acanthodiann.adj.

Brit.

/ˌakənˈθəʊdɪən/, U.S.

/ˌækənˈθoʊdiən/

Forms:

α. 1800s– acanthodian.

β. 1800s– acanthodean.

Also with capital initial.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: French acanthodien ; Latin Acanthodes , -an suffix.

Etymology: Partly (in α. forms) < French acanthodien ( L. Agassiz Monographie des poissons fossiles (1844) 32) < scientific Latin Acanthodes (see below) + French -ien -ian suffix, and partly (in β. forms) < scientific Latin Acanthodes, genus name ( L. Agassiz Recherches sur les poissons fossiles (1833) II. 19; < ancient Greek ἀκανθώδης full of thorns, thorny < ἄκανθα thorn (see acanthus n.) + -ώδης -ode comb. form¹) + -an suffix; compare -ean suffix Compare scientific Latin Acanthodii, family name (1845).Scientific Latin acanthodes was used earlier as the specific name of an insect ( P. Rossi Mantissa insectorum (1794) II. 63).

Palaeontology.

A. n.

A small fossil fish of the class Acanthodii, having an almost wholly cartilaginous skeleton, small rhomboid scales, and a spine forming the anterior edge of each fin, found chiefly in rocks of the Devonian and Carboniferous periods. Also called spiny shark. Acanthodians are among the earliest known jawed vertebrates. They superficially resemble small sharks, but may be more closely related to the ancestors of bony fishes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > miscellaneous types > [noun] > miscellaneous fossil or extinct types

trachynote1848

acanthodian1852

placoganoid1863

ganocephalan1865

osteolepiform1955

1852 D. T. Ansted in C. G. Nicolay Man. Geogr. Sci. I. xii. 380 The Acanthodians and Dipterians (two families of Ganoids, nearly allied to the Lepidoids).

1869 Trans. Edinb. Geol. Soc. 286 None of our Old Sandstone Acanthodeans have yet been found of large size.

1916 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2 496 The oldest well preserved representatives of those primitive and spinose sharks,—the acanthodeans.

1985 Cambr. Encycl. Life Sci. xiii. 326/2 The earliest jawed fish, the extinct placoderms and acanthodians, probably occupied different niches.

2009 Nature 15 Jan. 233/1 Acanthodians are long-extinct fossil fish that stand close to the divergence of cartilaginous and bony fishes.

B. adj.

Belonging to or characteristic of the family or class Acanthodii or the genus Acanthodes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > miscellaneous types > [adjective] > of fossil types

acanthodian1860

1860 Edinb. Rev. July 50/1 Acanthodian fishes..have very recently been found by the Rev. Mr. Mitchell in the grey shales of the Forfarshire flags.

1894 Geol. Mag. 4 256 We may also, in the series of Acanthodian genera, trace every gradation from the most to the least claviculoid shape.

1937 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 228 58 The whole fish is covered with the customary square Acanthodian scales.

1965 Amer. Zoologist 5 268 The osteichthyans probably arose from an unknown acanthodian stock.

2003 P. Janvier Early Vertebr. iv. 181/2 The earliest known acanthodian remains (scales and spines) are early Silurian in age.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	acanthodian
释义	acanthodiann.adj. Brit. /ˌakənˈθəʊdɪən/, U.S. /ˌækənˈθoʊdiən/ Forms: α. 1800s– acanthodian. β. 1800s– acanthodean. Also with capital initial. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: French acanthodien ; Latin Acanthodes , -an suffix. Etymology: Partly (in α. forms) < French acanthodien ( L. Agassiz Monographie des poissons fossiles (1844) 32) < scientific Latin Acanthodes (see below) + French -ien -ian suffix, and partly (in β. forms) < scientific Latin Acanthodes, genus name ( L. Agassiz Recherches sur les poissons fossiles (1833) II. 19; < ancient Greek ἀκανθώδης full of thorns, thorny < ἄκανθα thorn (see acanthus n.) + -ώδης -ode comb. form¹) + -an suffix; compare -ean suffix Compare scientific Latin Acanthodii, family name (1845).Scientific Latin acanthodes was used earlier as the specific name of an insect ( P. Rossi Mantissa insectorum (1794) II. 63). Palaeontology. A. n. A small fossil fish of the class Acanthodii, having an almost wholly cartilaginous skeleton, small rhomboid scales, and a spine forming the anterior edge of each fin, found chiefly in rocks of the Devonian and Carboniferous periods. Also called spiny shark. Acanthodians are among the earliest known jawed vertebrates. They superficially resemble small sharks, but may be more closely related to the ancestors of bony fishes. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > miscellaneous types > [noun] > miscellaneous fossil or extinct types trachynote1848 acanthodian1852 placoganoid1863 ganocephalan1865 osteolepiform1955 1852 D. T. Ansted in C. G. Nicolay Man. Geogr. Sci. I. xii. 380 The Acanthodians and Dipterians (two families of Ganoids, nearly allied to the Lepidoids). 1869 Trans. Edinb. Geol. Soc. 286 None of our Old Sandstone Acanthodeans have yet been found of large size. 1916 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2 496 The oldest well preserved representatives of those primitive and spinose sharks,—the acanthodeans. 1985 Cambr. Encycl. Life Sci. xiii. 326/2 The earliest jawed fish, the extinct placoderms and acanthodians, probably occupied different niches. 2009 Nature 15 Jan. 233/1 Acanthodians are long-extinct fossil fish that stand close to the divergence of cartilaginous and bony fishes. B. adj. Belonging to or characteristic of the family or class Acanthodii or the genus Acanthodes. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > miscellaneous types > [adjective] > of fossil types acanthodian1860 1860 Edinb. Rev. July 50/1 Acanthodian fishes..have very recently been found by the Rev. Mr. Mitchell in the grey shales of the Forfarshire flags. 1894 Geol. Mag. 4 256 We may also, in the series of Acanthodian genera, trace every gradation from the most to the least claviculoid shape. 1937 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 228 58 The whole fish is covered with the customary square Acanthodian scales. 1965 Amer. Zoologist 5 268 The osteichthyans probably arose from an unknown acanthodian stock. 2003 P. Janvier Early Vertebr. iv. 181/2 The earliest known acanthodian remains (scales and spines) are early Silurian in age. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.1852
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