overthrown.1
/ˈəʊvəθrəʊ/, U.S. /ˈoʊvərˌθroʊ/ 1. † b. to give (a person) the overthrow: to defeat or overthrow. to have the overthrow: to be defeated. Obsolete.† c. A thing which brings down or overthrows someone or something. Obsolete.
a. The action of overthrowing something; the fact of being overthrown; defeat; deposition from power; destruction, ruin; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defeat > [noun]
confusionc1290
scomfit13..
cumber1303
discomfitc1330
scomfitingc1333
discomfiturea1400
scomfiturea1400
discomfitingc1405
overthrowc1440
male journey1455
overset1456
foilc1478
discomforture1485
supprise1488
reversea1529
distrage?1548
loss1548
defeat1553
underdeal1553
discomfort1589
defeatment1598
defeature1598
rufflec1600
defeatance1608
routa1616
Caudine Forks1619
disrout1623
conviction1631
bang1644
derout1644
conquest1677
drubbing1769
check1793
thrashing1797
sauve-qui-peut1815
debacle1847
smash1888
pasting1942
the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > defeat or overthrow > [noun]
fallOE
confusionc1290
discomfiturea1400
castc1400
overthrowc1440
confoundinga1450
jeofail1546
prostitution1567
lurch1584
worsting1607
unhorsing1608
supplantation1617
defeat1676
overset1789
punishment1811
overthrowal1862
beating1883
unhorsement1884
whoop-ass1974
c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 117 Þe hiȝer þat a lord be reised, þe perlioser is þe ouerthrowe.
c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 18 Never so gret an overthrow of lordes and noble bloode was seene.
a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 37/2 Sundrye victories hadde hee, and sommetime ouerthrowes.
1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) xxi. 31 This is not þe first ourthraw That thow hes done to me.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II v. vi. 16 Two of the daungerous consorted traitors, That sought at Oxford thy dire ouerthrow . View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xix. 29 God..sent Lot out of the midst of the ouerthrow, when he ouerthrew the cities, in the which Lot dwelt. View more context for this quotation
1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I iii. xi. 115 Their often recoveries from so many Overthrows and Captivities.
1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Linguæ Latinæ II. at Debellatio A vanquishing, or overthrow.
1757 D. Hume Hist. Great Brit. II. iii. 97 It was agreed, that, laying aside former enmities, all efforts should be used for the overthrow of the Rump; For so they called the Parliament.
1774 Ld. Chesterfield Lett. to Son I. xx. 87 Camillus..came upon the Gauls in the rear..and gave them a total overthrow.
1816 J. Austen Emma I. xvi. 285 It was a wretched business, indeed!—Such an overthrow of everything she had been wishing for! View more context for this quotation
1886 tr. K. Marx & F. Engels Manifesto Communists iv They [sc. Communists] openly declare that these ends can only be reached by the forcible overthrow of all existing social arrangements.
1906 J. London White Fang iii. v. 162 With the overthrow of Lip-lip, White Fang could have become leader of the pack.
1953 N. Mandela Struggle is my Life (1978) ii. iii. 45 The only sure road to this goal leads through the uncompromising and determined mass struggle for the overthrow of fascism.
1995 Tricycle Spring 19/1 Twenty-five centuries ago, India witnessed an intellectual and religious revolution which culminated in the overthrow of monotheism.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defeat > be defeated [verb (intransitive)]
to have (also get) the worsec1275
leesec1300
to lick the dust, the earth1382
to get (also have) the waura1393
to go downa1400
to go away (also flee) with the worsea1413
to have the worsta1470
to go to (also unto) the worse1485
to go by the worse (also worst)1528
to have the overthrow1536
lose1548
tine1681
society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome
overcomeeOE
shendc893
awinc1000
overwinOE
overheaveOE
to lay downa1225
mate?c1225
discomfitc1230
win1297
dauntc1300
cumber1303
scomfit1303
fenkc1320
to bear downc1330
confoundc1330
confusec1330
to do, put arrear1330
oversetc1330
vanquishc1330
conquerc1374
overthrowc1375
oppressc1380
outfighta1382
to put downa1382
discomfortc1384
threshc1384
vencuea1400
depressc1400
venque?1402
ding?a1425
cumrayc1425
to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425
to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430
distrussc1430
supprisec1440
ascomfita1450
to do stress?c1450
victorya1470
to make (win) a conquest1477
convanquish1483
conquest1485
defeat1485
oversailc1485
conques1488
discomfish1488
fulyie1488
distress1489
overpress1489
cravent1490
utter?1533
to give (a person) the overthrow1536
debel1542
convince1548
foil1548
out-war1548
profligate1548
proflige?c1550
expugnate1568
expugn1570
victor1576
dismay1596
damnify1598
triumph1605
convict1607
overman1609
thrash1609
beat1611
debellate1611
import1624
to cut to (or in) pieces1632
maitrise1636
worst1636
forcea1641
outfight1650
outgeneral1767
to cut up1803
smash1813
slosh1890
ream1918
hammer1948
1536 J. Husee Let. 5 July in Lisle Papers (P.R.O.: SP 1/105) f. 15 He hopythe to gyue your ennemy the overthrowe.
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Ciiij In this fight, the Elephant had the ouerthrowe.
1564 N. Haward tr. Eutropius Briefe Chron. vii. sig. L.v When these three capytaines were gone forthe againste Antonius they gave him thouverthrow.
1596 E. L. Romes Monarchie iv. sig. C3 The Romaines had the ouerthrow in deede; They, who but late in triumphes did aduance, Doe flye, lye slaine, and wounded, some doe bleede.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. ii. 5 And sodaine push giues them the ouerthrow. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iii. v. 65 We are like to haue the ouerthrow againe. View more context for this quotation
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [noun] > overthrow of a person, institution, belief, etc. > one who or that which overthrows
supplanterc1390
subvertera1500
overthrower1548
subversor1548
downthringera1572
thringera1572
overthrow1581
overturner1591
prostrator1649
profligator1694
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions vi. 44 These foure ouerthrowes of our bodies and health, olde age, waste, aire, and violence.
1592 A. Fraunce 3rd Pt. Countesse of Pembrokes Yuychurch f. 32 Phaeton; too youthful a yonker, Whose ouer-weening was his ouerthrow.
1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 53 Vespasian asked him, What was Neroes ouerthrow.
a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 181 Why should our Opiniatrete be the Overthrow of the State?
a1679 Earl of Orrery Herod the Great (1694) i. 1 When Herod to the Isle of Rhodes did go, We all foresaw 'twould prove his Overthrow.
1729 E. Ward Durgen 7 The vile Reflections you've unjustly cast, Will surely prove your overthrow at last.
1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i. 91 M. Calonne had good reason to conclude..[that] he could not be out-voted. But all his plans deceived him, and in the event became his overthrow.
1799 W. H. Ireland Henry II i. i. 40 He can, nor answer, nor resist the charge, Which will in Harry much displeasure raise, And in the end, may prove his overthrow.
d. The state or condition of being overthrown.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > [noun] > capsizing or upset > state of being overthrown
overthrow1769
the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > defeat or overthrow > [noun] > state of being overthrown
overthrow1906
1769 G. Cockings Arts. Manuf. & Commerce 5 No more our dreaded Naval Warriors ride..To blast Hispania's Pride, and lay it low, And transfix Gaul in total Overthrow.
1884 A. T. de Vere Foray Queen Meave v, in Poet. Wks. II. 273 Just as the second battle is all but lost Cuchullain wakes; and Meave is driven in utter overthrow across the Shannon.
1903 Daily Chron. 12 Sept. 5/1 Half a dozen great trees were torn up by the roots, and lay in disorderly overthrow ready for the saws.
1906 F. Thompson Ode Eng. Martyrs in Wks. (1913) II. 136 Till she shall know This lesson in her overthrow: Hardest servitude has he That's jailed in arrogant liberty.
2. Geology. An overturning or inversion of strata; an overfold. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > folding back or inversion
inversion1831
overthrow1831
1831 H. T. de la Beche Geol. Man. IV. 199 It is exceedingly desirable that this should be distinctly determined to be an overthrow of the strata, and not a great longitudinal fault.
1891 Duke of Argyll in 19th Cent. Jan. 19 The overthrows and the overthrusts, the sinkings and the underthrusts, which have inverted the order of original formation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] > thrown overboard
overthrow1885
1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche ix. xxiv. 114 Like twin sharks that in a fair ship's wake Swim constant..and hasty ravin make Of overthrow or offal.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
overthrown.2
/ˈəʊvəθrəʊ/, U.S. /ˈoʊvərˌθroʊ/ 1.
a. Cricket. A fielder's return of the ball which passes over or beyond the wicket, giving the batters the opportunity to make further runs; a run scored as a result of such a return.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > fielding > [noun] > return of ball > not caught or stopped
overthrow1748
1748 Penny London Post 24 Aug. To play all Play, Bye-Balls, and Over-Throws [ General Advertiser 25 Aug. Overthrows].
1749 London Evening-post 6 July Five of Addington Club challenge any Five in England for Fifty Guineas, to play By-Balls and Overthrows.
1849 Laws of Cricket in ‘Bat’ Cricketer's Man. (1850) 60 Neither byes nor overthrows shall be allowed.
1891 W. G. Grace Cricket x. 258 He must back up the wicket-keeper to save overthrows.
1955 Times 13 July 3/4 The Middlesex fielding was uncertain and Warwickshire were helped by indiscriminate throwing, which led to many over-throws.
1992 Wisden Cricket Monthly (BNC) Mar. 12 Srikkanth's throw from close range missed the stumps and went for four overthrows.
b. Baseball. A fielder's throw of the ball which passes over or beyond the baseman at whom it is aimed.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > [noun] > fielding > actions
overthrow1856
catch1858
pickup1872
peg1906
shoestring catch1926
1856 Spirit of Times 8 Nov. 165/1 Gessner [made]..three homes in succession, one of them being helped by an overthrow.
1949 Telephone-Reg. (McMinnville, Oregon) 4 Aug. 1/2 There is no sliding and a player cannot run on overthrows.
1967 Encycl. Brit. III. 232/1 Overthrow, a throw to a base in an attempt to retire a base runner which is so high that the fielder cannot reach the ball at all.
1992 R. M. Davis Mid-lands xi. 149 Once I worked the hidden ball trick from center field, having picked up an overthrow and held on to the ball until the runner swaggered off the base.
2. Architecture. A panel of decorated wrought-iron work forming the architrave of a gateway, arch, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > artistic work in metal > [noun] > other decorative metalwork > specific article
tee1800
overthrow1911
1911 J. S. Gardner Eng. Ironwork 17th & 18th Cent. 26 The base of the overthrow took the form of a latticed girder, or two bars braced together by scrolls.
1932 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Nov. 835/2 Making artistic ironwork—gates simple or elaborate, with or without ‘overthrows’.
1957 R. Lister Decorative Wrought Ironwork iii. 89 The overthrow, a composition built up from sixteen simple scrolls, reaches up symmetrically in the centre of the stretcher..terminating into a large disc bearing a garter and shield, and crested by a coronet.
2001 Western Daily Press (Nexis) 1 Dec. 35 In the garden is a carved hamstone well head and wrought iron overthrow with water flowing along a hamstone rill into a small pond.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
overthrowv.
/ˌəʊvəˈθrəʊ/, U.S. /ˌoʊvərˈθroʊ/ 1. † b. transitive. figurative. To turn (fortune's wheel). Obsolete. rare.
a. transitive. To knock or throw to the ground; to overturn, upset; to knock down, demolish. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > capsize or upset
overcastc1230
overturnc1300
overthrowc1330
to-turna1382
overwhelm?a1400
tilta1400
tipa1400
welt?a1400
overtiltc1400
tirvec1420
reverse?a1439
devolvec1470
subvert1479
welter?a1505
renverse1521
tumble1534
verse1556
upturn1567
overwhirl1577
rewalt1587
subverse1590
overset1599
overtumble1600
walt1611
to fetch up1615
ramvert1632
treveer1636
transvolve1644
capsize1788
upset1806
keel1828
overwelt1828
pitch-pole1851
purl1856
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 8125 Wawain..mani þousand ouerþrewe..Into þe water top and tail.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 134 Þe wynd..þrowiþ doun hous and trees þat wiþstondiþ hym and ouerþrowiþ [L. subuertit] hem.
c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. ix. 31 (MED) Þe wynd wolde wiþ þe watir þe boot ouerþrowe [v.rr. ouerþrowȝe; ouertorne].
c1450 King Ponthus (Digby) in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1897) 12 78 (MED) And so he smote the hors with his spurrys; and with a gret short sper he smote Surdyte at a travers, that he had nyghe ouerthrawen hym.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v. xii The wulf ouerthrewe the dogge vpsodoune to the ground.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxxxi. 242 He ouerthrewe cuppes and dysshes upon the table.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jonah iii. 4 There are yet xl. dayes, and then shal Niniue be ouerthrowen.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 34 A noble clostre..quhilke the..Caluinists ouirthrew.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xi. 54 To ouerset or ouerthrow a ship, is by bearing too much saile you bring her Keele vpwards, or on shore ouerthrow her by grounding her, so that she falls vpon one side.
a1678 A. Marvell Upon Appleton House in Misc. Poems (1681) 103 'Tis not, what it once was, the World; But a rude heap together hurl'd; All negligently overthrown.
a1704 T. Brown On Duke of Ormond's Recovery in Wks. (1707) I. i. 72 Your Sacred Seats by cruel Rage o're thrown.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. ix. iii. 332 Susan was not so kind to Partridge, for that Amazonian Fair having overthrown and bestrid her Enemy, was now cuffing him lustily with both her Hands. View more context for this quotation
1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. xviii. 430 The town, which was completely overthrown by an earthquake, has been rebuilt.
1850 N. Hawthorne Scarlet Let. Introd. 53 The old Inspector,—who..was overthrown and killed by a horse, some time ago.
1906 J. London White Fang iii. iii. 145 It was remarkably easy to overthrow a dog taken by surprise;..a dog, thus overthrown, invariably exposed for a moment the soft underside of its neck—the vulnerable point at which to strike.
1914 E. R. Burroughs Tarzan of Apes xi. 136 He overthrew the cauldron before leaping, sinuous and catlike, into the lower branches of the forest giant.
ΚΠ
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. 139 (MED) For every climat hath his diel After the tornynge of the whiel, Which blinde fortune overthroweth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > fall down or from erect position
fallOE
to fall downc1175
torple?c1225
glidec1275
overthrowc1330
downfallc1350
swaya1400
reversea1470
twine1600
to go down1697
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) 2850 (MED) Tweies a ros and tweies a fel, Þe þredde tim ouer-þrew in þe wel, Þar inne a lai vp riȝt.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 269 (MED) Whan Crist entrede into Egipt, þe mawmettes overþrewe and fil doun.
c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame 1640 This Eolus..gan this trumpe for to blowe, Asal the world shulde overthrowe [v.r. ouyrthrow].
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 355 He overthrewe to the grounde sterke dede.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 27 He..comaunded hem to make a tour..And when thei hadde wrought a iiij fadome of height, than it ouerthrewe [Fr. si rechai].
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xl. 47 Warre ones begon it is harde to knowe Who shall abyde and who shall ouerthrowe.
1550 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue (new ed.) i. xi. sig. Bviiiv The best cart maie ouerthrowe.
?1609 G. Chapman tr. Homer Twelue Bks. Iliads xii. 207 Their bulwarkes were Not onely without powre of checke..but apt for ouerthrowe.
3. transitive. To cast down (a person or group of people) from a position of influence, prosperity, etc. Also: to defeat, conquer, overcome; to ruin, destroy.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome
overcomeeOE
shendc893
awinc1000
overwinOE
overheaveOE
to lay downa1225
mate?c1225
discomfitc1230
win1297
dauntc1300
cumber1303
scomfit1303
fenkc1320
to bear downc1330
confoundc1330
confusec1330
to do, put arrear1330
oversetc1330
vanquishc1330
conquerc1374
overthrowc1375
oppressc1380
outfighta1382
to put downa1382
discomfortc1384
threshc1384
vencuea1400
depressc1400
venque?1402
ding?a1425
cumrayc1425
to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425
to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430
distrussc1430
supprisec1440
ascomfita1450
to do stress?c1450
victorya1470
to make (win) a conquest1477
convanquish1483
conquest1485
defeat1485
oversailc1485
conques1488
discomfish1488
fulyie1488
distress1489
overpress1489
cravent1490
utter?1533
to give (a person) the overthrow1536
debel1542
convince1548
foil1548
out-war1548
profligate1548
proflige?c1550
expugnate1568
expugn1570
victor1576
dismay1596
damnify1598
triumph1605
convict1607
overman1609
thrash1609
beat1611
debellate1611
import1624
to cut to (or in) pieces1632
maitrise1636
worst1636
forcea1641
outfight1650
outgeneral1767
to cut up1803
smash1813
slosh1890
ream1918
hammer1948
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > overthrow or overturn
to-warpc888
overwarpeOE
fallOE
cumber1303
overthrowc1375
overturna1382
subverta1382
overwalta1400
sinka1400
to wend downa1400
tuyrec1400
reverse1402
tirvec1420
pervert?a1425
to put downa1425
cumrayc1425
downthringc1430
overthwart?a1439
thringc1480
subvertise1484
succumb1490
renverse1521
precipitate?1528
everta1538
wrake1570
ruinate1590
profligate1643
wreck1749
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or overwhelm > completely or overthrow
shrenchc897
allayOE
fellOE
quellOE
to bring to the groundc1175
forlesec1200
to lay downa1225
acastc1225
accumberc1275
cumber1303
confoundc1330
overthrowc1375
cumrayc1425
overquell?c1450
overwhelvec1450
to nip in (also by, on) the head (also neck, pate)?a1500
prostrate1531
quash1556
couch1577
unhorse1577
prosternate1593
overbeata1616
unchariot1715
floor1828
quench1841
to knock over1853
fling1889
to throw down1890
steamroller1912
wipe1972
zonk1973
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or defeat > defeat completely or do for
overthrowc1375
checkmatea1400
to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430
distrussc1430
crusha1599
panga1600
to fetch off1600
finish1611
settle?1611
feague1668
rout1676
spiflicate1749
bowl1793
to settle a person's hash1795
dish1798
smash1813
to cook (rarely do) one's goose1835
thunder-smite1875
scuppera1918
to put the bee on1918
stonker1919
to wrap up1922
root1944
banjax1956
marmalize1966
c1375 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 3331 Beth war for, whan that fortune list to glose, Thanne waiteth she hir man to ouerthrowe [v.r. doun to þrowe].
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 1590 (MED) The sothe furthere he ne knew, Til that fortune him overthreu.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 208 Alle tho repugners ben openli ouerthrowe.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 36 Yonder a eleven kynges at thys tyme woll nat be overthrowyn.
a1475 Visio Philiberti (Brogyntyn) in J. O. Halliwell Early Eng. Misc. (1855) 17 (MED) Thou art layd now fulle lowe; Thus whom hym lyst dethe cane ovyre-throwe.
a1500 (c1437) Brut (Lamb.) 583 (MED) Remembres [sic] ye of Brugges..how..the Calisers..ouerthrewe you sodeynly, or euer that ye wist.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cciiijv Hys partye was ouerthrowen and vanquyshed.
1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) ix. lii. 235 For peace we warre, a peruerse warre that doth our selues ore-throe.
1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall ii. 20 Claudius seems to have made the first progresse into these parts, since Boadicea was overthrown by the Forces of Nero.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 556 The Trojan Town Triumphant stands, the Grecians are o'rethrown.
1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) iii. 22 Mighty Pam that Kings and Queens o'erthrew.
1724 J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. i. v. 11 Regulus is a Man, not easy to be overthrown.
1837 T. De Quincey Revolt of Tartars in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 94/2 The khan went into the field..and at last, in a pitched battle, overthrew the Turkish force opposed to him.
1894 Times (Weekly ed.) 19 Jan. 57/1 He..was overthrown with Thiers seven days afterwards.
1973 K. Lines Greek Legends 29 His parents, Gaea and Uranus, had foretold that one of his children would overthrow him and seize the throne.
1994 Amer. Spectator Aug. 73/2 Then came an attempt to overthrow Catherine and crown the imprisoned and by now ga-ga Ivan VI.
4.
a. transitive. To overturn (an established or existing set of opinions, practice, intention, etc.); to subvert or ruin; to bring to nothing, dash.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > damage or injure [verb (transitive)]
mareOE
shendOE
hinderc1000
amarOE
awemc1275
noyc1300
touchc1300
bleche1340
blemisha1375
spill1377
misdoa1387
grieve1390
damagea1400
despoil?a1400
matea1400
snapea1400
mankc1400
overthrowa1425
tamec1430
undermine1430
blunder1440
depaira1460
adommage?1473
endamage1477
prejudicec1487
fulyie1488
martyra1500
dyscrase?1504
corrupt1526
mangle1534
danger1538
destroy1542
spoil1563
ruinate1564
ruin1567
wrake1570
injury1579
bane1587
massacre1589
ravish1594
wrong1595
rifle1604
tainta1616
mutilea1618
to do violence toa1625
flaw1665
stun1676
quail1682
maul1694
moil1698
damnify1712
margullie1721
maul1782
buga1790
mux1806
queer1818
batter1840
puckeroo1840
rim-rack1841
pretty1868
garbage1899
savage1899
to do in1905
strafe1915
mash1924
blow1943
nuke1967
mung1969
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) iv. 385 Who wolde have wend that in so litel a throwe Fortune oure joie wold han ouerthrowe [v.rr. ouerethrowe, ouer-throw]?
1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xlixv Suche thinges as were..to be set forward, were nowe dasshed and ouerthrowen to the grounde.
1611 Bible (King James) 2 Tim. ii. 18 Who..ouerthrow the faith of some. View more context for this quotation
1682 S. Pordage Azaria & Hushai 4 A Plot form'd in the deep Abyss below, Law and Religion both to overthrow.
1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §29. 28 The ancient [tenet]..seems to be so effectually overthrown thereby, that the most learned Tacquet has been forc'd to reject that Principle.
1750 J. Mayhew Disc. Submission 35 It appears that the common argument..in favour of universal, and passive obedience, really overthrows itself, by proving too much.
1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park II. x. 233 She had hoped to have William all to herself, the last morning... But though her wishes were overthrown there was no spirit of murmuring within her. View more context for this quotation
1851 N. Hawthorne House of Seven Gables i. 30 So many ancient prejudices have been overthrown.
1868 J. B. Lightfoot Epist. Philippians (1873) 94 He determined to overthrow the worship of the one true God.
1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage cxxii. 646 All his plans were suddenly overthrown, and the existence, so elaborately pictured, was no more than a dream. He was free once more.
1934 C. Lambert Music Ho! i. 31 Debussy overthrew..the old romantic rhetoric.
1988 M. Forster Elizabeth Barrett Browning xiii. 219 All groups of revolutionaries, out to overthrow absolutism and establish republics on egalitarian lines, met with her approval.
b. transitive. To bring down, depose, or put an end by force to (a government, institution, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > make revolutionary in character [verb (transitive)] > overthrow
upturna1340
overturna1382
subvert1474
invert1548
overthrow1567
wrake1570
revolve1609
to pull down1625
overset1679
1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. xiii. f. 86v Newe Princes vnder colour to introduce new customes, do ouerthrow their common wealths.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 27 His authoritie sould be contempnit and the commonweill..ovirthrawin.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. iii. 74 This Oriental empire..shall one day be cleane ouerthrowen.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 295 Men that are once possessed of an opinion,..will disobey the Laws, and thereby overthrow the Common-wealth, and introduce..Civill war.
a1664 K. Philips Memory Mrs Owen in Poems (1667) 93 She unmov'd beheld the angry Fate Which tore a Church, and overthrew a State.
1715 E. Ward Hist. Grand Rebellion I. 188 Laud..sustain'd The Envy of the Faction, who were bent To overthrow the Church and Government.
1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. ii. 41 The Persians..overthrew their Empire.
1815 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 248 To anarchize by gold the government he could not overthrow by arms.
1847 L. H. Kerr tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Servia 422 Thus was overthrown a government raised up by the force of events.
1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xl. 513 I had two schemes in my head... The one was to overthrow the Catholic Church and set up the Protestant faith on its ruins.
1904 McClure's Mag. Mar. 546/1 In other cities mere exposure has been sufficient to overthrow a corrupt régime.
1988 A. N. Wilson Tolstoy xvi. 402 Sofya Andreyevna wrote..denying that her husband was planning to overthrow the Government.
5. † b. transitive. To upset (a person, a person's body, etc.) physically; to make ill. Obsolete.
a. transitive. To disturb or upset (a person's mind, mental faculties, etc.). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > drive mad [verb (transitive)]
turn1372
mada1425
overthrow?a1425
to go (also fall, run) mada1450
deferc1480
craze1503
to face (a person) out ofc1530
dement1545
distemper1581
shake1594
distract1600
to go (also run, set) a-madding (or on madding)1600
unwita1616
insaniate?1623
embedlama1628
dementate1628
crack1631
unreason1643
bemad1655
ecstasya1657
overset1695
madden1720
maddle1775
insanify1809
derange1825
bemoon1866
send (someone) up the wall1951
the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)]
heavyc897
pineeOE
aileOE
sorryeOE
traya1000
sorrowOE
to work (also do) (a person) woeOE
angerc1175
smarta1200
to work, bake, brew balec1200
derve?c1225
grieve?c1225
sitc1225
sweam?c1225
gnawc1230
sughc1230
troublec1230
aggrievea1325
to think sweama1325
unframea1325
anguish1340
teen1340
sowa1352
distrainc1374
to-troublea1382
strain1382
unglad1390
afflicta1393
paina1393
distressa1400
hita1400
sorea1400
assayc1400
remordc1400
temptc1400
to sit (or set) one sorec1420
overthrow?a1425
visit1424
labour1437
passionc1470
arraya1500
constraina1500
misgrievea1500
attempt1525
exagitate1532
to wring to the worse1542
toil1549
lament1580
adolorate1598
rankle1659
try1702
to pass over ——1790
upset1805
to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823
to put (a person) through it1855
bludgeon1888
to get to ——1904
to put through the hoop(s)1919
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [verb (transitive)] > make unstable or unbalanced
overthrow?a1425
touch1607
unhinge1612
unship1827
?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. v. met. iii. 13 The thought of man, confownded and overthrowen by the derke membres of the body, ne mai nat..knowen the thynne subtile knyttynges of thinges.
a1500 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 367 (MED) Lette not foule þouȝte ouer-þrowe [v.r. goo thorough] þi mynde.
1598 S. Brandon Tragicomoedi of Vertuous Octauia ii. l.501 But this seducing vertues foe, In whom all pleasure shineth: Doth all our scences ouerthrow, and reason vndermineth.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. i. 153 O what a noble mind is heere orethrowne ! View more context for this quotation
1765 R. Cumberland Summer's Tale ii. v. 47 Is a Mind like your's so soon overthrown? Better be born a Clown like me without Wit or Understanding to lose.
1793 J. Thelwall Peripatetic II. 97 Scenes like these may feed the desperate woe Till..dark Dismay The seat of guiding Reason overthrow.
1816 J. Wilson City of Plague iii. i. 321 O misery! His mind is overthrown.
1895 T. Hardy Jude vi. ii. 423 The two helpless women, bending over the children in wild efforts to restore them, and the triplet of little corpses, formed a scene which overthrew his self-command.
1920 D. H. Lawrence Lost Girl xv. 343 It seems there are places which resist us, which have the power to overthrow our psychic being.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > cause to be ill [verb (transitive)] > disorder health of
undisposec1380
overturna1382
mistemperc1485
disorder1526
overthrow1562
overset?a1600
disaffect1623
discompose1694
indispose1694
upset1845
1562 W. Turner Bk. Natures Bathes Eng. f. 1, in 2nd Pt. Herball They [sc. brimstone baths] undo and ouerthrowe the stomack.
1628 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 3) ii. ii. vi. iv. 283 They..contract filthy diseases,..ouerthrowe their bodies.
1639 L. Lawrence tr. San Pedro de Diego Small Treat. betwixt Arnalte & Lucenda 77 They have my health impair'd, and overthrowne.
6. Sport.
a. transitive. To throw (a ball) too far; (Cricket, of a fielder) to return (the ball) so that it passes over or beyond the wicket. Also intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > bowling > bowl [verb (transitive)] > bowl in specific manner
twist1816
overthrow1833
to bowl over the wicket1851
overpitch1851
bump1869
york1882
to break a ball1884
flog1884
to bowl round (or formerly outside) the wicket1887
turn1898
flick1902
curl1904
spin1904
volley1909
flight1912
to give (a ball) air1920
tweak1935
move1938
overspin1940
swing1948
bounce1960
cut1960
seam1963
dolly1985
1833 Field Bk. 141/1 The batters may take the advantage of running when a ball has been over-thrown.
1862 Chambers's Encycl. III. 320/1 Misconception of this [distance] may lead to overthrowing the ball, or throwing it short.
1875 Baily's Monthly Mag. Apr. 403 A ball..overthrown, on the ground where he learnt his cricket, means the loss of four, five, or even six or seven runs.
1978 Washington Post (Nexis) 6 Feb. (Sport section) d3 I did everything wrong and I had to figure it out for myself. I overthrew for five seasons.
1991 Independent on Sunday (Nexis) 8 Sept. (Sport section) 28 Waqar returned for his second spell to confront Smith, only to see the ball overthrown to the boundary for the second time at his expense.
2002 Atlanta Jrnl. & Constit. (Nexis) 27 Oct. (Sports section) 3 e He overthrew a lateral pass to running back Derrick Tinsley on the first series.
b. transitive. To throw a ball beyond (its intended target).
ΚΠ
1979 Washington Post (Nexis) 9 Apr. (Sport section) d6 Doug DeCinces overthrew first baseman Eddie Murray for his second error in 75 games.
1998 Sunday Times (Nexis) 2 Aug. (Sport section) Yesterday he overthrew the stumps. Yes, overthrows from the man who stalks cover point with alacrity like no other.
2001 S. Wales Echo (Nexis) 20 June (Sport section) 42 He overthrew an attacking lineout to such an extent that the ball was claimed by Aussie centre Nathan Grey in midfield.
Derivatives
overˈthrowable adj. capable of being overthrown.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [adjective] > capable of being refuted
traversable?1530
deniable1548
repugnable1578
refutable1600
improvable1604
revincible1633
confutable1638
convincible1643
rebuttable1646
overthrowable1653
disprovable1686
improbative1754
1653 R. Boyle Let. to Mallet 23 Sept. in Wks. (1772) I. Life 53 Which..I found, though hardly overthrowable in equity, yet to be questionable in strictness of law.
1900 S. Butler Further Extracts Notebks. Samuel Butler (1934) 228 Confidence in a reasonable amount of stability in the world around us is a sine qua non for action of any kind; but it is still less moral that either man or theory should not be attackable, and, if cause be shown, overthrowable at all.
1997 A. O'Hear Beyond Evol. (1999) ii. 21 Life, beliefs, and dispositions which are neither justifiable by reason in the abstract nor overthrowable by reason.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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