pao-chian.

Brit.

/ˌpaʊtʃɪˈɑː/, U.S.

/ˌpaʊˌtʃiˈɑ/

Forms: 1900s– bao-chia, 1900s– baojia Brit.

/baʊdʒɪˈɑː/, U.S.

/ˌbaʊˌdʒiˈɑ/, 1900s– pao chea, 1900s– pao-chia.

Origin: A borrowing from Chinese. Etymons: Chinese bǎojiǎ, pao chia.

Etymology: < Chinese bǎojiǎ (Wade-Giles transcription pao chia) < bǎo unit of one hundred households + jiǎ unit of ten households.In the traditional system used during the Qing dynasty, a bǎo was a unit of a thousand households and a jiǎ was a unit of one hundred households.

In China: a system of local government in which households are organized into groups, each group being responsible collectively for the actions of its members.Ten households constitute a jia and ten jia a bao. The system was set up by the Kuomintang government in the late 1920s in imitation of one instituted in imperial China. In the traditional systems there were other units as well; at each level a person was appointed to take responsibility for the unit.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [noun] > other types of civilizations or cultures

economy1535

patriarchy1868

by-world1872

Western world1894

overworld1895

open society1911

pao-chia1931

closed society1935

plural society1939

technopolis1946

shame culture1947

19841951

Hollerith1957

metaculture1959

underground1959

permissive society1960

caring society1966

technocomplex1968

microsociety1970

overground1971

Manhattanism1978

1931 H. F. Macnair China in Revol. xi. 181 One of the means now adopted for the improvement of conditions in the many thousands of villages, in which practically the whole non-urban element in China lives, is that of the pao-chia.

1937 E. Snow Red Star over China ii. i. 50 The pao-chia system, an ancient method of controlling the peasantry..is now being widely imposed..by the Kuomintang in China and the Japanese in Manchukuo.

1979 Asian Surv. 19 861 neighborhood and street committees were created by the city authorities in the 1950s as an extension of the pre-revolutionary baojia systems.

1995 Amer. Hist. Rev. 100 1645/2 The oligarchs used the corporationalist groupings..to speed their plans and orders downward from the state center through district, village and pao-chia.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pao-chia
释义	pao-chian. Brit. /ˌpaʊtʃɪˈɑː/, U.S. /ˌpaʊˌtʃiˈɑ/ Forms: 1900s– bao-chia, 1900s– baojia Brit. /baʊdʒɪˈɑː/, U.S. /ˌbaʊˌdʒiˈɑ/, 1900s– pao chea, 1900s– pao-chia. Origin: A borrowing from Chinese. Etymons: Chinese bǎojiǎ, pao chia. Etymology: < Chinese bǎojiǎ (Wade-Giles transcription pao chia) < bǎo unit of one hundred households + jiǎ unit of ten households.In the traditional system used during the Qing dynasty, a bǎo was a unit of a thousand households and a jiǎ was a unit of one hundred households. In China: a system of local government in which households are organized into groups, each group being responsible collectively for the actions of its members.Ten households constitute a jia and ten jia a bao. The system was set up by the Kuomintang government in the late 1920s in imitation of one instituted in imperial China. In the traditional systems there were other units as well; at each level a person was appointed to take responsibility for the unit. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [noun] > other types of civilizations or cultures economy1535 patriarchy1868 by-world1872 Western world1894 overworld1895 open society1911 pao-chia1931 closed society1935 plural society1939 technopolis1946 shame culture1947 19841951 Hollerith1957 metaculture1959 underground1959 permissive society1960 caring society1966 technocomplex1968 microsociety1970 overground1971 Manhattanism1978 1931 H. F. Macnair China in Revol. xi. 181 One of the means now adopted for the improvement of conditions in the many thousands of villages, in which practically the whole non-urban element in China lives, is that of the pao-chia. 1937 E. Snow Red Star over China ii. i. 50 The pao-chia system, an ancient method of controlling the peasantry..is now being widely imposed..by the Kuomintang in China and the Japanese in Manchukuo. 1979 Asian Surv. 19 861 neighborhood and street committees were created by the city authorities in the 1950s as an extension of the pre-revolutionary baojia systems. 1995 Amer. Hist. Rev. 100 1645/2 The oligarchs used the corporationalist groupings..to speed their plans and orders downward from the state center through district, village and pao-chia. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1931
随便看	lapsystem laptable laptea laptenter lapthing laptop laptop battery laptop screen laptop user laptops lapunyah lapunyah tree laputan laputically lapweld lapwelded lapwing lapwing stratagem lapwing-gull lapwing-like lapwinggull lapwinglike lapwings lapwork lapyard