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单词 pangenesis
释义

pangenesisn.

Brit. /panˈdʒɛnᵻsɪs/, U.S. /pænˈdʒɛnəsəs/
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: pan- comb. form, -genesis comb. form.
Etymology: < pan- comb. form + -genesis comb. form (see quot. 1868 at sense 1). In sense 2 after German intrazellulare Pangenesis (1889 in the title of a book by Hugo de Vries: see pangene n.).
Biology. Now historical.
1. A theory postulated by Darwin to explain the phenomena of heredity, according to which every constituent unit of an organism reproduced itself by contributing particles (gemmules) to the organism's reproductive cells.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > theories > [noun] > of genetics or evolution
theory of preformation1756
Darwinizing1807
development hypothesis1845
generationism1847
theory of evolution1858
Darwinism1860
Darwinianism1861
monogenesis1864
monogenism1865
monogeny1865
pangenesis1868
evolutionism1869
phylogeny1869
polygenism1871
derivation1874
phylogenesis1875
transformism1878
biogenetic law1879
gastraea theory1879
fortuitism1881
organicism1883
hereditism1884
kinetogenesis1884
Lamarckianism1884
Lamarckism1884
neo-Lamarckianism1884
monogenesy1885
neo-Lamarckism1887
preformationism1890
neo-Darwinism1891
blastogenesis1893
Haeckel-ismus1894
Weismannism1894
preformism1895
Haeckelism1899
mutation theory1902
directivity1903
Mendelianism1903
Mendelism1903
hereditarianism1906
mutationism1912
selectionism1912
hologenesis1931
parsimony1931
Morganism1934
Lysenkoism1948
neutralism1972
punctuated equilibrium1972
saltationism1975
punctuationism1977
punctuationalism1978
adaptationism1980
geneticism1984
adaptationalism1985
1868 C. Darwin Variation Animals & Plants II. 359 I venture to advance the hypothesis of Pangenesis, which implies that the whole organization, in the sense of every separate atom or unit, reproduces itself. Hence ovules and pollen-grains—the fertilized seed or egg, as well as buds—include or consist of a multitude of germs thrown off from each separate atom of the organism.
1892 J. A. Thomson Outl. Zool. 65 This hypothesis has been repeatedly modified, but, except in the general sense that the body may influence its reproductive cells, ‘pangenesis’ is discredited by most biologists.
1913 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics VI. 597/2 Heredity and variation, whatever their exact nature were throughout living things held to be phenomena of essentially the same character. This view Darwin sought to express in his well-known hypothesis of Pangenesis.
1992 A. Desmond & J. Moore Darwin 531 Even christening his theory ruffled domestic feathers: trying to convey his idea that every bodily cell buds off a representative part of itself, he called it ‘pangenesis.’
2. intracellular pangenesis n. a theory of heredity proposed by de Vries, according to which hereditary particles (pangenes) present in all cell nuclei are transmitted to daughter cells.
ΚΠ
1889 Bot. Gaz. 14 64 The hypothesis..is called by Prof. de Vries that of ‘intracellular pangenesis.’
1962 Amer. Naturalist 96 96 A second, even more important, difference between the theory of intracellular pangenesis and Darwin's hypothesis is that each pangene transmits but a single character,..whereas Darwin's gemmules were thought to serve as carriers for the whole set of characters found in a definite tissue or organ.
1999 Isis 90 241 Darwin was the most important proponent of the approach De Vries favored; he described his theory of intracellular pangenesis as a revision of Darwin's ideas.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1868
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