单词 | pangenesis |
释义 | pangenesisn. Biology. Now historical. 1. A theory postulated by Darwin to explain the phenomena of heredity, according to which every constituent unit of an organism reproduced itself by contributing particles (gemmules) to the organism's reproductive cells. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > theories > [noun] > of genetics or evolution theory of preformation1756 Darwinizing1807 development hypothesis1845 generationism1847 theory of evolution1858 Darwinism1860 Darwinianism1861 monogenesis1864 monogenism1865 monogeny1865 pangenesis1868 evolutionism1869 phylogeny1869 polygenism1871 derivation1874 phylogenesis1875 transformism1878 biogenetic law1879 gastraea theory1879 fortuitism1881 organicism1883 hereditism1884 kinetogenesis1884 Lamarckianism1884 Lamarckism1884 neo-Lamarckianism1884 monogenesy1885 neo-Lamarckism1887 preformationism1890 neo-Darwinism1891 blastogenesis1893 Haeckel-ismus1894 Weismannism1894 preformism1895 Haeckelism1899 mutation theory1902 directivity1903 Mendelianism1903 Mendelism1903 hereditarianism1906 mutationism1912 selectionism1912 hologenesis1931 parsimony1931 Morganism1934 Lysenkoism1948 neutralism1972 punctuated equilibrium1972 saltationism1975 punctuationism1977 punctuationalism1978 adaptationism1980 geneticism1984 adaptationalism1985 1868 C. Darwin Variation Animals & Plants II. 359 I venture to advance the hypothesis of Pangenesis, which implies that the whole organization, in the sense of every separate atom or unit, reproduces itself. Hence ovules and pollen-grains—the fertilized seed or egg, as well as buds—include or consist of a multitude of germs thrown off from each separate atom of the organism. 1892 J. A. Thomson Outl. Zool. 65 This hypothesis has been repeatedly modified, but, except in the general sense that the body may influence its reproductive cells, ‘pangenesis’ is discredited by most biologists. 1913 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics VI. 597/2 Heredity and variation, whatever their exact nature were throughout living things held to be phenomena of essentially the same character. This view Darwin sought to express in his well-known hypothesis of Pangenesis. 1992 A. Desmond & J. Moore Darwin 531 Even christening his theory ruffled domestic feathers: trying to convey his idea that every bodily cell buds off a representative part of itself, he called it ‘pangenesis.’ 2. intracellular pangenesis n. a theory of heredity proposed by de Vries, according to which hereditary particles (pangenes) present in all cell nuclei are transmitted to daughter cells. ΚΠ 1889 Bot. Gaz. 14 64 The hypothesis..is called by Prof. de Vries that of ‘intracellular pangenesis.’ 1962 Amer. Naturalist 96 96 A second, even more important, difference between the theory of intracellular pangenesis and Darwin's hypothesis is that each pangene transmits but a single character,..whereas Darwin's gemmules were thought to serve as carriers for the whole set of characters found in a definite tissue or organ. 1999 Isis 90 241 Darwin was the most important proponent of the approach De Vries favored; he described his theory of intracellular pangenesis as a revision of Darwin's ideas. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1868 |
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