outwardsadv.adj.

Brit.

/ˈaʊtwədz/, U.S.

/ˈaʊtwərdz/

Forms: Old English utweardes, early Middle English utwardes, Middle English oughtwardes, Middle English outwardis, Middle English owtewardes, Middle English utwardys, Middle English–1500s outewardes, Middle English–1600s outwardes, Middle English– outwards, 1800s outerds (U.S. regional), 1900s– outards (U.S. regional), 1900s– out'ards (U.S. regional); also Scottish pre-1700 owtwartis.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: outward adj., -s suffix¹.

Etymology: < outward adj. + -s suffix¹. Compare outward adv. Compare Middle Dutch ūtwaerts (Dutch uitwaarts (now rare)), Middle Low German ūtwerdes, Old High German ūzwertes (German auswärts).

A. adv.

a. In an outward direction; from the inside to or towards the outside or exterior; away from some point or place.In quot. a1250: towards the physical or the secular world.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > [adverb]

outwardseOE

outeOE

outwardOE

the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in outward direction or directed outwards > towards exterior

outwardseOE

outeOE

outwardOE

outwardly1562

outerly1681

outside1837

withoutwards1865

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xi. 71 Sua bið sio costung æresð on ðæm mode, & ðonne fereð utweardes to ðære hyde.

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 40 Euer so ðe wittes beoð more ispreinde utwardes, se heo lesse wenðet inwardes.

a1425 Direct. Laces in B. Rowland Chaucer & Middle Eng. Stud. in Honour R. H. Robbins (1974) 97 A ryȝt schal entre þe bowe B of þe same hond fro wtinne outwardes.

1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 68 We..spendyd owtwardes be twyne Venyce and Jaffe on Moneth and ij Dayes.

1582 Rates Custome House (new ed.) To Rdr. sig. Aj ^v The..poundage for all maner of merchandise aswel outwards as inwards.

1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xii. 213 Do not direct the cutting Corner of the Chissel inwards, but rather outwards.

1773 J. Home Alonzo 77 My heart knocks at my side, as if 'twould burst Itself a passage outwards.

1846 F. Brittan tr. J. F. Malgaigne Man. Operative Surg. 203 To cut a semicircular flap from within outwards.

1882 T. Hardy Two on Tower I. xiii. 214 The men had..placed the bench close to the door, which, owing to the stairs within, opened outwards.

1952 G. H. Dury Map Interpr. vi. 54 Ice did in fact move outwards from the hills and leave thick deposits on the low ground.

2000 R. King Brunelleschi's Dome (2001) xi. 96 Each of the eight teams of masons laid its bricks on the inside of the wall and worked outwards.

b. On the outside or exterior; facing outward.

ΚΠ

1766 W. Kenrick Falstaff's Wedding (new ed.) i. vi. 11 He puts the mask on with the worst side outwards.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. v. 119 The Grand Master, as permitted by the rules, wore his doublet lined and trimmed with the softest lambskin, dressed with the wool outwards.

1876 R. Routledge Discov. & Inventions 19th Cent. 335 We have fixed in front of it a watch-glass, with the convex side outwards.

1962 Ø. Vorren & E. Manker Lapp Life & Customs ii. 34 It [sc. a jacket] is decorated with pieces of cloth and is worn shammy side outwards.

1997 New Scientist (Nexis) 25 Sept. (Feedback) If the cover is put in the washing machine with the right side outwards it turns itself inside out during the wash cycles.

†2. In outward form or appearance, esp. as opposed to inner nature or character; externally, publicly. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb] > on the outside

outwardOE

withoutc1000

outwithc1225

withoutforthc1380

outc1390

utouth1398

outwardsc1429

outwardlyc1432

withoutside1578

exogenously1879

c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 2275 Off Satanas scourge tholed Job in his flesh outwardes smert, And of the scourge of his wife hadde he turment in hert.

1442 in J. C. Tingey Rec. City of Norwich (1910) II. 150 Þere been..diuerse persones þat maken untrewe ware of..wurstedes..in gret disceipt..of..estraungers..þat..usen such merchandise trustyng þat it were within as it shewith outwardes.

a1456 tr. Secreta Secret. (Marmaduke, Ashm. 59) (1977) 214 (MED) Þe princes shewe hem outewardes in apparence to þe people þat they beo religious and gode men.

c1530 W. Tyndale Pathway Holy Script. in Wks. (1848) I. 14 Yet are we full of the natural poison,..and cannot but sin outwards,..if occasion be given.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. x. 26 So handsomely folding up her discourse, that his virtues are shown outwards, and his vices wrapped up in silence.

1736 H. Fielding Pasquin iv. i. 42 For tho' I wear the Mask of Loyalty, And outwards shew a Reverence to the Queen, Yet in my Heart I hate her.

†3. Away from home; abroad. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb]

outfortha1382

utterward1436

outwardsa1450

outwardlyc1475

extern1537

externly1568

extrinsically1584

outgate1590

outly1605

exteriorlya1616

externally1767

outsidely1803

outside1846

a1450 ( Libel Eng. Policy 158 To kepe the see and sone to come overe To werre oughtwardes and youre regne to recovere.

1475 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1710) XI. 849 (MED) The King..Vpon certaine Grauntes..for an Army Royall, by his Highnes to be made outwards, for the behovefull Defence and Publique Wele of his said Realme..Entendeth..the..hasty Setting forth of the said Army.

c1485 ( J. Lydgate Serpent of Division (BL Add.) (1911) 49 (MED) While þat tweyne were occupied in Conqueste owtewardes, the iijde shulde gouverne at hoome.

a1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 409 To sett vp a notable and a mighty werre outewardes for the recouere and reduction to oure abeisance of oure old vndoubted enheritaunces.

†B. adj.

For outward goods. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1878 F. S. Williams Midland Railway (ed. 4) 638 We pass on..to the ‘Outwards’ department of the great goods shed. This ‘Outwards’ platform..runs the length of the shed.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	outwards
释义	outwardsadv.adj. Brit. /ˈaʊtwədz/, U.S. /ˈaʊtwərdz/ Forms: Old English utweardes, early Middle English utwardes, Middle English oughtwardes, Middle English outwardis, Middle English owtewardes, Middle English utwardys, Middle English–1500s outewardes, Middle English–1600s outwardes, Middle English– outwards, 1800s outerds (U.S. regional), 1900s– outards (U.S. regional), 1900s– out'ards (U.S. regional); also Scottish pre-1700 owtwartis. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: outward adj., -s suffix¹. Etymology: < outward adj. + -s suffix¹. Compare outward adv. Compare Middle Dutch ūtwaerts (Dutch uitwaarts (now rare)), Middle Low German ūtwerdes, Old High German ūzwertes (German auswärts). A. adv. 1. a. In an outward direction; from the inside to or towards the outside or exterior; away from some point or place.In quot. a1250: towards the physical or the secular world. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > [adverb] outwardseOE outeOE outwardOE the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in outward direction or directed outwards > towards exterior outwardseOE outeOE outwardOE outwardly1562 outerly1681 outside1837 withoutwards1865 eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xi. 71 Sua bið sio costung æresð on ðæm mode, & ðonne fereð utweardes to ðære hyde. a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 40 Euer so ðe wittes beoð more ispreinde utwardes, se heo lesse wenðet inwardes. a1425 Direct. Laces in B. Rowland Chaucer & Middle Eng. Stud. in Honour R. H. Robbins (1974) 97 A ryȝt schal entre þe bowe B of þe same hond fro wtinne outwardes. 1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 68 We..spendyd owtwardes be twyne Venyce and Jaffe on Moneth and ij Dayes. 1582 Rates Custome House (new ed.) To Rdr. sig. Aj ^v The..poundage for all maner of merchandise aswel outwards as inwards. 1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xii. 213 Do not direct the cutting Corner of the Chissel inwards, but rather outwards. 1773 J. Home Alonzo 77 My heart knocks at my side, as if 'twould burst Itself a passage outwards. 1846 F. Brittan tr. J. F. Malgaigne Man. Operative Surg. 203 To cut a semicircular flap from within outwards. 1882 T. Hardy Two on Tower I. xiii. 214 The men had..placed the bench close to the door, which, owing to the stairs within, opened outwards. 1952 G. H. Dury Map Interpr. vi. 54 Ice did in fact move outwards from the hills and leave thick deposits on the low ground. 2000 R. King Brunelleschi's Dome (2001) xi. 96 Each of the eight teams of masons laid its bricks on the inside of the wall and worked outwards. b. On the outside or exterior; facing outward. ΚΠ 1766 W. Kenrick Falstaff's Wedding (new ed.) i. vi. 11 He puts the mask on with the worst side outwards. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. v. 119 The Grand Master, as permitted by the rules, wore his doublet lined and trimmed with the softest lambskin, dressed with the wool outwards. 1876 R. Routledge Discov. & Inventions 19th Cent. 335 We have fixed in front of it a watch-glass, with the convex side outwards. 1962 Ø. Vorren & E. Manker Lapp Life & Customs ii. 34 It [sc. a jacket] is decorated with pieces of cloth and is worn shammy side outwards. 1997 New Scientist (Nexis) 25 Sept. (Feedback) If the cover is put in the washing machine with the right side outwards it turns itself inside out during the wash cycles. †2. In outward form or appearance, esp. as opposed to inner nature or character; externally, publicly. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb] > on the outside outwardOE withoutc1000 outwithc1225 withoutforthc1380 outc1390 utouth1398 outwardsc1429 outwardlyc1432 withoutside1578 exogenously1879 c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 2275 Off Satanas scourge tholed Job in his flesh outwardes smert, And of the scourge of his wife hadde he turment in hert. 1442 in J. C. Tingey Rec. City of Norwich (1910) II. 150 Þere been..diuerse persones þat maken untrewe ware of..wurstedes..in gret disceipt..of..estraungers..þat..usen such merchandise trustyng þat it were within as it shewith outwardes. a1456 tr. Secreta Secret. (Marmaduke, Ashm. 59) (1977) 214 (MED) Þe princes shewe hem outewardes in apparence to þe people þat they beo religious and gode men. c1530 W. Tyndale Pathway Holy Script. in Wks. (1848) I. 14 Yet are we full of the natural poison,..and cannot but sin outwards,..if occasion be given. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. x. 26 So handsomely folding up her discourse, that his virtues are shown outwards, and his vices wrapped up in silence. 1736 H. Fielding Pasquin iv. i. 42 For tho' I wear the Mask of Loyalty, And outwards shew a Reverence to the Queen, Yet in my Heart I hate her. †3. Away from home; abroad. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb] outfortha1382 utterward1436 outwardsa1450 outwardlyc1475 extern1537 externly1568 extrinsically1584 outgate1590 outly1605 exteriorlya1616 externally1767 outsidely1803 outside1846 a1450 ( Libel Eng. Policy 158 To kepe the see and sone to come overe To werre oughtwardes and youre regne to recovere. 1475 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1710) XI. 849 (MED) The King..Vpon certaine Grauntes..for an Army Royall, by his Highnes to be made outwards, for the behovefull Defence and Publique Wele of his said Realme..Entendeth..the..hasty Setting forth of the said Army. c1485 ( J. Lydgate Serpent of Division (BL Add.) (1911) 49 (MED) While þat tweyne were occupied in Conqueste owtewardes, the iijde shulde gouverne at hoome. a1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 409 To sett vp a notable and a mighty werre outewardes for the recouere and reduction to oure abeisance of oure old vndoubted enheritaunces. †B. adj. For outward goods. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1878 F. S. Williams Midland Railway (ed. 4) 638 We pass on..to the ‘Outwards’ department of the great goods shed. This ‘Outwards’ platform..runs the length of the shed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.adj.eOE
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