Panaman.

Brit.

/ˌpanəˈmɑː/,

/ˈpanəmɑː/, U.S.

/ˈpænəˌmɑ/

Forms: also with lower-case initial.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Panama.

Etymology: < the name of a city and state in Central America, and of the isthmus uniting North and South America. With sense 2 compare slightly later Panama hat n.; compare also French panama (1842 in this sense).

1. In full Panama shell. A large Central American olive, Oliva porphyria (cf. olive n.¹ 8), having a shell which is pinkish in colour with a complex pattern of overlapping brown zigzags. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Siphonostomata > member of family Olividae

olive1776

Panama1776

1776 E. M. da Costa Elements Conchol. x. 189 The eleventh family is the Cylindri, Cylindars or Olives... Pl. V. fig. 4 the Panama or Camp.

1860 P. P. Carpenter in I. Lea et al. Check Lists Shells N. Amer. 5 This list contains the Panama Shells of Prof. C. B. Evans.

1939 Florida: Guide to Southernmost State (Federal Writers' Project) iii. 483 The slender polished olive..also called the Panama shell.

2. Usually with lower-case initial. A panama hat.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > made of specific material > screwpine leaves (and imitations of)

Panama1834

Panama hat1844

jipijapa1877

1834 Jeffersonian (N.Y.) 23 Dec. 1/3 The sailor doused his Panama.

1848 Colburn's United Service Mag. Sept. iii. 67 One veteran in a panama and rosette deputed by the body, addressed me in Spanish.

1900 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 17 Aug. 744 In buying a panama it is necessary to ascertain two things—that the straw is whole and that it is not stiffened.

1975 G. Avery Childhood's Pattern ix. 216 School uniform was no badge of servitude... Nobody sat viciously on their Panamas.

1991 Daily Express 1 June 17/2 The actress, jaunty in panama and blazer, jetted out by Concorde to New York.

3. A lightweight fabric, typically of worsted yarn in a plain weave, used in clothing and millinery; spec. a cotton and wool cloth used in summer garments. More fully Panama cloth.Perhaps so named because the weaving technique is similar to that used for the Panama hat; cf. Panama weave n. at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from mixed fibres > [noun] > cotton and wool

moreena1691

satinette1723

jeanette1785

gambroon1812

cassinette1817

merino1818

lustre1831

Russell cord1834

domett1835

mousseline de laine1835

moreen-damask1837

delaine1840

Orleans1844

kerseynette1846

balzarine1849

muslin-de-laine1856

Verona serge1858

president1860

Persian cord1873

moreen silk1889

niggerhead1892

Viyella1894

Verona1904

Panama1907

Parisian cloth1960

1907 T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Spring–Summer 7/3 This stylishly attractive Eton suit can be supplied in either fine all-wool Panama or broadcloth.

1939 M. B. Picken Lang. Fashion 107/1 Panama cloth, cotton fabric in close plain weave, similar to net. Used in millinery for brows, crowns, etc.

1971 Islander, Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 25 July 11/2 The bridesmaids were dressed alike in white Panama cloth, trimmed with insertions of pale blue silk.

1989 Grattan Direct Catal. Spring–Summer 83/2 Fully lined pencil skirt from Rosami in mill wash panama.

Compounds

Panama disease n. vascular wilt disease of banana trees (first described in Central America), caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum var. cubense, and characterized by yellowing and wilting of the leaves.

ΚΠ

1910 E. Essed in Ann. Bot. 24 488 The Panama Disease.—Preliminary Notice.—This fungoid disease on the Musa sapientum var. Gros Michel was, it seems, first detected in Central America.

1956 H. G. de Lisser Cup & Lip x. 119 I instructed him to go to Napleton to see Sampson about the treatment of Panama Disease.

1993 New Scientist 17 Apr. 9/1 To prevent the diseases, black sigatoka and Panama disease, plantations are sprayed with fungicides.

Panama fever n. now historical a dangerous febrile disease contracted in Central America, esp. yellow fever.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > yellow fever

yellow fever1738

black vomit1740

St. Domingo fever1822

yellow typhus1822

yellow Jack1832

vomito1833

Panama fever1849

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > malaria

fever and ague1666

helodes1724

Roman fever1726

malaria1740

marsh fever1752

fen-fever1772

dumb ague1793

malaria fever1818

Panama fever1849

swamp fever1870

melanuric fever1875

tap1882

subtertian1902

1849 S. Patout Let. June in Attakapas Gaz. (1986) Fall 140 During the last eight days which I was in Panama, I had a violent fever, which is known as ‘Panama Fever.’ It is very dangerous, many of those who had it died from it.

1868 Overland Monthly Dec. 561/1 After hearing all about how she felt, his diagnosis was a mild case of fever—Panama fever.

1940 F. Riesenberg Golden Gate 109 The frequent burials at sea resulted from improper care of those who had contracted ‘Panama fever’ or ‘yellow fever’.

1994 A. Barkai Branching Out iii. 76 After many more adventures, and after some died of Panama fever, the party finally arrived in San Francisco.

Panama Red n. a potent, reddish variety of marijuana from Panama.

ΚΠ

1966 Washington Post 21 Aug. e1 The best pot is supposed to be Acapulco Gold. Panama Red is good and so is Chicago Green.

1972 Last Whole Earth Catal. (Portola Inst.) 62/3 Acapulco Gold, Panama Red, and other strains of grass are reputed to be particularly potent.

1996 A. Theroux Secondary Colors 227 ‘Vietnam Green’, even more so than Panama red, New York white, and famous Acapulco gold is..the best marijuana to be had on the American market.

Panama rubber n. a natural rubber obtained from the tree Castilla elastica (family Moraceae) of Central America and northern South America; (also) the tree itself (more fully Panama rubber tree).

ΚΠ

1877 Geogr. Mag. Aug. 212/2 The milk of some species, such as that of the Panama rubber-tree, may keep for a week or more in a cool, shady place.

1900 P. L. Gell Rubber Industry in Brit. S. Afr. Co.’s Territories 21 The Panama Rubber, Castilloa Elastica, might be possible in other situations.

1988 M. Hickey & C. King Common Families Flowering Plants (ed. 2) xii. 112 The latex of Castilla elastica is the source of Panama Rubber.

2011 S. Glassman & A. Anaya Cities of Maya in Seven Epochs iii. 86 The latex of the panama rubber tree (Castilla elastica) was tempered using the sap of the moon vine.

Panama weave n. a plain weave used for textiles.

ΚΠ

1905 Textile World Rec. May 73/1 The Panama weave which has had an unusual run for the past two seasons is not thought quite as good.

1957 M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 241/2 Panama weave, where many warp and filing threads cross at once. This produces a straw mat-like effect like that of Panama straw hats. Cloth is often composed of cotton or rayon.

1993 Daily News Record (U.S.) (Nexis) 5 Oct. 3 Texture was a strong point in the denim sector with accentuated ribbed, herringbone or panama weaves.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	panama
释义	Panaman. Brit. /ˌpanəˈmɑː/, /ˈpanəmɑː/, U.S. /ˈpænəˌmɑ/ Forms: also with lower-case initial. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Panama. Etymology: < the name of a city and state in Central America, and of the isthmus uniting North and South America. With sense 2 compare slightly later Panama hat n.; compare also French panama (1842 in this sense). 1. In full Panama shell. A large Central American olive, Oliva porphyria (cf. olive n.¹ 8), having a shell which is pinkish in colour with a complex pattern of overlapping brown zigzags. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Siphonostomata > member of family Olividae olive1776 Panama1776 1776 E. M. da Costa Elements Conchol. x. 189 The eleventh family is the Cylindri, Cylindars or Olives... Pl. V. fig. 4 the Panama or Camp. 1860 P. P. Carpenter in I. Lea et al. Check Lists Shells N. Amer. 5 This list contains the Panama Shells of Prof. C. B. Evans. 1939 Florida: Guide to Southernmost State (Federal Writers' Project) iii. 483 The slender polished olive..also called the Panama shell. 2. Usually with lower-case initial. A panama hat. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > made of specific material > screwpine leaves (and imitations of) Panama1834 Panama hat1844 jipijapa1877 1834 Jeffersonian (N.Y.) 23 Dec. 1/3 The sailor doused his Panama. 1848 Colburn's United Service Mag. Sept. iii. 67 One veteran in a panama and rosette deputed by the body, addressed me in Spanish. 1900 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 17 Aug. 744 In buying a panama it is necessary to ascertain two things—that the straw is whole and that it is not stiffened. 1975 G. Avery Childhood's Pattern ix. 216 School uniform was no badge of servitude... Nobody sat viciously on their Panamas. 1991 Daily Express 1 June 17/2 The actress, jaunty in panama and blazer, jetted out by Concorde to New York. 3. A lightweight fabric, typically of worsted yarn in a plain weave, used in clothing and millinery; spec. a cotton and wool cloth used in summer garments. More fully Panama cloth.Perhaps so named because the weaving technique is similar to that used for the Panama hat; cf. Panama weave n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from mixed fibres > [noun] > cotton and wool moreena1691 satinette1723 jeanette1785 gambroon1812 cassinette1817 merino1818 lustre1831 Russell cord1834 domett1835 mousseline de laine1835 moreen-damask1837 delaine1840 Orleans1844 kerseynette1846 balzarine1849 muslin-de-laine1856 Verona serge1858 president1860 Persian cord1873 moreen silk1889 niggerhead1892 Viyella1894 Verona1904 Panama1907 Parisian cloth1960 1907 T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Spring–Summer 7/3 This stylishly attractive Eton suit can be supplied in either fine all-wool Panama or broadcloth. 1939 M. B. Picken Lang. Fashion 107/1 Panama cloth, cotton fabric in close plain weave, similar to net. Used in millinery for brows, crowns, etc. 1971 Islander, Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 25 July 11/2 The bridesmaids were dressed alike in white Panama cloth, trimmed with insertions of pale blue silk. 1989 Grattan Direct Catal. Spring–Summer 83/2 Fully lined pencil skirt from Rosami in mill wash panama. Compounds Panama disease n. vascular wilt disease of banana trees (first described in Central America), caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum var. cubense, and characterized by yellowing and wilting of the leaves. ΚΠ 1910 E. Essed in Ann. Bot. 24 488 The Panama Disease.—Preliminary Notice.—This fungoid disease on the Musa sapientum var. Gros Michel was, it seems, first detected in Central America. 1956 H. G. de Lisser Cup & Lip x. 119 I instructed him to go to Napleton to see Sampson about the treatment of Panama Disease. 1993 New Scientist 17 Apr. 9/1 To prevent the diseases, black sigatoka and Panama disease, plantations are sprayed with fungicides. Panama fever n. now historical a dangerous febrile disease contracted in Central America, esp. yellow fever. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > yellow fever yellow fever1738 black vomit1740 St. Domingo fever1822 yellow typhus1822 yellow Jack1832 vomito1833 Panama fever1849 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > malaria fever and ague1666 helodes1724 Roman fever1726 malaria1740 marsh fever1752 fen-fever1772 dumb ague1793 malaria fever1818 Panama fever1849 swamp fever1870 melanuric fever1875 tap1882 subtertian1902 1849 S. Patout Let. June in Attakapas Gaz. (1986) Fall 140 During the last eight days which I was in Panama, I had a violent fever, which is known as ‘Panama Fever.’ It is very dangerous, many of those who had it died from it. 1868 Overland Monthly Dec. 561/1 After hearing all about how she felt, his diagnosis was a mild case of fever—Panama fever. 1940 F. Riesenberg Golden Gate 109 The frequent burials at sea resulted from improper care of those who had contracted ‘Panama fever’ or ‘yellow fever’. 1994 A. Barkai Branching Out iii. 76 After many more adventures, and after some died of Panama fever, the party finally arrived in San Francisco. Panama Red n. a potent, reddish variety of marijuana from Panama. ΚΠ 1966 Washington Post 21 Aug. e1 The best pot is supposed to be Acapulco Gold. Panama Red is good and so is Chicago Green. 1972 Last Whole Earth Catal. (Portola Inst.) 62/3 Acapulco Gold, Panama Red, and other strains of grass are reputed to be particularly potent. 1996 A. Theroux Secondary Colors 227 ‘Vietnam Green’, even more so than Panama red, New York white, and famous Acapulco gold is..the best marijuana to be had on the American market. Panama rubber n. a natural rubber obtained from the tree Castilla elastica (family Moraceae) of Central America and northern South America; (also) the tree itself (more fully Panama rubber tree). ΚΠ 1877 Geogr. Mag. Aug. 212/2 The milk of some species, such as that of the Panama rubber-tree, may keep for a week or more in a cool, shady place. 1900 P. L. Gell Rubber Industry in Brit. S. Afr. Co.’s Territories 21 The Panama Rubber, Castilloa Elastica, might be possible in other situations. 1988 M. Hickey & C. King Common Families Flowering Plants (ed. 2) xii. 112 The latex of Castilla elastica is the source of Panama Rubber. 2011 S. Glassman & A. Anaya Cities of Maya in Seven Epochs iii. 86 The latex of the panama rubber tree (Castilla elastica) was tempered using the sap of the moon vine. Panama weave n. a plain weave used for textiles. ΚΠ 1905 Textile World Rec. May 73/1 The Panama weave which has had an unusual run for the past two seasons is not thought quite as good. 1957 M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 241/2 Panama weave, where many warp and filing threads cross at once. This produces a straw mat-like effect like that of Panama straw hats. Cloth is often composed of cotton or rayon. 1993 Daily News Record (U.S.) (Nexis) 5 Oct. 3 Texture was a strong point in the denim sector with accentuated ribbed, herringbone or panama weaves. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1776
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