pacemakern.

Brit.

/ˈpeɪsˌmeɪkə/, U.S.

/ˈpeɪsˌmeɪkər/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: pace n.¹, maker n.

Etymology: < pace n.¹ + maker n.

1. Sport.

a. A competitor (usually a person or horse) who sets the pace for one or more other competitors in a race. Also: a pacesetter or front runner.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > [noun] > racer > types of

dead-heater1868

distance runner1868

pacemaker1884

tail-ender1885

pacer1893

distancer1911

finisher1963

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing on foot > [noun] > runner in race > one of leading runners

pacemaker1884

1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Mar. 2/2 The same scratch-crew acted as pace-maker for both the university eights.

1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 6 Aug. 1/3 To establish a record for a mile without pace-makers, in order that comparisons may be drawn between the times of an unassisted rider and one paced.

1900 Field 4 Aug. 186/1 Up to this he had been one of the pacemakers, but even now he was not to be left behind.

1942 Sun (Baltimore) 29 Apr. 19/1 El Toreador scored by three parts of a length over Seaway, pacemaker for most of the mile and 70-yard route of the seventh event.

1957 J. Peters et al. Mod. Middle- & Long-distance Running xii. 55 He..missed a great opportunity of using Hansenne as a pace~maker.

2002 Times 1 July 27/1 Sholokov, dismissed as a pacemaker and offered at 500–1 in the morning,..rallied to hold off Ballingarry for second.

b. A device which provides a cyclist, runner, etc., with guidance as to speed.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > other parts of cycles

saddle1819

saddle pin1836

rest1855

pillion1878

Arab spring1880

carrier1885

coaster1895

bicycle basket1896

pacemaker1896

steering lock1897

headset1898

flapper-seat1916

stand1918

kick-stand1947

sissy bar1959

stabilizers1960

1896 Godey's Mag. Apr. 377/1 On the same lines is a pace~maker that can be set at any desired rate... While this rate is maintained, it rings a bell.

1961 Times 11 Apr. 14/5 An athlete training with an automatic pacemaker.

2. A person who sets the rate of working for others; (more generally) any person or thing whose performance sets or represents a standard; a trendsetter.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > worker according to manner of working > [noun] > setting pace of work for others

pacemaker1905

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > pioneering or breaking new ground > a pioneer

pioneer1605

outstarter1738

advance guard1759

path-breaker1843

pathfinder1847

torch-bearer1847

path-hewer1879

pacesetter1895

pacemaker1905

trail-blazer1908

style-setter1959

1905 U. Sinclair Jungle xi, in Appeal to Reason 20 May 2/4 They would get new pace-makers and pay them more.

1922 World Tomorrow July 214/1 You would hardly expect an agricultural state to be greatly interested in legislation on behalf of the worker. Denmark has been a pacemaker in this regard.

1976 Star (Sheffield) 30 Nov. 14/4 Chris Guthrie's hopes of a return to face the Second Division's pacemakers Chelsea at Bramall Lane on Friday night soared today.

1992 Independent (Nexis) 7 June 31 Kent is seen as a trendsetter and market leader–definitely as the pacemaker in local government.

a. Physiology. A part of the heart that determines the rate at which it beats and where the contractions begin (normally, in humans and other mammals, the sino-atrial node).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > vascular system > heart > [noun] > other parts of

heart-rootc1390

cone1615

sinus venosus1836

cor pulmonale1857

pacemaker1910

1910 Heart 2 39 The normal auricular complex is most closely simulated by beats excited from the neighbourhood of Keith and Flack's node. The pace-maker of the heart is therefore situated in the neighbourhood of the superior cavo-auricular junction.

1927 J. B. S. Haldane & J. S. Huxley Animal Biol. vii. 146 In a mammal the beat starts at the entrance of the great veins to the right auricle in a special piece of tissue known as the ‘pace-maker’ which does not contract but stimulates the neighbouring muscle.

1951 Ann. Surg. 84 8/2 Pratt..stated that the pacemaker is governed, at least in part, by the chemical content of venous blood returning to the right auricle.

1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) xiv. 482 In teleosts, in which stimulation of the sinus venosus is generally unimportant, an accessory pacemaker is present in the atrium.

b. Physiology. A part of an organ or of the body that controls some rhythmic physiological activity other than that of the heart.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > internal organs > [noun] > controlling rhythmic activity

pacemaker1949

1949 A. Koestler Insight & Outlook xx. 138 A certain region near the sinus end of the heart controls the rate of beat, and similar ‘pacemakers’ function in the stomach, the ureters, and so forth.

1963 R. P. Dales Annelids vi. 132 If there are two pacemakers maintaining two muscular activities it may well be asked if one can dominate the other.

1974 C. E. McLennan & E. C. Sandberg Synopsis Obstetr. (ed. 9) x. 145 Any group of excited myometrial cells anywhere in the uterus may serve in the pacemaker role and initiate electrical propagation throughout the myometrium.

1996 Independent 13 Feb. 10/3 Dr Silver believes a group of cells located just behind the eyes, known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) acts as the circadian pacemaker by emitting some sort of chemical.

c. Medicine. An artificial electrical device used to control or correct the rhythm of the heart. Also: such a device used to regulate the activity of an organ other than the heart. Cf. pacer n. 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > life-supporting equipment > [noun] > heart-controlling equipment

pacemaker1950

defibrillator1956

pacer1963

1950 W. G. Bigelow et al. in Ann. Surg. 132 537 An artificial pacemaker in the form of periodic electrical stimulation of the SA node area of the heart has successfully restored heart action.

1963 Daily Tel. 16 Apr. 17/1 A transistorised pacemaker little bigger than a match box and weighing only a few ounces has been devised for implanting in the abdominal wall.

1988 G. Swift Out of this World 91 He jokes about his pacemaker: ‘Soon I will be all spare parts.’

1993 Canad. Geographic July 53/1 As examples of innovative work being done at the institution, McLauchlin cites advances in immunology and drug therapy, as well as the development of a ‘brain pacemaker’ for people with epilepsy.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pacemaker
释义	pacemakern. Brit. /ˈpeɪsˌmeɪkə/, U.S. /ˈpeɪsˌmeɪkər/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: pace n.¹, maker n. Etymology: < pace n.¹ + maker n. 1. Sport. a. A competitor (usually a person or horse) who sets the pace for one or more other competitors in a race. Also: a pacesetter or front runner. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > [noun] > racer > types of dead-heater1868 distance runner1868 pacemaker1884 tail-ender1885 pacer1893 distancer1911 finisher1963 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing on foot > [noun] > runner in race > one of leading runners pacemaker1884 1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Mar. 2/2 The same scratch-crew acted as pace-maker for both the university eights. 1891 Pall Mall Gaz. 6 Aug. 1/3 To establish a record for a mile without pace-makers, in order that comparisons may be drawn between the times of an unassisted rider and one paced. 1900 Field 4 Aug. 186/1 Up to this he had been one of the pacemakers, but even now he was not to be left behind. 1942 Sun (Baltimore) 29 Apr. 19/1 El Toreador scored by three parts of a length over Seaway, pacemaker for most of the mile and 70-yard route of the seventh event. 1957 J. Peters et al. Mod. Middle- & Long-distance Running xii. 55 He..missed a great opportunity of using Hansenne as a pace~maker. 2002 Times 1 July 27/1 Sholokov, dismissed as a pacemaker and offered at 500–1 in the morning,..rallied to hold off Ballingarry for second. b. A device which provides a cyclist, runner, etc., with guidance as to speed. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > other parts of cycles saddle1819 saddle pin1836 rest1855 pillion1878 Arab spring1880 carrier1885 coaster1895 bicycle basket1896 pacemaker1896 steering lock1897 headset1898 flapper-seat1916 stand1918 kick-stand1947 sissy bar1959 stabilizers1960 1896 Godey's Mag. Apr. 377/1 On the same lines is a pace~maker that can be set at any desired rate... While this rate is maintained, it rings a bell. 1961 Times 11 Apr. 14/5 An athlete training with an automatic pacemaker. 2. A person who sets the rate of working for others; (more generally) any person or thing whose performance sets or represents a standard; a trendsetter. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > worker according to manner of working > [noun] > setting pace of work for others pacemaker1905 the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > pioneering or breaking new ground > a pioneer pioneer1605 outstarter1738 advance guard1759 path-breaker1843 pathfinder1847 torch-bearer1847 path-hewer1879 pacesetter1895 pacemaker1905 trail-blazer1908 style-setter1959 1905 U. Sinclair Jungle xi, in Appeal to Reason 20 May 2/4 They would get new pace-makers and pay them more. 1922 World Tomorrow July 214/1 You would hardly expect an agricultural state to be greatly interested in legislation on behalf of the worker. Denmark has been a pacemaker in this regard. 1976 Star (Sheffield) 30 Nov. 14/4 Chris Guthrie's hopes of a return to face the Second Division's pacemakers Chelsea at Bramall Lane on Friday night soared today. 1992 Independent (Nexis) 7 June 31 Kent is seen as a trendsetter and market leader–definitely as the pacemaker in local government. 3. a. Physiology. A part of the heart that determines the rate at which it beats and where the contractions begin (normally, in humans and other mammals, the sino-atrial node). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > vascular system > heart > [noun] > other parts of heart-rootc1390 cone1615 sinus venosus1836 cor pulmonale1857 pacemaker1910 1910 Heart 2 39 The normal auricular complex is most closely simulated by beats excited from the neighbourhood of Keith and Flack's node. The pace-maker of the heart is therefore situated in the neighbourhood of the superior cavo-auricular junction. 1927 J. B. S. Haldane & J. S. Huxley Animal Biol. vii. 146 In a mammal the beat starts at the entrance of the great veins to the right auricle in a special piece of tissue known as the ‘pace-maker’ which does not contract but stimulates the neighbouring muscle. 1951 Ann. Surg. 84 8/2 Pratt..stated that the pacemaker is governed, at least in part, by the chemical content of venous blood returning to the right auricle. 1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) xiv. 482 In teleosts, in which stimulation of the sinus venosus is generally unimportant, an accessory pacemaker is present in the atrium. b. Physiology. A part of an organ or of the body that controls some rhythmic physiological activity other than that of the heart. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > internal organs > [noun] > controlling rhythmic activity pacemaker1949 1949 A. Koestler Insight & Outlook xx. 138 A certain region near the sinus end of the heart controls the rate of beat, and similar ‘pacemakers’ function in the stomach, the ureters, and so forth. 1963 R. P. Dales Annelids vi. 132 If there are two pacemakers maintaining two muscular activities it may well be asked if one can dominate the other. 1974 C. E. McLennan & E. C. Sandberg Synopsis Obstetr. (ed. 9) x. 145 Any group of excited myometrial cells anywhere in the uterus may serve in the pacemaker role and initiate electrical propagation throughout the myometrium. 1996 Independent 13 Feb. 10/3 Dr Silver believes a group of cells located just behind the eyes, known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) acts as the circadian pacemaker by emitting some sort of chemical. c. Medicine. An artificial electrical device used to control or correct the rhythm of the heart. Also: such a device used to regulate the activity of an organ other than the heart. Cf. pacer n. 6. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > life-supporting equipment > [noun] > heart-controlling equipment pacemaker1950 defibrillator1956 pacer1963 1950 W. G. Bigelow et al. in Ann. Surg. 132 537 An artificial pacemaker in the form of periodic electrical stimulation of the SA node area of the heart has successfully restored heart action. 1963 Daily Tel. 16 Apr. 17/1 A transistorised pacemaker little bigger than a match box and weighing only a few ounces has been devised for implanting in the abdominal wall. 1988 G. Swift Out of this World 91 He jokes about his pacemaker: ‘Soon I will be all spare parts.’ 1993 Canad. Geographic July 53/1 As examples of innovative work being done at the institution, McLauchlin cites advances in immunology and drug therapy, as well as the development of a ‘brain pacemaker’ for people with epilepsy. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1884
随便看	to put a thing to silence to put a tiger in one's tank to put a trick or tricks upon to put a veto on to put a veto upon to put a voodoo on to put a woman up the spout to put a zipper on to put aback to put about to put abroad to put across to put adown to put afear to put again to put all one's eggs in one basket to put all one's irons in the fire to put alsoset a person on guard to put alsoset a person on his guard to put alsoset on guard to put alsoset on his guard to put an ape in a person's hood to put an end to to put an oar in every man's boat to put apart