† palfreniern.

Forms: late Middle English palfrener, late Middle English palfrenyer, late Middle English palfreynyer, 1600s palfreueir (transmission error), 1800s palefreneer, 1800s palefrenier, 1800s palfrenier; Scottish pre-1700 paillfurner, pre-1700 palfurneir, pre-1700 palfurner, pre-1700 palfurniour, 1800s palfrenier.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pallefrenier.

Etymology: < Middle French pallefrenier, palfrenier, Middle French, French palefrenier groom (1350), probably < Old Occitan palafrenier (1345) < post-classical Latin palefrenarius , palafrenarius (from 1318 in Occitan sources; c1400 in a British source) < palefrenus , palafrenus (11th cent. in Italian sources; alteration of palefredus , palafredus : see palfrey n. and compare note below) + -arius -ier suffix. Compare Italian palafreniere (1353 as pallafreniere ), Catalan palafrener (1452), Spanish palafrenero (a1516). Compare earlier palfreyman at palfrey n. Compounds.With post-classical Latin palefrenus , palafrenus compare Old Occitan palafren (1225–8), Italian palafreno (13th cent.), Spanish†palafrén (1300), Portuguese palafrém (late 13th cent.); the alteration shown by the Latin form is perhaps after classical Latin frēnum bridle, rein (see fraenum n.). With post-classical Latin palefrenarius, palafrenarius compare earlier paraveredarius serf performing messenger or transport service on horseback (8th cent.), groom (13th cent.; compare also palefridiarius (1359 in a British source)). N.E.D. (1904) gives the pronunciation as (pælfrĕnī^ə·ɹ) /pælfrəˈnɪə(r)/.

Obsolete (archaic in later use).

A person charged with looking after horses; a groom.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [noun] > keeper or manager > groom

palfreyman1297

horse-knavec1300

palfreyour1301

hostlera1450

ostlerc1449

stable groomc1485

palfrenier1490

equerry1552

jack-boy1562

horse-boy1563

custrel1577

ostleress1639

saddle nag1647

syce1650

groom1667

pad-groom1743

stable-boy1745

stableman1745

mehtar1828

strapper1828

lad1848

stable-lad1856

mafoo1863

ostler boy1864

swipe1929

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) x. 257 Mawgys sayd to y^e palfreynyer that kepte bayerde, ‘frende, goo & set the sadell vpon bayerde’... ‘Syr,’ sayd y^e palfrenyer, ‘I may not doo it.’

1538 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 421 v sadillis..with all furnessing to iii pages and ii paillfurneris.

1590–1 in G. P. McNeill Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1903) XXII. 119 For the expensis of thair majesteis stabill..and for lakais palfurneris waigis.

1614 Maske of Flowers sig. B3 Presently entred Silenus..mounted vpon an artificiall Asse..attended by a Satyre for his Palfreueir, who led the Asse.

1820 W. Scott Monastery III. x. 254 A legion of godless lacqueys, and palfreniers, and horse-boys.

1863 G. A. Sala Strange Adventures Capt. Dangerous II. iv. 147 Palefreneers littered him down with straw, as though he had been a Horse.

1895 A. Lang tr. Monk of Fife 43 Though they seemed folks well to see in the world, they were not, methought, of noble blood, nor had they with them any company of palfreniers or archers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	palfrenier
释义	† palfreniern. Forms: late Middle English palfrener, late Middle English palfrenyer, late Middle English palfreynyer, 1600s palfreueir (transmission error), 1800s palefreneer, 1800s palefrenier, 1800s palfrenier; Scottish pre-1700 paillfurner, pre-1700 palfurneir, pre-1700 palfurner, pre-1700 palfurniour, 1800s palfrenier. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pallefrenier. Etymology: < Middle French pallefrenier, palfrenier, Middle French, French palefrenier groom (1350), probably < Old Occitan palafrenier (1345) < post-classical Latin palefrenarius , palafrenarius (from 1318 in Occitan sources; c1400 in a British source) < palefrenus , palafrenus (11th cent. in Italian sources; alteration of palefredus , palafredus : see palfrey n. and compare note below) + -arius -ier suffix. Compare Italian palafreniere (1353 as pallafreniere ), Catalan palafrener (1452), Spanish palafrenero (a1516). Compare earlier palfreyman at palfrey n. Compounds.With post-classical Latin palefrenus , palafrenus compare Old Occitan palafren (1225–8), Italian palafreno (13th cent.), Spanish†palafrén (1300), Portuguese palafrém (late 13th cent.); the alteration shown by the Latin form is perhaps after classical Latin frēnum bridle, rein (see fraenum n.). With post-classical Latin palefrenarius, palafrenarius compare earlier paraveredarius serf performing messenger or transport service on horseback (8th cent.), groom (13th cent.; compare also palefridiarius (1359 in a British source)). N.E.D. (1904) gives the pronunciation as (pælfrĕnī^ə·ɹ) /pælfrəˈnɪə(r)/. Obsolete (archaic in later use). A person charged with looking after horses; a groom. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [noun] > keeper or manager > groom palfreyman1297 horse-knavec1300 palfreyour1301 hostlera1450 ostlerc1449 stable groomc1485 palfrenier1490 equerry1552 jack-boy1562 horse-boy1563 custrel1577 ostleress1639 saddle nag1647 syce1650 groom1667 pad-groom1743 stable-boy1745 stableman1745 mehtar1828 strapper1828 lad1848 stable-lad1856 mafoo1863 ostler boy1864 swipe1929 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) x. 257 Mawgys sayd to y^e palfreynyer that kepte bayerde, ‘frende, goo & set the sadell vpon bayerde’... ‘Syr,’ sayd y^e palfrenyer, ‘I may not doo it.’ 1538 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 421 v sadillis..with all furnessing to iii pages and ii paillfurneris. 1590–1 in G. P. McNeill Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1903) XXII. 119 For the expensis of thair majesteis stabill..and for lakais palfurneris waigis. 1614 Maske of Flowers sig. B3 Presently entred Silenus..mounted vpon an artificiall Asse..attended by a Satyre for his Palfreueir, who led the Asse. 1820 W. Scott Monastery III. x. 254 A legion of godless lacqueys, and palfreniers, and horse-boys. 1863 G. A. Sala Strange Adventures Capt. Dangerous II. iv. 147 Palefreneers littered him down with straw, as though he had been a Horse. 1895 A. Lang tr. Monk of Fife 43 Though they seemed folks well to see in the world, they were not, methought, of noble blood, nor had they with them any company of palfreniers or archers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1490
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