overrunn.

Brit.

/ˈəʊvərʌn/, U.S.

/ˈoʊvə(r)ˌrən/

Forms: early Middle English ouervrn, 1800s– overrun.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, run n.²

Etymology: < over- prefix + run n.² Compare earlier overrun v.

†1. Speed or exceptional ability in running. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > going swiftly on foot > [noun] > running > excess or superiority in

overruna1250

overrunning1908

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 182 Asaeles swiftschipe þet strof wið heortes ouervrn [c1230 Corpus Cambr. of urn; a1300 Caius on urn].

2. Printing. A transfer of words or lines of type on to another line or page in order to accommodate the addition or removal of material; a piece of text transferred in this way. Cf. overrun v. 12.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printed matter > arrangement or appearance of printed matter > [noun] > extension beyond allotted space

overrun1898

run-over1900

turn-over1938

1898 J. Southward Mod. Printing I. xxxiv. 210 When there is a long over-run, the matter should be placed upon a small galley, which should be turned, so that the last line rests against its head.

1902 T. L. De Vinne Pract. Typogr.: Correct Composition (ed. 2) xvi. 309 Every paragraph containing an alteration that compels one or more overruns should be re-read.

1935 B. Perry And gladly Teach vii. 169 When the forms were made up, there was an over-run of three lines.

3. Business and Finance.

a. Balance or surplus carried over. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > account book > difference between sides > specific

foot1433

fault1665

rest1670

balance (in hand)1771

account balance1789

carryover1873

carryforward1894

overrun1899

carryback1941

1899 Daily News 10 May 2/7 This is inclusive of over-run previous to 30th April.

b. An excess of production; a surplus over the amount of stock that is required or can be sold. Also in plural: surplus items of stock.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [noun] > excess of production

overproduction1822

overrun1905

1905 G. Pinchot Rep. Forester (U.S. Dept. Agriculture) 32 Accurate data will be obtained for all important National Forest timber trees regarding the overrun of mill cut in excess of log scale.

1958 T. Landau Encycl. Librarianship 230/2 Overrun, copies surplus to the number ordered.

1962 J. N. Winburne Dict. Agric. 539/2 Overrun,..the excess amount of lumber actually sawed from logs over the estimated volume or log scale, usually expressed as a percentage of log scale.

1970 Toronto Daily Star 24 Sept. 27/1 (advt.) Our huge purchase includes many carloads of the top lines of merchandise, plus close-outs, over-runs, sample bales.

1995 Sci. & Public Affairs Winter 33/2 Production over-runs will be minimized, making end-of-season sales much smaller.

c. An excess of expenditure over that estimated or budgeted for; an instance of spending more than is estimated or budgeted for.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [noun] > overspending > over budget

overhang1953

overrun1956

1956 Wall St. Jrnl. 10 Oct. 12/3 Some of our government officials get carried away with the thought of spending $156 million plus the over-run beyond the estimate.

1960 Times 21 Nov. (Canada Suppl.) p. xiii/2 Among these were cases of capital overruns and operating returns poorer than expected.

1973 Nature 23 Mar. 224/3 If there are cost overruns on the first two missions, the third may be scrapped.

2000 M. Beaumont e 32 The unauthorised £16,000 may not be the only over-run on her business.

4. The action of extending beyond a desired or designated point; an instance or result of this; (Broadcasting) an instance of overrunning the allotted time in recording or broadcasting; (also) the excess footage so produced.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [noun] > passing beyond a point or limit

trespass16..

transgression1623

overshooting1795

overrunning1867

overrun1902

overtravel1923

1902 W. D. Howells Let. 12 Oct. in Sel. Lett. (1983) V. 37 A tender retrospect..seems friendly to a treatment in heroic couplets,—with the overrun of the Prepopean poets.

1962 A. Nisbett Technique of Sound Studio vii. 118 Some people regard the need for editing as an admission of defeat, and use it only for dealing with overruns or particularly bad fluffs.

1977 M. Babson Murder, Murder, Little Star xiv. 106 The films couldn't be cut... They hadn't allowed for any overrun on the scenes.

1992 Do it Yourself (BNC) 11 Mechanical extractor ventilation capable of providing at least three air changes per hour and operating with 15-minute overrun after activation.

a. The proportional increase in weight that occurs when butterfat is made into butter.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [noun] > churning butter > overrun

overrun1906

1906 H. Snyder Dairy Chem. vii. 71 During the process of butter making, the slight loss of fat in the skim milk and buttermilk is more than compensated for by the added water, casein, and salt in the butter. The additional butter made from a pound of butter fat is called the overrun.

1955 J. G. Davis Dict. Dairying (ed. 2) 143 Thus difference between the butter manufactured and the butterfat purchased is known as the overrun, which is usually expressed as a percentage of the butterfat purchased.

b. The increase in volume due to aeration that occurs in the manufacture of ice cream, synthetic cream, etc.; (also) the process of aeration by which this increase is achieved.

ΚΠ

1922 T. Mojonnier & H. C. Troy Techn. Control Dairy Products xv. 443 Insufficient overrun greatly increases the cost of the ice cream, and yields a product that is immediately detected by its heavy and soggy appearance.

1958 Sunday Times 22 June 23/6 Overrun is the aeration or amount any given mix [for ice-cream] will swell in volume when subjected to the freezing process.

1972 New York 15 May 4/1 (advt.) The best coffee ice cream in New York... Sixteen per cent butterfat, 50 per cent overrun; one pint weighs 12¾ ounces.

1993 Taste Aug. 20/2 Overrun (the process of pumping air into the ice cream) is necessary for a degree of lightness and texture.

6. An additional track, runway, road, etc., provided to accommodate vehicles which overrun their intended stopping point.

ΚΠ

1912 L. P. Lewis Railway Signal Engin. xi. 317 This distance is termed the ‘Over-run’, as it allows a clear run in the event of a driver being unable to bring his train to stand at the home signal... If the section and the over-run are both clear, ‘B’ will acknowledge the ‘Is Line Clear?’ signal by repeating it.

1977 Times 16 Dec. 16/1 The Orbiter..will land at Cape Canaveral on a runway 15,000 feet long,..with a 1,000ft overrun at each end.

1988 Motor Boat & Yachting Oct. 127/2 Driver Robert Woods left the course at high speed, shot across the wide over-run, up the beach and into the crowded spectator area.

7. Angling. An instance of the passing of an excess of line through the reel.

ΚΠ

1923 ‘Faddist’ Dry-fly Fishing for Coarse Fish 3 I had trouble from occasional overruns.

1987 Trout & Stream Mar. 84/3 To help smooth casting the reel has..a magnetic spool control, which helps to prevent overruns.

2002 Perth Sunday Times (Nexis) 22 Sept. Gavin Ireland..was alert enough to..grab the rod and prevent a massive line overrun.

8. The movement of a vehicle at a speed greater than that being imparted by the engine, or any other means of motive power. Chiefly in on the overrun: in a phase during which this occurs.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > [noun] > movement at greater speed than engine imparts

overrun1928

1928 Observer 8 Jan. 21/4 The engine runs smoothly and quietly throughout most of its range. There is a certain drumming noise, rather difficult to define and trace, on the over-run, but it is comparatively trifling.

1962 Which? Car Suppl. Oct. 131/2 The washers..would only operate properly when the engine was on the overrun, i.e. when the foot was taken off the accelerator.

1987 Super Bike June 68/2 Bottom gear is actually high enough to use on the overrun into the chicane without locking the back wheel.

9. Computing. The loss of data as a result of transmission at a rate too fast for the processing capability of the receiving device; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1971 IBM Techn. Disclosure Bull. 14 801 (title) Cycle steal stacking and overrun detection circuitry.

1984 Byte May 371/3 The program must check for the occurrence of an overrun. Upon finding one, the assembly routine sets a flag.

1995 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf., Globecom 888 Without flow control, buffer overruns at the ATM switches feeding into bottlenecks can prevent the TCP from using more than a few percent of the potential bandwidth.

Compounds

Used attributively with reference to the tendency of a towed vehicle to run faster than a decelerating towing vehicle, esp. to designate a system of braking that corrects this tendency.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [adjective] > having no or spec. type of brake > specific type of brake

unlockable1854

Westinghouse1870

overrun1959

1959 Motor Man. (ed. 36) xiii. 273 When the car brakes are applied, or the car slows down against a closed throttle, the caravan tends to overrun, thus causing the bar to move back against the spring, push back the operating lever and thus apply the caravan brakes. This is known as the ‘over-run’ method.

1967 Gloss. Caravan Terms (B.S.I.) 2 Overrun braking, a system of braking in which the caravan brakes are automatically operated by the momentum of the caravan when the towing vehicle is braked. Normally this is achieved by mounting the coupling head on a shaft moving on the drawbar and restrained by a compression spring or a damper.

1977 Good Motoring May 3/1 A trailer with over-run brakes can weigh more than the kerb weight of the car, providing a limit of 40 mph is observed.

1989 Mail on Sunday Camping & Caravanning 50/3 Braking on the caravan is normally carried out by an overrun system, in which the car brakes first and this in turn applies, almost simultaneously, the brakes on the caravan.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

overrunv.

Brit.

/ˌəʊvəˈrʌn/, U.S.

/ˌoʊvə(r)ˈrən/

Inflections: Past tense overran; past participle overrun;

Forms: see over- prefix and run v.; also 1700s overun (Scottish, past participle), 1800s– o'erun (English regional (Cheshire)).

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, run v.

Etymology: < over- prefix + run v. Compare to run over at run v. Phrasal verbs 1. With sense 1b compare Middle High German überrinnen (German †überrinnen ), Old Swedish ivirrinna , Danish overrinde ; with sense 5a compare Middle Dutch overrinnen, Middle High German überrennen (German überrennen).

I. To run over, across, through.

a. transitive. To run over or across (a region or surface); to cross by running; to pass over quickly. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)]

thoroughfareeOE

overrunOE

through-goOE

through-gangOE

passc1300

traverse?a1400

go1483

transcur1528

sweep1600

oversweep1612

supermeate1656

percur1835

overmeasure1896

OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) iii. §6. 20 Se mona..næfð þære sunnan leoht ða hwile ðe he þære sceade ord oferyrnð.

a1275 Body & Soul (Trin. Cambr. B.14.39) l. 75 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 130 Fir sal benen [read brenen]..þe world it sal ouer ornen [?a1300 Digby 86 ouer gon] and þuse brode londes.

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 6730 He ouer-ernnes dounes & cuntre, Þe brod lond, and þe valays.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 862 (MED) In foure and twenty houres evene The carte with the bryhte Sonne Thei drawe, so that overronne Thei have under the cercles hihe Al Middelerthe.

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 9/1 The prevet or searchinge iron..should not prætermit & ouerrunne a smalle dilaceratione, without perceavinge and staying therat.

?1614 W. Drummond Sonnet: In vaine I haunt in Poems In vaine (Loues pilgrim) Mountaines, Dailes and Plaines I ouer-runne.

1661 T. Ross tr. Silius Italicus Second Punick War iii. 70 When they overran the Champian Field, It was as vain a Task, to think to finde Their Foot-steps, as to trace the lighter Winde.

a1845 T. Hood Wks. (1862–3) V. 199 So she gather'd the awful sense Of the street in its past unmacadamized tense, As the wild horse overran it.

1868 C. Lofft Ernest (ed. 2) v. 92 There lay the hovel in sight, and soon their speed Had overrun that space.

1975 H. Brodkey Esquire Aug. 91/2 We overrun the world, he and I, with his legs, with our eyes, with our alliance.

b. transitive. Of a liquid: to flow across or over, to cover completely; to overflow (a bank, etc.). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (transitive)]

overruneOE

overflowOE

surround1444

overfleeta1460

infounder1505

overfloat1601

inund1628

deluge1649

inound1657

flood1663

to set on float1692

overflood?1784

inundate1791

float1794

freshet1865

the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > overflow > [verb (transitive)]

overruneOE

overflow1548

overswell1597

eOE Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) iii. ii. 306 Do twæde þæs wines, & þriddan dæl þæs huniges do þæt se wæta mæge furþum ofer yrnan þa wyrta.

c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 2151 (MED) Þe blod ouerran þe cuntraye Oueral in þe valaye.

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 6565 (MED) Tigris: Jn tyme of wynter it is drye; Jn somer it ouerrenneþ þe cuntreie.

a1450 St. Katherine (Richardson 44) (1884) 24 (MED) The erthe was al ouer ronne wyth shepes blood.

a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 8031 (MED) But if þe erthe moche hier be, Þe see shulde it sone ouere renne.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cii^* The blude of thair bodeis..As roise ragit on rise Our ran thair riche vedis.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) Induct. ii. 64 Til the teares that she hath shed for thee, Like enuious flouds ore-run her louely face.

1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 166 I felt a sugred strange delight, Passing all cordials made by any art, Bedew, embalme, and overrunne my heart.

1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. iii. 31 A general Flood of waters would necessarily over-run the face of the whole Earth.

1791 ‘T. Newte’ Prospects & Observ. Tour 160 The Spey occasionally overruns a tract of ground of about fifteen hundred acres.

1833 W. Ware Probus I. iv. 102 The Tiber in a few hours overran its banks, and laid much of the city on its borders under water.

1870 R. W. Emerson Civilization in Wks. (1881) III. 9 The diffusion of knowledge, overrunning all the old barriers of caste.

1914 W. S. Blunt Stealing of Mare in Poet. Wks. II. 154 Her heart became straitened, and her tears overran her cheeks.

1992 N.Y. Times 21 Jan. c10/1 A waterway that is known as ‘China's sorrow’ because of its propensity to overrun its banks.

2008 S. A. Dupree Red River Valley ix. 104 The new, north channel was formed in 1838 when the river overran the levee on its left bank during a storm.

†2. transitive. To run through (a passage of text, etc.); to survey, discuss, or consider (a subject, etc.); (later) esp. to review or glance through quickly; to pass over lightly or superficially. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > reading > [verb] > to browse rapidly or omit passages

overrunOE

skip1526

to glance over1582

to look inside ——1591

to look into ——1624

to glance through1865

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > expound, explain [verb (transitive)]

arecchec885

unloukOE

overrunOE

sutelec1000

trahtnec1000

unfolda1050

belayc1175

openc1175

onopena1200

accountc1300

undo?a1366

remenea1382

interpret1382

unwrap1387

exploitc1390

enlumine1393

declarec1400

expoundc1400

unplait?c1400

enperc1420

planea1425

clearc1440

exponec1440

to lay outc1440

to give (also carry) lightc1449

unwind1482

expose1483

reducea1500

manifest1530

explicate1531

explaina1535

unlock?1536

dilucidate1538

elucidate1538

illustrate1538

rechec1540

explicate1543

illucidate1545

enucleate1548

unsnarl1555

commonstrate1563

to lay forth1577

straighten1577

unbroid1577

untwist1577

decipherc1586

illuminate1586

enlighten1587

resolvec1592

cipher1594

eliquidate1596

to take (a person) with one1599

rivelc1600

ravel1604

unbowel1606

unmist1611

extricate1614

unbolta1616

untanglea1616

enode1623

unperplexa1631

perspicuate1634

explata1637

unravel1637

esclarea1639

clarify1642

unweave1642

detenebrate1646

dismystery1652

undecipher1654

unfork1654

unparadox1654

reflect1655

enodate1656

unmysterya1661

liquidatea1670

recognize1676

to clear upa1691

to throw sidelight on1726

to throw (also cast, shed) light on (also upon)1731

eclaircise1754

irradiate1864

unbraid1880

predigest1905

to get (something) straight1920

disambiguate1960

demystify1963

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) vii. 232 Nu wille we eft oferyrnan þa ylcan godspellican endebyrdnysse.

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xiii. 287 We wyllað scortlice oferyrnan þa digelystan word.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 268 (MED) Cursur o werld man aght it call, For almast it ouer-rennes [a1400 Fairf. ouerrynnys; a1400 Gött. ouer-rines; a1400 Trin. Cambr. reherseþ] all.

c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 194 (MED) Þe meenal moral vertues..mowe be þe bettir knowen and þe esilier ouerrunne in þe siȝt of resoun..if þo..vertues be soortid bi hem silf.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 48 To put me also in rememberance of such fautys..wych you schal peraventure see me over run & by neclygence let pas.

1577 T. Vautrollier tr. M. Luther Comm. Epist. to Galathians (new ed.) f. 255 Of this commaundement I haue largely entreated in an other place, and therefore I will now but lightly ouerrunne it.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 150 Having first over-run in our thoughts that our senses are all entire, and that we behold this waking, not in a dream.

a. transitive. To crush or destroy by running over the top of; to run down, run over, trample underfoot. Of a wave, flood, etc.: to overwhelm, drown. Also (occasionally) intransitive. Also in figurative context.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)] > crush > trample down

treadc825

oftreadeOE

fortreadc1000

overrunOE

treadc1000

fulla1400

trample1530

trachlec1550

betrample1567

hobnail1875

to plough down1877

steamroll1900

steamroller1913

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xii. 113 Moyses ða astrehte his hand ongean ðære sæ, and heo oferarn Pharao.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 124 (MED) So com a tempest wilde, his schip had alle ouer ronnen.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. viii. sig. H3 Despisd and troden downe of all that ouerran .

a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 58 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Pasture, that now is all trampled and over-runne.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida (1623) iii. iii. 157 Like a gallant Horse falne in first ranke, Lye there for pauement..neere Ore-run and trampled on.

1667 London Gaz. No. 197/1 Yesterday a Hoy laden with Bay-salt..was unfortunately over-ran by another ship, and lost.

1709 T. Sprat Plague of Athens 7 Plague..cannot be avoided or withstood, But drowns and over-runs with unexpected Flood.

1769 Weekly Mag. (Edinb.) 25 May 254 A young child was overun by a horse and cart, and killed on the spot.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 982 The rolley horses have a peculiar kind of shafts..the purpose of which is to prevent the carriage from overrunning them.

1890 War of Rebellion (U.S. War Dept.) XLII. 86 Brigadier-General Turchin,..though severely bruised by being overrun by a horse, remained until Sunday afternoon, and Behaved gallantly.

1994 Action Asia Aug. 94/2 One logging camp was recently overrun by a herd of rampaging elephants.

b. transitive. figurative. To overpower, overcome, defeat comprehensively.Now also with suggestion of sense 5c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm

overcomeeOE

overgangOE

overnimOE

overswivec1175

foldc1275

overgoc1275

to bear downc1330

oversetc1330

outrayc1390

overleada1393

overreach?a1425

overwhelmc1425

to whelve overc1440

overruna1475

surprise1474

overpress1489

surbatea1500

overhale1531

overbear1535

overcrow1550

disable1582

surgain1586

overpower1597

overman1609

to come over ——1637

to run down1655

overpower1667

compel1697

to get over ——1784

overget1877

to grab (also take) by the balls1934

eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) v. ix. 410 Mid þy..ic mine limo on beddstowe strehte & me liht slep oferorn [OE Corpus Cambr. ofernam], þa æteaude me min giu magister.

Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 62 Thei myghten lightli ouirrenne vs cristene, as bi mannis power.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 1206 (MED) Thyne enmy..has thy renkes ouerronne and refte them theire childyre.

a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 115 Ellis all his enymes myght ouerrenne hym.

a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 46 (MED) Euery man shall ouirerenne you and dispreyse you as for the most shamefull people of the worlde.

1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland i. xliv. 28/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II That hauing his aid he might ouer-run his owne father, and shorten his old yeares.

c1654 E. Waller Panegyric to Ld. Protector xlv Tell of towns stormed, of armies overrun.

1667 S. Pepys Diary 31 Oct. (1974) VIII. 513 It troubles me that we must come to contend with these great persons, which will overrun us.

1919 Outing Mar. 313/1 They fell out with the English long before the war was over, were attacked by them and overrun.

2000 Rugby World June 134/3 In this year's competition Colston's had an exemption until round three, when they overran Exeter College 106–0.

†4. intransitive. Of a period of time, life, etc.: to run out, to come to an end. Obsolete.The perfect tense is formed with to be.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > be at an end [verb (intransitive)] > come to an end, terminate, or expire

to run outeOE

endOE

stintc1275

slakea1300

overpassc1350

determinec1374

overruna1393

dispend1393

failc1399

missa1400

to wear out, forth1412

stanchc1420

to come outa1450

terminea1450

expire?c1450

finish1490

conclude1593

upclose1603

terminate1608

to shut up1609

to wind off1650

stop1733

to fall in1771

close1821

to blaze out1884

outgive1893

to play out1964

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 1059 (MED) And this Lazar nou ate laste, The worldes peine is overronne, In hevene and hath his lif begonne Of joie, which is endeles.

1398–9 in C. Innes Liber Sancte Marie de Melros (1837) 490 Ovre runnen and ganeby sex wowkis daye eftir the lymite terme.

R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 36 (MED) Half a ȝere, thre monethis, & sum wekys ar our-ryn [L. effluxerunt].

c1480 (a1400) St. Mary of Egypt 1136 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 329 Quhen be-gonnyn was þe fastine, þe ȝere our-(r)unnyne, & cummyne was þe fyrst sonday.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. a*i Whan the .vii. yeres were ouerronne & past.

a. transitive. To ride or move over (a region or country) with an armed force; to ravage, conquer, destroy; to sack, pillage (a city, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > invasion > invade [verb (transitive)] > overrun or harry

begoa855

harryc893

war1297

overridea1375

yerna1400

overrun?a1425

overharry1600

harrow1606

harassa1618

sweep1788

jay-hawk1866

?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1940) 24392 (MED) And euer þai spi and haf in wille On þam to rase, ouer rin with ille.

c1440 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Thornton) 280 Ȝete salle þe riche Romaynes with ȝow bene ouer-ronnene [a1500 Douce aure-ronene].

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 150 [They] may for occasioun of the weris..ourryn the landis..and tak the pure labouraris prisounaris.

a1500 Rev. Methodius in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1918) 33 779 (MED) All þe worde þey xall ouer-runne..þey xall devowre men & women with schylde ete.

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Cv^v Cityes..haue bene ouerrunned.

a1596 G. Peele Praise of Chastity in Wks. (1829–39) 248 More honour there is won With chaste rebukes to temper thy desire, Than glory gain'd the world to overrun.

1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iii. §95. 363 The Northerne parts were overrun and harried by the Scots.

a1672 A. Bradstreet Four Monarchyes in Poems in Wks. (1867) 111 A league of amity..Which had they kept, Greece had more nobly done Then when the world they after overrun.

1714 E. Ward Hudibras Redivivus (ed. 3) II. i. i. 23 Who, but Papist, Jew, or Turk, Would not..lend the Saints a helping Hand To over-run the promis'd Land?

1756 F. Brooke Old Maid No. 31. 182 It must be confessed..for fame he [sc. Alexander] over run whole nations unprovoked.

1798 J. Baillie Siege ii. i. 193 The enemy, it is feared, may penetrate to these parts, and overrun the country.

1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands III. iii. v. 52 The invaders, pouring from the highlands, over-ran Lombardy.

1890 A. Rimmer Summer Rambles Manch. p. v He would have thought that his country had been overrun by foreign foes and destituted.

1939 War Illustr. 9 Dec. 393/1 Moravia and Bohemia had been overrun by the Nazi armies.

1992 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 9 Feb. 3/2 The village..perched on the toe of the Italian boot..has been overrun, occupied, sacked and exploited by foreign conquerors.

b. transitive. Of plants and animals: to spread over rapidly, cover; to populate densely or (esp.) uncontrollably; to run wild over. Of pests, weeds, etc.: to swarm over, infest. Chiefly in passive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > extend over > extend over so as to cover

overgroweOE

wryc1275

overtakec1425

overreachc1440

overrun?1440

spread?1567

overcreep1640

cover1874

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ix. 24 (MED) Pasturis ek in this mone is to brenne That busshus, ther they growith ouerhie And bisie beth the lond to ouerrenne, This brennyng may their stook & hem destrie.

1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. b Briars and Thorns my Grave shall over-run.

1691 J. Dunton Voy. round World 386 Buckingham-shire..hath its name from the plenty of Beech-trees, which the Saxons call Bucken, with which the Country was formerly so overrun, that it was altogether impassible.

1735 J. Hildebrand Brutus the Trojan iv. 72 (note) A little Island, now Formentara, overrun with Snakes.

1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. i. 33 The road..was sometimes over-run by luxuriant vegetation.

1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. i. 22 I saw the mouldering ruin of an abbey overrun with ivy.

1849 H. Melville Redburn xlviii. 307 Some days before, the forecastle had been smoked out, to extirpate the vermin overrunning her.

1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Dec. 14/1 To sleep in a small cell overrun with mice.

1902 J. Payne Poet. Wks. I. 94 The place was overrun with flowerage.

1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. xxii. 453 Prickly pear..spread rapidly and overran large areas of the country.

1994 Evening Sun (Baltimore) 28 Nov. b1/2 The cemetery no longer is overrun by brambles and littered with toppled tombstones.

c. transitive. In extended use: to spread through so as to prevail over or dominate, esp. in a harmful or injurious manner; to overwhelm or take possession of; to inundate in large numbers. Frequently in passive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > affect with disease [verb (transitive)] > overrun

overruna1538

the world > space > extension in space > spreading or diffusion > [verb (transitive)] > spread over or through (something) > in injurious manner

overgoOE

fleetc1400

overruna1538

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to > affect detrimentally > affect injuriously with

overgoOE

overruna1538

smear1549

blast1605

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 109 So many affectys & vycyouse desyrys..that except man wyth cure dylygence & labur resyst to the same, they over run reson.

a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Aiii^v The chilling cold did ouerrunne their bones.

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 45 Vice alwaies watcheth to ouer-run vs so soone as we let our selues loose vnto idlenes.

a1620 N. Field Honest Mans Fortune (1647) vi. i. 164 Suffer himselfe to be over-run with a Lethargy of melancholy and discontent!

1679 T. Shadwell True Widow ii. 25 Of late I have had no leisure to make a Song, I am so overrun with new Acquaintances.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 405 The Latin Names of Offices, and Terms of Law, &c. over-run the old Greek Language.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 128. ¶10 The Wife is over-run with Affectation.

1760 E. Burke Ess. Abridgm. Eng. Hist. 42 The provinces [of Rome] were over-run by publicans,..confiscators, usurers, bankers.

1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. vi. 139 I have..been over-run with cards of invitation without number.

a1871 T. W. Robertson Dreams i. 7 It [sc. England] is a country overrun with money but with very little melody.

1890 Universal Rev. Sept. 78 The daily newspapers..are overrun with social paragraphism.

1914 G. B. Shaw Parents & Children in Misalliance p. li We are overrun with Popes.

1991 TV Extra (Brisbane) 10 Mar. 26/2 While Megaville is free and wealthy, it is overrun with corruption, blackmail, greed and people fleeing Hemisphere.

6. intransitive. Of a liquid or its containing vessel: to brim over, overflow. Also figurative: to overabound (with).In quot. a1450: to drain away.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > overflow > [verb (intransitive)] > of a vessel

overfloweOE

runc1225

overruna1450

to run over1530

shed1601

overbrim1607

to set over1608

to well over1843

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > be excessive [verb (intransitive)] > superabound > overflow

overfloweOE

overruna1450

to flow above the banks1495

to flow over1526

superabound1582

overswell1597

to flow past shore?1615

restagnate1653

to well over1843

to brim over1858

a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 36 (MED) Þan hang þe croddys..in a fayre cloþe, and lat it ouer-renne.

1707 E. J. Smith Phædra & Hippolitus ii. 21 Tho' you have left me for the Royal Phaedra, Yet still my Soul o'er runs with Fondness t'wards thee.

1845 J. H. Ingraham Grace Weldon vi. 29 Grace is a charming girl—lovely in mind as in person, and her heart overruns with good and noble feelings.

1853 D. Wilson Hymns of Praise 206 Mine eyes o'errun with tears.

1877 Scribner's Monthly Apr. 874/1 The whole story overruns with good-nature and good cheer.

1879 J. Beatty Citizen-soldier 274 He is as jovial as the most successful man in the world, and overruns with small jokes and stories.

1922 C. E. Russell Outlook for Philippines 336 Manchuria..abounds and overruns with such a wealth of natural resources.

1989 Y. Rainier et al. Films Yvonne Rainier 88 Her mind overruns with the faces of people gone from her life.

2010 J. Colt Hellraiser of Hollywood Hills xliii. 401 Her big, blue eyes overran with tears the minute she saw Andie Sue.

†7. transitive. To overlap, lie over or on top of. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > extend over

ridec1475

overrun1850

1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 147 The butts may overrun each other, in order to make a good shift.

1873 E. Leigh Sci. Med. Cotton Spinning I. 144 For heavy carding a fancy roller, which is a roller that overruns the periphery of the cylinder, is sometimes used.

II. To surpass in running, run beyond, etc.

a. transitive. To run faster than, outrun; to overtake or leave behind through speed of movement; (occasionally) to overcome by running fast. Also (of a mechanical part): to rotate faster than. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [verb (transitive)] > go along a way or road > quickly

overruna1425

snick1883

shred1977

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > operate parts [verb (transitive)] > of part: rotate faster than

overruna1425

the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (transitive)] > gain (ground) upon > catch up or overtake > outstrip > by running

of-runOE

overruna1425

outrunc1460

fore-run1513

to have (also get) the heels of1649

to have the legs of (also on)1861

to give a stone and a beating to1885

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)]

overstyeOE

overshinec1175

overgoc1225

passc1225

surmountc1369

forpassc1374

overmatcha1375

overpassa1382

to pass overa1393

overcomec1400

outpass?a1425

exceedc1425

precedec1425

superexcelc1429

transcendc1430

precel?a1439

outcut1447

overgrowc1475

to come over ——a1479

excel1493

overleapa1500

vanquish1533

outweigh1534

prevent1540

better1548

preferc1550

outgo1553

surpassa1555

exsuperate1559

cote1566

overtop1567

outrun1575

outstrip1579

outsail1580

overruna1586

pre-excel1587

outbid1589

outbrave1589

out-cote1589

top1590

outmatch1593

outvie1594

superate1595

surbravec1600

oversile1608

over-height1611

overstride1614

outdoa1616

outlustrea1616

outpeera1616

outstrikea1616

outrival1622

antecede1624

out-top1624

antecell1625

out-pitch1627

over-merit1629

outblazea1634

surmatch1636

overdoa1640

overact1643

outact1644

worst1646

overspana1657

outsoar1674

outdazzle1691

to cut down1713

ding1724

to cut out1738

cap1821

by-pass1848

overtower1850

pretergress1851

outray1876

outreach1879

cut1884

outperform1937

outrate1955

one-up1963

a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 27 (MED) Þe naked man komynly ouer renneþ þe cloþed.

c1440 (?a1400) Sir Perceval (1930) 342 (MED) The moste mere he þare see Smertly ouerrynnes he.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 122 Eche man ranne with the maiden..and the maiden over-ranne hem all.

c1510 Gesta Romanorum, Addit. Stories (1879) 429 No man sholde haue her to wyfe, but suche as myght ouer renne her, and take her by strength of foot.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. vii. sig. S2^v Pyrocles..seemed so to ouerrun his age in growth, strength [etc.].

1653 R. Baxter Right Method Settled Peace 25 Suffering their zeal to over-run their Christian wisdom and meekness.

1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 85 Christian was somwhat moved, and puting to all his strength, he quickly got up with Faithful, and did also over-run him.

a1693 Disc. Tenures in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) I. 79 The sun overrunneth the moon in light.

1729 J. Gay Let. 9 Nov. (1966) 86 There is one thing which you have often put me in mind of, the over-running you with an answer before you had spoken.

1749 D. Garrick Let. 22 Aug. (1963) I. 118 I must once again beg pardon for being so Slovenly in my writing; my Mind over runs My hand.

1770 H. Brooke Fool of Quality V. 143 Polly Truck, had followed her beloved Patron with all imaginable Zeal and Speed, and had overrun all the Lads by near a Furlong.

1857 Ld. Dufferin Lett. from High Latitudes (ed. 3) 150 It would seem..a pity to neglect such an opportunity of overrunning the time that has been lost.

1889 P. N. Hasluck Model Engineer's Handybk. 70 Another advantage of high speed is, that it often enables the engine to over-run this resistance.

1959 Motor Man. (ed. 36) xiii. 274 As the caravan over-runs the car, the shaft moves backwards against the spring and operates the brake-actuating lever.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) IX. 455/2 The second function [of an overdrive] is to permit the output shaft to overrun the transmission shaft.

1995 Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) 4 June v. 5/4 Mainwaring reached third when his liner was overrun by center fielder Lenny Dykstra.

b. transitive. To escape from by running faster than; to run away from. Also figurative: to shirk or abandon (a duty, etc.), to leave undone or unfinished. Now English regional. †to overrun the constable (also one's creditors, etc.) (slang): to run into debt (obsolete). Cf. constable n. 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away from [verb (transitive)] > run away from

of-runOE

to show (a person) a (clean or fair) pair of heels (also one's heels)1370

to show (a person) the (or one's) backc1450

overrun1583

run1606

shuna1616

bail1775

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > not do [verb (transitive)] > leave undone or fail to carry out

letc900

overheaveOE

forsakec1175

missa1350

leavea1375

fail1393

forgeta1400

omit?c1422

pretermit1475

neglect1533

to dispense with1559

permit1567

overrun1583

slip1592

default1649

to miss of ——1658

to fail of1723

the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > by running

overrun1583

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. N4^v These fugitiues that ouerrun their flocks in time of infection.

1602 F. Herring in tr. J. Oberndorf Anatomyes True Physition Ep. Ded. sig. A 3 Euery Bankerupt who hath ouerrunne his Creditors.

1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews v. i, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 134 Impossible it is to overrun his power, and the punishment he will bring on men thereby.

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxiii. 211 ‘Harkee, my girl, how far have you over-run the constable?’—I told him that the debt amounted to eleven pounds.

1805 G. Colman Who wants Guinea? ii. ii. 25 You see, when you have completely over-run the constable, you must try to out-run the bailiff.

1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. iv. 70 I shall overrun these doings before long.

a1876 E. Leigh Gloss. Words Dial. Cheshire (1877) 148 Overrun,..A wife complaining of her husband, said, ‘If he dunna tak care, au'll o'erun him.’

1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. 307 O'er-run,..I'v' bin despert onlucky ooth my pou'try this 'ear; theer's three 'ens o'er-run thar nists after the eggs wun chipped.

1885 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) 245 He's o'er-run his work.

9. transitive (reflexive). To run beyond one's capacity or strength; to run too far or too fast, with injurious results; to wear oneself out. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (reflexive)] > in specific ways

overrun1533

overthink1628

overmusea1652

over-dance1653

overtravel1654

forfight1661

overwalk1662

over-read1668

overwrite1752

overpreach1865

outwrite1883

overshoot1883

to run out1892

the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > going swiftly on foot > move swiftly on foot [verb (reflexive)] > exhaust by running

overrun1533

1533 T. More Let. Impugnynge J. Fryth sig. div Thys sely yonge man..myght yf he had not eyther of lyghtnesse ouer ronne hym selfe, or of symplenes ben deceyued..easely haue perceyued hym selfe, that [etc.].

1633 J. Sherley in W. Bradford Hist. Plymouth Plantation (1898) 368 By Mr. Allertons faire propositions and large promises, I have over rune my selfe.

1810 Naval Chron. 24 439 He over-ran himself, and fell into the area.

1883 Manch. Guardian 22 Oct. 5/6 Probably both men have a little overrun themselves, and may never be at their best again.

1959 M. Summerton Small Wilderness x. 139 Darling, I over-ran myself to meet that bit of terror, nearly frightened the life out of myself for no reason at all.

2002 Nation (Nexis) 5 Mar. If it happens, it's in the price, if not there's a bit of downside now–a few sectors have overrun themselves slightly.

10. intransitive. To extend beyond the usual or desired length, or beyond a prescribed limit; to exceed the length of time allotted by a schedule.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (intransitive)] > go beyond bounds

overflowOE

overpassa1500

overreacha1568

to leap bounds1597

overruna1600

deborda1653

excur1656

slop1859

to hit the high spots1891

society > communication > broadcasting > [verb (intransitive)] > exceed time

overrun1959

a1600 in T. G. Law Catholic Tractates (1901) 204 The thre dayes, quhilkis do ouerrine in 402 yeres being subduceit from the formair thre hundereth yeres, the æquinoxe sowld remane [etc.].

1865 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. II. 932/2 To extend beyond its due or desired length; as, a line or page overruns.

1959 Sunday Express 30 Aug. 17/3 Last time Borge overran by 15 minutes—and was kept on the air.

1974 Listener 14 Feb. 209/1 Arthur Henderson, leader of the Labour rump, lost his head halfway through, thinking he was going to over-run, and ended in a gabble.

1992 Which? Dec. 42/3 It won't guarantee you get all of the programme if it overruns or is delayed.

2012 M. Thomas in S. Anderson & M. Felici Emerging Technol. Risk Foreword p. vi The project overran and had to be installed with inadequate testing and some serious defects.

11.

a. transitive. To run or travel beyond (a certain point, esp. a point for which one was aiming); to exceed (a limit, measure, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > go beyond (bounds)

transcenda1340

exceedc1374

overwenda1375

overpassa1382

passc1390

to pass beyond ——1429

outreacha1568

overlash1581

pretergress1583

outrun1589

overslipa1592

surpass1592

to step over ——1599

outstep?1611

outstrip1612

overrun1612

outpass1635

pose1636

over-burst1856

overact1858

overstride1925

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > play baseball [verb (intransitive)] > action of runner

overrun1612

slide1891

pinch-run1919

reach1932

to tag up1942

1612 J. Cotta Short Discouerie Dangers Ignorant Practisers Physicke 132 Euer either ouerrunne or come short of that happie and safe issue.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 44 Ye will rather over-run the precept of God.

1755 G. G. Beekman Let. 17 Jan. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 245 Youl find I have Over Shipped you a small Matter £9.2.8 Occaisioned by two Accounts Over Running my Calculation for Which Please to Credit my account and youl Oblige.

1859 J. G. Whittier For Autumn Festival 27 The bounty overruns our due.

1867 Ball Players' Chron. 14 Nov. 4/3 He fell over Murtha, who was in his way, and overran his base.

1889 E. Dowson Let. 24 Mar. (1967) 54 This appears to be an extra special [letter]: it is overunning [sic] all limits.

1937 L. Lewis Radio Dict. in Printers' Ink Monthly May 42/1 Runovers, occasions when the [radio] program itself overruns its allotted time.

1973 Guardian 1 Sept. 3 When he whispered to her she had overrun the schedule.

1996 Sunday Tel. 4 Feb. 31/1 The welfare budget now overruns projections by £1 billion.

b. transitive. To spend more than (a budgeted amount).

ΚΠ

a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1883) II. 284 Having, in his first fower years after his marriage, much over ranne his purse.

1823 J. Neal Errata iii. 70 Perhaps I had already overrun my monthly allowance of three dollars, and thirty-three cents and one third.

1882 Cent. Mag. Apr. 954 A sum sufficient for all personal expenses may be given monthly. Let them..never in a year overrun the allowance, let them feel the consequences of their..mistakes.

1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles III. xlii. 39 My husband has gone abroad, and somehow I have overrun my allowance.

1989 Movie No. 33. 21/1 We modestly overran our budget.

c. transitive. Hunting. Of a hunting dog: to lose (a scent) by running past a point where the quarry changed direction. Also in figurative context.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > move beyond

passc1300

exceedc1374

passc1400

overshootc1450

outpassa1513

surpass1588

outstart1593

outrepass1645

overrun1703

ungang1768

outrange1871

1703 D. Defoe Reasons against War Misc. 183 Away they go with it, like Hounds on a full Cry, till they over-run it, and then they are at a Halt.

1756 J. Hawkesworth Amphitryon v. i. 55 I have observ'd, that you Women-Wits are commonly so quick upon the Scent, that you often over-run it.

1811 H. L. Stanhope Let. 28 July in I. Bruce Nun of Lebanon (1951) ii. ix. 116 As an old foxhunter I may be permitted to tell you that a good hound must not overrun the scent, it is the true way of their being thrown out.

1864 C. T. Turner Queen Elizabeth in Sonnets 38 Like a pack that overruns the scent, Far to the north their scurrying vessels went!

1888 Times 10 Oct. 5/5 They [sc. bloodhounds] are at fault..by overrunning the line.

1991 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 12 May The dogs that overran the scent have to come back to the check while Pretty Girl is speeding along in pursuit of the rabbit.

12. transitive. Printing. To carry over (a word or line of type) on to another line or page, in order to provide space for the addition of new text or to close a space left by text which has been removed; to cause to run over. Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > preparatory processes > composing > compose [verb (transitive)] > move to next line or page

overrun1683

to turn over1904

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 245 If there be a long word or more left out, he cannot expect to Get that in into that Line, wherefore he must now Over-run; that is, he must put so much of the fore-part of the Line into the Line above it, or so much of the hinder part of the Line into the next Line under it, as will make room for what is Left out.

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 245 If he Left out much, he must Over-run many Lines, either backwards or forwards, or both, till he come to a Break.

1896 T. L. De Vinne in Moxon's Mech. Exerc.: Printing (new ed.) II. 424 The practice of overrunning matter in the form.

1900 J. Southward Pract. Printing (ed. 5) I. 225 A very simple insertion may cause a whole page to be overrun, if the type is large.

1917 F. S. Henry Printing for School & Shop iii. 29 It is necessary to overrun a few lines in making corrections.

1940 Chamb. Techn. Dict. 605/1 Overrun, to carry words from the end of one line of type to the beginning of the next, and so on until the matter fits. Insertions or deletions frequently necessitate overrunning.

13. intransitive. Angling. Of a reel: to permit an excess of line to pass through during casting. Also transitive (reflexive).

ΚΠ

1872 S. W. Baker Nile Tributaries Abyssinia (new ed.) ix. 151 The reel overran itself, having no check-wheel.

1885 H. Cholmondeley-Pennell in H. Cholmondeley-Pennell et al. Fishing (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) I. 21 Another serious..defect of the Nottingham reel is its tendency to ‘overrun’ itself.

1901 F. G. Aflalo Sea & Coast Fishing ii. 83 I have already mentioned the ‘Bickerdyke’ guards; and so valuable are these in preventing trouble if the reel overruns, that I consider no sea-reel complete without them.

1987 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 28 Dec. c13/3 He concedes that the reel will overrun with extreme use.

1999 Record (Bergen County, New Jersey) 7 Mar. s19 I could not make the reel overrun, despite numerous attempts to do so.

III. To run (something) excessively.

14. transitive. To operate (a mechanism) beyond what is normal, necessary, or desirable; to cause (something) to work too frequently or at too high a rate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [verb (transitive)] > use excessively

overuse1607

overrun1899

1899 W. P. Maycock Electr. Wiring i. 48 If ordinary lamps..marked for 100 volts..be put on a circuit at, say, 105 volts, the light given will be increased by about 25 per cent., and the watts absorbed per candle-power diminished. This is called over-running lamps, and their life will..be short.

1926 T. T. Baker Wireless Pict. v. 68 When a lamp is over-run it..becomes highly incandescent instantaneously.

1938 G. H. Sewell Amateur Film-making iii. 35 The Photoflood is essentially a tungsten lamp of normal type which is ‘overrun’ by having a much higher pressure (voltage) of current passed through it than is normal for domestic burning.

1962 Which? Oct. 297/1 It is possible that many people over-run their [water-softening] units—that is, they are not aware of the moment when the water starts running hard, and go on using the hard water for a time.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	overrun
释义	overrunn. Brit. /ˈəʊvərʌn/, U.S. /ˈoʊvə(r)ˌrən/ Forms: early Middle English ouervrn, 1800s– overrun. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, run n.² Etymology: < over- prefix + run n.² Compare earlier overrun v. †1. Speed or exceptional ability in running. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > going swiftly on foot > [noun] > running > excess or superiority in overruna1250 overrunning1908 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 182 Asaeles swiftschipe þet strof wið heortes ouervrn [c1230 Corpus Cambr. of urn; a1300 Caius on urn]. 2. Printing. A transfer of words or lines of type on to another line or page in order to accommodate the addition or removal of material; a piece of text transferred in this way. Cf. overrun v. 12. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printed matter > arrangement or appearance of printed matter > [noun] > extension beyond allotted space overrun1898 run-over1900 turn-over1938 1898 J. Southward Mod. Printing I. xxxiv. 210 When there is a long over-run, the matter should be placed upon a small galley, which should be turned, so that the last line rests against its head. 1902 T. L. De Vinne Pract. Typogr.: Correct Composition (ed. 2) xvi. 309 Every paragraph containing an alteration that compels one or more overruns should be re-read. 1935 B. Perry And gladly Teach vii. 169 When the forms were made up, there was an over-run of three lines. 3. Business and Finance. a. Balance or surplus carried over. rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > account book > difference between sides > specific foot1433 fault1665 rest1670 balance (in hand)1771 account balance1789 carryover1873 carryforward1894 overrun1899 carryback1941 1899 Daily News 10 May 2/7 This is inclusive of over-run previous to 30th April. b. An excess of production; a surplus over the amount of stock that is required or can be sold. Also in plural: surplus items of stock. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [noun] > excess of production overproduction1822 overrun1905 1905 G. Pinchot Rep. Forester (U.S. Dept. Agriculture) 32 Accurate data will be obtained for all important National Forest timber trees regarding the overrun of mill cut in excess of log scale. 1958 T. Landau Encycl. Librarianship 230/2 Overrun, copies surplus to the number ordered. 1962 J. N. Winburne Dict. Agric. 539/2 Overrun,..the excess amount of lumber actually sawed from logs over the estimated volume or log scale, usually expressed as a percentage of log scale. 1970 Toronto Daily Star 24 Sept. 27/1 (advt.) Our huge purchase includes many carloads of the top lines of merchandise, plus close-outs, over-runs, sample bales. 1995 Sci. & Public Affairs Winter 33/2 Production over-runs will be minimized, making end-of-season sales much smaller. c. An excess of expenditure over that estimated or budgeted for; an instance of spending more than is estimated or budgeted for. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > [noun] > overspending > over budget overhang1953 overrun1956 1956 Wall St. Jrnl. 10 Oct. 12/3 Some of our government officials get carried away with the thought of spending $156 million plus the over-run beyond the estimate. 1960 Times 21 Nov. (Canada Suppl.) p. xiii/2 Among these were cases of capital overruns and operating returns poorer than expected. 1973 Nature 23 Mar. 224/3 If there are cost overruns on the first two missions, the third may be scrapped. 2000 M. Beaumont e 32 The unauthorised £16,000 may not be the only over-run on her business. 4. The action of extending beyond a desired or designated point; an instance or result of this; (Broadcasting) an instance of overrunning the allotted time in recording or broadcasting; (also) the excess footage so produced. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [noun] > passing beyond a point or limit trespass16.. transgression1623 overshooting1795 overrunning1867 overrun1902 overtravel1923 1902 W. D. Howells Let. 12 Oct. in Sel. Lett. (1983) V. 37 A tender retrospect..seems friendly to a treatment in heroic couplets,—with the overrun of the Prepopean poets. 1962 A. Nisbett Technique of Sound Studio vii. 118 Some people regard the need for editing as an admission of defeat, and use it only for dealing with overruns or particularly bad fluffs. 1977 M. Babson Murder, Murder, Little Star xiv. 106 The films couldn't be cut... They hadn't allowed for any overrun on the scenes. 1992 Do it Yourself (BNC) 11 Mechanical extractor ventilation capable of providing at least three air changes per hour and operating with 15-minute overrun after activation. 5. a. The proportional increase in weight that occurs when butterfat is made into butter. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [noun] > churning butter > overrun overrun1906 1906 H. Snyder Dairy Chem. vii. 71 During the process of butter making, the slight loss of fat in the skim milk and buttermilk is more than compensated for by the added water, casein, and salt in the butter. The additional butter made from a pound of butter fat is called the overrun. 1955 J. G. Davis Dict. Dairying (ed. 2) 143 Thus difference between the butter manufactured and the butterfat purchased is known as the overrun, which is usually expressed as a percentage of the butterfat purchased. b. The increase in volume due to aeration that occurs in the manufacture of ice cream, synthetic cream, etc.; (also) the process of aeration by which this increase is achieved. ΚΠ 1922 T. Mojonnier & H. C. Troy Techn. Control Dairy Products xv. 443 Insufficient overrun greatly increases the cost of the ice cream, and yields a product that is immediately detected by its heavy and soggy appearance. 1958 Sunday Times 22 June 23/6 Overrun is the aeration or amount any given mix [for ice-cream] will swell in volume when subjected to the freezing process. 1972 New York 15 May 4/1 (advt.) The best coffee ice cream in New York... Sixteen per cent butterfat, 50 per cent overrun; one pint weighs 12¾ ounces. 1993 Taste Aug. 20/2 Overrun (the process of pumping air into the ice cream) is necessary for a degree of lightness and texture. 6. An additional track, runway, road, etc., provided to accommodate vehicles which overrun their intended stopping point. ΚΠ 1912 L. P. Lewis Railway Signal Engin. xi. 317 This distance is termed the ‘Over-run’, as it allows a clear run in the event of a driver being unable to bring his train to stand at the home signal... If the section and the over-run are both clear, ‘B’ will acknowledge the ‘Is Line Clear?’ signal by repeating it. 1977 Times 16 Dec. 16/1 The Orbiter..will land at Cape Canaveral on a runway 15,000 feet long,..with a 1,000ft overrun at each end. 1988 Motor Boat & Yachting Oct. 127/2 Driver Robert Woods left the course at high speed, shot across the wide over-run, up the beach and into the crowded spectator area. 7. Angling. An instance of the passing of an excess of line through the reel. ΚΠ 1923 ‘Faddist’ Dry-fly Fishing for Coarse Fish 3 I had trouble from occasional overruns. 1987 Trout & Stream Mar. 84/3 To help smooth casting the reel has..a magnetic spool control, which helps to prevent overruns. 2002 Perth Sunday Times (Nexis) 22 Sept. Gavin Ireland..was alert enough to..grab the rod and prevent a massive line overrun. 8. The movement of a vehicle at a speed greater than that being imparted by the engine, or any other means of motive power. Chiefly in on the overrun: in a phase during which this occurs. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > movement of vehicles > [noun] > movement at greater speed than engine imparts overrun1928 1928 Observer 8 Jan. 21/4 The engine runs smoothly and quietly throughout most of its range. There is a certain drumming noise, rather difficult to define and trace, on the over-run, but it is comparatively trifling. 1962 Which? Car Suppl. Oct. 131/2 The washers..would only operate properly when the engine was on the overrun, i.e. when the foot was taken off the accelerator. 1987 Super Bike June 68/2 Bottom gear is actually high enough to use on the overrun into the chicane without locking the back wheel. 9. Computing. The loss of data as a result of transmission at a rate too fast for the processing capability of the receiving device; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1971 IBM Techn. Disclosure Bull. 14 801 (title) Cycle steal stacking and overrun detection circuitry. 1984 Byte May 371/3 The program must check for the occurrence of an overrun. Upon finding one, the assembly routine sets a flag. 1995 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf., Globecom 888 Without flow control, buffer overruns at the ATM switches feeding into bottlenecks can prevent the TCP from using more than a few percent of the potential bandwidth. Compounds Used attributively with reference to the tendency of a towed vehicle to run faster than a decelerating towing vehicle, esp. to designate a system of braking that corrects this tendency. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [adjective] > having no or spec. type of brake > specific type of brake unlockable1854 Westinghouse1870 overrun1959 1959 Motor Man. (ed. 36) xiii. 273 When the car brakes are applied, or the car slows down against a closed throttle, the caravan tends to overrun, thus causing the bar to move back against the spring, push back the operating lever and thus apply the caravan brakes. This is known as the ‘over-run’ method. 1967 Gloss. Caravan Terms (B.S.I.) 2 Overrun braking, a system of braking in which the caravan brakes are automatically operated by the momentum of the caravan when the towing vehicle is braked. Normally this is achieved by mounting the coupling head on a shaft moving on the drawbar and restrained by a compression spring or a damper. 1977 Good Motoring May 3/1 A trailer with over-run brakes can weigh more than the kerb weight of the car, providing a limit of 40 mph is observed. 1989 Mail on Sunday Camping & Caravanning 50/3 Braking on the caravan is normally carried out by an overrun system, in which the car brakes first and this in turn applies, almost simultaneously, the brakes on the caravan. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). overrunv. Brit. /ˌəʊvəˈrʌn/, U.S. /ˌoʊvə(r)ˈrən/ Inflections: Past tense overran; past participle overrun; Forms: see over- prefix and run v.; also 1700s overun (Scottish, past participle), 1800s– o'erun (English regional (Cheshire)). Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, run v. Etymology: < over- prefix + run v. Compare to run over at run v. Phrasal verbs 1. With sense 1b compare Middle High German überrinnen (German †überrinnen ), Old Swedish ivirrinna , Danish overrinde ; with sense 5a compare Middle Dutch overrinnen, Middle High German überrennen (German überrennen). I. To run over, across, through. 1. a. transitive. To run over or across (a region or surface); to cross by running; to pass over quickly. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] thoroughfareeOE overrunOE through-goOE through-gangOE passc1300 traverse?a1400 go1483 transcur1528 sweep1600 oversweep1612 supermeate1656 percur1835 overmeasure1896 OE Ælfric De Temporibus Anni (Cambr. Gg.3.28) iii. §6. 20 Se mona..næfð þære sunnan leoht ða hwile ðe he þære sceade ord oferyrnð. a1275 Body & Soul (Trin. Cambr. B.14.39) l. 75 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 130 Fir sal benen [read brenen]..þe world it sal ouer ornen [?a1300 Digby 86 ouer gon] and þuse brode londes. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 6730 He ouer-ernnes dounes & cuntre, Þe brod lond, and þe valays. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 862 (MED) In foure and twenty houres evene The carte with the bryhte Sonne Thei drawe, so that overronne Thei have under the cercles hihe Al Middelerthe. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 9/1 The prevet or searchinge iron..should not prætermit & ouerrunne a smalle dilaceratione, without perceavinge and staying therat. ?1614 W. Drummond Sonnet: In vaine I haunt in Poems In vaine (Loues pilgrim) Mountaines, Dailes and Plaines I ouer-runne. 1661 T. Ross tr. Silius Italicus Second Punick War iii. 70 When they overran the Champian Field, It was as vain a Task, to think to finde Their Foot-steps, as to trace the lighter Winde. a1845 T. Hood Wks. (1862–3) V. 199 So she gather'd the awful sense Of the street in its past unmacadamized tense, As the wild horse overran it. 1868 C. Lofft Ernest (ed. 2) v. 92 There lay the hovel in sight, and soon their speed Had overrun that space. 1975 H. Brodkey Esquire Aug. 91/2 We overrun the world, he and I, with his legs, with our eyes, with our alliance. b. transitive. Of a liquid: to flow across or over, to cover completely; to overflow (a bank, etc.). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (transitive)] overruneOE overflowOE surround1444 overfleeta1460 infounder1505 overfloat1601 inund1628 deluge1649 inound1657 flood1663 to set on float1692 overflood?1784 inundate1791 float1794 freshet1865 the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > overflow > [verb (transitive)] overruneOE overflow1548 overswell1597 eOE Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) iii. ii. 306 Do twæde þæs wines, & þriddan dæl þæs huniges do þæt se wæta mæge furþum ofer yrnan þa wyrta. c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 2151 (MED) Þe blod ouerran þe cuntraye Oueral in þe valaye. c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 6565 (MED) Tigris: Jn tyme of wynter it is drye; Jn somer it ouerrenneþ þe cuntreie. a1450 St. Katherine (Richardson 44) (1884) 24 (MED) The erthe was al ouer ronne wyth shepes blood. a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 8031 (MED) But if þe erthe moche hier be, Þe see shulde it sone ouere renne. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cii^* The blude of thair bodeis..As roise ragit on rise Our ran thair riche vedis. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) Induct. ii. 64 Til the teares that she hath shed for thee, Like enuious flouds ore-run her louely face. View more context for this quotation 1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 166 I felt a sugred strange delight, Passing all cordials made by any art, Bedew, embalme, and overrunne my heart. 1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. iii. 31 A general Flood of waters would necessarily over-run the face of the whole Earth. 1791 ‘T. Newte’ Prospects & Observ. Tour 160 The Spey occasionally overruns a tract of ground of about fifteen hundred acres. 1833 W. Ware Probus I. iv. 102 The Tiber in a few hours overran its banks, and laid much of the city on its borders under water. 1870 R. W. Emerson Civilization in Wks. (1881) III. 9 The diffusion of knowledge, overrunning all the old barriers of caste. 1914 W. S. Blunt Stealing of Mare in Poet. Wks. II. 154 Her heart became straitened, and her tears overran her cheeks. 1992 N.Y. Times 21 Jan. c10/1 A waterway that is known as ‘China's sorrow’ because of its propensity to overrun its banks. 2008 S. A. Dupree Red River Valley ix. 104 The new, north channel was formed in 1838 when the river overran the levee on its left bank during a storm. †2. transitive. To run through (a passage of text, etc.); to survey, discuss, or consider (a subject, etc.); (later) esp. to review or glance through quickly; to pass over lightly or superficially. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > reading > [verb] > to browse rapidly or omit passages overrunOE skip1526 to glance over1582 to look inside ——1591 to look into ——1624 to glance through1865 the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > expound, explain [verb (transitive)] arecchec885 unloukOE overrunOE sutelec1000 trahtnec1000 unfolda1050 belayc1175 openc1175 onopena1200 accountc1300 undo?a1366 remenea1382 interpret1382 unwrap1387 exploitc1390 enlumine1393 declarec1400 expoundc1400 unplait?c1400 enperc1420 planea1425 clearc1440 exponec1440 to lay outc1440 to give (also carry) lightc1449 unwind1482 expose1483 reducea1500 manifest1530 explicate1531 explaina1535 unlock?1536 dilucidate1538 elucidate1538 illustrate1538 rechec1540 explicate1543 illucidate1545 enucleate1548 unsnarl1555 commonstrate1563 to lay forth1577 straighten1577 unbroid1577 untwist1577 decipherc1586 illuminate1586 enlighten1587 resolvec1592 cipher1594 eliquidate1596 to take (a person) with one1599 rivelc1600 ravel1604 unbowel1606 unmist1611 extricate1614 unbolta1616 untanglea1616 enode1623 unperplexa1631 perspicuate1634 explata1637 unravel1637 esclarea1639 clarify1642 unweave1642 detenebrate1646 dismystery1652 undecipher1654 unfork1654 unparadox1654 reflect1655 enodate1656 unmysterya1661 liquidatea1670 recognize1676 to clear upa1691 to throw sidelight on1726 to throw (also cast, shed) light on (also upon)1731 eclaircise1754 irradiate1864 unbraid1880 predigest1905 to get (something) straight1920 disambiguate1960 demystify1963 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) vii. 232 Nu wille we eft oferyrnan þa ylcan godspellican endebyrdnysse. OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xiii. 287 We wyllað scortlice oferyrnan þa digelystan word. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 268 (MED) Cursur o werld man aght it call, For almast it ouer-rennes [a1400 Fairf. ouerrynnys; a1400 Gött. ouer-rines; a1400 Trin. Cambr. reherseþ] all. c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 194 (MED) Þe meenal moral vertues..mowe be þe bettir knowen and þe esilier ouerrunne in þe siȝt of resoun..if þo..vertues be soortid bi hem silf. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 48 To put me also in rememberance of such fautys..wych you schal peraventure see me over run & by neclygence let pas. 1577 T. Vautrollier tr. M. Luther Comm. Epist. to Galathians (new ed.) f. 255 Of this commaundement I haue largely entreated in an other place, and therefore I will now but lightly ouerrunne it. 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 150 Having first over-run in our thoughts that our senses are all entire, and that we behold this waking, not in a dream. 3. a. transitive. To crush or destroy by running over the top of; to run down, run over, trample underfoot. Of a wave, flood, etc.: to overwhelm, drown. Also (occasionally) intransitive. Also in figurative context. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > press or squeeze [verb (transitive)] > crush > trample down treadc825 oftreadeOE fortreadc1000 overrunOE treadc1000 fulla1400 trample1530 trachlec1550 betrample1567 hobnail1875 to plough down1877 steamroll1900 steamroller1913 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xii. 113 Moyses ða astrehte his hand ongean ðære sæ, and heo oferarn Pharao. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 124 (MED) So com a tempest wilde, his schip had alle ouer ronnen. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. viii. sig. H3 Despisd and troden downe of all that ouerran . View more context for this quotation a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 58 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Pasture, that now is all trampled and over-runne. a1616 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida (1623) iii. iii. 157 Like a gallant Horse falne in first ranke, Lye there for pauement..neere Ore-run and trampled on. 1667 London Gaz. No. 197/1 Yesterday a Hoy laden with Bay-salt..was unfortunately over-ran by another ship, and lost. 1709 T. Sprat Plague of Athens 7 Plague..cannot be avoided or withstood, But drowns and over-runs with unexpected Flood. 1769 Weekly Mag. (Edinb.) 25 May 254 A young child was overun by a horse and cart, and killed on the spot. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 982 The rolley horses have a peculiar kind of shafts..the purpose of which is to prevent the carriage from overrunning them. 1890 War of Rebellion (U.S. War Dept.) XLII. 86 Brigadier-General Turchin,..though severely bruised by being overrun by a horse, remained until Sunday afternoon, and Behaved gallantly. 1994 Action Asia Aug. 94/2 One logging camp was recently overrun by a herd of rampaging elephants. b. transitive. figurative. To overpower, overcome, defeat comprehensively.Now also with suggestion of sense 5c. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm overcomeeOE overgangOE overnimOE overswivec1175 foldc1275 overgoc1275 to bear downc1330 oversetc1330 outrayc1390 overleada1393 overreach?a1425 overwhelmc1425 to whelve overc1440 overruna1475 surprise1474 overpress1489 surbatea1500 overhale1531 overbear1535 overcrow1550 disable1582 surgain1586 overpower1597 overman1609 to come over ——1637 to run down1655 overpower1667 compel1697 to get over ——1784 overget1877 to grab (also take) by the balls1934 eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) v. ix. 410 Mid þy..ic mine limo on beddstowe strehte & me liht slep oferorn [OE Corpus Cambr. ofernam], þa æteaude me min giu magister. Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 62 Thei myghten lightli ouirrenne vs cristene, as bi mannis power. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 1206 (MED) Thyne enmy..has thy renkes ouerronne and refte them theire childyre. a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 115 Ellis all his enymes myght ouerrenne hym. a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 46 (MED) Euery man shall ouirerenne you and dispreyse you as for the most shamefull people of the worlde. 1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland i. xliv. 28/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II That hauing his aid he might ouer-run his owne father, and shorten his old yeares. c1654 E. Waller Panegyric to Ld. Protector xlv Tell of towns stormed, of armies overrun. 1667 S. Pepys Diary 31 Oct. (1974) VIII. 513 It troubles me that we must come to contend with these great persons, which will overrun us. 1919 Outing Mar. 313/1 They fell out with the English long before the war was over, were attacked by them and overrun. 2000 Rugby World June 134/3 In this year's competition Colston's had an exemption until round three, when they overran Exeter College 106–0. †4. intransitive. Of a period of time, life, etc.: to run out, to come to an end. Obsolete.The perfect tense is formed with to be. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > be at an end [verb (intransitive)] > come to an end, terminate, or expire to run outeOE endOE stintc1275 slakea1300 overpassc1350 determinec1374 overruna1393 dispend1393 failc1399 missa1400 to wear out, forth1412 stanchc1420 to come outa1450 terminea1450 expire?c1450 finish1490 conclude1593 upclose1603 terminate1608 to shut up1609 to wind off1650 stop1733 to fall in1771 close1821 to blaze out1884 outgive1893 to play out1964 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 1059 (MED) And this Lazar nou ate laste, The worldes peine is overronne, In hevene and hath his lif begonne Of joie, which is endeles. 1398–9 in C. Innes Liber Sancte Marie de Melros (1837) 490 Ovre runnen and ganeby sex wowkis daye eftir the lymite terme. R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 36 (MED) Half a ȝere, thre monethis, & sum wekys ar our-ryn [L. effluxerunt]. c1480 (a1400) St. Mary of Egypt 1136 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 329 Quhen be-gonnyn was þe fastine, þe ȝere our-(r)unnyne, & cummyne was þe fyrst sonday. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. ai Whan the .vii. yeres were ouerronne & past. 5. a. transitive. To ride or move over (a region or country) with an armed force; to ravage, conquer, destroy; to sack, pillage (a city, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > invasion > invade [verb (transitive)] > overrun or harry begoa855 harryc893 war1297 overridea1375 yerna1400 overrun?a1425 overharry1600 harrow1606 harassa1618 sweep1788 jay-hawk1866 ?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron.* (1940) 24392 (MED) And euer þai spi and haf in wille On þam to rase, ouer rin with ille. c1440 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Thornton) 280 Ȝete salle þe riche Romaynes with ȝow bene ouer-ronnene [a1500 Douce aure-ronene]. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 150 [They] may for occasioun of the weris..ourryn the landis..and tak the pure labouraris prisounaris. a1500 Rev. Methodius in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1918) 33 779 (MED) All þe worde þey xall ouer-runne..þey xall devowre men & women with schylde ete. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Cv^v Cityes..haue bene ouerrunned. a1596 G. Peele Praise of Chastity in Wks. (1829–39) 248 More honour there is won With chaste rebukes to temper thy desire, Than glory gain'd the world to overrun. 1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iii. §95. 363 The Northerne parts were overrun and harried by the Scots. a1672 A. Bradstreet Four Monarchyes in Poems in Wks. (1867) 111 A league of amity..Which had they kept, Greece had more nobly done Then when the world they after overrun. 1714 E. Ward Hudibras Redivivus (ed. 3) II. i. i. 23 Who, but Papist, Jew, or Turk, Would not..lend the Saints a helping Hand To over-run the promis'd Land? 1756 F. Brooke Old Maid No. 31. 182 It must be confessed..for fame he [sc. Alexander] over run whole nations unprovoked. 1798 J. Baillie Siege ii. i. 193 The enemy, it is feared, may penetrate to these parts, and overrun the country. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands III. iii. v. 52 The invaders, pouring from the highlands, over-ran Lombardy. 1890 A. Rimmer Summer Rambles Manch. p. v He would have thought that his country had been overrun by foreign foes and destituted. 1939 War Illustr. 9 Dec. 393/1 Moravia and Bohemia had been overrun by the Nazi armies. 1992 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 9 Feb. 3/2 The village..perched on the toe of the Italian boot..has been overrun, occupied, sacked and exploited by foreign conquerors. b. transitive. Of plants and animals: to spread over rapidly, cover; to populate densely or (esp.) uncontrollably; to run wild over. Of pests, weeds, etc.: to swarm over, infest. Chiefly in passive. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > extend over > extend over so as to cover overgroweOE wryc1275 overtakec1425 overreachc1440 overrun?1440 spread?1567 overcreep1640 cover1874 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ix. 24 (MED) Pasturis ek in this mone is to brenne That busshus, ther they growith ouerhie And bisie beth the lond to ouerrenne, This brennyng may their stook & hem destrie. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. b Briars and Thorns my Grave shall over-run. 1691 J. Dunton Voy. round World 386 Buckingham-shire..hath its name from the plenty of Beech-trees, which the Saxons call Bucken, with which the Country was formerly so overrun, that it was altogether impassible. 1735 J. Hildebrand Brutus the Trojan iv. 72 (note) A little Island, now Formentara, overrun with Snakes. 1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. i. 33 The road..was sometimes over-run by luxuriant vegetation. 1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. i. 22 I saw the mouldering ruin of an abbey overrun with ivy. 1849 H. Melville Redburn xlviii. 307 Some days before, the forecastle had been smoked out, to extirpate the vermin overrunning her. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Dec. 14/1 To sleep in a small cell overrun with mice. 1902 J. Payne Poet. Wks. I. 94 The place was overrun with flowerage. 1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. xxii. 453 Prickly pear..spread rapidly and overran large areas of the country. 1994 Evening Sun (Baltimore) 28 Nov. b1/2 The cemetery no longer is overrun by brambles and littered with toppled tombstones. c. transitive. In extended use: to spread through so as to prevail over or dominate, esp. in a harmful or injurious manner; to overwhelm or take possession of; to inundate in large numbers. Frequently in passive. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > affect with disease [verb (transitive)] > overrun overruna1538 the world > space > extension in space > spreading or diffusion > [verb (transitive)] > spread over or through (something) > in injurious manner overgoOE fleetc1400 overruna1538 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to > affect detrimentally > affect injuriously with overgoOE overruna1538 smear1549 blast1605 a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 109 So many affectys & vycyouse desyrys..that except man wyth cure dylygence & labur resyst to the same, they over run reson. a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Aiii^v The chilling cold did ouerrunne their bones. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 45 Vice alwaies watcheth to ouer-run vs so soone as we let our selues loose vnto idlenes. a1620 N. Field Honest Mans Fortune (1647) vi. i. 164 Suffer himselfe to be over-run with a Lethargy of melancholy and discontent! 1679 T. Shadwell True Widow ii. 25 Of late I have had no leisure to make a Song, I am so overrun with new Acquaintances. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 405 The Latin Names of Offices, and Terms of Law, &c. over-run the old Greek Language. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 128. ¶10 The Wife is over-run with Affectation. 1760 E. Burke Ess. Abridgm. Eng. Hist. 42 The provinces [of Rome] were over-run by publicans,..confiscators, usurers, bankers. 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. vi. 139 I have..been over-run with cards of invitation without number. a1871 T. W. Robertson Dreams i. 7 It [sc. England] is a country overrun with money but with very little melody. 1890 Universal Rev. Sept. 78 The daily newspapers..are overrun with social paragraphism. 1914 G. B. Shaw Parents & Children in Misalliance p. li We are overrun with Popes. 1991 TV Extra (Brisbane) 10 Mar. 26/2 While Megaville is free and wealthy, it is overrun with corruption, blackmail, greed and people fleeing Hemisphere. 6. intransitive. Of a liquid or its containing vessel: to brim over, overflow. Also figurative: to overabound (with).In quot. a1450: to drain away. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > overflow > [verb (intransitive)] > of a vessel overfloweOE runc1225 overruna1450 to run over1530 shed1601 overbrim1607 to set over1608 to well over1843 the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > excessive amount or degree > be excessive [verb (intransitive)] > superabound > overflow overfloweOE overruna1450 to flow above the banks1495 to flow over1526 superabound1582 overswell1597 to flow past shore?1615 restagnate1653 to well over1843 to brim over1858 a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 36 (MED) Þan hang þe croddys..in a fayre cloþe, and lat it ouer-renne. 1707 E. J. Smith Phædra & Hippolitus ii. 21 Tho' you have left me for the Royal Phaedra, Yet still my Soul o'er runs with Fondness t'wards thee. 1845 J. H. Ingraham Grace Weldon vi. 29 Grace is a charming girl—lovely in mind as in person, and her heart overruns with good and noble feelings. 1853 D. Wilson Hymns of Praise 206 Mine eyes o'errun with tears. 1877 Scribner's Monthly Apr. 874/1 The whole story overruns with good-nature and good cheer. 1879 J. Beatty Citizen-soldier 274 He is as jovial as the most successful man in the world, and overruns with small jokes and stories. 1922 C. E. Russell Outlook for Philippines 336 Manchuria..abounds and overruns with such a wealth of natural resources. 1989 Y. Rainier et al. Films Yvonne Rainier 88 Her mind overruns with the faces of people gone from her life. 2010 J. Colt Hellraiser of Hollywood Hills xliii. 401 Her big, blue eyes overran with tears the minute she saw Andie Sue. †7. transitive. To overlap, lie over or on top of. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > extend over ridec1475 overrun1850 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 147 The butts may overrun each other, in order to make a good shift. 1873 E. Leigh Sci. Med. Cotton Spinning I. 144 For heavy carding a fancy roller, which is a roller that overruns the periphery of the cylinder, is sometimes used. II. To surpass in running, run beyond, etc. 8. a. transitive. To run faster than, outrun; to overtake or leave behind through speed of movement; (occasionally) to overcome by running fast. Also (of a mechanical part): to rotate faster than. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (transitive)] > go along a way or road > quickly overruna1425 snick1883 shred1977 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > operate parts [verb (transitive)] > of part: rotate faster than overruna1425 the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (transitive)] > gain (ground) upon > catch up or overtake > outstrip > by running of-runOE overruna1425 outrunc1460 fore-run1513 to have (also get) the heels of1649 to have the legs of (also on)1861 to give a stone and a beating to1885 the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] overstyeOE overshinec1175 overgoc1225 passc1225 surmountc1369 forpassc1374 overmatcha1375 overpassa1382 to pass overa1393 overcomec1400 outpass?a1425 exceedc1425 precedec1425 superexcelc1429 transcendc1430 precel?a1439 outcut1447 overgrowc1475 to come over ——a1479 excel1493 overleapa1500 vanquish1533 outweigh1534 prevent1540 better1548 preferc1550 outgo1553 surpassa1555 exsuperate1559 cote1566 overtop1567 outrun1575 outstrip1579 outsail1580 overruna1586 pre-excel1587 outbid1589 outbrave1589 out-cote1589 top1590 outmatch1593 outvie1594 superate1595 surbravec1600 oversile1608 over-height1611 overstride1614 outdoa1616 outlustrea1616 outpeera1616 outstrikea1616 outrival1622 antecede1624 out-top1624 antecell1625 out-pitch1627 over-merit1629 outblazea1634 surmatch1636 overdoa1640 overact1643 outact1644 worst1646 overspana1657 outsoar1674 outdazzle1691 to cut down1713 ding1724 to cut out1738 cap1821 by-pass1848 overtower1850 pretergress1851 outray1876 outreach1879 cut1884 outperform1937 outrate1955 one-up1963 a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 27 (MED) Þe naked man komynly ouer renneþ þe cloþed. c1440 (?a1400) Sir Perceval (1930) 342 (MED) The moste mere he þare see Smertly ouerrynnes he. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 122 Eche man ranne with the maiden..and the maiden over-ranne hem all. c1510 Gesta Romanorum, Addit. Stories (1879) 429 No man sholde haue her to wyfe, but suche as myght ouer renne her, and take her by strength of foot. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. vii. sig. S2^v Pyrocles..seemed so to ouerrun his age in growth, strength [etc.]. 1653 R. Baxter Right Method Settled Peace 25 Suffering their zeal to over-run their Christian wisdom and meekness. 1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 85 Christian was somwhat moved, and puting to all his strength, he quickly got up with Faithful, and did also over-run him. View more context for this quotation a1693 Disc. Tenures in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) I. 79 The sun overrunneth the moon in light. 1729 J. Gay Let. 9 Nov. (1966) 86 There is one thing which you have often put me in mind of, the over-running you with an answer before you had spoken. 1749 D. Garrick Let. 22 Aug. (1963) I. 118 I must once again beg pardon for being so Slovenly in my writing; my Mind over runs My hand. 1770 H. Brooke Fool of Quality V. 143 Polly Truck, had followed her beloved Patron with all imaginable Zeal and Speed, and had overrun all the Lads by near a Furlong. 1857 Ld. Dufferin Lett. from High Latitudes (ed. 3) 150 It would seem..a pity to neglect such an opportunity of overrunning the time that has been lost. 1889 P. N. Hasluck Model Engineer's Handybk. 70 Another advantage of high speed is, that it often enables the engine to over-run this resistance. 1959 Motor Man. (ed. 36) xiii. 274 As the caravan over-runs the car, the shaft moves backwards against the spring and operates the brake-actuating lever. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) IX. 455/2 The second function [of an overdrive] is to permit the output shaft to overrun the transmission shaft. 1995 Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) 4 June v. 5/4 Mainwaring reached third when his liner was overrun by center fielder Lenny Dykstra. b. transitive. To escape from by running faster than; to run away from. Also figurative: to shirk or abandon (a duty, etc.), to leave undone or unfinished. Now English regional. †to overrun the constable (also one's creditors, etc.) (slang): to run into debt (obsolete). Cf. constable n. 6. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away from [verb (transitive)] > run away from of-runOE to show (a person) a (clean or fair) pair of heels (also one's heels)1370 to show (a person) the (or one's) backc1450 overrun1583 run1606 shuna1616 bail1775 the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > not do [verb (transitive)] > leave undone or fail to carry out letc900 overheaveOE forsakec1175 missa1350 leavea1375 fail1393 forgeta1400 omit?c1422 pretermit1475 neglect1533 to dispense with1559 permit1567 overrun1583 slip1592 default1649 to miss of ——1658 to fail of1723 the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > by running overrun1583 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. N4^v These fugitiues that ouerrun their flocks in time of infection. 1602 F. Herring in tr. J. Oberndorf Anatomyes True Physition Ep. Ded. sig. A 3 Euery Bankerupt who hath ouerrunne his Creditors. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews v. i, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 134 Impossible it is to overrun his power, and the punishment he will bring on men thereby. 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxiii. 211 ‘Harkee, my girl, how far have you over-run the constable?’—I told him that the debt amounted to eleven pounds. 1805 G. Colman Who wants Guinea? ii. ii. 25 You see, when you have completely over-run the constable, you must try to out-run the bailiff. 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. iv. 70 I shall overrun these doings before long. a1876 E. Leigh Gloss. Words Dial. Cheshire (1877) 148 Overrun,..A wife complaining of her husband, said, ‘If he dunna tak care, au'll o'erun him.’ 1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. 307 O'er-run,..I'v' bin despert onlucky ooth my pou'try this 'ear; theer's three 'ens o'er-run thar nists after the eggs wun chipped. 1885 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) 245 He's o'er-run his work. 9. transitive (reflexive). To run beyond one's capacity or strength; to run too far or too fast, with injurious results; to wear oneself out. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (reflexive)] > in specific ways overrun1533 overthink1628 overmusea1652 over-dance1653 overtravel1654 forfight1661 overwalk1662 over-read1668 overwrite1752 overpreach1865 outwrite1883 overshoot1883 to run out1892 the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > going swiftly on foot > move swiftly on foot [verb (reflexive)] > exhaust by running overrun1533 1533 T. More Let. Impugnynge J. Fryth sig. div Thys sely yonge man..myght yf he had not eyther of lyghtnesse ouer ronne hym selfe, or of symplenes ben deceyued..easely haue perceyued hym selfe, that [etc.]. 1633 J. Sherley in W. Bradford Hist. Plymouth Plantation (1898) 368 By Mr. Allertons faire propositions and large promises, I have over rune my selfe. 1810 Naval Chron. 24 439 He over-ran himself, and fell into the area. 1883 Manch. Guardian 22 Oct. 5/6 Probably both men have a little overrun themselves, and may never be at their best again. 1959 M. Summerton Small Wilderness x. 139 Darling, I over-ran myself to meet that bit of terror, nearly frightened the life out of myself for no reason at all. 2002 Nation (Nexis) 5 Mar. If it happens, it's in the price, if not there's a bit of downside now–a few sectors have overrun themselves slightly. 10. intransitive. To extend beyond the usual or desired length, or beyond a prescribed limit; to exceed the length of time allotted by a schedule. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (intransitive)] > go beyond bounds overflowOE overpassa1500 overreacha1568 to leap bounds1597 overruna1600 deborda1653 excur1656 slop1859 to hit the high spots1891 society > communication > broadcasting > [verb (intransitive)] > exceed time overrun1959 a1600 in T. G. Law Catholic Tractates (1901) 204 The thre dayes, quhilkis do ouerrine in 402 yeres being subduceit from the formair thre hundereth yeres, the æquinoxe sowld remane [etc.]. 1865 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. II. 932/2 To extend beyond its due or desired length; as, a line or page overruns. 1959 Sunday Express 30 Aug. 17/3 Last time Borge overran by 15 minutes—and was kept on the air. 1974 Listener 14 Feb. 209/1 Arthur Henderson, leader of the Labour rump, lost his head halfway through, thinking he was going to over-run, and ended in a gabble. 1992 Which? Dec. 42/3 It won't guarantee you get all of the programme if it overruns or is delayed. 2012 M. Thomas in S. Anderson & M. Felici Emerging Technol. Risk Foreword p. vi The project overran and had to be installed with inadequate testing and some serious defects. 11. a. transitive. To run or travel beyond (a certain point, esp. a point for which one was aiming); to exceed (a limit, measure, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > go beyond (bounds) transcenda1340 exceedc1374 overwenda1375 overpassa1382 passc1390 to pass beyond ——1429 outreacha1568 overlash1581 pretergress1583 outrun1589 overslipa1592 surpass1592 to step over ——1599 outstep?1611 outstrip1612 overrun1612 outpass1635 pose1636 over-burst1856 overact1858 overstride1925 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > play baseball [verb (intransitive)] > action of runner overrun1612 slide1891 pinch-run1919 reach1932 to tag up1942 1612 J. Cotta Short Discouerie Dangers Ignorant Practisers Physicke 132 Euer either ouerrunne or come short of that happie and safe issue. 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 44 Ye will rather over-run the precept of God. 1755 G. G. Beekman Let. 17 Jan. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 245 Youl find I have Over Shipped you a small Matter £9.2.8 Occaisioned by two Accounts Over Running my Calculation for Which Please to Credit my account and youl Oblige. 1859 J. G. Whittier For Autumn Festival 27 The bounty overruns our due. 1867 Ball Players' Chron. 14 Nov. 4/3 He fell over Murtha, who was in his way, and overran his base. 1889 E. Dowson Let. 24 Mar. (1967) 54 This appears to be an extra special [letter]: it is overunning [sic] all limits. 1937 L. Lewis Radio Dict. in Printers' Ink Monthly May 42/1 Runovers, occasions when the [radio] program itself overruns its allotted time. 1973 Guardian 1 Sept. 3 When he whispered to her she had overrun the schedule. 1996 Sunday Tel. 4 Feb. 31/1 The welfare budget now overruns projections by £1 billion. b. transitive. To spend more than (a budgeted amount). ΚΠ a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1883) II. 284 Having, in his first fower years after his marriage, much over ranne his purse. 1823 J. Neal Errata iii. 70 Perhaps I had already overrun my monthly allowance of three dollars, and thirty-three cents and one third. 1882 Cent. Mag. Apr. 954 A sum sufficient for all personal expenses may be given monthly. Let them..never in a year overrun the allowance, let them feel the consequences of their..mistakes. 1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles III. xlii. 39 My husband has gone abroad, and somehow I have overrun my allowance. 1989 Movie No. 33. 21/1 We modestly overran our budget. c. transitive. Hunting. Of a hunting dog: to lose (a scent) by running past a point where the quarry changed direction. Also in figurative context. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (transitive)] > move beyond passc1300 exceedc1374 passc1400 overshootc1450 outpassa1513 surpass1588 outstart1593 outrepass1645 overrun1703 ungang1768 outrange1871 1703 D. Defoe Reasons against War Misc. 183 Away they go with it, like Hounds on a full Cry, till they over-run it, and then they are at a Halt. 1756 J. Hawkesworth Amphitryon v. i. 55 I have observ'd, that you Women-Wits are commonly so quick upon the Scent, that you often over-run it. 1811 H. L. Stanhope Let. 28 July in I. Bruce Nun of Lebanon (1951) ii. ix. 116 As an old foxhunter I may be permitted to tell you that a good hound must not overrun the scent, it is the true way of their being thrown out. 1864 C. T. Turner Queen Elizabeth in Sonnets 38 Like a pack that overruns the scent, Far to the north their scurrying vessels went! 1888 Times 10 Oct. 5/5 They [sc. bloodhounds] are at fault..by overrunning the line. 1991 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 12 May The dogs that overran the scent have to come back to the check while Pretty Girl is speeding along in pursuit of the rabbit. 12. transitive. Printing. To carry over (a word or line of type) on to another line or page, in order to provide space for the addition of new text or to close a space left by text which has been removed; to cause to run over. Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > preparatory processes > composing > compose [verb (transitive)] > move to next line or page overrun1683 to turn over1904 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 245 If there be a long word or more left out, he cannot expect to Get that in into that Line, wherefore he must now Over-run; that is, he must put so much of the fore-part of the Line into the Line above it, or so much of the hinder part of the Line into the next Line under it, as will make room for what is Left out. 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 245 If he Left out much, he must Over-run many Lines, either backwards or forwards, or both, till he come to a Break. 1896 T. L. De Vinne in Moxon's Mech. Exerc.: Printing (new ed.) II. 424 The practice of overrunning matter in the form. 1900 J. Southward Pract. Printing (ed. 5) I. 225 A very simple insertion may cause a whole page to be overrun, if the type is large. 1917 F. S. Henry Printing for School & Shop iii. 29 It is necessary to overrun a few lines in making corrections. 1940 Chamb. Techn. Dict. 605/1 Overrun, to carry words from the end of one line of type to the beginning of the next, and so on until the matter fits. Insertions or deletions frequently necessitate overrunning. 13. intransitive. Angling. Of a reel: to permit an excess of line to pass through during casting. Also transitive (reflexive). ΚΠ 1872 S. W. Baker Nile Tributaries Abyssinia (new ed.) ix. 151 The reel overran itself, having no check-wheel. 1885 H. Cholmondeley-Pennell in H. Cholmondeley-Pennell et al. Fishing (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) I. 21 Another serious..defect of the Nottingham reel is its tendency to ‘overrun’ itself. 1901 F. G. Aflalo Sea & Coast Fishing ii. 83 I have already mentioned the ‘Bickerdyke’ guards; and so valuable are these in preventing trouble if the reel overruns, that I consider no sea-reel complete without them. 1987 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 28 Dec. c13/3 He concedes that the reel will overrun with extreme use. 1999 Record (Bergen County, New Jersey) 7 Mar. s19 I could not make the reel overrun, despite numerous attempts to do so. III. To run (something) excessively. 14. transitive. To operate (a mechanism) beyond what is normal, necessary, or desirable; to cause (something) to work too frequently or at too high a rate. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > misuse > [verb (transitive)] > use excessively overuse1607 overrun1899 1899 W. P. Maycock Electr. Wiring i. 48 If ordinary lamps..marked for 100 volts..be put on a circuit at, say, 105 volts, the light given will be increased by about 25 per cent., and the watts absorbed per candle-power diminished. This is called over-running lamps, and their life will..be short. 1926 T. T. Baker Wireless Pict. v. 68 When a lamp is over-run it..becomes highly incandescent instantaneously. 1938 G. H. Sewell Amateur Film-making iii. 35 The Photoflood is essentially a tungsten lamp of normal type which is ‘overrun’ by having a much higher pressure (voltage) of current passed through it than is normal for domestic burning. 1962 Which? Oct. 297/1 It is possible that many people over-run their [water-softening] units—that is, they are not aware of the moment when the water starts running hard, and go on using the hard water for a time. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1250v.eOE
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