overstrainn.

Brit.

/ˈəʊvəstreɪn/,

/ˌəʊvəˈstreɪn/, U.S.

/ˈˌoʊvərˈˌstreɪn/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: overstrain v.

Etymology: < overstrain v. Compare earlier overstraining n.

1. An act of overstraining; the fact of being overstrained; excessive strain; stress or tiredness caused by overexertion.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > extreme or excessive

stressing1540

overreach1556

stress1570

straining1585

wrest1593

overstraining1623

strain1693

overstrain1694

overexertion1795

overtaxation1881

1694 T. D'Urfey Comical Hist. Don Quixote: Pt. 1 ii. ii. 22 Crack'd some Life Artery with an overstrain, And dy'd of some Male Mischief in the Brain.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison VI. xxiii. 131 It was such an overstrain of generosity from him, that it might well over-set him.

1822 H. Luttrell Lett. to Julia iv. 194 The softer sex..scorning gentle influence, strive To govern by prerogative, Till, weakened by an overstrain, Snap goes the matrimonial chain.

1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters i. 5 Such was his state of exhaustion, in consequence of the previous overstrain on every nerve and muscle.

1878 M. L. Holbrook Hygiene Brain 101 How is the merchant to avoid mental overstrain?

1902 W. C. Smith Olrig Grange vi, in Poet. Wks. 78 And therein he had lived, and therein found A joy and fulness of life, till something cracked With the overstrain of so unresting toil.

1991 C. Mansall Discover Astrol. vi. 133/1 It is certainly wise to encourage a life-style in which adequate rest and a healthy regime help to eliminate stress or overstrain.

2. Materials Science. The action of straining a material, esp. a metal, beyond its yield point; the condition of a material which has been strained beyond its yield point.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > stress or force exerted and tending to deform > [noun] > excessive stress or strain

overstress1868

overstrain1895

1895 Proc. Royal Soc. 68 136 In every case, overstrain has produced a like fatigue of elasticity, and elastic recovery has followed during an interval of some days or weeks of rest.

1900 J. Muir in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 193 (heading) On the Recovery of Iron from Overstrain.

1931 H. J. Tapsell Creep of Metals iii. 32 The raising of the yield point at air temperature of mild steel was even more marked if the stress producing the overstrain were continued for a time.

1981 Fatigue of Engin. Materials & Structures 4 321 Stress intensity factors are determined for internally and externally cracked, pressurized thick cylinders with partial autofrettage (less than 100% overstrain).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

overstrainv.

Brit.

/ˌəʊvəˈstreɪn/, U.S.

/ˌoʊvərˈstreɪn/

Forms: see over- prefix and strain v.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, strain v.¹

Etymology: < over- prefix + strain v.¹

a. transitive. To strain (a muscle, nerve, etc.; also a faculty) too much, or more than it can bear; to subject (a person) to excessive strain or exhaustion; (Materials Science) to strain (a material) beyond its yield point (cf. overstrain n. 2). Also transitive (reflexive).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [verb (transitive)] > put the limbs or faculties to abnormal exertion > excessively

overtravaila1382

overstrain1578

exceed1596

overtask1628

excel1667

overtax1692

1578 G. Best True Disc. Passage to Cathaya ii. 33 Some with ouer-straining themselues receiued hurtes not a little daungerous.

1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall 2 Neuer will I ouerstraine my strength.

1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. O2^v I haue riuen my throat with ouerstraining it to curse thee.

1607 E. Sharpham Cupids Whirligig iii. i He preach'd in two of his benefices in one day, & sure t'was the death of him, he neuer ioyed himselfe after hee so ouerstrained his voice.

1640 Bp. J. Hall Christian Moderation ii. 13 Hee, so ore-strayned his Lungs, in calling upon his troupes, that hee presently dyed.

1675 Mistaken Husband i. 18 My Daughter being a tender gristle, I was Loath he should overstrain her.

1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. vi. 70 At last..[they] over-strain their sinews..and are cripples ever after.

1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 248 He was proceeding then amazingly to push it to a third triumph..if a tenderness natural to true love, had not inspir'd me with self-denial enough to spare, and not overstrain him.

a1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan Ded. in Wks. (1833) XV. 102 And then you overstrain yourself, or so.

1873 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life (1875) i. vii. 40 You must not sacrifice your eyesight by overstraining it.

1899 J. A. Ewing Strength of Materials iii. 40 This operation was carried far enough to overstrain the piece a second time, and curve D then shows that a very imperfectly elastic condition has reappeared.

1931 H. J. Tapsell Creep of Metals iii. 33 The effect of a period of rest on iron and steel overstrained at air temperature is to produce a recovery of elasticity and an increase in hardness.

1959 Dict. National Biogr. 1941–50 at Tyrrell, William George A nervous, sensitive, and affectionate nature already overstrained by years of intensely exacting work.

2002 New Straits Times (Malaysia) 6 Aug. 15 All because she had overstrained herself when carrying a pail of water 40 years ago.

b. transitive. figurative. To put excessive demands on; to test or stretch too far. Also intransitive: to make too much effort in doing something.

ΚΠ

1596 A. Copley Fig for Fortune 23 Our ambition may swage our miserie, Or both at once, may cracke as ouerstrained.

1631 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. (ed. 2) (2nd state) §cxxxvi His Justice wil not let his mercy be over-strained.

a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 218 Distinctions,..By b'ing too nicely overstrain'd and vext, Have made the Comment harder than the Text.

1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. 71 To endeavour not to Please, is Ill-nature; altogether to Neglect it, Folly; and to Over-strain for it, Vanity and Design.

a1742 J. Oldmixon in R. Southey Common-place Bk. (1851) 4th Ser. 261/1 Writers of comedy are very apt to overdo and overstrain, in complacency to the judgment of their audience.

1770 E. Burke Thoughts Present Discontents 51 The fault of overstraining popular qualities, and..asserting popular privileges, has led to disqualification.

1818 S. E. Ferrier Marriage I. 170 To say that no tears were shed during the composition of this letter, would be to overstrain fortitude beyond natural bounds.

1862 W. Collins No Name II. iii. 78 She a little overstrained the tone of humility in which she spoke those words.

1897 J. F. Bright Maria Theresa viii. 177 Kaunitz, afraid lest France should break loose..instructed Stahremberg that it was not advisable to overstrain the letter of the treaties.

1976 Times 25 May 14/3 Overwork also results in ministers over-straining the Parliamentary system.

1990 W. Jackson Brit. Def. Dilemma (BNC) 30 The effort involved was likely to overstrain Britain's available scientific, financial and material resources.

†2. transitive. To stretch tightly over or across something. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull > pull tight > over or across

overstrain?1578

?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 69 Which, with a wyre net..eeuen & tight waz al ouer strained.

†3. transitive. To surpass in exertion or effort. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [verb (transitive)] > go beyond in or outdo by effort

overstrain1590

outstrain1648

1590 R. Greene Neuer too Late i. 21 I haue..sought to ouermatch thy father in pollicie, as he ouer straines vs in ielousie.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	overstrain
释义	overstrainn. Brit. /ˈəʊvəstreɪn/, /ˌəʊvəˈstreɪn/, U.S. /ˈˌoʊvərˈˌstreɪn/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: overstrain v. Etymology: < overstrain v. Compare earlier overstraining n. 1. An act of overstraining; the fact of being overstrained; excessive strain; stress or tiredness caused by overexertion. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > extreme or excessive stressing1540 overreach1556 stress1570 straining1585 wrest1593 overstraining1623 strain1693 overstrain1694 overexertion1795 overtaxation1881 1694 T. D'Urfey Comical Hist. Don Quixote: Pt. 1 ii. ii. 22 Crack'd some Life Artery with an overstrain, And dy'd of some Male Mischief in the Brain. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison VI. xxiii. 131 It was such an overstrain of generosity from him, that it might well over-set him. 1822 H. Luttrell Lett. to Julia iv. 194 The softer sex..scorning gentle influence, strive To govern by prerogative, Till, weakened by an overstrain, Snap goes the matrimonial chain. 1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters i. 5 Such was his state of exhaustion, in consequence of the previous overstrain on every nerve and muscle. 1878 M. L. Holbrook Hygiene Brain 101 How is the merchant to avoid mental overstrain? 1902 W. C. Smith Olrig Grange vi, in Poet. Wks. 78 And therein he had lived, and therein found A joy and fulness of life, till something cracked With the overstrain of so unresting toil. 1991 C. Mansall Discover Astrol. vi. 133/1 It is certainly wise to encourage a life-style in which adequate rest and a healthy regime help to eliminate stress or overstrain. 2. Materials Science. The action of straining a material, esp. a metal, beyond its yield point; the condition of a material which has been strained beyond its yield point. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > stress or force exerted and tending to deform > [noun] > excessive stress or strain overstress1868 overstrain1895 1895 Proc. Royal Soc. 68 136 In every case, overstrain has produced a like fatigue of elasticity, and elastic recovery has followed during an interval of some days or weeks of rest. 1900 J. Muir in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 193 (heading) On the Recovery of Iron from Overstrain. 1931 H. J. Tapsell Creep of Metals iii. 32 The raising of the yield point at air temperature of mild steel was even more marked if the stress producing the overstrain were continued for a time. 1981 Fatigue of Engin. Materials & Structures 4 321 Stress intensity factors are determined for internally and externally cracked, pressurized thick cylinders with partial autofrettage (less than 100% overstrain). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). overstrainv. Brit. /ˌəʊvəˈstreɪn/, U.S. /ˌoʊvərˈstreɪn/ Forms: see over- prefix and strain v.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: over- prefix, strain v.¹ Etymology: < over- prefix + strain v.¹ 1. a. transitive. To strain (a muscle, nerve, etc.; also a faculty) too much, or more than it can bear; to subject (a person) to excessive strain or exhaustion; (Materials Science) to strain (a material) beyond its yield point (cf. overstrain n. 2). Also transitive (reflexive). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [verb (transitive)] > put the limbs or faculties to abnormal exertion > excessively overtravaila1382 overstrain1578 exceed1596 overtask1628 excel1667 overtax1692 1578 G. Best True Disc. Passage to Cathaya ii. 33 Some with ouer-straining themselues receiued hurtes not a little daungerous. 1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall 2 Neuer will I ouerstraine my strength. 1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. O2^v I haue riuen my throat with ouerstraining it to curse thee. 1607 E. Sharpham Cupids Whirligig iii. i He preach'd in two of his benefices in one day, & sure t'was the death of him, he neuer ioyed himselfe after hee so ouerstrained his voice. 1640 Bp. J. Hall Christian Moderation ii. 13 Hee, so ore-strayned his Lungs, in calling upon his troupes, that hee presently dyed. 1675 Mistaken Husband i. 18 My Daughter being a tender gristle, I was Loath he should overstrain her. 1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. vi. 70 At last..[they] over-strain their sinews..and are cripples ever after. 1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 248 He was proceeding then amazingly to push it to a third triumph..if a tenderness natural to true love, had not inspir'd me with self-denial enough to spare, and not overstrain him. a1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan Ded. in Wks. (1833) XV. 102 And then you overstrain yourself, or so. 1873 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life (1875) i. vii. 40 You must not sacrifice your eyesight by overstraining it. 1899 J. A. Ewing Strength of Materials iii. 40 This operation was carried far enough to overstrain the piece a second time, and curve D then shows that a very imperfectly elastic condition has reappeared. 1931 H. J. Tapsell Creep of Metals iii. 33 The effect of a period of rest on iron and steel overstrained at air temperature is to produce a recovery of elasticity and an increase in hardness. 1959 Dict. National Biogr. 1941–50 at Tyrrell, William George A nervous, sensitive, and affectionate nature already overstrained by years of intensely exacting work. 2002 New Straits Times (Malaysia) 6 Aug. 15 All because she had overstrained herself when carrying a pail of water 40 years ago. b. transitive. figurative. To put excessive demands on; to test or stretch too far. Also intransitive: to make too much effort in doing something. ΚΠ 1596 A. Copley Fig for Fortune 23 Our ambition may swage our miserie, Or both at once, may cracke as ouerstrained. 1631 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. (ed. 2) (2nd state) §cxxxvi His Justice wil not let his mercy be over-strained. a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) I. 218 Distinctions,..By b'ing too nicely overstrain'd and vext, Have made the Comment harder than the Text. 1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. 71 To endeavour not to Please, is Ill-nature; altogether to Neglect it, Folly; and to Over-strain for it, Vanity and Design. a1742 J. Oldmixon in R. Southey Common-place Bk. (1851) 4th Ser. 261/1 Writers of comedy are very apt to overdo and overstrain, in complacency to the judgment of their audience. 1770 E. Burke Thoughts Present Discontents 51 The fault of overstraining popular qualities, and..asserting popular privileges, has led to disqualification. 1818 S. E. Ferrier Marriage I. 170 To say that no tears were shed during the composition of this letter, would be to overstrain fortitude beyond natural bounds. 1862 W. Collins No Name II. iii. 78 She a little overstrained the tone of humility in which she spoke those words. 1897 J. F. Bright Maria Theresa viii. 177 Kaunitz, afraid lest France should break loose..instructed Stahremberg that it was not advisable to overstrain the letter of the treaties. 1976 Times 25 May 14/3 Overwork also results in ministers over-straining the Parliamentary system. 1990 W. Jackson Brit. Def. Dilemma (BNC) 30 The effort involved was likely to overstrain Britain's available scientific, financial and material resources. †2. transitive. To stretch tightly over or across something. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull > pull tight > over or across overstrain?1578 ?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 69 Which, with a wyre net..eeuen & tight waz al ouer strained. †3. transitive. To surpass in exertion or effort. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [verb (transitive)] > go beyond in or outdo by effort overstrain1590 outstrain1648 1590 R. Greene Neuer too Late i. 21 I haue..sought to ouermatch thy father in pollicie, as he ouer straines vs in ielousie. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1694v.1578
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