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单词 palfrey
释义

palfreyn.

Brit. /ˈpɔːlfri/, /ˈpɒlfri/, U.S. /ˈpɔlfri/, /ˈpɑlfri/
Forms: Middle English palefrai, Middle English palefray, Middle English palefrei, Middle English palefrey, Middle English palefrie, Middle English palferay, Middle English palfere, Middle English palferey, Middle English palfra, Middle English palfrai, Middle English palfroy, Middle English paplefrai (transmission error), Middle English–1500s palfrei, Middle English–1500s paulfrey, Middle English–1600s palfray, Middle English–1600s palfraye, Middle English–1600s palfreye, Middle English– palfrey, 1500s pallfray, 1500s pawlfre, 1500s pawlfreye, 1500s–1600s palfraie, 1500s–1600s palfreie, 1500s–1600s palfrie, 1600s palefroy, 1600s palfery, 1600s palfry, 1600s palphrie, 1700s palphry; Scottish pre-1700 palfra, pre-1700 palfray, pre-1700 pallefray, pre-1700 palphrais (plural), 1700s– palfrey. N.E.D. (1904) also records forms Middle English palfraie, Middle English palfre, Middle English palfreie.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French palefrai.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman palefrai, palefrie, palfrai, palfré, palfrei, Anglo-Norman and Old French palefrei, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French palefroi, Middle French palefroy (French palefroi ) horse for travelling (c1100 in Old French), horse for a lady (c1180 in Old French) < post-classical Latin palafredus , palafridus , palefredus , palefridus , palfredus horse for travelling, post-horse (frequently from late 11th cent. in British and continental sources), alteration (with dissimilation of liquid consonants) of parafredus , paravredus , parefredus , parefridus (8th cent.), shortened (frequently with devoicing of v , perhaps after classical Latin frēnum : compare note s.v. palfrenier n.) < paraveredus (4th cent.) < classical Latin para- beside, extra (see para- prefix1) + classical Latin verēdus light horse, fast horse, in post-classical Latin also post-horse, horse for travelling (4th cent.; < a Gaulish word cognate with Welsh gorwydd steed < the Indo-European base of hypo- prefix + the Indo-European base of ride v.), probably after Byzantine Greek πάριππος post-horse (see note below). Compare Old Occitan palafre , palafrei (first half of the 12th cent.), Spanish †palafré (1207), Catalan palafrè (1249), and also the Romance forms cited s.v. palfrenier n.Post-classical Latin paraveredus may have arisen in the northern Balkans, where Greek and Latin came into contact. Compare Byzantine Greek βέρεδος post-horse, βερεδάριος groom (both 6th cent.) < post-classical Latin veredus , veredarius (compare palfrenier n.). The post-classical Latin word was also borrowed into the continental West Germanic languages, in which it became the usual word for ‘horse’, compare Middle Dutch pērt (Dutch paard), Old Saxon palafrith, (in compounds) pereth, perth (Middle Low German pērt, German regional (Low German) Peerd, Perd), Old High German pfarifrit, palafrid (Middle High German pferfrit, pferit, phert, German Pferd). Apparently attested earlier as a surname: Thomas Palefrei (1212), although it is unclear whether this is to be interpreted as reflecting the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word. N.E.D. (1904) gives the pronunciation as (pǭ·lfri, pæ·l-) /ˈpɔːlfrɪ/ /ˈpæl-/.
Now chiefly archaic.
A horse for ordinary riding (as distinct from a warhorse); esp. a small saddle horse for a woman. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > for riding > palfrey or trained to carry lady
palfreya1225
lady's horse1786
lady's hunter1793
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 5 (MED) He mihte ridan..on riche stede and palefrai.
a1275 Body & Soul (Trin. Cambr. B.14.39) l. 15 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 116 Þer [read Wer] is þi muchele prute, þi weir & þi gris, þine palefreis [a1350 Harl. 2253 palefries], þine steden, þi werre porepris?
a1300 Passion our Lord 67 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 39 (MED) Ne hedde he none robe of fowe ne of gray, Ne he nedde stede ne no palefray.
c1387–95 G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. 207 His palfrey was as broun as is a berye.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 69 A damesel..com rydynge, full faste as the horse myght dryve, on a fayre palferey.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 260 (MED) Thei lefte theire palfreyes and lepe vpon stedes covered in maile.
a1547 King Henry VIII in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. II. 32 Some faire white, or white gray palfreies, or geldings.
1596 C. Middleton Hist. Heaven l. 512 But he intending for to shape a course With his winged Palfray vp vnto the skies, Amidst his iourney tumbles from his horse.
a1627 A. Craig Pilgrime & Heremite (1631) l. 646 Downe lighted that Dame, Companied with none, but her Palfray and Page.
1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love i. ii. 11 There the Palfray curvets and bounds, and in short entertains 'em for his Master.
1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth IV. 10 A Palphry Proud, prick'd up with Pride, Went prancing on the Way.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. v. 92 He is sometimes a mighty prince (dreams then make me a perfect romancer) and I am a damsel in distress. The milk-white palfrey once came in.
1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain ii. xiv. 74 A Maiden, on a palfrey white.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 7 [He] shook his drowsy squire awake and cried, ‘My charger and her palfrey.’
1914 C. Porter Compl. Lyrics (1983) 24 I've a palfrey, waiting all free, champing at the bit for thee.
2001 Guardian (Nexis) 7 Nov. 18 A messenger crossing 12th century Britain on a palfrey would probably do the job quicker than some of today's firms with their emails and mobiles.

Compounds

General attributive, esp. in palfreyman.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [noun] > keeper or manager > groom
palfreyman1297
horse-knavec1300
palfreyour1301
hostlera1450
ostlerc1449
stable groomc1485
palfrenier1490
equerry1552
jack-boy1562
horse-boy1563
custrel1577
ostleress1639
saddle nag1647
syce1650
groom1667
pad-groom1743
stable-boy1745
stableman1745
mehtar1828
strapper1828
lad1848
stable-lad1856
mafoo1863
ostler boy1864
swipe1929
1297 in W. P. W. Phillimore Placita Coram Rege (1898) 263 Ricardus le Palfreyman.
1360–1 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 562 (MED) Perot, palfraypage Prioris, 2 s.
1371 in J. Raine Inventories & Acct. Rolls Benedictine Houses Jarrow & Monk-Wearmouth (1854) 59 (MED) In reparacione ij sellarum monachorum, scilicet somirsadill et palfraysadill, xviij s. viij d.
c1432 in PMLA (1934) 49 454 (MED) Þere I called Iak Stabull, palfray mon of þis seyd Abbot Thomas.
c1475 Mankind (1969) 251 (MED) And ȝe were þe kyngys palfreyman, A goode horse xulde be gesumme.
1502 Will Ep. Cicest. (Somerset Ho.) Soluendum post decessum meas domino Regi debitas pro le palfray money.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 251/1 Palfrayman, palefronier.
?1573 H. Cheke tr. F. Negri Freewyl i. iii. 24 The Emperour, yf he be present, must holde his horse by the brydle, & stand next to his Palfreymen.
a1849 E. Elliott Poet. Wks. (1876) II. ii. 241 Palfreyman! hither, with toil-strengthen'd frame.
2003 Coventry Evening Tel. (Nexis) 19 Apr. 23 He set her on a palfrey steed, and to England came with speed.

Derivatives

palfreyed adj. Obsolete provided with or riding on a palfrey.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > rider > [adjective] > riding on a palfrey
palfreyed1713
1713 T. Tickell On Prospect of Peace in Poems 3 The bard, that tells Of Palfrey'd Dames, bold Knights, and Magic Spells.
1871 L. Colange Zell's Pop. Encycl. 551/3 Palfreyed, mounted on a palfrey.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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