panchayatn.

Brit.

/panˈtʃʌɪət/,

/pʌnˈtʃʌɪət/, U.S.

/pɑnˈtʃaɪət/

Forms: 1700s– panchayet, 1800s panchaeet, 1800s panchait, 1800s panchaut, 1800s panchoet, 1800s punchaet, 1800s punchayut, 1800s punchite, 1800s– panchayat, 1800s– punchayat, 1800s– punchayet, 1900s– panchayant, 1900s– panchyat, 1900s– punchait.

Origin: A borrowing from Hindi. Etymon: Hindi pañcāyat.

Etymology: < Hindi pañcāyat village council, local or caste court (earlier as pañcāit, literally ‘arbitration’; compare Bengali and Marathi pañcāit village council) < a verb meaning ‘to consider, arrange’ (surviving in Bengali as pãcā to consider), probably shortened < Sanskrit prapañcāyati examines in detail.The word was long popularly supposed to have some connection with Sanskrit pañca five adj. (although from the earliest Hindi records there is no indication that there should necessarily be five members), perhaps + āyatta depending on. The fact that it was abbreviated to pañc panch n. (compare punch n.³) may have strengthened this supposition as to its etymology and influenced the modern Hindi spelling pañcāyat, as if < unattested Sanskrit *pañcāyatta.

In South Asia: a group of five or more people which sits as a council or a court of law to decide on matters affecting a village, community, or caste.In India, the panchayat is the most important adjudicating and policy-making agency within a caste, and the village panchayat is the instrument of local government. Nepal's non-party political system based on panchayats was abolished in 1990.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > tribunal or board of assessors or adjudicators > in India

panchayat1778

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > with reference to foreign countries > in South Asia

panchayat1778

jamaat1850

panch1853

parishad1861

sabha1922

samiti1930

1778 J. B. Modi et al. Petition in D. F. Karaka Hist. Parsis (1884) I. v. 219 We most humbly pray that your honour will permit of your petitioners of shaming them [sc. low Parsis] in the Panchayet by beating them with a few shoes.

1805 M. Wilks Rep. Govt. Mysoor 1799 26 The Panchoets are anxious for the examination of collateral facts.

1809 M. Graham Jrnl. Resid. India (1813) 41 The Parsees..are governed by their own panchait, or village council..[it] consists of thirteen of the principal merchants of the sect.

1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. xii. 515 The fullest possible employment of the..village courts, or Panchayats, in the adjudicature of civil suits.

1881 Murray's Handbk. Bombay Presidency (ed. 2) ii. 141/1 In order to see the Towers of Silence, permission must be obtained from the Secretary to the Pársí Pancháyat.

1945 ‘P. Woodruff’ Call Next Witness 14 He was chairman of the village panchayat, the court which could try the smallest local offences.

1965 E. Linton World in Grain of Sand vi. 73 Were all members of the Panchayat present? No. Then send for them!

1996 R. Mistry Fine Balance (1997) v. 218 On the fifth anniversary of the new road, the local punchayet, dominated by a new breed of businessmen and entrepreneurs, organized a small celebration.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

ΚΠ

1890 Times 27 May 13/2 The scheme under consideration appears to me to partake of the nature of the ancient..panchayat system of India.

1963 Economist 23 Nov. 752/1 His [sc. the King of Nepal's] system of ‘panchayat democracy’, an elaborate four-tier edifice of indirect elections.

1987 Blitz (Bombay) 3 Jan. 19/1 You should badger your village panchayat officials into providing you with an open space of your own.

C2.

panchayat raj n. [ < Hindi pañcāyat rāj rule by panchayat < pañcāyat panchayat n. + rāj raj n. 1] (in India) a system of local government by panchayats and council committees (see panchayat samiti n.).

ΚΠ

1956 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 16 19 The Panchayat Raj Act has made the panchayats responsible for important duties and functions.

1990 Deccan Herald (Bangalore) 29 Jan. 3/4 The Minister was quite firm in his decision to bring about a change in the panchayat raj system.

panchayat samiti n. [ < Hindi pañcāyat samiti < pañcāyat panchayat n. + samiti samiti n.] (in India) a council committee, consisting of a number of panchayats.

ΚΠ

1959 Pacific Affairs 32 368 The main responsibility for development should be transferred to a local representative body at the block level, the Panchayat Samiti.

1969 National Herald (New Delhi) 29 July 7/4 Mr. Thana Ram, pradhan of panchayat samiti, has criticised the demotion of education extension officers who have completed five years of service.

2001 Times of India (Nexis) 12 June ‘We all want this school to prosper,’ said Mansoor Ali, a member of the local panchayat samiti.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	panchayat
释义	panchayatn. Brit. /panˈtʃʌɪət/, /pʌnˈtʃʌɪət/, U.S. /pɑnˈtʃaɪət/ Forms: 1700s– panchayet, 1800s panchaeet, 1800s panchait, 1800s panchaut, 1800s panchoet, 1800s punchaet, 1800s punchayut, 1800s punchite, 1800s– panchayat, 1800s– punchayat, 1800s– punchayet, 1900s– panchayant, 1900s– panchyat, 1900s– punchait. Origin: A borrowing from Hindi. Etymon: Hindi pañcāyat. Etymology: < Hindi pañcāyat village council, local or caste court (earlier as pañcāit, literally ‘arbitration’; compare Bengali and Marathi pañcāit village council) < a verb meaning ‘to consider, arrange’ (surviving in Bengali as pãcā to consider), probably shortened < Sanskrit prapañcāyati examines in detail.The word was long popularly supposed to have some connection with Sanskrit pañca five adj. (although from the earliest Hindi records there is no indication that there should necessarily be five members), perhaps + āyatta depending on. The fact that it was abbreviated to pañc panch n. (compare punch n.³) may have strengthened this supposition as to its etymology and influenced the modern Hindi spelling pañcāyat, as if < unattested Sanskrit pañcāyatta. In South Asia: a group of five or more people which sits as a council or a court of law to decide on matters affecting a village, community, or caste.In India, the panchayat is the most important adjudicating and policy-making agency within a caste, and the village panchayat is the instrument of local government. Nepal's non-party political system based on panchayats was abolished in 1990. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > tribunal or board of assessors or adjudicators > in India panchayat1778 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > with reference to foreign countries > in South Asia panchayat1778 jamaat1850 panch1853 parishad1861 sabha1922 samiti1930 1778 J. B. Modi et al. Petition* in D. F. Karaka Hist. Parsis (1884) I. v. 219 We most humbly pray that your honour will permit of your petitioners of shaming them [sc. low Parsis] in the Panchayet by beating them with a few shoes. 1805 M. Wilks Rep. Govt. Mysoor 1799 26 The Panchoets are anxious for the examination of collateral facts. 1809 M. Graham Jrnl. Resid. India (1813) 41 The Parsees..are governed by their own panchait, or village council..[it] consists of thirteen of the principal merchants of the sect. 1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. xii. 515 The fullest possible employment of the..village courts, or Panchayats, in the adjudicature of civil suits. 1881 Murray's Handbk. Bombay Presidency (ed. 2) ii. 141/1 In order to see the Towers of Silence, permission must be obtained from the Secretary to the Pársí Pancháyat. 1945 ‘P. Woodruff’ Call Next Witness 14 He was chairman of the village panchayat, the court which could try the smallest local offences. 1965 E. Linton World in Grain of Sand vi. 73 Were all members of the Panchayat present? No. Then send for them! 1996 R. Mistry Fine Balance (1997) v. 218 On the fifth anniversary of the new road, the local punchayet, dominated by a new breed of businessmen and entrepreneurs, organized a small celebration. Compounds C1. General attributive. ΚΠ 1890 Times 27 May 13/2 The scheme under consideration appears to me to partake of the nature of the ancient..panchayat system of India. 1963 Economist 23 Nov. 752/1 His [sc. the King of Nepal's] system of ‘panchayat democracy’, an elaborate four-tier edifice of indirect elections. 1987 Blitz (Bombay) 3 Jan. 19/1 You should badger your village panchayat officials into providing you with an open space of your own. C2. panchayat raj n. [ < Hindi pañcāyat rāj rule by panchayat < pañcāyat panchayat n. + rāj raj n. 1] (in India) a system of local government by panchayats and council committees (see panchayat samiti n.). ΚΠ 1956 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 16 19 The Panchayat Raj Act has made the panchayats responsible for important duties and functions. 1990 Deccan Herald (Bangalore) 29 Jan. 3/4 The Minister was quite firm in his decision to bring about a change in the panchayat raj system. panchayat samiti n. [ < Hindi pañcāyat samiti < pañcāyat panchayat n. + samiti samiti n.] (in India) a council committee, consisting of a number of panchayats. ΚΠ 1959 Pacific Affairs 32 368 The main responsibility for development should be transferred to a local representative body at the block level, the Panchayat Samiti. 1969 National Herald (New Delhi) 29 July 7/4 Mr. Thana Ram, pradhan of panchayat samiti, has criticised the demotion of education extension officers who have completed five years of service. 2001 Times of India (Nexis) 12 June ‘We all want this school to prosper,’ said Mansoor Ali, a member of the local panchayat samiti. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1778
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