pangan.¹

Brit.

/ˈpaŋɡə/,

/ˈpɑːŋɡə/, U.S.

/ˈpɑŋɡə/

Forms: 1800s bongo, 1900s– panga, 1900s– ponga, 1900s– pongo.

Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish panga.

Etymology: < American Spanish panga boat, launch (1942 or earlier), of unknown origin.

Any of various boats of Central and northern South America, chiefly used for fishing; spec. a flat-bottomed Mexican boat with a rising bow, now usually powered by an outboard motor.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > flat-bottomed boat > [noun] > types of

sedge-boat1336

shout1395

scout1419

pink1471

punt-boatc1500

palander1524

pram1531

punt1556

bark1598

sword-pink1614

pont1631

schuit1666

pontoon1681

bateau1711

battoe1711

flight1769

scow1780

keel-boat1786

ferry flat1805

ark1809

panga1811

mackinaw boat1812

mudboat1824

pinkie1840

mackinaw1842

sharpie1860

sculling float1874

pass-boat1875

sled1884

scow sloop1885

sharp1891

johnboat1894

ballahoo1902

pram1929

goelette1948

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels propelled by oars or poles > [noun] > rowing boat > other types of rowing boat

coblec950

row barge1466

bark1477

rowing barge1548

galley1570

caïque1625

catur1653

dory1726

skiff1793

dinghy1810

panga1811

dinghy1818

randan1838

dragon boat1846

guinea-boat1867

drive boat1879

pea pod1884

in-rigger1893

pointer1901

sandolo1928

1811 J. Black tr. A. von Humboldt Polit. Ess. New Spain I. 35 These sinuosities..afford a counter current, by means of which the small vessels called bongos..ascend the [Chagre] river.

1859 Harper's Mag. Jan. 149/2 Two steamboats of very light draught were dispatched to Chagres for the navigation of the river... It was impossible to make use of these boats,..and..even the native bongoes and canoes were capable of the service only by great labor.

1927 G. Bradford Gloss. Sea Terms 124/2 Panga, a flat-bottomed rowboat of Central America.

1948 R. de Kerchove Internat. Maritime Dict. 517/1 Panga, a dug-out canoe from Panama, double-ended with rising stem and stern. These craft are about 18 ft. long by 4 ft. 6 in. wide and are cut out of one cedar log.

1971 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 4 July 15/3 The reds and greens and yellows of the double-ended pongas which the lobster and bonito fishermen took far out to sea.

1993 N.Y. Times 28 Nov. v. 13/1 We made a circuit of the 10 most interesting Galápagos islands... We would anchor, rise at dawn, and take the dinghy (called a panga) to some new island full of antediluvian reptiles and birds.

1995 Texas Monthly Dec. 70 Our boatmen..are always careful to keep the pangas away from the mating whales.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pangan.²

Brit.

/ˈpaŋɡə/, U.S.

/ˈpæŋɡə/

Forms:

α. 1900s– panga.

β. In sense 1 also 1900s– pangas, 1900s– pangash.

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Afrikaans. Probably partly a borrowing from Latin. Probably partly a borrowing from Bengali. Etymons: Latin Pangasius; Bengali pāṅāś; Afrikaans panga.

Etymology: In sense 1 probably < pangas- (in scientific Latin Pangasius, genus name ( Cuvier and A. Valenciennes Hist. naturelle des poissons (1840) XV. v. 45) and specific epithet ( F. Hamilton (formerly F. Buchanan) Acct. Fishes River Ganges (1822) 163)) and its etymon Bengali pāṅāś, †pāṅās mud-coloured fish, ultimately < Sanskrit paṅka mud + -āś , rare suffix, here denoting an animal of the specified colour. In sense 2 < Afrikaans panga (1705 in South African Dutch), of uncertain origin; perhaps ultimately < the same Indic base as sense 1 (but see note below).The name Pangasius buchanani of Cuvier and Valenciennes was introduced to replace Pimelodus pangasius of Hamilton (Buchanan); both names denote the same fish. In sense 1 the form panga probably results from a misinterpretation of pangas as a plural form. The form pangash reflects the pronunciation of Bengali pāṅāś . For sense 2, a Malay origin has been suggested (see 1902 at sense 2), but the existence of Malay *ikan pangarang ( < ikan fish + pangeran prince: see pangeran n.), cannot now be confirmed. Compare the following passage from Valentijn, which quot. 1902 at sense 2 is referring to:1726 F. Valentijn Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën III. 503/2 No. 504. Geeft ons den Ikan Pangerang, dat is, de Pangerang, of de Prins te zien... Het heeft in den bek een Citroen-geele, een blaeuwe, en Purpere groote tand, als een doorn, voor uitsteken.[No. 504 shows us the Ikan Pangerang, that is, the Pangerang, or the Prince... It has in its mouth a lemon-yellow, a blue, and a large purple tooth, sticking out forward like a thorn.]

1. Any of several edible freshwater catfishes of the Asian genus Pangasius (family Pangasiidae), native to the Mekong basin and extensively farmed there and elsewhere; esp. the iridescent shark, P. hypophthalmus.These fish have been promoted in Britain as an environmentally sustainable alternative to cod.

ΚΠ

1877 W. W. Hunter Statist. Acct. Bengal XV. 30 The most common fishes found in the rivers of Monghyr District are..pangas (Pangasius Buchanani or Pimelodus pangash), [etc.].

1924 Mem. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 8 223 The lower edge of the net is turned up to form a rough fold or pocket in which the fish are imprisoned. This method is used chiefly to catch hilsa and pangas (Pangasius pangasius).

1998 Independent (Dhaka) (Nexis) 23 Dec. Commercial culture of Thai Pangas in the ponds started in Bangladesh in 1995... Now there are more than 50 commercial farms growing pangas fish in the country.

2002 M. A. Aziz & M. A. Hossain in T. Petr & S. B. Swar Cold Water Fisheries Trans-Himalayan Countries iv. 335 Among those common carp, pangash, tilapia, silver carp..and bighead carp are an important component of merketed fish.

2007 Evening Chron. (Newcastle) (Nexis) 4 Aug. 24 Cod stocks are low... This has led to many fish and chip shops introducing alternatives such as panga. Panga tastes very much like cod and is being farmed so it is sustainable and tasty.

2. South African. Either of two marine fishes: (a) a reddish sea bream, Pterogymnus laniarius (family Sparidae), a common food fish confined to South African waters; (b) the torpedo scad, Megalaspis cordyla (family Carangidae), widespread in the Indo-Pacific (rare).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Sparidae (sea-breams) > [noun] > member of (sea-bream)

baleenc1185

sea-bream1530

old wife1585

pargo1589

ruffle1601

sargon1601

sargus1605

sea-liver1611

ruffe1647

silver-fish1703

porgy1725

brassem1731

red gilt-head1776

sparoid1842

panga1902

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Scombroidei (mackerel) > [noun] > family Carangidae (scads)

panga1902

1902 Trans. S. Afr. Philol. Soc. 11 218 Valentyn in his ‘Old and New East Indies’ mentions a fish which the natives called Ikan Pangerang or Pangarang (literally, prince) which seems to bear some resemblance to the Cape Panga, more especially in its having the protruding teeth.

1945 Cape Argus 20 Oct. (Mag.) 1 Often we hooked two together—silverfish, panga, stompneus, elft.

1972 L. G. Green When Journey's Over (1973) 148 Hotel-keepers went to Agmat for Cape Salmon, butterfish and panga.

1993 R. van der Elst Guide Common Sea Fishes Southern Afr. (ed. 3) 363/2 The panga is very important to the trawling industry, especially in the coastal waters off Port Elizabeth.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pangan.³

Brit.

/ˈpaŋɡə/, U.S.

/ˈpæŋɡə/

Origin: A borrowing from Swahili. Etymon: Swahili panga.

Etymology: < Swahili panga.

Esp. in East Africa and South Africa: a large, heavy knife with a long, broad blade, used for cutting undergrowth and firewood or as a weapon.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > knife > [noun] > large knife

panade1340

whittle1404

colknyfea1500

butcher's knife1557

gully1582

gully-knife1725

whittle-knife1736

cane knife1798

wood-knife1880

panga1929

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > knife or dagger > [noun] > types of

anlacec1300

misericord1324

bodkin1386

baselardc1390

popperc1390

wood-knife1426

spudc1440

pavade1477

bistoury1490

skene1527

dudgeon1548

sword dagger1567

machete1575

kris1589

bum dagger1596

stillado1607

stiletto1611

steelet1616

hanjar1621

pisaa1640

jockteleg1642

khanjar1684

bayonet1692

kuttar1696

parazonium1751

skene-ochles1754

scalping-knife1759

snick-a-snee1760

manchette1762

snickersnee1775

guard-dagger1786

boarding knife1807

scalp-knife1807

kukri1811

skene-dhu1811

parang1820

stylet1820

belt knife1831

bowie-knife1836

scalper1837

sheath-knife1837

toothpick1837

tumbok lada1839

snick-and-snee knife1843

tickler1844

bowie1846

toad-sticker1858

simi1860

scramasax1862

kinjal1863

left-hander1869

main gauche1869

aikuchi1875

tanto1885

toad-stabber1885

cinquedea1897

trench knife1898

puukko1925

panga1929

quillon dagger1950

flick-knife1957

ratchet knife1966

sai1973

ratchet1975

1929 Geogr. Jrnl. 74 35 With six porters carrying axes, pangas, spades, and food.

1952 Time 3 Nov. 36 Once pooh~poohed as mere ‘press exaggeration’, the Mau Mau have already mutilated scores of whites and ‘loyal’ blacks, with their favorite weapon, the panga—a long, machete-like knife.

1964 C. Willock Enormous Zoo viii. 138 African butchers sharpened their pangas on stone.

1994 H. Holland Born in Soweto i. 20 Hooded murderers wielding pangas, axes and guns for undeclared political motives.

2018 News24 (S. Afr.) (Electronic ed.) 30 May A 52-year-old man had been arrested after he allegedly used a panga to attack his son-in-law at the Mugg and Bean restaurant.

Compounds

General attributive.

panga gang n.

ΚΠ

1969 Daily Tel. 28 Oct. 16 An African Presbyterian Minister was killed by a panga gang for refusing to take Kikuyu tribal oaths.

2000 Africa News (Nexis) 10 Dec. (News section) At Park Hotel a five man panga gang forcefully entered and harassed patrons.

panga knife n.

ΚΠ

1953 Time 12 Jan. 26/1 There was a noise at the door, a shout, and a gang of Mau Mau thugs, led by the ranch's male cook, burst into the living room, brandishing panga knives.

2003 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 13 July vi. 33/1 He worked for the forestry department, slashing away underbrush with his panga knife.

panga man n.

ΚΠ

1968 Post (Durban) 17 Nov. 9 Natal's panga man has moved south and struck again.

1998 Africa News (Nexis) 22 May (News section) The mentally disturbed pangaman was unhurt and standing when the two young men arrived and started their attack.

panga war n.

ΚΠ

1952 Time 10 Nov. 38/3 The pangas seemed symbolic last week, for Kenya Colony, the brightest jewel in Britain's East African Empire, is bleeding badly in a panga war.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1811

n.²1877

n.³1929

单词	panga
释义	pangan.¹ Brit. /ˈpaŋɡə/, /ˈpɑːŋɡə/, U.S. /ˈpɑŋɡə/ Forms: 1800s bongo, 1900s– panga, 1900s– ponga, 1900s– pongo. Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish panga. Etymology: < American Spanish panga boat, launch (1942 or earlier), of unknown origin. Any of various boats of Central and northern South America, chiefly used for fishing; spec. a flat-bottomed Mexican boat with a rising bow, now usually powered by an outboard motor. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > flat-bottomed boat > [noun] > types of sedge-boat1336 shout1395 scout1419 pink1471 punt-boatc1500 palander1524 pram1531 punt1556 bark1598 sword-pink1614 pont1631 schuit1666 pontoon1681 bateau1711 battoe1711 flight1769 scow1780 keel-boat1786 ferry flat1805 ark1809 panga1811 mackinaw boat1812 mudboat1824 pinkie1840 mackinaw1842 sharpie1860 sculling float1874 pass-boat1875 sled1884 scow sloop1885 sharp1891 johnboat1894 ballahoo1902 pram1929 goelette1948 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels propelled by oars or poles > [noun] > rowing boat > other types of rowing boat coblec950 row barge1466 bark1477 rowing barge1548 galley1570 caïque1625 catur1653 dory1726 skiff1793 dinghy1810 panga1811 dinghy1818 randan1838 dragon boat1846 guinea-boat1867 drive boat1879 pea pod1884 in-rigger1893 pointer1901 sandolo1928 1811 J. Black tr. A. von Humboldt Polit. Ess. New Spain I. 35 These sinuosities..afford a counter current, by means of which the small vessels called bongos..ascend the [Chagre] river. 1859 Harper's Mag. Jan. 149/2 Two steamboats of very light draught were dispatched to Chagres for the navigation of the river... It was impossible to make use of these boats,..and..even the native bongoes and canoes were capable of the service only by great labor. 1927 G. Bradford Gloss. Sea Terms 124/2 Panga, a flat-bottomed rowboat of Central America. 1948 R. de Kerchove Internat. Maritime Dict. 517/1 Panga, a dug-out canoe from Panama, double-ended with rising stem and stern. These craft are about 18 ft. long by 4 ft. 6 in. wide and are cut out of one cedar log. 1971 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 4 July 15/3 The reds and greens and yellows of the double-ended pongas which the lobster and bonito fishermen took far out to sea. 1993 N.Y. Times 28 Nov. v. 13/1 We made a circuit of the 10 most interesting Galápagos islands... We would anchor, rise at dawn, and take the dinghy (called a panga) to some new island full of antediluvian reptiles and birds. 1995 Texas Monthly Dec. 70 Our boatmen..are always careful to keep the pangas away from the mating whales. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pangan.² Brit. /ˈpaŋɡə/, U.S. /ˈpæŋɡə/ Forms: α. 1900s– panga. β. In sense 1 also 1900s– pangas, 1900s– pangash. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Afrikaans. Probably partly a borrowing from Latin. Probably partly a borrowing from Bengali. Etymons: Latin Pangasius; Bengali pāṅāś; Afrikaans panga. Etymology: In sense 1 probably < pangas- (in scientific Latin Pangasius, genus name ( Cuvier and A. Valenciennes Hist. naturelle des poissons (1840) XV. v. 45) and specific epithet ( F. Hamilton (formerly F. Buchanan) Acct. Fishes River Ganges (1822) 163)) and its etymon Bengali pāṅāś, †pāṅās mud-coloured fish, ultimately < Sanskrit paṅka mud + -āś , rare suffix, here denoting an animal of the specified colour. In sense 2 < Afrikaans panga (1705 in South African Dutch), of uncertain origin; perhaps ultimately < the same Indic base as sense 1 (but see note below).The name Pangasius buchanani of Cuvier and Valenciennes was introduced to replace Pimelodus pangasius of Hamilton (Buchanan); both names denote the same fish. In sense 1 the form panga probably results from a misinterpretation of pangas as a plural form. The form pangash reflects the pronunciation of Bengali pāṅāś . For sense 2, a Malay origin has been suggested (see 1902 at sense 2), but the existence of Malay ikan pangarang ( < ikan* fish + pangeran prince: see pangeran n.), cannot now be confirmed. Compare the following passage from Valentijn, which quot. 1902 at sense 2 is referring to:1726 F. Valentijn Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën III. 503/2 No. 504. Geeft ons den Ikan Pangerang, dat is, de Pangerang, of de Prins te zien... Het heeft in den bek een Citroen-geele, een blaeuwe, en Purpere groote tand, als een doorn, voor uitsteken.[No. 504 shows us the Ikan Pangerang, that is, the Pangerang, or the Prince... It has in its mouth a lemon-yellow, a blue, and a large purple tooth, sticking out forward like a thorn.] 1. Any of several edible freshwater catfishes of the Asian genus Pangasius (family Pangasiidae), native to the Mekong basin and extensively farmed there and elsewhere; esp. the iridescent shark, P. hypophthalmus.These fish have been promoted in Britain as an environmentally sustainable alternative to cod. ΚΠ 1877 W. W. Hunter Statist. Acct. Bengal XV. 30 The most common fishes found in the rivers of Monghyr District are..pangas (Pangasius Buchanani or Pimelodus pangash), [etc.]. 1924 Mem. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 8 223 The lower edge of the net is turned up to form a rough fold or pocket in which the fish are imprisoned. This method is used chiefly to catch hilsa and pangas (Pangasius pangasius). 1998 Independent (Dhaka) (Nexis) 23 Dec. Commercial culture of Thai Pangas in the ponds started in Bangladesh in 1995... Now there are more than 50 commercial farms growing pangas fish in the country. 2002 M. A. Aziz & M. A. Hossain in T. Petr & S. B. Swar Cold Water Fisheries Trans-Himalayan Countries iv. 335 Among those common carp, pangash, tilapia, silver carp..and bighead carp are an important component of merketed fish. 2007 Evening Chron. (Newcastle) (Nexis) 4 Aug. 24 Cod stocks are low... This has led to many fish and chip shops introducing alternatives such as panga. Panga tastes very much like cod and is being farmed so it is sustainable and tasty. 2. South African. Either of two marine fishes: (a) a reddish sea bream, Pterogymnus laniarius (family Sparidae), a common food fish confined to South African waters; (b) the torpedo scad, Megalaspis cordyla (family Carangidae), widespread in the Indo-Pacific (rare). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Sparidae (sea-breams) > [noun] > member of (sea-bream) baleenc1185 sea-bream1530 old wife1585 pargo1589 ruffle1601 sargon1601 sargus1605 sea-liver1611 ruffe1647 silver-fish1703 porgy1725 brassem1731 red gilt-head1776 sparoid1842 panga1902 the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Scombroidei (mackerel) > [noun] > family Carangidae (scads) panga1902 1902 Trans. S. Afr. Philol. Soc. 11 218 Valentyn in his ‘Old and New East Indies’ mentions a fish which the natives called Ikan Pangerang or Pangarang (literally, prince) which seems to bear some resemblance to the Cape Panga, more especially in its having the protruding teeth. 1945 Cape Argus 20 Oct. (Mag.) 1 Often we hooked two together—silverfish, panga, stompneus, elft. 1972 L. G. Green When Journey's Over (1973) 148 Hotel-keepers went to Agmat for Cape Salmon, butterfish and panga. 1993 R. van der Elst Guide Common Sea Fishes Southern Afr. (ed. 3) 363/2 The panga is very important to the trawling industry, especially in the coastal waters off Port Elizabeth. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pangan.³ Brit. /ˈpaŋɡə/, U.S. /ˈpæŋɡə/ Origin: A borrowing from Swahili. Etymon: Swahili panga. Etymology: < Swahili panga. Esp. in East Africa and South Africa: a large, heavy knife with a long, broad blade, used for cutting undergrowth and firewood or as a weapon. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > knife > [noun] > large knife panade1340 whittle1404 colknyfea1500 butcher's knife1557 gully1582 gully-knife1725 whittle-knife1736 cane knife1798 wood-knife1880 panga1929 society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > knife or dagger > [noun] > types of anlacec1300 misericord1324 bodkin1386 baselardc1390 popperc1390 wood-knife1426 spudc1440 pavade1477 bistoury1490 skene1527 dudgeon1548 sword dagger1567 machete1575 kris1589 bum dagger1596 stillado1607 stiletto1611 steelet1616 hanjar1621 pisaa1640 jockteleg1642 khanjar1684 bayonet1692 kuttar1696 parazonium1751 skene-ochles1754 scalping-knife1759 snick-a-snee1760 manchette1762 snickersnee1775 guard-dagger1786 boarding knife1807 scalp-knife1807 kukri1811 skene-dhu1811 parang1820 stylet1820 belt knife1831 bowie-knife1836 scalper1837 sheath-knife1837 toothpick1837 tumbok lada1839 snick-and-snee knife1843 tickler1844 bowie1846 toad-sticker1858 simi1860 scramasax1862 kinjal1863 left-hander1869 main gauche1869 aikuchi1875 tanto1885 toad-stabber1885 cinquedea1897 trench knife1898 puukko1925 panga1929 quillon dagger1950 flick-knife1957 ratchet knife1966 sai1973 ratchet1975 1929 Geogr. Jrnl. 74 35 With six porters carrying axes, pangas, spades, and food. 1952 Time 3 Nov. 36 Once pooh~poohed as mere ‘press exaggeration’, the Mau Mau have already mutilated scores of whites and ‘loyal’ blacks, with their favorite weapon, the panga—a long, machete-like knife. 1964 C. Willock Enormous Zoo viii. 138 African butchers sharpened their pangas on stone. 1994 H. Holland Born in Soweto i. 20 Hooded murderers wielding pangas, axes and guns for undeclared political motives. 2018 News24 (S. Afr.) (Electronic ed.) 30 May A 52-year-old man had been arrested after he allegedly used a panga to attack his son-in-law at the Mugg and Bean restaurant. Compounds General attributive. panga gang n. ΚΠ 1969 Daily Tel. 28 Oct. 16 An African Presbyterian Minister was killed by a panga gang for refusing to take Kikuyu tribal oaths. 2000 Africa News (Nexis) 10 Dec. (News section) At Park Hotel a five man panga gang forcefully entered and harassed patrons. panga knife n. ΚΠ 1953 Time 12 Jan. 26/1 There was a noise at the door, a shout, and a gang of Mau Mau thugs, led by the ranch's male cook, burst into the living room, brandishing panga knives. 2003 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 13 July vi. 33/1 He worked for the forestry department, slashing away underbrush with his panga knife. panga man n. ΚΠ 1968 Post (Durban) 17 Nov. 9 Natal's panga man has moved south and struck again. 1998 Africa News (Nexis) 22 May (News section) The mentally disturbed pangaman was unhurt and standing when the two young men arrived and started their attack. panga war n. ΚΠ 1952 Time 10 Nov. 38/3 The pangas seemed symbolic last week, for Kenya Colony, the brightest jewel in Britain's East African Empire, is bleeding badly in a panga war. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1811n.²1877n.³1929
随便看	refs reft refu refuel refueled refueler refueling refuelled refueller refuelling refuels refuge refuge hole refuge house refuge hut refuge place refuge room refuge tower refuged refugee refugee bean refugee boat refugee camp refugee capital refugee centre

pangan.1

pangan.2

pangan.3

Compounds

pangan.¹

pangan.²

pangan.³