a1415 T. Hoccleve Balade Duke of York l. 17 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 49 Be thow an owter of my nycetee.

1586 in Cal. State Papers Scotl. (1914) VIII. 704 Ye sal be very cairfull to crye out the authour thairof and desyre him to be deliverit in your handis to be send to us for his better tryall and knawlege of his complices outeris thairof within our realme.

a1605 (c1422) T. Hoccleve Dialogus (Durh.: Stowe) l. 175 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 116 Vengaunce on..ye false moneyours, and on yowre outeris.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Outter, a frequenter of balls and merry-meetings, Roxb.

1898 Tit-bits 22 Jan. 309/1 Boxing Instructor (loquitur), Great Scot! that was an ‘outer’ you gave me.

1966 P. O'Donnell Sabre-tooth xx. 269 She threw herself sideways, firing as she fell... ‘You got an outer, Princess—through the ticker.’

1990 Capital Gay 27 Apr. 3/2 Less clear, the outers say, is the matter of famous movie or TV stars who never harm the gay community.

1991 N.Y. Times 13 Aug. a17/2 There is nothing new about outing, and nothing very exciting, or even wicked, about outers... They are just a handful of angry men and women: angry for some fairly obvious reason.

1995 Observer (Nexis) 19 Mar. 23 Tatchell, son of evangelical Christians, is an evangelical outer of gay public figures.

1900 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 29 538 Each of these boards receives from the main generator board five cables, a pair of ‘outers’ for lighting, a similar pair for power, and a common neutral.

1932 R. Rawlinson in E. Molloy Pract. Electr. Engin. V. 1590/2 The potential difference between the outers is still 500 volts, and..they may therefore be used for power supply, while lighting load may be taken on a circuit between either outer and the mid-wire.

1970 H. Ferry Electr. Supply I. ii. 35 The cancellation of the two currents flowing in opposite directions in the middle wire..enabled the section to be safely reduced to one-half that of the outers.

1904 E. Nesbit Phoenix & Carpet vi. 111 ‘We'd best put on our outers in case—.’ ‘We might rescue a traveller buried in the snow.’

1971 C. Bonington Annapurna South Face xi. 129 It needed a distinct effort of will..to force on frozen boots. I kept the felt inners inside the sleeping-bag, but the outers were too bulky and I used these as a pillow; even so, each morning they were frozen solid.

1971 T. Frost in C. Bonington Annapurna South Face xviii. 222 I put on my..proofed nylon outers.

1976 Horse & Hound 3 Dec. 18/2 (advt.) The Husky Riding Waistcoat, with its strong nylon outer, filled with polyester for thermo-insulated warmth, will keep those biting winter winds at bay.

1990 Country Walking Jan. 75/3 (advt.) Sleepings bags..Pertex inner and outer.

1991 M. Gray First Fifty (BNC) 75 We..went our separate ways, hands thrust deep into our respective double-thickness, Gortex, all-weather, storm-force shell outers.

1915 C. Drew & I. B. Evans Grafter 54 I thought you were fielding on the Outer?

1919 C. Drew Doings of Dave 19 They were the ‘Outer’ frequenters, straight from the hill behind the course.

1924 Truth (Sydney) 27 Apr. 6 Outer, on the, to be poor; to be outside.

1926 ‘J. Doone’ Timely Tips for New Australians Gloss. Outer, a slang word denoting a betting ground overlooking a race-course.

1928 A. Wright Good Recovery 157 You told me yourself that you were the cause of my being on the outer.

1963 A. Ross Australia 63 iii. 86 Fine drizzle delayed things for half an hour, then shirts were ripped off again in the Outer, the beer cans were set up, and play proceeded.

1988 McGill Dict. Kiwi Slang 80 After Dick was seen in the big anti-apartheid march on telly, he was on the outer at the rugby club.

1920 J. Stephenson Princ. & Pract. Commerc. Corr. ii. xii. 129 Size and description of outer.

1950 J. G. Davis Dict. Dairying 356 Packing of freshly frozen and packaged ice cream into ‘outers’ containing dozens of units..considerably slows the rate of hardening.

1967 Times Rev. Industry May 83/3 An instrument..provided with a carrying case was packed in a corrugated outer for transit.

1971 Guider Nov. 407 (advt.) Your Net Profit per [chocolate] bar: 5p. Your Net Profit per outer (18 bars per outer): 90p.

1990 Confectionery Manuf. & Marketing Mar. 8/1 Details of the free offer will be strongly flashed on high–impact counter display outers for all six flavour lines.

1840 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop II. xliv. 40 Showing her where she could hang her outer-clothes to dry, [he] signed to her and the old man to lie down and sleep.

a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) I. x. 159 His preparations for the night were..extremely simple—merely a flinging off of his outer clothes and, in summer, his socks.

1993 J. Agee Strange Angels (1994) xxvi. 342 Kya shucked her outer clothes and shook like a dog.

1841 W. Ware Julian I. 247 Sometimes the outer clothing is the fairer and better, but often it covers over a worthier thing than itself.

1891 E. Kinglake Austral. at Home 7 The idea..to elaborate our present under-clothing into outer-clothing.

1989 B. Stonehouse Polar Ecol. (BNC) 184 Danger and discomfort are often severest at temperatures close to freezing point, when outer clothing, wetted by rain or melting snow, loses some of its insulating properties.

1798 Times Beside the cannon on the outer decks of the outside ships, the holds of the ships are filled with stores.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxvii. 355 To strip off the outer-deck planking of the brig.

1939 H. M. Tomlinson Day Before 282 On the outer deck, one of the ship's officers passed him.

2002 Leader-Post (Regina, Sask.) (Nexis) 16 Feb. a3 Francoeur is responsible for the crew working on the outer decks of the warship.

1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. sig. B.vij^v These kepers had rammed vp their outer dores.

a1637 B. Jonson Timber 55 in Wks. (1640) III They set the signe of the Crosse over their outer doores, and sacrifice to their gut, and their groyne in their inner Closets.

1736 W. Popple Double Deceit v. 67 Make fast the outer Door. One does not know what may happen.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 132 The distance of his apartment from the outer-door of the house.

1991 S. Fry Liar (1992) vii. 195 College rooms had two doors and if the oak, the outer door, was closed, it was generally held to be bad form to clamour for entrance.

1651 R. Baillie Let. 22 Apr. in Lett. & Jrnls. (1842) III. 165 On sunday before noone, he came..to the High Inner Church... In the afternoon he come..to the High Outer Kirk.

1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 54 In the Cathedral and in the Outer-kirk were various altars.

1926 J. H. Clapham Econ. Hist. Mod. Brit. i. viii. 369 On taking over the newly made parish of St John's, in 1820, Chalmers caused it to be cut off from the town hospital and the general session, and organised as a self-governing unit for poor relief. The Outer-Kirk parish followed.

a1637 B. Jonson Staple of Newes (1640) i. v. 14 This is the outer roome, where my Clerkes sit, And keepe their sides.

1712 Proposals for printing Treat. Art of Political Lying 18 In their outer Room there ought always to attend some Persons endow'd with a great Stock of Credulity.

1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. iv. 77 The outer-room of an office.

1994 C. Grant X-Files: Goblins xv. 176 The only illumination in the outer room came from the brass lamp on the nightstand between the two beds.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. v. 790 That Outer vestment, of the Terrestial Body, (styled in Plato τὸ ὀστρεῶδες, the Crustaceous or Ostreaceous Body).

a1851 R. L. Sheil Sketches Irish Bar (1854) I. 320 In that Court [sc. the Rolls Court] the great mass of the very important business transacted there is distributed among the members of the outer bar.

1963 Renaissance News 16 185 A certain Simon English..was admitted to the outer bar in January 1815–16.

1980 Oxf. Compan. Law 909/2 Outer bar, a collective term for junior barristers because they plead from outside the bar of the court, while Queen's Counsel plead from within it. On being called to the bar, a person is ‘called to the degree of the outer bar’.

1829 Picturesque Guide to Regent's Park 29 The outer circle or Ring consists of a fine level drive, planted with trees on each side; within this is another circle or path~way.

1974 Kelly's Post Office London Directory 667/4 Regent's Park..Outer Circle. Hanover Lodge..Zoological Society's Gardens.

1950–1 Public Opinion Q. 14 628 Finally, there is the outer-directed type; the backslapper who wants to get along with everyone, who has few convictions of his own, and who feels general anxiety if he is not successful in receiving all the signals which he tries to catch on his psychological radar system.

1990 S. Keen Fire in Belly iii. v. 65 Ours is an outer-directed culture that rewards us for remaining strangers to ourselves, unacquainted with feeling.

1653 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis (rev. ed.) viii. 155 Gallen, where he speakes of the beauty Nature invented in the outer Eare, although he expresseth such a scope of Nature..; yet he expounds not what that is in the Eare.

1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra i. v. §6 Among many Varieties both in the Inner, and the Outer Ear; those which appear in the Passage into the Rock-bone, are remarkable.

1839 Amer. Med. Intelligencer Oct. 199 The tympanum (middle ear) is an irregularly shaped cavity, situated intermediately between the outer ear..and the inner ear.

1921 Pop. Sci. Monthly Aug. 70/1 Birds also lack the highly developed outer ear of the mammals that is believed to be a great aid in locating sound.

2004 N.Y. Mag. 14 June 72/2 Hearing aids can amplify sound to overcome so-called conductive deafness (caused by a blockage in the middle or outer ear).

1902 Murray's Mag. 26 473/2 The outer edge is a gliding movement, forward or backward, performed on the outer edge of the runner.

1976 Webster's Sports Dict. 376/1 Scull or skull,..to propel oneself forward or backward by alternately moving the heels or the toes apart and together changing from an outer edge on the outward movement to an inner edge on the inward movement.

1755 J. Smith Printer's Gram. x. 262 They [sc. compositors] lay one extremity thereof against the hind side of the Fifteenth page, if it is an Inner Form; or against the hind side of the Thirteenth page if it is an Outer Form.

1808 C. Stower Printer's Gram. vii. 171 A sheet in Folio. Outer Form. Inner Form.

1946 A. Monkman in H. Whetton Pract. Printing & Binding v. 61/2 So far as the four-page [imposition] schemes are concerned, therefore, it is only necessary to remember that if the job is to be worked as sheet work, pages 1 and 4 will be the outer forme and pages 2 and 3 the inner forme.

1965 N. Chomsky Aspects Theory Syntax 199 In place of the terms ‘deep structure’ and ‘surface structure’, one might use the corresponding Humboldtian notions ‘inner form’ of a sentence and ‘outer form’ of a sentence.

1972 R. R. K. Hartmann & F. C. Stork Dict. Lang. & Linguistics 113/2 The grammatical and semantic structure of a particular language is unique to that language (inner form), however susceptible its sound system (outer form) may be to influences from other languages.

1978 Stud. Eng. Lit.: Eng. Number (Tokyo) 22 Skeleton II was used for the outer forme of sheets B, C, D.

1708 J. Chamberlayne Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (1710) ii. 418 The Ordinary is to make a Report of their Interloquitor, which he Reports in the Outer House the next day ordinarily, or at the side Bar the next Week.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 317 This case of Marsport against Lackland has made an unco din in the Outer-house.

1872 Wharton's Law Lexicon (ed. 5) Outer House, the name given to the great hall of the Parliament House in Edinburgh, in which the Lords Ordinary of the Court of Session sit as single judges to hear causes. The term is used colloquially as expressive of the business done there in contradistinction to the Inner House, the name given to the chambers in which the First and Second Divisions of the Court of Session hold their sittings.

1991 E. A. Marshall Gen. Princ. Sc. Law 30 The Outer House does not have an appellate jurisdiction, i.e. it is not a court of appeal.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 250/2 Outarlyne or parte of a cercle, circumference.

a1425 (a1400) Northern Pauline Epist. (1916) Rom. vii. 15 (MED) For þat þat I wyrke aftyr þe outer man, I undyrstande not after þe inner man.

1825 Times 17 May 3/5 The peace-maker..is ever desirous of being first at peace with God, both in his inner and outer man.

1897 Westm. Gaz. 23 Apr. 2/1 A woman must be uncommonly good inside to present such an outer-man to her fellows.

1991 Esquire (BNC) 26 The Outer Man... Having a manicure won't affect your manhood.

1881 Analyst 8 123 If henceforth outer multiplication be designated by simply writing the factors together.

1959 M. R. Spiegel Schaum's Outl. Theory & Probl. Vector Anal. viii. 169 Inner and outer multiplication of tensors is commutative and associative.

1988 Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 103 1031 An ideal I ◁ J is a subspace invariant under inner and outer multiplication by J.

1850 A. C. Lowell Elements Astron. 78 Since the day of the outer planets is much shorter than ours, its year contains many more of its own days than it would of ours. Jupiter's year contains 10,000 of his own days. Saturn's years 30,000 of his days.

1930 H. T. Stetson Man & Stars iv. 31 Not only did the heliocentric hypothesis solve the problem of retrograde motion for the outer planets, but it was equally capable of explaining the retrograde motion of the inferior planets, Venus and Mercury.

2001 Nature 24 May 423/1 The idea of a belt of icy bodies surrounding the outer planets goes back to 1930, soon after the discovery of Pluto.

1884 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 6 6 The outer product of two posited quantities which differ in position is some multiple of the connecting figure.

1929 H. W. Turnbull Theory of Determinants xi. 183 It involves a determinantal factor (αβγ) which is an outer product of the symbolic linear sets α, β, γ.

1965 J. Abram Tensor Calculus iii. 27 We could have written eqn. (3.14) as a^j(b_ic_j − b_jc_i) in which the bracket is an anti-symmetric tensor of order two. It is known as the outer product of the two vectors b_i and c_i. Only in three dimensions can the outer product be replaced by the vector product.

1970 F. W. Bedford & T. D. Dwivedi Vector Calculus iv. 168 Since the outer product of two vectors is not commutative, we stress again the fact that the order of the two factors in the outer product is important.

1959 Times 18 Mar. 8/5 A meeting of experts of the ‘outer seven’—Britain, Austria, Switzerland, Portugal, and the three Scnadinavian countries—opened here [sc. Stockholm] today.

1989 Encycl. Brit. IV. 606/2 The Outer Seven..decided to join together in EFTA to strengthen their future bargaining power in establishing the wider free trade area.

2002 United Press Internat. Newswire (Nexis) 9 June When the European Union was still the six-nation Common Market, EFTA was the ‘Outer Seven’ contrasted with the Franco-German ‘Inner Six’.

1901 H. Oertel Lect. Study Lang. i. 64 This is the ‘outer speech form’, the external, phonetic aspect of the speech symbols. The ‘inner speech form’ is the definite arrangement of the prelinguistic psychical material into definite groups, the coherence of each group being secured by labelling each with one definite sound-tag.

1932 O. Oeser tr. K. Vossler Spirit of Lang. in Civilization 189 [Translation rests] upon the relation between inner and outer speech form.

1847 H. Miller First Impressions Eng. xiii. 238 I attended public worship on the Sabbath, in a handsome chapel..which rises in an outer suburb of the town.

1933 Bulletin (Sydney) 13 Sept. 10/2 She worked a backyard farmlet in one of the outer suburbs.

1991 Independent 1 Nov. 17/1 The business park itself is far from dead, but it is moving from the outer reaches of the outer suburbs towards town centres.

1875 M. F. Sweetser Maritime Provinces 255 The calèche-drivers of the Lower Town usually demand $ 2 for carrying 1–2 persons to the outer suburban resorts.

1937 ‘G. Orwell’ Road to Wigan Pier x. 194 The outer-suburban creeping Jesus.

1991 Sun (Baltimore) 18 Aug. It appeals to those seeking outer-suburban solitude.

1840 W. H. Ainsworth Tower of London iv A large drawbridge then led to another portal forming the principal entrance to the outer ward, and called the By-ward or Gate Tower.

1987 E. Pargeter Green Branch (BNC) 162 There were still a great many people in the outer ward, but once they had passed through the archway to the inner ward the night world about them was quiet.

1883 Overland Monthly Feb. 681 When the girl who had been his companion, removing her outer wear, came into light, he thought that it shone on the most perfect child-beauty that he had ever seen.

1923 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 37 437 The predominant place of fabrics for human outer-wear in wool-textile production.

1946 Daily Tel. 27 Mar. 5/8 From April 1 elastic can be used without restriction in the manufacture of underwear,..outerwear,..and miscellaneous articles.

1990 Fashion Forecast Internat. Sept. 122/1 Bodywear can often double as outerwear.

a1845 T. Hood Lamia vi, in W. Jerdan Autobiogr. (1852) I. 288 And say the outer woman is utter woman, And not a whit a snake.

1885 C. M. Yonge Nuttie's Father I. x. 107 Ursula..thought Miss Egremont's outer woman..like a Chelsea shepherdess..as she tripped along in her buckled shoes and the sea green stockings.

1994 Washington Times (Nexis) 17 Dec. b1 Nurture the outer woman with a facial.

1661 S. Pordage Mundorum Explicatio i. 32 Now to this World's great Spirit there belong Of Spirits an innumerable throng, Which only to this outer world pertain.

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. x. 155 Neither she nor any of her family had ever been to visit me. I had had no communication by letter or message with the outer world.

1874 J. Morley On Compromise 93 Though themselves invisible to the outer world, they [sc. convictions] may yet operate with magnetic force..upon other parts of our belief.

1921 A. Huxley Crome Yellow xxiv. 259 A footprint in the sand..put beyond a doubt the fact that the outer world really existed.

1956 I. Murdoch Flight from Enchanter x. 130 Until the outer world had disappeared altogether, mingled with thought and transformed into an inner substance.

1988 A. Storr School of Genius xii. 202 Perfect happiness, the oceanic feeling of complete harmony between inner and outer worlds, is only transiently possible.

a1826 S. T. Coleridge Marginalia (1980) I. 637 Gravity submitteth, openeth, outereth itself to receive the Light.

1890 J. H. Stirling Gifford Lect. vi. 104 The inner must be outered: the outer innered.

1962 M. McLuhan Let. 27 Feb. (1987) 286 But the TV image is the first technology by which man has outered his haptic, or tactile, powers.

2000 S. Connor Dumbstruck iii. 75 Self-present speech (the pure speech of the prophet, or the divinity itself, uttering or outering itself in the form of the effective Word).

1920 A. S. Pringle-Pattison Idea of God 193 Sometimes the process is described as a self-externalization or outering of itself on the part of the subject.

1987 A. Kroker & M. Kroker Body Invaders 21 A system that depends on the outering of the body functions (computers as the externalization of memory; in vitro fertilization as the alienation of the womb; Sony Walkmans as ablated ears [etc.].