattle 259 In President 3rd 246, a very judicious outcross was taken. This animal had in his veins an almost equal proportion of Keillor and Ardovie blood.

1890 J. M. Tracy in W. B. Leffingwell Shooting on Upland, Marsh, & Stream 398 It may happen that the outcross has been to some extremely prepotent breed.

1918 Genetics 3 475 When double-throwing Matthiola is used as egg parent in an outcross to ordinary singles, half the offspring receive a factor for doubleness.

1928 D. F. Jones Selective Fertilization vi. 117 The chromosome situation in these flies is not known, and it is not clear what the reduced fertility in outcrosses is due to.

1949 R. B. Kelley Sheep Dogs (ed. 3) iv. 62 It is not necessary to purchase such out-cross dogs.

1971 Farmer & Stockbreeder 16 Feb. 49/1 An unplanned out-cross with an unknown wheat took place and this brought much improved fertility.

1977 Horse & Hound 14 Jan. 15/3 Malacate stands out as a potential outcross for the majority of high-class European mares.

1990 Field Jan. 68/3 They became firm friends and would burn the midnight oil, delving into the Stud Book and discussing outcross blood to counteract the dominance of the prevailing ‘Shorthorn’.

1996 Dogs in Canada Jan. 45 Even an out-cross looked like a true Sulhamstead within a generation.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

outcrossv.

Brit.

/ˈaʊtkrɒs/, U.S.

/ˈaʊtˌkrɔs/,

/ˈaʊtˌkrɑs/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: outcross n.

Etymology: < outcross n. Compare cross v. Compare earlier outcrossing n.

1. transitive. To breed (an animal or plant) to an unrelated individual.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [verb (transitive)] > cross

mella1387

cross-breed1675

mix1740

cross1754

hybridize1845

mongrelize1859

interbreed1865

outbreed1888

back-cross1904

outcross1918

1918 Genetics 3 437 Each [beaded fly] was outcrossed separately to a fly from some non-beaded stock.

1931 E. B. Ford Mendelism & Evol. ii. 40 If the now highly inbred stock be outcrossed to ordinary wild-type flies, it is found that the extracted recessives..have returned to the original condition.

1962 Evolution 17 234/1 The recovered a/a adults were again outcrossed to B II.

1989 Jrnl. Heredity 80 58/3 In order to detect induced X-linked mutations, F₁ females were outcrossed to normal, untreated males.

1997 Racing Pigeon Pict. Internat. Aug. 20/1 Do you inbreed, linebreed or outcross the families?

2. intransitive. To perform an outcross or outcrosses; to introduce fresh blood; to breed with an unrelated individual.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [verb (intransitive)] > cross

mix1740

cross18..

intercross1859

hybridize1865

outcross1949

outbreed1962

1949 R. B. Kelley Sheep Dogs (ed. 3) iv. 62 It will be necessary continually to out-cross by introducing dogs unrelated to the favoured animal, so that close-breeding is avoided.

1988 New Scientist 30 June 41/3 These crops do not pollinate themselves and so gradually deteriorate genetically, as they ‘outcross’ with local varieties.

1999 Cat World Aug. 12/3 Due to the breed originating from very inbred stock, it is necessary to outcross to other breeds regularly, in order to introduce a larger gene poole and maintain stamina.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	outcross
释义	outcrossn.adj. Brit. /ˈaʊtkrɒs/, U.S. /ˈaʊtˌkrɔs/, /ˈaʊtˌkrɑs/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: out- prefix, cross n. Etymology: < out- prefix + cross n. An introduction of unrelated breeding stock to an established, usually somewhat inbred or homogeneous, line; a mating between unrelated individuals; the result or offspring of such a mating. Also attributive or as adj. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > livestock > stock or breed > cross-breed > with unrelated breed outcross1882 the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > cross-breeding or hybridism > hybrid or cross mongrel1558 hybrid1601 centaur1606 mulatto1664 half-strain1673 cross1761 cross-breed1774 first cross1793 double-cross1810 quadroon1811 intercross1859 outcross1882 reciprocal1901 filial generation1902 monohybrid1902 vicinist1905 first filial (or F₁) generation1909 polyhybrid1910 back-cross1919 second filial (or F₂) generation1938 1882 J. MacDonald & J. Sinclair Hist. Polled Aberdeen or Angus Cattle 259 In President 3rd 246, a very judicious outcross was taken. This animal had in his veins an almost equal proportion of Keillor and Ardovie blood. 1890 J. M. Tracy in W. B. Leffingwell Shooting on Upland, Marsh, & Stream 398 It may happen that the outcross has been to some extremely prepotent breed. 1918 Genetics 3 475 When double-throwing Matthiola is used as egg parent in an outcross to ordinary singles, half the offspring receive a factor for doubleness. 1928 D. F. Jones Selective Fertilization vi. 117 The chromosome situation in these flies is not known, and it is not clear what the reduced fertility in outcrosses is due to. 1949 R. B. Kelley Sheep Dogs (ed. 3) iv. 62 It is not necessary to purchase such out-cross dogs. 1971 Farmer & Stockbreeder 16 Feb. 49/1 An unplanned out-cross with an unknown wheat took place and this brought much improved fertility. 1977 Horse & Hound 14 Jan. 15/3 Malacate stands out as a potential outcross for the majority of high-class European mares. 1990 Field Jan. 68/3 They became firm friends and would burn the midnight oil, delving into the Stud Book and discussing outcross blood to counteract the dominance of the prevailing ‘Shorthorn’. 1996 Dogs in Canada Jan. 45 Even an out-cross looked like a true Sulhamstead within a generation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). outcrossv. Brit. /ˈaʊtkrɒs/, U.S. /ˈaʊtˌkrɔs/, /ˈaʊtˌkrɑs/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: outcross n. Etymology: < outcross n. Compare cross v. Compare earlier outcrossing n. 1. transitive. To breed (an animal or plant) to an unrelated individual. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [verb (transitive)] > cross mella1387 cross-breed1675 mix1740 cross1754 hybridize1845 mongrelize1859 interbreed1865 outbreed1888 back-cross1904 outcross1918 1918 Genetics 3 437 Each [beaded fly] was outcrossed separately to a fly from some non-beaded stock. 1931 E. B. Ford Mendelism & Evol. ii. 40 If the now highly inbred stock be outcrossed to ordinary wild-type flies, it is found that the extracted recessives..have returned to the original condition. 1962 Evolution 17 234/1 The recovered a/a adults were again outcrossed to B II. 1989 Jrnl. Heredity 80 58/3 In order to detect induced X-linked mutations, F₁ females were outcrossed to normal, untreated males. 1997 Racing Pigeon Pict. Internat. Aug. 20/1 Do you inbreed, linebreed or outcross the families? 2. intransitive. To perform an outcross or outcrosses; to introduce fresh blood; to breed with an unrelated individual. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [verb (intransitive)] > cross mix1740 cross18.. intercross1859 hybridize1865 outcross1949 outbreed1962 1949 R. B. Kelley Sheep Dogs (ed. 3) iv. 62 It will be necessary continually to out-cross by introducing dogs unrelated to the favoured animal, so that close-breeding is avoided. 1988 New Scientist 30 June 41/3 These crops do not pollinate themselves and so gradually deteriorate genetically, as they ‘outcross’ with local varieties. 1999 Cat World Aug. 12/3 Due to the breed originating from very inbred stock, it is necessary to outcross to other breeds regularly, in order to introduce a larger gene poole and maintain stamina. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1882v.1918
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